o ho my ch

Bin tp bi:
Nguyn Vit Dng

o ho my ch
Bin tp bi:
Nguyn Vit Dng

Phin bn trc tuyn:

http://voer.edu.vn/c/fa4a5cbc

MC LC
1. Tng quan v o ho my ch
2. CNG NGH O HO MY CH VI VMWARE ESX SERVER
3. XY DNG M HNH NG DNG O HA MY CH TI TRNG CAO
NG S PHM THI NGUYN
Tham gia ng gp

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Tng quan v o ho my ch
1.1. Khi nim o ha my ch.
o ha my ch l mt cng ngh c ra i nhm khai thc trit kh nng lm vic
ca cc phn cng trong mt h thng my ch. N hot ng nh mt tng trung gian
gia h thng phn cng my tnh v phn mm chy trn n. tng ca cng ngh
o ha my ch l t mt my vt l n l c th to thnh nhiu my o c lp. o
ha cho php to nhiu my o trn mt my ch vt l, mi mt my o cng c cp
pht ti nguyn phn cng nh my tht gm c Ram, CPU, Card mng, cng, cc ti
nguyn khc v h iu hnh ring. Khi chy ng dng, ngi s dng khng nhn bit
c ng dng chy trn lp phn cng o.

Hnh 1.1: Mt Server vt l trong h thng o ha

Cc b x l ca h thng my tnh ln c thit k h tr cng ngh o ho v cho
php chuyn cc lnh hoc tin trnh nhy cm ca cc my o c th nh hng trc
tip n ti nguyn h thng cho h iu hnh ch x l, sau lp o ha s m phng
kt qu tr v cho my o. Tuy nhin khng phi tt c cc b x l u h tr o
ha. Cc b x l c trn my bn khng c h tr chc nng ny. Ngy nay hai nh
sn xut b x l ln trn th gii l Intel v AMD u c gng tch hp cng ngh o
ha vo trong cc sn phm ca h. Cc b x l c ng dng o ha thng l Intel
VT(Virtual Technology) hoc AMD Pacifica.

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S dng cng ngh o ha em n cho ngi dng s tin ch. Vic c th chy
nhiu h iu hnh ng thi trn cng mt my tnh thun tin cho vic hc tp ngin
cu v nh gi mt sn phm h iu hnh hay mt phn mm tin ch no . Nhng
khng ngng li , nhng kh nng v li ch ca o ho cn hn th v ni gt hi
c nhiu thnh cng v to nn thng hiu ca cng ngh o ha chnh l trong
mi trng h thng my ch ng dng v h thng mng.
o ha my ch thc s khng c quan tm cho n nhng nm gn y. Do cn
nhiu vn v cng ngh v ngi dng cha thc s quan tm ti li ch cng nh
cn thiu mt i ng am hiu v cng ngh ny nn vic p dng n vo h h thng
l rt d dt. Nhng khi i mt vi thc trng khng hong ca nn kinh t ton cu th
bt k mt c quan, t chc, doanh nghip no cng cn ch tm tm mt gii php
tit kim hn. y cng l lc cng ngh o ha tm c ch ng vng chc cho mnh
trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin trn th gii.
Hin nay c nhiu nh cung cp cc sn phm my ch v phn mm iu khin ch tm
u t nghin cu v pht trin cng ngh ny nh l HP, IBM, Microsoft v Vmware.
Nhiu dng o ha c a ra v c th chia thnh hai dng chnh l o ha cng v
o ha mm. T hai dng trn, sau ny mi pht trin thnh nhiu loi o ha c chc
nng v cu trc khc nhau nh VMM-Hypervisor, VMM , Hybrid
o ha cng cn c gi l phn thn my ch. Dng o ha ny cho php to nhiu
my o trn mt my ch vt l. Mi my o chy h iu hnh ring v c cp pht
cc ti nguyn phn cng nh s xung nhp CPU, cng v b nh... Cc ti nguyn
ca my ch c th c cp pht ng mt cch linh ng ty theo nhu cu ca tng
my o. Gii php ny cho php hp nht cc h thng my ch cng knh thnh mt
my ch duy nht v cc my ch trc y by gi ng vai tr l my o ng dng
chy trn n.
o ha mm cn gi l phn thn h iu hnh. N thc ra ch l sao chp bn sao ca
mt h iu hnh chnh lm nhiu h iu hnh con v cho php cc my o ng dng
c th chy trn n. Nh vy, nu h iu hnh ch l Linux th cch o ho ny s cho
php to thm nhiu bn Linux lm vic trn cng my. Cch ny c u im l ch cn
mt bn quyn cho mt h iu hnh v c th s dng cho cc my o cn li. Nhc
im ca n l khng th s dng nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau trn cng mt my ch.

1.2. Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng o ha.

Mt h thng o ha bao gm nhng thnh phn sau:
Ti nguyn vt l (host machine, host hardware).
Cc phn mm o ha (virtual software) cung cp v qun l mi

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trng lm vic ca cc my o.
My o (virtual machine): Cc my c ci trn phn mm o ha.
H iu hnh: L h iu hnh c ci trn my o.

Hnh 1.2: Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng o ha

1.2.1. Ti nguyn vt l (host machine / host hadware).

Cc ti nguyn vt l trong mi trng o ha cung cp ti nguyn m cc my o s s
dng ti. Mt mi trng ti nguyn ln c th cung cp c cho nhiu my o chy
trn n v nng cao hiu qu lm vic ca cc my o .Cc ti nguyn vt l c th k
n l l a cng, ram, card mng.

1.2.2. Cc phn mm o ha (virtual software).

Lp phn mm o ha ny cung cp s truy cp cho mi my o n ti nguyn h
thng. N cng chu trch nhim lp k hoch v phn chia ti nguyn vt l cho cc
my o. Phn mm o ha l nn tng ca mt mi trng o ha. N cho php to ra
cc my o cho ngi s dng, qun l cc ti nguyn v cung cp cc ti nguyn ny
n cc my o.. Ngoi ra phn mm o ha cn cung cp giao din qun l v cu hnh
cho cc my o.

1.2.3. My o (virtual machine).

Thut ng my o c dng chung khi miu t c my o (lp 3) v h iu hnh o
(lp 4). My o thc cht l mt phn cng o, mt mi trng hay mt phn vng trn
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 a. Trong mi trng ny c y thit b phn cng nh mt my tht . y l mt

kiu phn mm o ha da trn phn cng vt l. Cc h iu hnh khch m chng ta
ci trn cc my o ny khng bit phn cng m n nhn thy l phn cng o.
1.2.4. H iu hnh khch(guest operating system).
H iu hnh khch c xem nh mt phn mm (lp 4) c ci t trn mt my o
(lp 3) gip ta c th s dng d dng v x l cc s c trong mi trng o ha. N
gip ngi dng c nhng thao tc ging nh ang thao tc trn mt lp phn cng vt
l thc s.
Khi c cc thnh phn trn, ngi dng c th xy dng cho mnh mt h thng ng
dng o ha. Ngoi vic la chn phn cng cho thch hp, ngi dng cn cn cn
nhc xem phi s dng phn mm o ha g hoc loi o ha no. iu ny rt quan
trng trong vic ti u ha hiu sut lm vic cho h thng.

1.3. Gii thiu cc kin trc & cc mc o ha.

Xt v kin trc h thng, cc kin trc o ha h thng my ch c th chia thnh cc
dng dng chnh sau:
Host-based
Hypervisor-based (cn gi l bare-metal hypervisor, n c chia nh ra lm
hai loi l Monothic Hypervisor v Microkernel Hypervisor)
Hybrid.
Ngoi ra, ty theo tng sn phm o ha c trin khai (nh Vmware, Microsoft
HyperV, Citrix XEN Server) m mc o ha c th s khc nhau. Cc mc o ha
bao gm:
o ha ton phn(Full-virtualization): H iu hnh khch (Cc h
iu hnh ci trn my ch o) khng b thay i, v chng hot ng nh trn phn
cng tht s.
o ha song song (Paravirtualization): Cc h iu hnh khch s b
thay i hot ng tt hn vi phn cng. Tuy nhin dng ny thng c hn ch l
h tr kh t cc loi h iu hnh khch.
o ha H iu hnh.
o ha ng dng.

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Sau y ta s i tm hiu chi tit v cc kin trc v mc o ha my ch, ng thi

xem xt khi nim Hypervisor l g.

1.4. Cc kin trc o ha.

1.4.1. Kin trc o ha Hosted-based.
Cn gi l kin trc hosted hypervisor, kin trc ny s dng mt lp hypervisor chy
trn nn tng h iu hnh, s dng cc dch v c h iu hnh cung cp phn
chia ti nguyn ti cc my o. Nu ta xem hypervisor ny l mt lp phn mm ring
bit, th cc h iu hnh khch ca my o s nm trn lp th 3 so vi phn cng my
ch.

Hnh 1.3: M hnh Hosedt-based

Ta c th thy, mt h thng o ha s dng M hnh Hosted-based c chia lm 4 lp
hot ng nh sau:
Nn tng phn cng: Bao gm cc thit b nhp xut, thit b lu tr (Hdd,
Ram), b vi x l CPU, v cc thit b khc (cc thit b mng, vi x l ha,
m thanh)
H iu hnh Host: H iu hnh ny thc hin vic lin lc trc tip vi phn
cng, qua cung cp cc dch v v chc nng thng qua h iu hnh ny.
H thng virtual machine monitor (hypervisor) : Chy trn nn tng h iu
hnh Host, cc h thng ny ly ti nguyn v dch v do h iu hnh host
cung cp, thc hin vic qun l, phn chia trn cc ti nguyn ny.
Cc ng dng my o: S dng ti nguyn do hypervisor qun l.

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Mi lin lc gia phn cng v trnh iu khin thit b trn h iu hnh trong kiu o
ha VMM c m t nh sau :
Bc u tin m phng phn cng: Lp o ha hypervisor s to ra mt phn
vng trn a cho cc my o. Phn vng ny bao gm cc phn cng o nh
a, b nh.
Hypervisor xy dng mi lin lc gia lp o ha vi h iu hnh: Khi mt
my o truy xut ti nguyn th lp hypervisor s thay th my o gi cc
yu cu ti h iu hnh my ch yu cu thc hin,
Khi h iu hnh nhn c cc yu cu ny. N lin lc vi trnh iu khin
thit b phn cng.
Cc trnh iu khin thit b phn cng lin lc n cc phn cng trn my
thc.
Qu trnh ny s xy ra ngc li khi c cc tr li t cc phn cng n h
iu hnh ch.
Mt s h thng hypervisor dng Hosted-base c th k n nh Vmware
Server,Microsoft Virtual PC, my o Java ..

