TERMINOLOGY

MEDIAN- The middle # when the #s are listed in ORDER. If 2 #s are in the
middle then average them
1 3 5 6 (median is 4)

MODE- The most frequently occurring #
EXP 1 3 5 6 9 5 4 (mode is 5)

MEAN The average of the terms

RECIPROCAL Inverese
A number that u multiply by to get one
Exp. 3 =

RECIPROCAL FRACTION
Exp. Reciprocal of X = 1 / (X/Y) = Y/X
Y
NEGATIVE RECIPROCALS Flip and negate it = inverse negative
EXP. 3= -


NUMBERS TO KNOW

0 is not negative or positive but it is EVEN

Pythagorean Triplets (3,4,5) (5,12,13)
Also look for (6,8, 10) (9, 12, 15)

SQUARE YARDS
1 square yard = 9 feet

KNOW POWERS OF 2
2^0 = 1
2^1=2
2^2= 4
2^3=8
2^4=16
2^5=32
2^6= 64
2^7=128
2^8=256
2^9=512
2^10=1024
2^11=2048

PRIME NUMBERS : MEMORIZE UP TO 20
2
3
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
29
31
37
41
43
47
53
61
67
71
73
79
83
89
97


PRIME NUMBERS : MEMORIZE UP TO 20
2
3
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
29
31
37
41
43
47
53
61
67
71
73
79
83
89
97


PRIME FACTORIZATION:
Which prime #s when multiplied together give the original #
EXP 12 = 6 2

3 2 SO prime factorization is 3 2 2

GCF the biggest # that will divide into 2 terms
Step 1) Take Prime Factorization of both #s
Step 2) Circle all the Factors in common
Step 3) Multiply Factors together to get GCF

Exp. What is GCF of 12 and 18
18 = 9 2 (for 12 see above)
SO prime factorization is 3 2 2
3 3 SO Prime Factorization is 3 3 2
Common Factors 3, 2
GCF = 3 2 = 6

LCM- Smallest # that both #s will divide into
Take Prime Factorzation
Circle all the factors that are the same
Multiply all the prime factors but only multiply circled ones once
Exp. LCM 12 and 18 = 3 3 2 2 = 36






PLUG IN #s
If you have variables in the answer choices you can try plugging in #s

Step 1 - let each variable equal a simple # and write it down
Step 2- Solve the question using your #s and circle the answer
Step 3- Plug the same #s into the answer choices and look for circled answer

Note: If more then one answer choice works, try new #s and test any answer
choices that were not eliminated the first time


USE W/ Problems like :
SALARY Jack spends 2/3 of salary on rent and of remainder on
groceries, and saves rest---how much does he save? (plug in 300)
or 1/3

AREA If rectangles width is increased by 10% and length is decreased
by 10% the original are is decreased by what %? (Plug in 100)

PRICE Difference like cars price is increased by 10% then decreased by
10% what precent does the cars original price decrease.

FRACTIONS like MSR 4
BALL AND FRUIT QUESTIONS
AGE DIFFERENCE QUESTIONS
a-b=b-c=c-d=d-e=2 what does a-e= ?
6-4=4-2=2-0=0- -2= 2 6 - -2 = 8

COLUMN A/B
When comparing variable test different #s
Big= 100
Fraction =
One=1
Negative= -2
Zero=0

HOW MANY DIFFERENT DASH METHOD
step 1) draw a Dash for each spot
step 2) above each spot write the # of possibilities
step 3) multiply

*******IF ORDER DOESNT MATTER teams, committees
1) fill in slots as usual
2) underneath fill in the slots starting with 1 and incrementing up
3) divide the bottom into top
exp. Picking a team of 3 from 5 possible people (how many possible
teams)
5 4 3
1 2 3
reduces to 5 2 1 = 10
1 1 1

ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
A1 = 1
st
term, A2 = second term, An = nth term, D= difference between
any 2 terms
Formula----- An= A1 + (n -1)D

SUM OF CONSECUTIVE INTERGERS
A) (First # + Last #) (# of pairs)
a1 + a2 ( (a2-a1 + 1)/2)
exp. To find sum of 10 through 100
110 ( 100 + 10 +1 / 2) = 5005

B) cancel out if possible

Exp. Sum of consecutive intergers 1 through 58 , subtracted from sum of
consecutive intergers 1-60
Since 1-60 includes 1-58, all that is left is 59 and 60
So answer is 59 +60 = 119

C) Sum of Consecutive Integers: Starting with a negative # going
through a positive #
they cancel each other out in value
exp. n to n = 0
Exp. -10 through +12 = 11+12 = 23

RANGE
Step 1) If it is BETWEEN means not including
last # - first # -1
RANGE= n2-n1 -1

If it is THROUGH or INCLUSIVE
Last # - First # +1
RANGE= n2 n1 + 1

Step 2) Divide by given # to find # of multiples

*NOTE If # of multiples is ODD and begins and ends with an even, there
will be one less odd then even and vice versa

