HNG DN GII THI TH I HC LN 3 - MN SINH

Nm hc 2012 - 2013
1) F1 c kiu gen d hp 2 cp gen quy nh s di truyn ca 2 cp tnh trng tng phn, tri ln hon ton. F1
t th phn c F2 gm 4 kiu hnh, 16 kiu t hp; trong kiu hnh mang 2 tnh trng tri chim 70,25%...
F2 : (A_B_) = 70,25% , vy (A_bb) + (aaB_) + aabb = 29,75%.
t x = (A_bb) = (aaB_). y = aabb => 2x + y = 0,2975 (1).
x +y = 0,25 => y = 0,25 - x (2). T (1) v (2) , x = 0,0475. Vy t l KH mang 1 tnh trng tri (A_bb) +
(aaB_) = 2x = 9,5%.
2) mt loi thc vt,chiu cao cy do 5 cp gen khng alen tc ng cng gp
F2, cy cao 190 cm c 6 alen tri chim t l

6
10

/210 = 105/512.

1 gen tri 1 kiu hnh. 10 gen tri 10 kiu hnh + 1 KH ng hp ln = 11 kiu hnh.
3) Mt ngi ph n nhm mu AB kt hn vi mt ngi n ng nhm mu A ...
V IAIB x chng IAIO con : 2/4 mu A : 1/4 mu AB : 1/4 mu B.
1
Xc sut 1 con c nhm mu A, a khc c nhm mu B l : C 2 .2/4. 1/4 = 1/4.
4) mt loi thc vt, gen quy nh ht di tri hon ton so vi alen quy nh ht trn; gen quy nh ht chn
sm tri hon ton so vi alen quy nh ht chn mun
F1 , qu trn, chn mun chim t l 4% = 20% ab x 20% ab . Vy 20% ab l giao t hon v.
Ab
Ab
P:
x
. F1: ht di, chn mun = 21%.
aB
aB
S cy ht di, chn mun i con l (144 x 21%) / 4% = 756 cy.
5) Xt 3 gen ca mt loi, mi gen u c 2 alen
- gen th nht v gen th hai cng nm trn cp NST thng, to ra : 2.2 [ (2.2) + 1 ]/ 2 = 10 kiu gen.
- gen cn li nm trn NST X, s kiu gen gii c cp XX = 10 x 3 = 30; gii c cp XY = 10 x2 = 20.
- s kiu giao phi : 20 x 30 = 600.
6) rui gim, tnh trng mt trng do gen ln nm trn NST gii tnh X vng khng tng ng vi Y...
P : XAXa x XAY con : 1/4 XAXA :1/4 XAY : 1/4XAXa :1/4 XaY. Cho F1 tp giao :
- 1/4 XAXA x 1/4 XAY => 4/64 mt .
- 1/4 XAXA :1/4 XaY => 4/64 mt .
- 1/4 XAXa :1/4 XAY => 3/64 mt : 1/64 mt trng.
- 1/4 XAXa :1/4 XaY => 2/64 mt : 2/64 mt trng.
F2 : 13 : 3 trng.
7) ng 2n = 20 NST, bit rng cc cp nhim sc th c ngun gc khc nhau
2n = 20 => 10 cp NST. 1 cp TC ti 1 im 4 giao t = 22 . 6 cp TC ti 1 im (22)6 = 212
Mi cp cn li gim phn bnh thng 21 giao t. 4 cp 24 giao t.
Vy 212 . 24 = 216 loi giao t.
8) Cho bit mi cp tnh trng do mt cp gen quy nh v di truyn tri ln hon ton; nu xy ra hon v gen
c hai bn vi tn s 20%...
- xt cp gen Aa x Aa 3/4 (A_).
BD
Bd
- xt cp gen
x
, f = 20% hon v 2 bn.
bd
bD

40% bd x 10% bd = 4%. Vy t l kiu hnh A-bbdd i con chim t l : 4% x 3/4 = 3% .

9) Mt gen gm 3 alen to ra trong qun th 4 loi kiu hnh khc nhau...
Gi s gen gm 3 alen ( 2 alen tri v 1 alen ln) A 1, A 2 v a. A 1= A 2 = a = 1/3. Giao phi t do, ngu nhin.
Chn lm ging l cc t hp gen ng hp tri A 1 A 1 + A 2 A 2 chim 2/9.
10) Cu trc ca qun th qua 3 th h t th phn I3 l : 0,35 AA+ 0,1Aa + 0, 55aa = 1
Io : xAA + yAa + zaa = 1.
- Aa = y.(1/2)3 = 0,1 => y = 0,8.
- AA = x + y.[1 (1/2)3]/2 = 0,35. => x = 0. Chn 0,8Aa : 0,2aa .
11) Cho cu trc di truyn qun th nh sau: 0,2AABb : 0,2 AaBb : 0,3aaBB : 0,3aabb
xt gen A , P : 0,2AA + 0,2Aa + 0,6aa . Vy a = 0,7 => aa = 0,49.
- xt gen B :0,3BB + 0,4Bb + 0,3bb. Vy b = 0,5 => bb = 0,25.
- F1: aabb = 0,49. 0,25 = 12,25% .
12) Gi s nng lng ng ha ca cc sinh vt d dng trong mt chui thc n ...
- HSST gia bc 3 v 2 : 10,18%.
- HSST gia bc 4 v 3 : 7,5%.
- HSST gia bc 5 v 4 : 7,85%.
HSST cng cao, tht thot nng lng cng thp.
Vy tht thot cao nht gia bc dinh dng 4 v 3, thp nht gia bc dinh dng 3 v 2.
13) C 4 phn t ADN nhn i mt s ln bng nhau hnh thnh cc phn t ADN con...
Mt pt ADN nhn i x ln to 2x pt ADN trong c (2x . 2 2) mch n mi.
4. (2x . 2 2)= 56 x = 3
14) Mt gen c 150 chu k xon, trong c s nucltit loi G bng 2/3 s nucltit loi A...
N = 150.20 = 3000, 2A + 2G = 3000, G= 2/3 A
A=T= 900, G=X=600. Mch 1 c T1 = 20% N/2 = 300
Trong mi ARN c A= 1800/3=600 vy mch 2 l mch gc, T2 = 600, A2 = T1 = 300
T l % A2 = 300/1500. 100% = 20%
15) Do tc ng ca cc tc nhn gy t bin, gen D t bin thnh gen d...
S nucltit mi trng cung cp cho gen D: ND(23-1)
S nucltit mi trng cung cp cho gen d: Nd(23-1)
ND(23-1) - Nd(23-1) = 28, ND - Nd = 4. Gen d t hn gen D 4 nucltit mt 2 cp nucltit.
16) Mt mARN nhn to c 3 loi nucleotit vi t l A : U : G = 5 : 3 : 2.
T l : A = 5/10 , U = 3/10 , G = 2/10.
T l b m cha 3 loi nucleotit trn : 5/10. 3/10 . 2/10 . 3! = 18%
17) Gi a l s t bo sinh tinh tham gia gim phn, 2n l b NST lng bi ca loi ny...
Mt t bo sinh tinh qua gim phn to 4 tinh trng, a t bo to 4.a tinh trng
Mt t bo sinh tinh qua gim phn mi trng cung cp 2n (NST), a t bo mi trng cung cp a.2n (NST).
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