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1.4.2. Kin trc o ha Hypervisor-based.

Cn gi l kin trc bare-metal hypervisor. Trong m hnh ny, lp phn mm
hypervisor chy trc tip trn nn tng phn cng ca my ch, khng thng qua
bt k mt h iu hnh hay mt nn tng no khc. Qua , cc hypervisor ny
c kh nng iu khin, kim sot phn cng ca my ch. ng thi, n cng c
kh nng qun l cc h iu hnh chy trn n. Ni cch khc, cc h iu hnh
s chy trn mt lp nm pha trn cc hypervisor dng bare-metal. Hnh v sau
s minh ha c th hn cho vn ny:

Hnh 1.4: Kin trc Hypervisor-based

Ta c th thy, mt h thng o ha my ch s dng nn tng Bare-metal hypervisor
bao gm 3 lp chnh:
Nn tng phn cng: Bao gm cc thit b nhp xut, thit b lu tr (Hdd,
Ram), b vi x l CPU, v cc thit b khc (cc thit b mng, vi x l ha,
m thanh)
Lp nn tng o ha Virtual Machine Monitor (cn gi l hypervisor), thc
hin vic lin lc trc tip vi nn tng phn cng pha di, qun l v phn
phi ti nguyn cho cc h iu hnh khc nm trn n.
Cc ng dng my o: Cc my o ny s ly ti nguyn t phn cng, thng
qua s cp pht v qun l ca hypervisor.
Khi mt h iu hnh thc hin truy xut hoc tng tc ti nguyn phn cng trn h
iu hnh ch th cng vic ca mt Hypervisor s l:

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 Hypervisor m phng phn cng. n lm cho cc h iu hnh tng rng

mnh ang s dng ti nguyn vt l ca h thng tht.
Hypervisor lin lc vi cc trnh iu khin thit b
Cc trnh iu khin thit b phn cng lin lc trc tip n phn cng vt l.
M hnh Hypervisor - Base c 2 dng l Monothic Hypervisor v Microkernel
Hypervisor.
Mt s v d v cc h thng Bare-metal hypervisor nh l: Oracle VM, Vmware
ESX Server, IBM's POWER Hypervisor (PowerVM), Microsoft's Hyper-V (xut xng
thng 6 nm 2008), Citrix XenServer
a. Monolithic Hypervisor.
Monolithic Hypervisor l mt h iu hnh my ch. N cha nhng trnh iu khin
(Driver) hot ng phn cng trong lp Hypervisor truy cp ti nguyn phn cng
bn di. Khi cc h iu hnh chy trn cc my o truy cp phn cng th s thng
qua lp trnh iu khin thit b ca lp hypervisor.
M hnh ny mang li hiu qu cao, nhng cng ging nh bt k cc gii php khc,
bn cnh mt u im th n cng cn c nhng nhc im. V trong qu trnh hot
ng, nu lp trnh iu khin thit b phn cng ca n b h hng hay xut hin li th
cc my o ci trn n u b nh hng v nguy hi. Thm vo l th trng phn
cng ngy nay rt a dng, nhiu chng loi v do nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau, nn
trnh iu khin ca Hypervisor trong loi o ha ny c th s khng th h tr iu
khin hot ng ca phn cng ny mt cch ng n v hiu sut chc chn cng s
khng c nh mong i. Mt trnh iu khin khng th no iu khin tt hot ng
ca tt c cc thit b nn n cng c nhng thit b phn cng khng h tr. Nhng
iu ny cho thy rng vic ph thuc qu nhiu vo cc loi thit b dn ti s hn ch
vic pht trin cng ngh ny.

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Hnh 1.5: Kin trc Monolithic Hypervisor

b. Microkernelized Hypervisor.
Microkernelized Hypervisor l mt kiu o ha ging nh Monolithic Hypervisor. im
khc bit gia hai loi ny l trong Microkernelized trnh iu khin thit b phn cng
bn di c ci trn mt my o v c gi l trnh iu khin chnh, trnh iu
khin chnh ny to v qun l cc trnh iu khin con cho cc my o. Khi my o c
nhu cu lin lc vi phn cng th trnh iu khin con s lin lc vi trnh iu khin
chnh v trnh iu khin chnh ny s chuyn yu cu xung lp Hypervisor lin lc
vi phn cng.

Hnh 1.6: Kin trc Microkernelized Hypervisor

1.4.3. Kin trc o ha Hybrid.

Hybrid l mt kiu o ha mi hn v c nhiu u im. Trong lp o ha hypervisor
chy song song vi h iu hnh my ch. Tuy nhin trong cu trc o ha ny, cc my
ch o vn phi i qua h iu hnh my ch truy cp phn cng nhng khc bit
ch c h iu hnh my ch v cc my ch o u chy trong ch ht nhn. Khi
mt trong h iu hnh my ch hoc mt my ch o cn x l tc v th CPU s phc
v nhu cu cho h iu hnh my ch hoc my ch o tng ng. L do khin Hyrbird
nhanh hn l lp o ha chy trong ch ht nhn (chy song song vi h iu hnh),
tri vi Virtual Machine Monitor lp o ha chy trong trong ch ngi dng (chy
nh mt ng dng ci trn h iu hnh).

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Hnh 1.7: Kin trc o ha Hybrid

1.5. Cc mc o ha.
1.5.1. o ha ton phn - Full Virtualization.
y l loi o ha m ta khng cn chnh sa h iu hnh khch (guest OS) cng nh
cc phn mm c ci t trn n chy trong mi trng h iu hnh ch (host
OS). Khi mt phn mm chy trn guest OS, cc on code ca n khng b bin i
m chy trc tip trn host OS v phn mm nh ang c chy trn mt h thng
thc s. Bn cnh , o ha ton phn c th gp mt s vn v hiu nng v hiu
qu trong s dng ti nguyn h thng.
Trnh iu khin my o phi cung cp cho my o mt nh ca ton b h thng, bao
gm BIOS o, khng gian b nh o, v cc thit b o. Trnh iu khin my o cng
phi to v duy tr cu trc d liu cho cc thnh phn o(c bit l b nh), v cu
trc ny phi lun c cp nht cho mi mt truy cp tng ng c thc hin bi
my o.
.
Hnh 1.8: o Ha Ton Phn Full Virtualization
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1.5.2. Paravirtualization - o ha song song

L mt phng php o ha my ch m trong , thay v m phng mt mi
trng phn cng hon chnh, phn mm o ha ny l mt lp mng dn cc
truy cp cc h iu hnh my ch vo ti nguyn my vt l c s, s dng mt
kernel n qun l cc Server o v cho php chng chy cng mt lc (c th
ngm hiu, mt Server chnh l giao din ngi dng c s dng tng tc
vi h iu hnh).
o ha song song em li tc cao hn so vi o ha ton phn v hiu qu s dng
cc ngun ti nguyn cng cao hn. Nhng n yu cu cc h iu hnh khch chy
trn my o phi c chnh sa. iu ny c ngha l khng phi bt c h iu hnh
no cng c th chy o ha song song c (tri vi o ha ton phn). XP Mode ca
Windows 7 l mt v d in hnh v o ha song song.

Hnh 1.9: o ha
song song (Paravirtualization)
Phng php o ha ny c hai u im. Th nht, gim chi ph hot ng do s lng
m rt t. Lp phn mm ca o ha song song hot ng ging mt cnh st giao thng
, n cho php mt h iu hnh ch truy cp cc ti nguyn vt l ca phn cng, ng
thi ngn khng cho cc h iu hnh ch khc truy cp cc ngun ti nguyn .
u im th hai ca o ha song song song l n khng gii hn cc trnh iu khin
thit b trong phn mm o ha; thc t l o ha song song khng h c cc trnh iu
khin thit b. Thay vo , n s dng cc trnh iu khin thit b c trong mt h iu
hnh ch, gi l my ch c quyn. N cho php cc cng ty tn dng hiu sut phn

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cng cc my ch, ch khng b gii hn phn cng m cc trnh iu khin phi sn c

trong phn mm o ha ny nh trong o ha m phng phn cng.
Tuy nhin, phng php o ha ny cng c mt nhc im ln: Do t quan trng v
dn truy cp vo mt phn cng c s, o ha song song yu cu cc h iu hnh ch
phi c thay i tng tc vi giao din ca n. Cng vic ny ch c th c
thc hin khi truy cp m ngun ca h iu hnh
Do , nhc im ny s c gim thiu khi s dng cc my ch c cc con chip mi
trong c s h tng sn xut. Mt v d ca o ha song song l mt sn phm ngun
m mi c tn gi Xen, c cng ty thng mi XenSource bo tr. Xen cng xut
hin trong cc ngun phn phi Linux gn y t Red Hat v Novell, v c trong nhiu
ngun phn phi cng ng Linux nh Debian v Ubuntu. XenSource cng t bn cc
sn phm da trn Xen. Mt phn mm tim nng khc l Virtual Iron, mt gii php
da trn Xen

1.5.3. o ha h iu hnh.
Mt h iu hnh c vn hnh ngay trn mt h iu hnh ch tn ti v c kh
nng cung cp mt tp hp cc th vin tng tc vi cc ng dng, khin cho mi ng
dng truy xut ti nguyn phn cng cm thy nh truy xut trc tip my ch vt l.
T phi cnh ca ng dng, n c nhn thy v tng tc vi cc ng dng chy trn
h iu hnh o, v tng tc vi h iu hnh o mc d n kim sot ti nguyn h
iu hnh o. Ni chung, khng th thy cc ng dng ny hoc cc ti nguyn h iu
hnh t trong h iu hnh o khc.
Phng php o ha ny c bit hu dng nu nh cung cp mun mang li cho cng
ng ngi s dng khc nhau cc chc nng khc nhau ca h thng trn mt mt my
ch duy nht. y l mt phng php l tng cho cc cng ty my ch Web: H s
dng o ha container (OS o) khin cho mt trang Web ch tin rng trang web
ny kim sot ton b my ch Tuy nhin, trn thc t mi trang Web ch chia s cng
mt my vi cc trang Web khc, mi trang Web ny li c mt container ring.
o ha h iu hnh yu cu rt t ti nguyn h thng, do bo m hu ht ti nguyn
my sn c cho cc ng dng chy trn container. Tuy nhin, o ha h iu hnh vn
c mt s nhc im. Nhc im u tin v ln nht l phng php ny thng
gii hn s la chn h iu hnh. S container ha ngha l cc container cung cp mt
h iu hnh tng t nh h iu hnh ch v thm ch thng nht v phin bn v cc
bn v li.
Nh chng ta c th tng tng, c th xy ra vn nu nh cung cp mun chy cc
ng dng khc nhau trn cc container, do cc ng dng thng c chng thc cho
mt phin bn h iu hnh v cc bn v li. Do , o ha h iu hnh thch hp nht

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vi cu hnh thun nht, trong cc tnh hung ny o ha h iu hnh l s la chn

hon ho.