RANGE (sum of evens or sum of odds)
Biggest # / 2 = sum of evens sum of odds

RATIOS
1) ratios are division exp. a:b , a to b = a/b

2) RATIO + TOTAL
If given a ratio and a total and asked to split total into a given
ratio do the following
i) put an X after each # in the ratio
ii) ADD Xs and set equal to the total
iii) Solve for X
iv) Multiply by ratio

COMBINED AVERAGES

Step 1: find Total of each group by multiply average and # of things
Step 2: ADD the totals together
Step 3: divide by total # of things (not groups)

PERCENT CHANGE (increase/decrease)
Difference/Original 100 = percent change

PRECENT ORIGINAL AMOUNT
Original + % increase of original = new price
X + n% of X = new price

PROPORTIONS AT THIS RATE
Look for phrase at this rate or things being done in a certain amount
of time or scale questions
Use formula unit 1/ unit 2 = unit 1 / unit 2

WORK (MAN HOURS)
# of man hours = n1 t
n1 t1 = n2 t2
exp. if it takes 6 men 16 hours to do work then how many hours
does it take to men?
6 16 = 10 t2
t2 = 9.6

AVERAGE SPEED
Average speed = TOTAL DISTANCE TOTAL TIME

D=RT RACE
D= R faster T faster = R slower (T faster Extra Time)

Plug R faster R slower and Extra Time into Equation for T faster
To find D multiply R faster and T faster together

Note: convert Extra Time so that it matches the time in the value.
Usually you will convert to hours Divide by 60

D=RT (same direction)
1) let D = the head start of the slower
2) let Rate= Faster Slower
3) Plug in D= RT solve for T

Or Subtract rates and divide into distance of headstart
EXP. MSR #30

D=RT (opposite direction)
ADD rates and divide into distance

Q 5.5 in MSR #2
18 T = 10 (T + 2/60) = 10T + 20/60

18 T = 10 T + 1/3
8T = 1/3
T = 1/24

REVOLUTIONS
TOTAL DISTANCE = # of revolutions 2 r

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
ax^2 +bx +c =0

QUADRATIC FUNCTION
The solutions for the quadratic equation
ax^2 +bx +c =0
Are also the zeros for the quadratic function
f(x) = ax^2 +bx +c
Since they are the values of X for which
f(x) = 0
If a, b, and c are real #s and the domain of f is the set of real #s, then the
zeros of f are exactly the x-coordinates of the points where the graph
touches X-axis
EXP: For the quadratic function:
f (x) = x
2
x 2 = (x + 1)(x 2) of a real variable x, the x-coordinates of the
points where the graph intersects the x-axis, x = 1 and x = 2, are the roots of the
quadratic equation: x
2
x 2 = 0.



DIFFERENCE OF SQUARES
X^2 Y^2 = (X+ Y) (X-Y)

FOIL/FACTOR
(a + b)^2 = a^2 +2ab +b^2
(a-b)^2 = a^2 -2ab +b^2

ROOTS OF AN EQUATION : the values of x that make it equal to zero
Exp. X^2 X- 6 = 0
(x-3) (x+2)
X-3=0 X+2=0
X=3 X= -2
Roots are 3 & -2

GCF ---
GCF of a^2 +ab = a(a+b)

INEQUALITIES
Solve like regular algebraic equation EXCEPT when you multiply or
divide by a NEGATIVE you muss flip the greater then less then sign
X^2 =2 then X= n ALSO X^2 0
FRACTIONS


MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS
Multiply across
a/b c/d = ac/bd

DIVIDING FRACTIONS
rule: invert the second term and multiply
x/y a/b = x/y a/b = bx/ay

FRACTIONS WITHIN A FRACTION = DIVISION
(s/t) = (s/t)
n (n/1)

s 1 = s
t n tn

EXP = = 1 4 =1 1 = 1
4 (4/1) 2 1 2 4 8


RECIPROCAL FRACTION
exp. Reciprocal of X = 1 / (X/Y) = Y/X
Y

FRACTIONS RAISED TO A POWER
fractions between 0 and 1 get smaller as they are taken to higher power

FRACTIONS ALGEBRA
Multiply everything by denominator of fraction to get rid of it
X 1/Y = (Y/Y) X 1/Y
= XY/Y 1/Y = XY-1
Y

OR : let X=1 Y=2

RATIONALIZING THE DENOMINATOR
If you have a in the denominator you can rationalize (the form you
will probably be given in the answer choices) by MULTIPYING the
NUMERATOR AND DENOMINATOR by the square root

X = X 3 = X3
3 3 3 3


POWER & EXPONENT RULES
KNOW POWERS OF 2
2^0 = 1 2^1=2 2^2= 4 2^3=8 2^4=16 2^5=32
2^6= 64 2^7=128 2^8=256 2^9=512 2^10=1024

0 raised to any power = 0
Exp 0^37= 0

FRACTIONS between 0 and 1 get smaller as they are taken to a higher power

1 raised to any power = 1
Exp 1^27=1

Any # raised by a power of 0 = 1
Exp 2^0= 1
2^1= 1 36^0 = 1

When adding or subtracting DO NOT add or subtract exponents
Exp 2^2 + 2^2 2^4

When adding or subtracting with the same bases add or subtract the
coefficient and carry the exponent
Exp 2x^2 + 3x^2 = 5x^2

