Derivada de las funciones elementales

f(x) = k
k - k
f'(a) = lim ------- = 0
x->a x - a
=> f'(x) = 0
f(x) = bx + c

bx + c - ba - c b(x - a)
f'(a) = lim --------------- = lim -------- = b
x->a x - a x->a x - a
=> f'(x) = b
f(x) = xn

xn - an
f'(a) = lim --------- =
x->a (x-a)
(x - a)(xn-1 + axn-2 + a2xn-3 + + an-1)
lim ------------------------------------------ = nan-1
x->a (x-a)
=> f'(x) = nxn-1
f(x) = bxn

bxn - ban b(xn - an)
f'(a) = lim ---------- = lim ----------- = bnan-1
x->a x - a x->a x - a
=> f'(x) = bnxn-1
f(x) = !x e"uiv a x#a - 1 (l$mites ti%o)
--&--
!x - !a !(x#a) x - a 1
f'(a) = lim -------- = lim ------- = lim --------- = --
x->a x - a x->a x - a x->a a(x - a) a
1
=> f'(x) = ---
x
f(x)=lo'cx
lo'cd = !d#!c
(
lo'cx - lo'ca lo'c(x#a) ( lo'c(x#a) 1
f'(a)=lim ------------- = lim ---------- = lim --------- = ---
x->a x - a ( x->a (x - a) x->a !c(x - a) a!c
(
lo' a - lo' b = lo'(a#b)
1
=> f'(x) = ---
x!c
f(x) = ex
e"uiv a 1 (l$mites ti%o)
---&---
ex - ea ea(ex-a - 1)
f'(a) = lim --------- = lim ------------ = ea
x->a x - a x->a x - a

=> f'(x) = ex
f(x) = bx
e"uiv a (x-a)!b (l$mites ti%o)
----&----
bx - ba ba(bx-a - 1) ba(x - a)!b
f'(a)=lim ------- = lim ------------ = lim ----------- = ba!b
x->a x - a x->a x - a x->a x - a
=> f'(x) = bx!b
f(x) = sen x
e"uiv a (x-a)#2 (l$mites ti%o)
-----&-----
senx - sena 2sen((x-a)#2)cos((x+a)#2)
f'(a)=lim ------------ = lim ------------------------- =
x->a x - a x->a x - a
2(x - a)cos((x+a)#2)
lim ------------------- = cos a
x->a 2(x - a)
=> f'(x) = cosx
f(x) = cosx

cos x - cos a -2sen((x-a)#2)sen((x+a)#2)
f'(a) = lim ------------- = lim -------------------------- =
x->a x - a x->a x - a
-2(x-a)sen((x+a)#2)
lim ------------------- = -sen a
x->a 2(x - a)
=> f'(x) = -senx
f(x) = t'x
1 (l$mites ti%o)
---&---
t'x - t'a ()) t'(x-a)
f'(a)=lim ---------- = lim ------- (1 + t'xt'a) = 1 + t'2a
x->a x - a x->a (x-a)

t'x - t'a
()) *ues t'(x - a) = ------------
1 + t'xt'a

sen2a cos2a + sen2a 1
1 + ------ = ------------- = ----
cos2a cos2a cos2a
1
=> f'(x)=1 + t'2x = -------
cos2x
n ++
f(x)= ,(x

n ++
,(x = x1#n
1 x(1-n)#n 1 1
f'(x)=(x1#n)'= --x1#n - 1 = ----------- = ------- = --------
n n nx(n-1)#n n ++++
n ,(xn-1
1
=> f'(x) = ---------
n ++++
n ,(xn-1
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