1.5.4. o ha ng dng.
Thng thng, khi mun s dng mt phn mm no nh office, design, ngi dng
hay c suy ngh rng cn phi tn thi gian ci t phn mm ln trn my tnh, c
th hn l ln h iu hnh ang s dng. iu ny tn kh nhiu thi gian, nht l nu
p dng trn nhng doanh nghip ln, c c ngn my tnh, v ng thi vn qun
l cc phn mm ny nh ai truy xut, thi gian truy xut cho php ra sao tr thnh mt
thch thc tht s.
Do , khi nim o ha ng dng ra i. Mt ng dng c o ha s khng c ci
t ln my tnh mt cch thng thng, mc d gc ngi s dng, ng dng vn
hot ng mt cch bnh thng. o ha ng dng s gip tch ri s ph thuc gia
nn tng phn cng, h iu hnh v ng dng vi nhau.
M hnh hot ng
C kh nhiu t chc tham gia vo qu trnh o ha ng dng vi cc m hnh
khc nhau. C th k n nh Citrix vi m hnh Application Streaming, Microsoft vi
m hnh Microsoft Application Virtualization. y chng ta s tm hiu v m hnh
Application Streaming ca Citrix.

Hnh 1.10: M hnh Application Streaming ca Citrix

K thut streaming cho php ngi qun l c th y v qun l cc ng dng trn
nn tng h iu hnh Windows n bt c ngi dng no theo yu cu. C th hn:
thng qua cc ng truyn d liu c dnh ring, cc ng dng c ti v thit b

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ca ngi dng, sau chy trn mt mi trng gi lp. Cc thnh phn ca h thng
application streaming ny bao gm:
Application Profiler: Ti y cc application c ng gi, km vi n l
cc thng tin nh ti nguyn cn thit chy ng dng, cc quy tc khi trin
khai trn thit b ngi dng, cc thnh phn ca ng dng
Application Hub: Sau khi c ng gi km theo cc thng tin cn thit,
cc ng dng/phn mm c lu tr ti y.
Mt c im vi k thut ny l: Cc ng dng c lu tr ti b nh cc b
ti cc my tnh cui ca ngi dng, v c s dng nh cc phn mm
c ci t theo cch truyn thng. Nhng tht s n khng c ci t, m
l chy trn lp m l mi trng o ha nm ngay trn h iu hnh.

1.6. u im, nhc im ca o ho my ch.

1.6.1. u im.
Gip tn dng ti a ti nguyn phn cng ca my ch vt l, tit kim chi ph
u t h thng.
o ha l mt khi nim quan trng trong xy dng nn tng bo mt my tnh.
My o c th c s dng to ra h iu hnh, hay mi trng thc thi vi
ti nguyn gii hn, mang li mt lch trnh ng, bo m ti nguyn.
My o c th cung cp nh o ca phn cng, hay cu hnh phn cng m bn
khng c (chng hn nh thit b SCSI, a x l,...). o ha cng c th c
s dng m phng mng hay cc my tnh c lp.
My o c th c s dng chy nhiu h iu hnh cng mt lc: cc
phin bn khc nhau hay thm ch cc h iu hnh khc nhau.
My o cho php c ch sa li mnh m v gim st hiu nng. Bn c th t
vo mt s cng c v d nh l virtual machine monitor (VMM). H iu hnh
c th sa li m khng lm mt mt hiu sut, hay thit lp nhng kch bn
sa li phc tp hn.
My o c th cch ly vi nhng g n chy, v th n c th ngn chn thiu
st v li. Bn c th ch ng t li vo phn mm nghin cu cch x l
tun t ca n.
My o lm cho phn mm di chuyn d dng hn, v th nhng ng dng tr
gip v h thng c tnh di ng.
My o l cng c tuyt vi th nghim l thuyt. T khi chng cung cp s
cch ly, chng c th lm vic an ton hn. Chng ng gi ton b trng thi
ca h thng ang chy: Ngi s dng c th lu trng thi, kho st n, sa
i n, np li n v v.v...
o ha c th khi to h iu hnh c sn chy trn nhng b nh a x l
c chia s.

15/69

 My o c th c s dng to ra cc kch bn test ty , v c th dn n

vi tng rt sng to, cht lng, hiu qu.
o ha c th to ra cc tc v nh l di chuyn h thng, sao lu, phc hi &
qun l d dng, thun tin hn.

1.6.2. Nhc im:

Gii php o ha c im nt s c (single point of failure): Hn ch ln nht
ca o ha l n c mt im nt s c. Khi mt my, m trn , mi gii
php o ha ang chy, gp s c hay khi chnh gii php o ha gp s c, s
lm crash mi th. iu ny nghe tht ng s nhng thc t ri ro ny tng
i d phng. Tng sc cha v thng xuyn sao lu h iu hnh o (cng
vi ng dng o) l mt cch thc gip gim thiu nguy c mt d liu v thi
gian cht do single point of failure.
o ha yu cu nhng c my mnh m: o ha c th tit kim c tin bc
bi v n i hi t phn cng hn v iu ny cho php hn ch s lng my
vt l trong mt doanh nghip nhng n khng c ngha l c kh nng s
dng cc my tnh c l s chy cc gii php o ha mi. Cc gii php o
ha i hi mt c my tht s mnh m. Nu c my c s dng khng
mnh, vn c th trin khai cc gii php o ha nhng khi m khng c sc
mnh CPU v RAM cho chng, n s thc s lm gin on cng vic.
o ha c th dn n hiu nng thp: Thm ch nu c my m trn cc h
iu hnh v ng dng o ang chy mnh, vn hiu nng vn c kh
nng xy ra. Mt trong nhng thc t gp phi l mt ng dng khi chy
trn mi trng khng o ha th hot ng tt nhng li gp vn khi chy
trn h thng o ha. V d: Hiu sut ca stress test trong mi trng o ha
c kt qu rt khc (v sai lch) khi so snh vi stress test trn mt my dnh
ring. iu tt nht cn lm khi trin khai trn mt nn tng o ha l lun
kim tra v theo di st sao cc vn tim n.
ng dng o ha khng phi lun lun kh dng: Trong khi trong hu ht cc
trng hp khng th d on chnh xc c mt ng dng c th c th hot
ng tt khi c o ha hay khng th cng c mt s ng dng khc qua thc
tin cho thy b suy gim hiu nng khi c o ha.
Ri ro li vt l cao: Rt tuyt vi lu tr/chy 5 Server (o)rt quan trng
ca bn trong ch mt Server vt l. Nhng bn c bao gi tng tng c
xung t ca 5 Server ny ch bi li ca 1 phn cng trong Server vt l? N
s t c 5 Server quan trng ca bn trong tnh trng offline. r rng l mt
nhc im v hn ch ln ca o ha cn phi cn nhc khi c k hoch thit
lp mt mi trng o ha my ch.

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1.7. An ton, bo mt khi trin khai o ha my ch.

1.7.1. Gii quyt s c.
Mt vn m ta khng th khng quan tm chnh v nguy c gin on dch v.
o ha rt tt, rt chuyn nghip, nhng trit l lm vic ca n l tng tt c trng
vo trong mt gi qu l mo him khi t ton b cc Server m nhim cc dch
v quan trng vo trong mt Server duy nht. c bit l khi Server duy nht ny do
phi ti qu nhiu cc tc v nn lc no cng phi trong tnh trng hot ng ht cng
sut, iu ny s cng lm gia tng nguy c v cc s c bt thnh lnh trn Server vt
l. Mt khi xut hin s c trn Server vt l th cc Server o nm trn cng s
chu chung s phn.
Tuy nhin, nhc im ny c th gii quyt bng mt Server vt l d phng. Khi
Server vt l chnh phi ngng hot ng do hng hc hoc bo tr, Server vt l d
phng s chy cc my o cho n khi Server vt l chnh c x l xong. Nhng
c c tnh nng ny, s phi pht sinh thm chi ph.

1.7.2. Vn bo mt.
Tr ngi cui cng ca o ha chnh l bo mt. Vic chy nhiu my o trn mt h
thng phn cng duy nht, chng ta s phi i mt vi nguy c b t nhp. V d nh
trong trng hp XP mode ca Windows 7, ta s phi i mt vi nguy c gp phi kiu
tn cng guest-to-host attack: Pha tn cng s tp kch guest OS, sau s da vo cc
l hng bo mt ca phn mm o ha vt qua cc c ch bo v, ghi vo vng
b nh ca host OS . D nhin, trng hp ngc li cng c th xy ra (tn cng host
OS trc sau mi tn cng guest OS).

17/69

CNG NGH O HO MY CH VI
VMWARE ESX SERVER
2.1. Mt s cng ngh o ho my ch.
2.1.1. Cng ngh o ho Virtuozzo Containers ca Parallels.
a. Gii thiu chung.
Virtuozzo Containers ca hng Parallels l mt gii php o ha khai thc y nng
lc ca h tng cng ngh thng tin bng cch gia tng vic tn dng ti nguyn d tha
ca cc my ch hin hu gp 2 3 ln so vi cc cng ngh khc. Trong bi cnh m
ngn sch u t cho cng ngh thng tin ngy cng eo hp nh hin nay th vic khai
thc h tng hin c mc cao nht c th ng ngha vi vic tit kim chi ph
khng ch trong khu bo hng v nng lng m cn c phn vn ti u t cho vic
mua sm my ch mi
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers cung cp mt lp o ha chu trch nhim phn b ti
nguyn h thng cho tt c cc my o c gi l container. Lp o ha ny ch tiu
tn khong 2% nng lc x l t gip tng t l my o trn mi my ch vt l, hiu
nng my ch gn nh khng i so vi khi chy c lp.