Multiplying or dividing w/ equal bases
-when multiplying, add the exponents
X^3 X^4= X^(4+3) =X^7
Exp. 3^6 3^2 = 3(6+2) = 3^8

- when dividing subtract the exponents
X^4 / X^3 = X^(4-3) = X^1
3^6/ 3^2 = 3^(6-2) = 3^4

When multiplying or dividing unequal bases you must do it the old-fashioned
way

DISTRIBUTING EXPONENTS
(a b)^n = a^n b^n
exp. (20)^6 = (4 5) ^6 = 4^6 5^6

RAISING AN EXPONENT TO AN EXPONENT
-multiply the exponents
(X^4)^3 = X ^(43) +X^12
exp. (3^2)^4 = 3^(42) = 3^8


NEGATIVE EXPONENTS
A^-B = 1
A^B

FRACTIONAL EXPONENTS
A^ (x/y) = ^y (A^x) = (^ya)^x

A = A^

^3A = A ^

Exp. (36/25) ^(3/2)
= (( 36/25))^3 = (6/5)^3 = 216/ 125

Exp. ^4X^3 = (X^3)^
= X ^

NEGATIVE & FRACTIONAL EXPONENT

Exp. (64/27) ^(-2/3) = 1/ (64/27) ^2/3
= 1 / ^3((64/27)^2)
=1/ (4/3)^2
= 1 / (16/9)
= 1/1 9/16
= 9/16


SQUARE ROOTS
a = a^

CUBE ROOTS
^3a = a^



INEQUALITIES
Solve like regular algebraic equation EXCEPT when you multiply or
divide by a NEGATIVE you muss flip the greater then less then sign
X^2 =2 then X= n ALSO X^2 0







ROOTS AND RADICALS

SIMPLIFYING RADICALS
If multiplying :
(a b) = a b

exp. 200 = (1002)
=102

If dividing :
(a/b) = a / b
NOT USED TO SIMPLIFY IF ADDING
(a+b) a + b



SQUARE ROOTS
MULTIPLYING SQUARE ROOTS
AB means A B

Get rid of square roots by squaring both sides
Exp. 32 so (32)^2 = 3^2 2 2 = 9 2 = 18

2 2 = 2

x = x^

GEOMETRY

TRIANGLE RULES

Isosceles= 2 equal sides, 2 equal angels
A= ( b^2/4) + h^2
B= 2(a^2 h^2)
H= a^2 (b^2/4)

Equilateral= equal sides, equal angels (60)
Height = s3 / 2
Area = s^23/4

Right Triangle Rules

Isosceles Right Triangle
Angels = 45 : 45 : 90
Sides = x : x : x2 or 1 : 1 : 2

30-60-90 Right Triangles
sides = 1 : 3 : 2 or X : X3 : 2X

All other Right Triangles use Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean Theorem
a^2 + b^2 = c^2

special pythagorean triplets
(3, 4, 5) also look out for (6,8,10) etc.
(5, 12, 13)
(8, 15,17


NON-RIGHT TRIANGLES
To verify possible sides:
-Take biggest side and make sure that it is LESS than the sum of the
other two sides BUT GREATER then difference of the other two sides

(a-b) < c < (a+b)
exp. If the smaller sides are 7 and 11, the biggest side (X) = 4<X <18


SQUARES
Area = S^2 P
Perimeter =4S
Diagonal= S2

CUBES
Surface area = 6S^2 (where S=side)
Volume = S^3


LONGEST DIAGONAL OF A RECTANGULAR SOLID
(L^2 + W^2 + H^2)

POLYGONS

Sum of interior angles of polygon with n sides
(n-2) 180

Perimeter of a regular polygon
P= (n) (s)
-where n= # of sides s=side length

Area of a regular polygon = a P
- a = distance from center to side (see picture)

TRAPEZOID
Area= ((s1 + s2)/2) h

PARALLELOGRAM
Base Height = Area

MAXIMUM AREA RULE
-IF PERIMETERS are the same and shapes are regular, then the one with
the greatest # of sides will enclose the most area

MAXIMUM INTERSECTION RULE
-The Maximum # of intersecting points of a polygon and a circle
= 2 # of sides

CIRCLE RULES
Circumference = 2r or D
Area = r^2


ARC/ Sector
Arc/Circumference(2r) = Angle/360

Sector/Area (2^2) = Angle/360
CYLINDERS
V=r^2h
SA= 2r^2 + 2rh

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
DISTANCE FORMULA (x2- x1)^2 + (y2-y1)^2

SLOPE = Rise/ Run = y2 y1 / x2- x1
Parallel lines have the same slope
Perpendicular lines are negative reciprocal
Horizontal lines have slope of 0
45 = 1/-1


SHADED REGION
IF you see a SHADED REGION or the words SHADED REGIONS use the
TACOS formula
Total Area Cut Out = Shaded
Area of square Area of Circle

REVOLUTIONS
TOTAL DISTANCE = # of revolutions 2 r