Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT

B mn HTTTT 1
NI DUNG HNG DN THC HNH TUN 2
I. M HNH HA X L
Phn tch x l c bao gm trong vic m hnh ha h thng thng tin. i tng
quan tm ca phn tch x l l cc hot ng hay x l thng tin v cc dng thng tin
gia cc hot ng x l ny. Kt qu ca giai on phn tch x l ny l lc chc
nng (Function schema) bao gm cc biu din ca hot ng, dng thng tin v cc c
trng khc.
Lc chc nng cn c th c gi l lc x l (Process Schemal) ca h thng
thng tin ngc li vi m hnh tnh ca h thng thng tin l m hnh thc th kt hp.
Trong thc t tn ti nhiu loi m hnh x l khcnhau:
Mt s tp trung vo d liu v dng d liu gia cc hot ng.
Mt s tp trung vo tnh ng b ca cc hot ng bng cch nh r iu kin
trc v iu kin sau ca hot ng.
Nhng ta ch quan tm n loi m hnh n gin nhng hiu qu v kh ph bin cho
giai on phn tch x l l m hnh dng d liu(Data Fow Diagram-DFD).
M hnh DFD gm cc khi nim chnh : X l (Process), dng d liu (Data flow), Kho
d liu (Data store) v u cui (Terminator hay Actor)
Sau y l khi nim v k hiu ca m hnh DFD:

Khi nim K hiu ngha

X l

- Mt trong cc hot ng
bn trong ca HTTT, mi
x l c nh mt s
bit c n l x l th
my v cp no.
- Tn l ng t.
- Phi c dng d liu vo
v ra.
Dng d liu


- S thay i thng tin gia
cc x l.
( thng ip giao tip gia
cc i tng).
Kho d liu

- L vng cha thng tin.
- Kho dliu l tnh, tn l
danh t.
Tc nhn u cui

- L mt tc nhn bn ngoi
h thng.
- Ngi a thng tin vo l
tc nhn u, nhn thng tin
ra l tc nhn cui.
- Mt ngi c th va l
tc nhn u va l tc nhn
Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT
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cui (vd : c gi).

Trng hp sai:
- Hai


II. CC BIU DIN M HNH DFD TRONG POWER DESIGNER
Trong Power Designer m hnh DFD c gi l m hnh phn tch x l (Process Analyst
Model PAM)
Hng dn cch s dng m hnh PAM trong Power Designer:
1. Khi ng Power Designer
Start/Programs/ Power Designer 6 32-bit/ Process Analyst



2. Hng dn s dng thanh cng c
Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT
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III. HNG DN THIT K MT M HNH DFD C TH
Xt m hnh x l cho qu trnh thanh ton ha n
1. M hnh x l cp 1:



Hng dn cch to:
o Chn biu tng thc th, gi chut v ko th vo trong lc
o thay i thng tin ca thc th ta double-click vo thc th cn thay i, mt
ca s mi m ra cho php chng ta chnh sa thng tin ca thc th nh: tn
ca thc th, cc rule, m t
o Chn biu tng x l, gi chut v ko th vo trong lc . X l Thanh
ton ha n c nh s 1. thay i s th t, ta thay i gi tr trong
Number.
o thay i thng tin ca x l ta double-click vo x l cn thay i, mt ca
s mi m ra cho php chng ta chnh sa thng tin ca x l nh: tn ca x l,
cc rule, m t
o Chn biu tng dng d liu, gi chut v ko th ni t thc th n x l
trong lc
o thay i thng tin ca dng d liu ta double-click vo dng d liu cn thay
i, mt ca s mi m ra cho php chng ta chnh sa thng tin ca dng d
liu nh: tn ca dng d liu, d liu chuyn, cc rule, m t

Thc th
Qui trnh x l
Ngun d liu
Dng d liu
Phn r x l
Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT
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Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT
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2. M hnh x l cp 2:

Pht trin m hnh x l Thanh ton ha n: c ngha l tinh ch x l s 1
Thanh ton ha n

Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT
B mn HTTTT 6




Hng dn cch to:
o Chn biu tng phn r x l, gi chut v ko th ln x l Thanh ton
ha n trong lc . Power Designer s t ng to mt lc x l cp
chi tit hn cho x l Thanh ton ha n (nh s 1.1).
o Lu : chuyn i gia cc lc chn menu Window (hay phm nng
Alt-W)
o Nu x l cha b xa hay thay i s th t th x l con s b xa v thay i
s th t theo.
o Tng t tip tc ko th ngun d liu, dng d liu xy dng m hnh x
l cp 2 cho x l ng k hc phn
o Lu : Khi phn r x l, Power Designer s t ng to ra hai thc th sinh
vin, do ta cn xa i mt thc th sinh vin, v iu chnh li dng d liu.






3. M hnh x l cp 3:

Tip tc pht trin m hnh x l Lp sec thanh ton: ngha l ta phn r x l
1.3- Lp sc thanh ton
Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT
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Hng dn cch to:
Thc hin tng t nh cc bc trn.
IV. MT S LU KHI THIT K M HNH X L
1. Khi xy dng mt m hnh x l nn tun theo mt s hng dn sau y:
Mi dng d liu ra ca x l phi da trn dng d liu vo ca x l
(y l iu kin cn)
Ch nhng d liu no tht cn cho x l mi a vo(iu kin )
Mt x l nn c lp chc nng vi x l khc
Cc x l lun trng thi sn sng hot ng
2. Qu trnh phn cp x l nn tun theo cc qui nh sau:
Qu trnh phn cp s c phn cp n mt chi tit no m ngi thit k
xem l
Mi cp ch cha t 3 n 7 x l, nu nhiu hn th kh quan st mt cch
tng qut
cp trn ta ch c bit quan tm n ni dung ca qu trnh x l, cn cc hot
ng hoc sai cn x l th chng ta nn t cp 3 tr i
Nu i vo mt cp chi tit m c thm kho d liu mi hay u cui mi th vn
l hp l.
3. Cht lng ca lc x l:
Trong phn ny chng ta s xem xt cc c trng nh gi cht lng ca lc x
l l : c lp chc nng, y , tnh ng n, d c v ti thiu:
Tnh c lp chc nng:
Hng dn mn PTTK HTTT
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c trng ny c xt khi x l c tnh t tr y (v d n c th thc hin
cc chc nng ca n mt cch c lp). Tnh cht ny chi tit nh sau:
o Cch bit: mi x l c th c phn tch c lp chi tit
o D tch hp: khi tinh ch mt x l s d dng tch hp vo phn cn li
ca lc x l.
o Uyn chuyn: mt x l d thay i m khng ko theo s thay i ca
cc x l khc.
Tnh y : mt lc x l y l khi n biu din y tt c cc c
trng ca lnh vc ng dng cp chi tit.
Tnh ng n: mt lc x l l ng n khi n ch s dng cc khi nim
ca m hnh x l biu din lnh vc ng dng
Tnh d c: mt lc x l mang tnh d c khi n biu din lnh vc ng
dng mt cch t nhin v c th d dng hiu c m khng cn gii thch g
thm.
Tnh ti thiu: mt lc x l l ti thiu nu mi khi nim trong lnh vc
ng dng ch xut hin mt ln trong lc .