Hnh 2.1: Kin trc o ho Virtuozzo Containers

b. Tng quan v Parallels Virtuozzo Containers.

Mt s c tnh
18/69

 Phn vng thng minh: Mi my o cha lin kt nh x n phin bn h

iu hnh
Qun l ti nguyn linh hot: vic phn b ti nguyn h thng c thc thi
t ng hoc bi qun tr vin
Qun l tp trung: tin trnh vn hnh, bo tr, nng cp u c thc hin
mt cch tp trung thng qua cng c qun l
Di tr trc tip (Linux Only): di chuyn linh hot cc containers gia cc
my ch vt l.
Cng c qun l
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers: Cung cp cc cng c qun l hng ti 3
yu t: d s dng, qun l tp trung v a chc nng.
Parallels Virtual Automation: Tin thn l Parallels Infrastructure Manager
cho php qun tr vin qun l hu ht cc ng dng o ha bao gm Parallels
Virtuozzo Containers (Windows and Linux), Parallels Server Bare Metal
(standard and advanced editions), Parallels Server for Mac and Parallels Server
for Mac Bare Metal Edition thng qua giao din web.
Parallels Management Console l mt thnh phn c t ng ci t chung
vi Parallels Virtuozzo Containers. Vi PMC, qun tr vin c th thc hin
cc tc v:
To container mi v ci t h iu hnh
Cu hnh v chnh sa cc thng s ca container
Qun l cc OS v Application template
Gim st, pht hin v khc phc nhanh cc s c xy ra

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Hnh 2.2: Thng k tnh hnh s dng ti nguyn ca cc my o trn cng h thng
(Ca s Parallels Management Console)

2.1.2. Cng ngh o ho XenServer ca Citrix.

a. Gii thiu chung.
Citrix XenServer l mt nn tng qun l my ch o ha hon chnh, c xy dng
trn trn nn tng Xen Hypervisor mnh m. Cng ngh Xen c cc chuyn gia
trong ngnh tha nhn rng ri l mt phn mm o ha nhanh nht v an ton nht.
XenDesktop c thit k qun l cc my ch o Windows v Linux mt cch hiu
qu nht v cung cp gii php hp nht my ch vi chi ph hp l v m bo tnh lin
tc trong cc hot ng kinh doanh.

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Hnh 2.3: Ca s lm vic XenServer

b. Tng quan v XenServer.
Mt s c tnh
Chuyn i v Hp Nht
Chuyn i nhng my ch vt l thnh my o bng cc s dng XenConvert v to ra
nhng my ch o mi t trnh iu khin trung tm XenCenter. Thit lp cc hnh mu
my ch o ha, gip vic to ra cc my ch o mi tr nn d dng v thut tin hn.
Gii s lng my ch vt l bng cch chuyn i sang cc my ch o ha.
Vn hnh v Qun l
Thc thi cc tc v ca trung tm d liu mt cch t ng bng cc s dng cc
tnh nng ca phin bn min ph ca XenServer trong mi trng vn hnh trc tip.
XenConvert, XenMotion v XenCenter cung cp y cc tnh nng cn thit gip
doanh nghip qun l trung tm d liu o ha.
Li ch:

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L mt gii pho o ha my ch thc th, XenServer gip doanh nghip t c li

ch kinh t t m my thng qua vic t ng ha cc trung tm d liu, tng cng
hiu qu gim st v qun l, vi tin cy cao v m bo tnh lin tc trong kinh
doanh, kh nng tn dng in ton m my nh mt gii php m rng c s h tng
ca doanh nghip. XenServer gip doanh nghip:

T ng ha trung tm d liu v hp l ha quy trnh vn hnh

Thch nghi vi yu cu ngy cng cao v hiu qu qun l CNTT
Gim thi gian cht ngoi k hoch
Tng sc mnh cho h thng in ton m my ca doanh nghip

S khc bit ca Citrix XenServer

Gi tr o ha tt nht Cung cp h tr min ph sc mnh cng ngh t nh
cung cp gii php o ha my ch hng u,cng ngh ca Xen Hypervisor
gip chuyn i chi ph hp nht my ch doanh nghip thnh vn u t thit
b, khng gian, h thng nng lng v lm mt
Tnh nng ng cp doanh nghip Qun l tp trung v chuyn i my ch
o trc tip gip doanh nghip qun l mi trng mt cch d dng v thng
minh hn trong khi ti u ha cc ngun lc v gim thi gian cht ngoi k
hoch
D dng thit lp v Qun tr XenServer c th c ci t v vn hnh
trong vng 10 pht v n c kin trc qun l v giao din iu khin c o,
gip doanh nghip qun l tp trung hng trm my ch o ch vi 4 MB dung
lng lu tr

2.1.3.Cng ngh o ho Hyper V ca Microsoft.

a. Gii thiu chung.
Hyper-V l cng ngh o ha Server th h mi ca Microsoft v l
thnh phn quan trng trong h iu hnh Windows Server 2008.
Hyper-V chnh l cng ngh o ha th h k tip da trn hypervisor, khai thc phn
cng Server 64-bit th h mi. Ngi dng (ch yu l doanh nghip) khng cn phi
mua thm phn mm khai thc cc tnh nng o ho bi n l mt tnh nng sn c
trn Windows Server 2008
Vi Hyper-V, Microsoft cung cp mt nn tng o ha mnh v linh hot, c th p
ng nhu cu o ha mi cp cho mi trng doanh nghip.
Hyper-V c 3 phin bn Windows Server 2008 64 bit l:

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Standard (mt my o), Enterprise (4 my o) v DataCenter (khng gii hn s lng

my o). Tuy nhin n h tr h iu hnh khch trn c 32-bit v 64-bit. y l im
ni bt ca Hyper-V..
b. Tng quan v Hyper - V.
Mt s c tnh:
Hyper-V gm 3 thnh phn chnh: hypervisor, ngn o ha v m hnh I/O
(nhp/xut) o ha mi. Hypervisor l lp phn mm rt nh hin din ngay
trn b x l (BXL) theo cng ngh Intel-V hay AMD-V, c vai tr to cc
"partition" (phn vng) m thc th o s chy trong .
Mt partition l mt n v cch ly v mt lun l v c th cha mt h iu
hnh lm vic trong . Lun c t nht 1 partition gc cha Windows Server
2008 v ngn o ha, c quyn truy cp trc tip cc thit b phn cng.
Partition gc tip theo c th sinh cc partition con (c gi l my o)
chy cc h iu hnh my khch. Mt partition con cng c th sinh tip cc
partition con ca mnh.
My o khng c quyn truy cp n b x l vt l, m ch nhn thy b x
l c hypervisor cp cho. My o cng ch s dng c thit b o, mi yu
cu n thit b o s c chuyn qua VMBus n thit b partition cha.
Thng tin hi p cng c chuyn qua VMBus. Nu thit b partition cha
cng l thit b o, n s c chuyn tip cho n khi gp thit b thc
partition gc. Ton b tin trnh trong sut i vi HH khch.
Hyper-V c tch hp sn trong HH Windows Server, v hypervisor mc
trc tip n cc lung x l ca BXL, nh vy vic vn hnh my o hiu qu
hn so vi kin trc o ho trc y.

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Hnh 2.4: Kin trc Hyper - V

Cc li ch chnh khi s dng Hyper V
tin cy: Hyper-V cung cp tin cy tt hn v kh nng m rng ln hn
cho o ha c s h tng. Hypervisor khng ph thuc vo bt k trnh iu
khin thit b no ca hng th ba. N thc y phn ln cc trnh iu khin
thit b c xy dng cho Windows. Hyper-V cng c sn trn Server Core
. im ni bt l bn c th qun l cc dch v trn Server Core bng giao
din dng lnh (CLI) hoc qun l t xa bng cng c MMC v cng c
Remote Server Administration Tools c tch hp sn trong Windows Vista
v Windows Server 2008.
My ch o ha mnh: o ha cho php kh nng s dng, qun l cc ti
nguyn, cc ng dng hiu qu trn mt my ch. Cc my ch o ha c kh
nng lm cng vic ca mnh vi s linh hot cao, tn dng kh nng phn
cng ti a, m khng c xung t vi cc my ch o ha khc. Hyper-V
kim sot cht ch cc ngun ti nguyn phn cng c sn cho mi my o. V
d: My o c c lp hoc tip xc rt gii hn vi my o khc trn mng
hoc trn cng mt my tnh.
Bo mt: An ninh bo mt l mt thch thc chnh trong mi gii php my
ch. Cc my ch o ha t tip xc vi cc chc nng my ch khc trn cng
mt h thng chnh. V d khi trin khai nhiu chc nng my ch trn mt
my tnh, mi my ch o ha m nhn mt chc nng, khi nu mt my
ch o ha b mt quyn kim sot, th vn m bao k tn cng kh c th th

24/69

tip xc vi cc my o ha khc trn cng mt my ch vt l. o ha cung

cp c hi tng cng an ninh cho tt c cc nn tng my ch
Hiu sut: Hyper-V c th gii quyt khi lng cng vic i hi nhiu hn
cc gii php o ha trc y v cung cp kh nng pht trin trong h thng.
Hiu sut bao gm:
Tc ci tin thng qua kin trc o ha ct li hypervisor.
H tr a lung tng n bn b vi x l trn my ch o ha.
Tng cng h tr 64-bit, cho php my ch o ha chy cc h iu hnh
bit-64 v truy cp s lng ln b nh (ln n 64 GB mi VM), cho php s
l khi lng cng vic chuyn su cao hn.
Kin trc hypervisor cho php chia ct ra cc lp thc thi v cc trnh iu
khin, lm vic cht ch hn vi o ha kin trc phn cng.
Nng cao hiu sut phn cng. Chia s, ti u ha truyn d liu gia cc phn
cng vt l v my o.

2.2. Cu trc Vmware Esx Server.

My ch Esx s dng cu trc VMM Hypervisor, ngha l my ch Esx s to mt lp
o ha hypervisor iu khin qu trnh chia s v s dng ti nguyn ca cc my o.
Nh cu trc x l linh hot nn cc my o c th tn dng ti a hiu sut phn cng
v qun l d dng hn.
Trong m hnh ny cc my o khng phi thng qua h iu hnh ch truy cp phn
cng . Mi vn lin lc gia my o vi phn cng c thc hin qua lp o ha
Hypervisor do my ch Esx to ra. V vy tc lm vic ca cc my o nhanh hn v
t hiu qu cao hn.

Hnh 2.5: Cu trc ca ESX Server.

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Esx Server c to thnh t hai thnh phn chnh l ;

Ht nhn my ch ESX hay cn gi l vmkernel, vmkerlnel qun l v phn
phi vic truy cp ti ti nguyn phn cng trn my ch, nh vmkernel cho
php ci h iu hnh ln cc my o... n qun l b nh cho cc my o,
phn phi cc chu k ca b x l, duy tr cc thit b chuyn mch ca cc kt
ni mng.
H iu hnh iu khin (t) hay cn gi l COS

Hnh 2.6: S tng tc trong ESX Server

2.2.1. H iu hnh iu khin (Console Operating System).

H iu hnh iu khin (COS)c s dng khi ng h thng v chun b qu
trnh lm vic ca phn cng cho vmkernel. Khi h iu hnh iu khin c ti ln
n hot ng nh cc chng trnh khi ng cho vmkernel, c ngha l n chun b tt
c cc ti nguyn cn thit cho hot ng ca vmkernel . Khi COS ti xong Esx th
vmkernel s bt u hot ng khi ng h thng v m nhn vai tr h iu hnh
chnh. Lc ny vmkernel s ti li COS v mt s thnh phn ph gi l ngi gip
cng vic (helper works) v hot ng ch c quyn.Lc ny h iu hnh iu
khin c mt s nhim v khc kh quan trng nh hng ti s hot ng ca cc my
o nh l
User interaction with ESX : y l giao din tng tc gia ngi dng vi
Esx Server . Cos c trch nhim trnh by bng nhiu phng php khc nhau

26/69

thc hin giao tip gia my ch Esx vi h thng . N cho php ngi s
dng tng tc vi my ch s dng cc dch v nh l
Giao din truy cp trc tip(Direct console access)
Truy cp bng Telnet v ssh
Giao din Web (Web interface)
Truyn d liu (FTP)
Proc file system : H thng tp tin proc c s dng bi c COS v vmkernel
cung cp s liu thi gian thc v thay i cc cu hnh.
Authentication : C nhng tin trnh trong cos i hi cung cp chng thc
c c ch cho php v ngn chn truy cp vo h thng.
Running Support Applications: C mt s ng dng chy trong COS cung
cp cc h tr m rng trn mi trng my ch .mi nh cung cp phn cng
s c mt s phng php pht hin cc vn v phn cng khi chng pht
sinh.trong mt s trng hp n cn khuyn co ngi dng backup h thng
ln cos cos backup cc file h thng quan trng.

2.2.2. Vmkernel (li iu khin chnh).

Khi h iu hnh c np ,cc vmkernel bt u khi ng v khi ng h thng.
N chu trch nhim qun l v phn phi ti nguyn. Cc COS cng c np li nh
mt my o v c qun l bng cc cu hnh ca n . Cc COS thc hin cc quy tc
tng t cho cc ngun ti nguyn v phn b n cho ngi dng trn h thng.
Vmkernel thc hin nhiu chc nng nhng chc nng chnh ca n l qun l s tng
tc gia phn cng my o v phn cng ca Server vt l.n hot ng nh mt ngi
ng gia v iu phi ti nguyn cho my o khi cn thit .

2.2.3. The ESX Boot Process (Qa trnh khi ng my ch ESX).

L qu trnh khi ng my ch Esx .Bng vic quan st qu trnh khi ng ca mt h
thng my ch Esx ny, chng ta c th thy COS v vmkernel tng tc vi nhau nh
th no v lc no vmkernel nm quyn qun l ti nguyn h thng . Cn phi nm r
qu trnh ny hiu rng COS l mt phn tch bit vi vmkernel . Ngoi ra nu my
ch khng th khi ng hoc mt s dch v hoc ng dng khng th hot ng c
th nhng kin thc am tng v qu trnh ny s gip ch rt nhiu trong qu trnh tm
kim , pht hin v x l cc s c. C nhiu bc trong qu trnh khi ng h thng
v sau y l mt s qu trnh quan trng.
2.2.3.1. Lilo (B np khi ng ng dng).
Cn gi l linux loader l mt b np khi ng ng dng.ging nh ntloader ca
windows .khi khi ng h thng c n t trong cng .da trn cc thng tin c trong
file etc/lilo.config h thng bt u khi to qu trnh khi ng ca n .trong Esx mc
27/69

nh lilo s ti v khi ng vmkernel .trong file ny cn cha cc thng tin v cu hnh

cos nh n khi ng .thng tin ny cha mt lng b nh phn b cho cc thit b
c cu hnh cos s dng.
Nu bnh thng lilo c ci trn master boot record th mc nh n s ti h iu
hnh m phn vng c nh du tch cc ln khi ng.trong trng hp c
nhiu h iu hnh v c nhiu s la chn khi ng th lifo s khi to du nhy
bo hiu cho ngi dng la chn mt h iu hnh khi ng,
Sau khi lilo c np thnh cng th cos s c ti ln .a s cc qu trnh khi ng
u nm trong cos.
2.2.3.2. Init
Qu trnh u tin m Cos thc hin l init . Qu trnh ny c file etc/inittab l tp tin
xc nh runlevel m h thng s thc thi. Runlevel xc nh nhng dch v s c
khi ng v th t khi ng ca chng. Cc gi tr runlevel bin i trong linux c
so snh nh cc ty chn c sn trong window nh l safe mode hoc command prompt.
H thng Esx mc nh runlevel l 3.

2.2.4. Phn cng o (HardwareVirtualization).

ESX c trch nhim cung cp cc phn cng o cho cc my o.khi mt my o yu cu
truy sut hay truy cp mt ti nguyn no th vmkernel s chu trch nhim thit lp
mt bn o tng tc gia cc yu cu ca my o vi phn cng vt l x l .
Mt s ti nguyn nh cng , card mng c nhiu la chn ,v th am hiu v nhng
phn cng ny s gip chng ta xy dng mt h thng tng thch hot ng mt
cch hon ho nht.

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Hnh 2.7: S phn phi card mng .

2.2.5. Tnh nng Ca ESX Server.

2.2.5.1. Virtual Machine File System (VMFS).
y l mt h thng tp tin hiu sut cao cho php nhiu h thng c th truy cp vo
h thng tp tin ti cng mt thi im. N l cng ngh h tr cho VMotion v High
Availability. VMFS cho php thm v xa cc my ch Esx m khng lm nh hng
n cc my ch khc.

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Hnh 2.8: S hot ng ca VMFS

2.2.5.2. Virtual symmetric multi-processing (Virtual SMP).
Virtual SMP cho php Vmware ESX Server c th tn dng n bn b vi x l vt l
trn h thng cng lc. Cn bng ti cc tc v gia cc b vi x l.
2.2.5.3. Vmware High Availability (VMHA).
y l mt tin ch hon ho c thit k cho h thng my ch ESX v Vmware
Infrastructure. Mc ch ca cng ngh ny l di chuyn cc my o t my ch ESX
ny sang mt my ch ESX khc khi sy ra s c v hng hc my ch vt l hay mt
kt ni mng. Gip cc my o ang my ESX vt l b hng chuyn qua my ESX
khc v phc hi tnh trng m khng mt nhiu thi gian cht nn n khng nh hng
n tin trnh lm vic.
y l mt tnh nng rt mnh v bt c h thng hoc thit b phn cng no cng u
c th b ri ro v h hng,v cc vn trc trc ny kh c th on trc c .V

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vy m bo an ton d liu v cc my ch ng dng c th hot ng trc tuyn

ngay lp tc khi b s c th gii php chnh l cu hnh cho h thng hot ng tnh
nng High Availability.

Hnh 2.9: S hot ng ca Vmware High Availability

Yu cu ca Vmware High Availability
Cng ngh High Availability ch h tr cho mt s phn Phn mm o ha do
Vmware cung cp nh l Vmware Infrastructure hoc Vmware ESX Server.
cu hnh tnh nng ny phi c t nht l hai h thng my ch s dng o
ha.
Phi c t nht mt thit b lu tr mng SAN kt ni hai h thng.
Yu cu phi c tng thch v hot ng ca cc h thng my ch.
u im ca High Availability
Cung cp an ton cao cho cc my o, nh cc my o c th hot ng
c ngay khi c di chuyn sang h thng my ch mi.
Khng phn loi h iu hnh, bt c h iu hnh no c ci trn my o
cng s c chuyn i.
Cu hnh d dng v trin khai nhanh chng.
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 C th kt hp vi cc cng ngh khc nh b phn phi ti nguyn nguyn

(Distributed Resource Scheduler) v VMonitor cc my o di chuyn sang
h thng khc m khng gy mt kt ni i vi ngi dng.
C th cu hnh u tin khi ng li khi chuyn qua my ch ESX Server
mi .
Hn ch
Cc CPU trn mi my ch phi tng thch vi nhau.
Cc my o nm trn h thng my ch gp trc trc cn phi khi ng li.
Khng m bo an ton cho cc ng dng khi my t ng khi ng li sau
khi chuyn qua my ch mi.
2.2.5.4. VMotion v Storage Vmotion.
Vmonitor cho php di chuyn cc my o t my ch Esx ny sang my ch Esx khc
m khng gy t kt ni vi ngi dng. Storage Vmonitor cng ging nh Vmonitor
nhng n cho php di chuyn v lu tr my o trn cc thit b lu tr mng.

Hnh 2.10: M hnh hot ng ca VMmonitor

Khi mt my ch Esx b s c th cc my o c di chuyn n mt my ch Esx hot
ng bnh thng khc hot ng tr li.
2.2.5.5. Vmware Consolidated Backup (VCB).
Vmware Consolidated Backup l mt phn mm tin ch ca Vmware c ci trn h
iu hnh.N cho php h thng c th kt ni h thng lu tr SAN bn ngoi vi h
thng tp tin ca my ch.

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Hnh 2.11: M hnh hot ng ca Vmware Consolidated Backup

Bc 1 : VCB thc hin ghi li cc cu hnh v d liu trn cc my o ra
a.
Bc 2 :VCB a cc tp tin sao lu d phng ny ln mt my ch hoc mt
my o c chc nng v nhim v lu tr.
Bc 3 :My ch hoc my o c nhim v lu tr s sao lu cc tp tin d
phng ny ra a hoc bng t thun tin cho vic sao lu ln tip theo v
phc hi nu c li.
2.2.5.6. Vcenter Update Manager.
Qun l nng cp(Update Manager) l mt tnh nng mi i km vi Virtual Center v
ESX Server. C th thc hin cc nng cp ESX Server, cc nng cp ca h iu hnh
Windows v Linux i vi my o v li cho cc h thng ny. thc hin cc
nng cp ESX Server. C th dng kt hp vi cng ngh Vmonitor thc hin update
m khng nh hng n kt ni vi ngi dng.
2.2.5.7. Phn phi ti nguyn theo lch trnh (Distributed resource scheduler(
DRS).
DRS v c bn l mt h thng lp lch trnh ti nguyn v cn bng ti ca cc my ch
ESX. Khi ti nguyn trn mt my ch Esx tr nn thiu thn v khng th p ng cho
nhu cu hot ng ca my o th h thng phn phi s tm mt my ch Esx khc cn
nhiu ti nguyn p ng hn v chuyn my o sang bng cng ngh Vmonitor
khng b ngt kt ni vi ngi dng. V c tun hon nh vy th h thng s tn dng
c ti a nng sut hot ng ca n.

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Hnh 2.12: M hnh hot ng ca DRS

2.2.5.8. Qun l phn phi in nng (Distributed Power Manager (DPM)).
Qun l phn phi in nng cng l mt phn ca h thng qun l phn phi ti
nguyn. Nu n thy cc my ch cn qu nhiu ti nguyn cha s dng th n s dn
cc my o v my ch ny khi mt my ch khng cn my o no hot ng trn
n na th trnh qun l phn phi in nng s tt my ch ny tit kim in.
2.2.5.9. Vmware vShere Data Recovery.
Khi phc d liu (Data Recovery)Mt trong nhng tnh nng mi trong cc my ch
Esx. Backup d phng v trnh backup nhng phn backup nhm tit kim khng
gian lu tr.

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Hnh 2.13: M hnh hot ng ca Vmware vsphere data recovery

2.2.5.10. Virtual Center (VC) v Vmware vSphere Client.
Vmware vSphere Client v Virtual Center cng l mt tnh nng tin tin ca my ch
Esx . N cung cp nhiu cng c qun l t xa i vi cc my ch Esx.

Hnh 2.14: M hnh VirtualCenter Manager

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XY DNG M HNH NG DNG O

HA MY CH TI TRNG CAO
NG S PHM THI NGUYN
3.1. Gii thiu v trng Cao ng S phm Thi Nguyn
Trng Cao ng S phm Thi Nguyn nm trn trc ng Quang Trung, phng
Thnh n, Thnh ph Thi Nguyn, Tnh Thi Nguyn.
Trng c nhim v o to v bi dng gio vin Mm non, Tiu hc v Trung hc
c s c trnh t Trung hc S phm n Cao ng S phm chnh quy; lin kt o
to, bi dng gio vin Mm non, Tiu hc v Trung hc c s c trnh i hc h
va lm va hc. Ngoi ra, Nh trng m thm 5 m ngnh Trung cp v Cao ng
ngoi S phm, o to v bi dng thm ngun nhn lc ngoi S phm cho con em
cc dn tc thuc tnh Thi Nguyn v cc tnh ln cn. Trng c quan h hp tc o
to vi 3 trng Cao ng, i hc v t chc nc ngoi. Qua 45 nm xy dng
v trng thnh, n nay Nh trng c 10 n v Phng, Khoa, Trung tm v T trc
thuc; c 133 cn b, ging vin, nhn vin. Trong , trnh tin s, thc s chim trn
80% s ging vin ng lp. Tng s hc sinh, sinh vin v hc vin ca nh trng
nm hc 2012 2013 c trn 5000. D kin trong nhng nm hc ti, quy m o to
ca Nh trng s tip tc c m rng hn na ph hp vi nh hng pht trin
ca nh trng & thc tin, nhu cu ca x hi.

3.2. Nhu cu s dng & hin trng h thng thng tin ca trng Cao ng
S phm Thi Nguyn.
3.2.1. Nhu cu s dng.
Cng ngh thng tin (CNTT) l cng c c lc h tr i mi phng php ging dy,
hc tp v h tr i mi qun l gio dc, gp phn nhm nng cao hiu qu v cht
lng gio dc.
Vi c th mt trng Cao ng s phm , mi nm trng Cao ng S phm Thi
Nguyn c nhim v o to khong 5000 hc sinh sinh vin(trong tuyn sinh mi
mi nm trn 1000 hc sinh sinh vin) cc bc hc c trnh t Trung hc S phm
n Cao ng s phm chnh quy, Trung hc n Cao ng ngoi s phm v lit kt
o to h i hc va hc va lm. Nhu cu ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong qun
l, ging dy, kim tra, nh gi kt qu hc tp...v cc cng tc ca Nh trng tr
thnh mt nhu cu khng th thiu.
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V pha hc sinh-sinh vin, trong cc mn hc, vi s c mt ca cc ng dng CNTT,

cc bi ging in t gip cc em c th tip nhn bi hc nhanh chng , hiu qu, tng
kh nng tch cc, ch ng tham gia hc tp; d dng cp nht, khai thc kho tri thc
chung ca nhn loi bng cc cng c a phng tin, gp phn tip cn hnh thc hc
tp mi: hc tp da vo my tnh.... t gp phn nng cao hiu qu hc tp
V pha ging vin, ng dng CNTT gip gio vin xy dng c bi ging sinh ng
thu ht s tp trung ca ngi hc , d dng th hin c cc phng php s phm
khc nhau, thc hin nh gi v lng gi hc tp ton din, khch quan ngay trong qu
trnh hc. Vi vic c cung cp nhng phng tin lm vic hin i (mng Internet,
cc loi t in in t, cc sch in t, th in t,) gp phn nng cao tim lc
ca ging vin; gp phn i mi phng php dy hc,thun tin trao i v ti liu,
bi ging vi cc ng nghip qua cc ngn hng bi son trn cc trang web, din n
dnh cho ging vin....
Trong cng tc qun l o to, thanh tra, kho th, ti chnh, th vin ...ca Nh trng.
CNTT v nhng ng dng ca n cng th hin r rt vai tr v tm nh hng to
ln, vi cc phn mm chuyn bit phc v gii quyt cng vic c thun tin, chnh
xc, tit kim thi gian so vi phng php lm vic th cng vn c. Vi xu th pht
trin ca Nh trng, nhng nhu cu nh: Xy dng mt h thng Email ni b chy
trn my ch mang tn min ca nh trng phc v cho cng tc trao i vn bn, ti
liu...m bo c tnh cht an ton thng tin v hiu qu cng vic ca Nh trng ;
Xy dng mt h thng qun l o to chy trn h thng mng ni b ca Nh trng
vi c s d liu t trn my ch mnh lun m bo kt ni thng sut ti cc my
thnh vin gip chuyn mn ha cng vic o to theo chc nng tng b phn: Ging
dy, o to, nh gi kt qu...i hi cn trin khai nhanh chng, kp thi nng cao
hiu qu cng tc trong Nh trng
Cng vi , vi c th l mt trng Cao ng S phm min ni, cn gp nhiu hn
ch v iu kin c s vt cht, khoa hc cng ngh... vic y nhanh ng dng cng
ngh thng tin trong ging dy & cc cng tc ca Nh trng tr thnh mt nhim v
cp thit hn bao gi ht; phc v c lc cho cng cuc ci cch gio dc, thu hp dn
khong cch, nng cao hn cht lng, a cng tc gio dc min ni bt kp vi min
xui.
Vi c th nh vy, vic xy dng & pht trin mt h thng mng vi cc Server(my
ch) chuyn trch ring bit tng nhim v(trn c s tn dng ti a c nng lc
ca h thng my tnh sn c, m bo c ngun kinh ph u t mc t chi ph
nht...)p ng nhu cu s dng CNTT trong cng tc dy & hc v cc cng vic ca
Nh trng gp phn nng cao hn na hiu qu cng vic ca Nh trng tr thnh
mt nhu cu cp thit v thc s hu ch. o ha my ch l gii php c ngh ti
ng vai tr li gii cho bi ton trn.

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3.2.2. Hin trng h thng thng tin trng Cao ng S phm Thi
Nguyn.

Hnh 3.1: S khi qut hin trng h thng thng tinca Trng CSP Thi
Nguyn
Di y l thng k cc trang thit b c Nh trng trang b cho cc phng ban,
phng chuyn mn, khoa, t trc thuc phc v cho cng tc chuyn mn , nghip
v.
Tng s thit b trang b:
1 my Server IBM x3200 M3 c cu hnh:
+ Processor: Intel Xeon Lynnfield Quad- Core X3430 2.4 GHz 8MB LGA 1156
95W
+ System Memory: 32 GB DDR- 3 1333 MHz ECC Memory
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+ Storage: HDD SAS/SATA 3.5" Hot Swap

+ Network Controller: Dual Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000
+ Power: 1x Power Supply 430 watt
4x3.5" SATA/ SAS Driver Bay
...
300 my tnh bn: Trong 250 my trang b cho cc phng thc hnh tin
hc v trung tm thng tin th vin, 50 my trang b cho cc phng, ban, khoa,
t trc thuc vi cu hnh s dng: CPU Dual Core E5200, Ram 1GB...
15 my tnh xch tay cu hnh: CPU Core 2 Duo T7500, Ram: 2GB...
20 my in, 2 my photo, scan
Cng mt s thit b Switch, Router...
H thng my in hin ti ca Nh trng ang c gn trc tip vo cc my tnh ca
cc phng ban, phng chuyn mn, vn phng khoa, t trc thuc nhng li khng c
c ch qun l tp trung my in, khng xy dng chnh sch trong vic in n.
Trng thc hin kt ni mng ni b (mng LAN) nhng h thng mng LAN cha
chuyn nghip v cc thit b khng tp trung ti Phng Server nn kh khn cho vic
qun l v khc phc s c.
Kt ni internet hin ti ch s dng cho cc nhu cu n gin nh s dng email, qun
tr thng tin trang web ca trng, tra cu, tm kim thng tin,....
Nhu cu kt ni Internet ca ngi dng trong Nh trng tng i cao nhng h thng
mng ca trng li khng c thit b bo mt (Firewall) chuyn dng, dn n vic mt
an ton thng tin l rt cao, d liu c quan d dng b nh cp.
H thng mng Nh trng cha trin khai cng ngh Virtual Private Network (VPN)
nn gy kh khn cho ngi qun tr mng trong vic truy cp x l s c mng t
xa, mt khc, khi mt ngi dng c quyn (Hiu trng, ph hiu trng, Trng
phng,...) c nhu cu truy cp mng ni b t xa ly d liu ca mnh s khng th
thc hin c.
My ch hin ti ca trng c s dng trong vic lu tr v chia s ti nguyn ni
b. iu ny khin cho lng ti nguyn v hiu nng s dng ca my ch cha c
tn dng ti a trong khi nhu cu s dng my ch chuyn trch m nhim thm cc
nhu cu thc tin khc trong Nh trng l mt bi ton ang cn c ngay li gii.

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3.3. Gii php trin khai ng dng o ha my ch vo h thng thng tin

trng Cao ng S phm Thi Nguyn.
3.3.1. Mc tiu gii php.
Xy dng h thng o ha trn mt Server ch nhm

Tit kim ch ph u t mua nhiu Server cng lc

Tit kim khng gian t Server trn t rack cng nh khng gian phng cha
Tit kim in nng,h thng lm mt v cable .
Qun l n gin v tp trung trn mt Server vt l duy nht
D dng trin khai,nng cp v backup h thng.
Gii quyt cc nhu cu thc t ra ca Nh trng( nu trn)

3.3.2. M hnh gii php trin khai.

Xut pht t nhu cu thc t ra ca Nh trng kt hp vi hin trng h tng h
thng thng tin trng Cao ng S phm Thi Nguyn, di y l m hnh gii php
trin khai ng dng o ha my ch vo h thng thng tin Nh trng

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Hnh 3.2: M hnh trin khai ng dng o ha my ch

vo h thng thng tin trng Cao ng S phm Thi Nguyn
Trong m hnh gii php trn, bn my ch dng chy cc dch v thc cht l cc
my ch o c to ra bi cng ngh o ha, s dng chung ti nguyn trn mt my
ch vt l tht nhng vn m bo c y c yu cu v hiu nng v an
ton, bo mt thng tin nh bn my ch ring bit. C th nh sau:
01 my ch qun l ti nguyn(Files Sever): Dng qun l tp trung vic
lu tr, chia s ti nguyn cho h thng thng tin ca Nh trng
01 my ch C s d liu (Database Server): Dng qun l C s d liu
cho cc ng dng ca Nh trng
01 my ch Web Server: Dng lu tr, vn hnh & qun tr website ring
ca Nh trng

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 01 my ch Mail Server: Dng lu tr, vn hnh, qun tr h thng Email

ni b ca Nh trng
Bt k mt my Client no trong m hnh trn u c th truy cp v s dng cc dch
v trn cc my ch (trong phm vi c cp quyn)
V bt k h thng hoc thit b phn cng no cng u c th gp ri ro v h hng
bt thnh lnh, kh c th on trc c nn ng v kha cnh m bo an ton
thng tin & duy tr 24/24 hiu nng lm vic ca h thng,ta tin hnh kt ni my ch
vt l chnh vi mt my ch vt l d phng v s dng cng ngh WMWare High
Availability (VMHA) khi xy ra s c v hng hc my ch vt l hay mt kt ni
mng, ta s di chuyn cc my o t my ch vt l chnh sang my ch vt l d phng
gip cc my o ang my ch vt l b hng chuyn qua my ch vt l d phng v
phc hi tnh trng m khng mt nhiu thi gian cht do khng gy nh hng n
tin trnh hot ng ca h thng, m bo c hiu qu cng vic.

3.4. Yu cu.
a. Phn cng.
H thng thit b phn cng hin c ca Nh trng: 01 Server IBM x3200M3, h thng
PC, Laptop, Printer, Switch, Access point, Router...
b. Phn mm.
S dng b cng c phn mm o ho ca Vmware: Vmware Worskstation; Vmware
ESX Server , Vmware vSphere client , Vmware VCenter , Window Server 2008, Mail
Daemon, Phn mm qun l o to Eduman v mt s ng dng khc thc hin
trin khai Domain , Database Server, Mail Server v Web Server.

3.5. Trin khai h thng.

3.5.1. Ci t Vmware ESX Server.
- Thc hin khi ng Server v boot vo a CD va c burn ra.

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Hnh 3.3: Mn hnh khi ng ci t Vmware ESX 5.0

Nhp vo mt khu s dng qun tr Vmware ESX, sau nhn Enter

Hnh 3.4: Mn hnh nhp mt khu qun tr my ch ESX

Qu trnh ci t s din ra trong vi pht. Mn hnh bo hiu kt thc qu trnh ci t
hin ra, nhn Enter khi ng li Server
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Hnh 3.5: Mn hnh kt thc qu trnh ci t ESX

3.5.2. Cu hnh mng cho my ch ESX Server

Sau khi tri qua qu trnh ci t, h thng khi ng vo Vmware ESXvi giao din
mn hnh nh sau.

Hnh 3.6: Mn hnh chy khi ng my ch ESX

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Nhn F2 v nhp mt khu vo giao din cu hnh ca Vmware ESX

Hnh 3.7: Mn hnh ng nhp my ch ESX

Chn "Configure Management Network", chn Enter

Hnh 3.8: Cu hnh thng s mng cho my ch ESX

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Hnh 3.9: Cu hnh a ch IP tnh, subnet mask v deafault gateway

Hnh 3.10: Mn hnh thot v lu cc thit lp thay i cho my ch ESX

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3.5.3. Qun l t xa bng VM vSphere client.

Chng ta c th ti phn mm VM vSphere client t trang ch Vmware.com v tin
hnh ci t nh mt phn mm bnh thng v ch rng kt ni mng gia my tnh
ci phn mm client ny v my ch esx Server lun thng sut.
Khi ci t xong th khi start chng trnh vsphere client th giao din ca n hin ln.
Lc ny ta in a ch ip ca my ch khi my ch esx v my client trong cng mt
mng. Nu khng cng mt mng m mun truy cp vo Esx Server t xa th phi ng
k mt host name vi ip tr v a ch ca my Esx Server v phi m mt s port trn
modem.

Hnh 3.11: Chng trnh Vsphere Client

Khi kt ni thnh cng n Esx Server th ta c th thao tc trn my ch Esx Server.
Thc ra y mi l giao din lm vic chnh ca ngi qun tr, giao din linux ch s
dng khc phc cc s c hoc bt tt mt s dch v hoc ng dng no . Vi
vSphere client ta c th khi to, cu hnh v theo di hot ng ca cc my o mt
cch linh hot v tp trung. Vic ny rt d dng cho qun l tp trung v trin khai cc
my o mt cch nhanh chng.

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Hnh 3.12: Giao din kt ni Esx Server

3.5.4. Khi to my o.
Trong giao din kt ni ca vSphere client to mt my o th ht sc n gin: Nhp
chut phi vo a ch ca Esx Server v chn New Virtual Machine.

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Hnh 3.13: Khi to my o

Mt hp thoi xut hin i hi bn chn kiu cu hnh in hnh hay ty chn cc kiu
cu hnh theo yu cu ca bn. Chn typical ri chn Next.

Hnh 3.14: Hp thoi chn kiu cu hnh

Hp thoi yu cu nhp tn ca my o m bn ang to. Tn ny s hin th trn giao
din ca vSphere client khi truy cp vo my ch Esx Server. Nhp tn ty ri chn
Next.

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Hnh 3.15: Hp thoi t tn Server

Hp thoi yu cu bn chn ni lu tr d liu ca bn. Thng th ta chn a cng
mc nh. Chn Next

Hnh 3.16: Hp thoi chn ni lu tr

Mt hp thoi la chn h iu hnh m bn s ci t trn my o. Chn mt h iu
hnh tng ng ri chn Next.

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Hnh 3.17: Hp thoi chn h iu hnh

Hp thoi yu cu phn chia a cng xut hin cho php bn cp cho my o ca bn
mt dung lng cng nht nh trn cng ca my ch Esx Server. Ty nhu cu lm
vic v lu tr m bn chn dung lng cho thch hp. Chn Next

Hnh 3.18: Hp thoi chn dung lng cng

Hp thoi tng quan cc cu hnh lu chn m bn thit lp. Mc nh my Esx
Server s cp cho cc my o mt lng ram nht nh. Bn c th tng thm hoc gim
bt nhng tt nht l hy mc nh cho Esx Server t iu chnh. Chn OK xc
nhn qu trnh thit lp hon tt .

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Hnh 3.19: Hp thoi cu hnh chn

Nh vy to xong mt my o. cho my o ny hot ng th cn ci t h iu
hnh v cc ng dng cho n.

Hnh 3.20: Kt thc cu hnh my o

Click chut phi vo tn my o va to v chn power. Ta s thy rng y c nhiu
la chn qun l cc my o t xa rt d dng . khi ng my o chn power on.

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Hnh 3.21: Khi ng my o

My o c khi ng s bt u qu trnh tm kim cc file khi ng v cha c h
iu hnh nn my o cha th khi ng c. ci t h iu hnh vo my o th
c th cho a vo cd/dvd driver trn my ch Esx Server, hoc c th ci bng cc file
ISO trn chnh my m bn ang s dng phn mm qun l Vsphere client bng cch
chn connect ISO image on local disk. Sau khi chn bm t hp phm Ctrl+Alt+Del
khi ng li my o.lc ny vic ci h iu hnh s ging nh lc ci t bnh thng.

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Hnh 3.22: Kt ni vi image h iu hnh

3.5.5 . Qun l v theo di cc my o .

Summary : Cho php theo di tng qut qu trnh s dng ti nguyn trn my ch nh
xung nhp cpu, b nh ram, cng lu tr.

Hnh 3.23: Tng quan h thng

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Virtual Machine : Cho php theo di v so snh c th hot ng v hiu sut s dng
ti nguyn my ch ca tng my o.

Hnh 3.24: Hot ng ca my o

Resource allocation : Cho php theo di qu trnh phn phi ti nguyn ca my ch
Esx Server n tng my o.

Hnh 3.25: Qu trnh phn phi ti nguyn ti cc my o

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Performance : Biu biu din cc xung nhp cpu qua tng thi gian khc nhau. Cho
php so snh hiu sut qua tng giai on.

Hnh 3.26: S qu trnh hot ng ca CPU

Configuration : Cho php theo di tnh trng cc thit b phn cng xem c thit b no
b li hay h hng khng. Nu c du hiu bt thng th h thng s hin th cc bng
thng bo alert hoc warning n ngi s dng.

Hnh 3.27: Tnh trng phn cng

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3.5.6. Trin khai cc my ch cho h thng.

3.5.6.1. My ch c s d liu (Database Server).
Trn my ch o ESX th nht, tin hnh ci t phn mm qun tr C s d liu SQL
Server lu tr v chy C sd liu cacc phn mm ng dng trong mng. Trong
m hnh th nghim, thc hin lu tr v kt ni vi C s d liu ca phn mm Qun
l o to EduMan thc thi phn mm ny trong h thng mng ca trng.
a. Qun tr Microsoft SQL Server
Sau khi ci t thnh cng, khi ng Microsoft SQL Server, sau chn mc (Local)
Windows NT

Hnh 3.28: Ca s Databases trong Microsoft SQL Server

Thc hin a c s d liu c sn vo trong Database ca Microsoft SQL Server bng
thao tc Restore

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Hnh 3.29: Thc hin Restore C s d liu vo Microsoft SQL Server

Chn tp tin cha c s d liu ca phn mm l EduMan Restore. C s d liu
c Restore thnh cng s hin ra trong Databases ca Microsoft SQL Server nh hnh
di y

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Hnh 3.30: C s d liu chy phn mm Eduman

b. Trin khai phn mm qun l o to Eduman s dng c s d liu chy trn
SQL Server.
Tng quan v phn mm qun l o to EduMan.
EduMan l phn mm qun l o to ng dng cho cc h o to i hc, Cao ng,
Trung cp da trn quy ch hin hnh ca B Gio dc & o to v B Lao ng
Thng binh & X hi. Phn mm c bit ph hp vi cc trng o to cng lc
nhiu h khc nhau. Phn mm c cc chc nng chnh sau

Tuyn sinh, xt tuyn, phn lp

Qun l Hc sinh - Sinh vin
Qun l chng trnh o to
Qun l thi kha biu v tin ging dy
Qun l o to
Qun l im
Qun l hc ph
Qun l cp bng tt nghip
H tr trang web SV tra cu im trn mng s dng cng nghASP.Net v
PHP.
Cc chc nng khc
EduMan cho php phn quyn s dng theo cc mc:
Nhn vin phng o to: Xt tuyn; phn lp; nhp im; in cc loi danh
sch, bng im; xt iu kin ln lp, thi tt nghip, tt nghip,...
Nhn vin phng qun l HS-SV: Nhp h s sinh vin; lc thng tin sinh vin;
in bng im xt hc bng; nhp im rn luyn,...
Nhn vin phng ti v: Nhp hc ph; in bng k danh sch np hc ph; ...
Gio v khoa: Cc chc nng c p dng trn cc lp thuc khoa qun l.
Gio vin ging dy: Mi gio vin b mn c phn quyn nhp im cc
mn hc ging dy ngay ti trng hoc ti nh bng cch s dng mt module
phn mm i km. D liu nhp ti nh c th d dng Import vo CSDL ca
phn mm ti trng.
Gio vin ch nhim: Ngoi thc hin mt s cng vic i vi cc mn hc
ging dy th gio vin ch nhim lp cn c th thc hin thm mt s thao
tc i vi lp c phn cng ch nhim nh nhp kt qu rn luyn, chc v
sinh vin, khen thng k lut.
Trin khai s dng Eduman trn cc my client s dng c s d
liu kt ni vi SQL Server
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Sau khi ci t thnh cng trn my Client, xut hin ca s cho php ta ng nhp vo
Edu Man

Hnh 3.31: Ca s khi ng Eduman trn my Client

Phn mm tin hnh kt ni n Database t trn Server. Qu trnh kt ni thnh cng
hin ra thng bo cho nhp ng nhp vo h thng

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Hnh 3.32: Ca s ng nhp h thng

ng nhp thnh cng, hin ra ca s lm vic ca chng trnh

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Hnh 3.33: Ca s lm vic ca Eduman vi User Admin

Hnh 3.34: ng nhp phn mm vi user P.Daotao

3.5.6.2. My ch Mail Server.
ci t mt Mail Server th trc ht phi ci cc component h tr. Vo Control
panel -> add/remove program-> add/remove window component. Chn ci t thm
dch v SMTP Service .

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Hnh 3.35: Ci t cc component cn thit

Sau khi ci cc component b xung hon tt ta tin hnh ci t mail Mdeamon lm mail
Server .Qu trnh ci t bnh thng n khi hon tt.

Hnh 3.36: Giao din Mdeamon Mail Server

Trn mail Server to cc ti khong cho ngi dng v d nh l user1 v user2, dungnv
y l mail admin trong lc ci t khi to.

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Hnh 3.37 : To ngi dng trong my ch mail

kim tra qu trnh gi v nhn th .t mt my tnh ca user1 g vo trnh duyt web
a ch http://192.168.101.241:3000 y port 3000 l port ca webclient ca Mdeamon
mail Server. ng nhp bng ti khong user1 v tin hnh gi mail cho user2 v mt
ti khong mail khc ngoi internet kim tra qu trnh kt ni.

Hnh 3.38: Gi mail t user1

Ti my ca user2 g vo trnh duyt web a ch
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http://192.168.101.241:3000 v ng nhp bng ti khong user2 kim tra th.

Hnh 3.39: Kim tra th ti user2

Ta thy user2 nhn c th ca user1
3.5.6.3. My ch Web Server.
dng Web Server th ta phi ci t thm phn b tr l IIS service. Vo control
panel chn add/remove program chn tip add/remove window component.

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Hnh 3.40: Ci t cc component cn thit

Trong phn internet information services IIS chn details

Hnh 3.41: Chn cc component

Check vo file transfer protocol ftp service v world wide web service v chn ok
tin hnh ci t cc component ny.

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Hnh 3.42: Kim tra Web Server

3.5.7. nh gi hiu qu cng tc trin khai h thng.

3.5.7.1. Cng vic thc hin.
Ci t phn mm o ha Vmware ESX Server trn my ch vt l v thit lp
nn 3 my ch o.
Ci t cc dch v ring bit ln tng my ch o:
+ Web Server: Trang web ring ca trng c tn min ni b cdspthainguyen.net
+ Mail Server: Xy dng H thng Mail Server ni b vi tn min mailcdsptn.net
+ Database Server & Applications Server: Ci t my ch chy c s d liu SQL kt
ni n phn mm qun l o to Eduman.
Tin hnh kt ni h thng my ch o chy th nghim trn mng Lan gm 4
my Client.
3.5.7.2. Hiu qu t c.
H thng c ng dng cng ngh o ha my ch gip tn dng c ti a ngun
ti nguyn phn cng ca my ch vt l; ngi dng trn cc my Client(trong phm
vi c cp quyn) c s dng nhiu dch v hu ch hn nh c cc my ch chuyn
trch cung cp cc dch v khc nhau, t gp phn nng cao hiu sut & hiu qu
trong cng vic.
Xt v gc qun l, trong mi trng o ha s lng cng vic c s thay i, cng
vic qun l phc tp hn so vi mi trng truyn thng. Tuy nhin sau mt thi gian
cng vi s m rng quy m ca h thng, vi k hoch qun l c lp r rng, cn
thn th cng vic qun l s tr nn d dng hn rt nhiu. c bit l hu ht cc thao
tc qun tr u c th thc hin bng cch s dng phn mm qun l t xa.
o ha mang ti nhiu li ch nhng cng dn ti mt s nguy c bo mt mi do vy
phi thng xuyn cp nht cc t hp iu phi o ha cng nh cc cng c qun tr
t xa v c chin lc an ninh tt.

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Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: o ho my ch
Bin tp bi: Nguyn Vit Dng
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/fa4a5cbc
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Tng quan v o ho my ch
Cc tc gi:
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/m/242ab340/1
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: CNG NGH O HO MY CH VI VMWARE ESX SERVER
Cc tc gi:
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/m/16fe4446/1
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: XY DNG M HNH NG DNG O HA MY CH TI TRNG
CAO NG S PHM THI NGUYN
Cc tc gi:
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/m/cdc153e1/1
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam

Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (Vietnam Open Educational Resources
VOER) c h tr bi Qu Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca chng trnh l xy dng kho
Ti nguyn gio dc M min ph ca ngi Vit v cho ngi Vit, c ni dung phong
ph. Cc ni dung u tun th Giy php Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) 4.0
do cc ni dung u c th c s dng, ti s dng v truy nhp min ph trc
ht trong trong mi trng ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu sau cho ton x hi.
Vi s h tr ca Qu Vit Nam, Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (VOER) tr thnh
mt cng thng tin chnh cho cc sinh vin v ging vin trong v ngoi Vit Nam. Mi
ngy c hng chc nghn lt truy cp VOER (www.voer.edu.vn) nghin cu, hc
tp v ti ti liu ging dy v. Vi hng chc nghn module kin thc t hng nghn
tc gi khc nhau ng gp, Th Vin Hc liu M Vit Nam l mt kho tng ti liu
khng l, ni dung phong ph phc v cho tt c cc nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu ca
c gi.
Ngun ti liu m phong ph c trn VOER c c l do s chia s t nguyn ca cc
tc gi trong v ngoi nc. Qu trnh chia s ti liu trn VOER tr ln d dng nh
m 1, 2, 3 nh vo sc mnh ca nn tng Hanoi Spring.
Hanoi Spring l mt nn tng cng ngh tin tin c thit k cho php cng chng d
dng chia s ti liu ging dy, hc tp cng nh ch ng pht trin chng trnh ging
dy da trn khi nim v hc liu m (OCW) v ti nguyn gio dc m (OER) . Khi
nim chia s tri thc c tnh cch mng c khi xng v pht trin tin phong
bi i hc MIT v i hc Rice Hoa K trong vng mt thp k qua. K t , phong
tro Ti nguyn Gio dc M pht trin nhanh chng, c UNESCO h tr v c
chp nhn nh mt chng trnh chnh thc nhiu nc trn th gii.

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