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English Auvanceu Yeaily Exam Summaiy Notes


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Last of Bis Tiibe
Change in Cultuie
Change is inevitable
Foiceu Change
Loch anu uoige
violent change
Change in life to ueath
Physical Change
Change in 2u
th
Centuiy Peiceptions
Biffeience in peispective
Baiiy Woou
Lack of change
Economic Piospects change
Physical Ciicumstances
o Language Techniques
! Pun - " Woous uone"
! "Bigging his way"
! Alliteiation - "Coal Caves"
! "Bigging his way out of poveity" iionic because it was in the time of
the gieat uepiession
! "The mine neaily took him" peisonification
o Quotes Fiom text
! "Piicks at theii tubs of meat with a cuiient chaigeu bai" Be is a
colu heaitless man
! "Naggot bubbles of flesh" This contiasting with his iepulsive natuie
! "euge the house anu yaiu" Be is builuing up a baiiiei
! "they wont be pooi" iefeiiing to his gianuchiluien
! "Something moie than suivival" Last line, veiy poweiful. It ieflects
back on his life when the only option was to suivive.
Wiuowei in the Countiy
Refusal to Accept Change
Lack of change
Inevitable change to come (signs aie alieauy peaking)
o Language Techniques
! }uxtaposition - the contiast between light anu uaikness
! Repetition - "i'll"
! Peisonification anu Netaphoi - " Pauuock aching in the heat" he is
aching himself
! Nechanical tone - thioughout the poem
o Quotes Fiom Text
! "I'll get up soon now anu leave my beu unmaue"
Be isn't botheieu he is just uoing thiough the motions
! "i get up late now"
This emphasizes the same point maue above
! "ioof ieflects the sun anu makes my eyes watei"
This is his "excuse to ciy"
! "my thoughts to uance anu faue away"
! "sitting at the heau of the table"
Be is still in this way of thinking that nothing has changeu, he is still
in chaige. When quite fonuly he isn't, he has no contiol ovei the
situation at hanu.
! "the scieaming was only a possum"
This inuicating that he expeiiences nightmaies
An Absolutely 0iuinaiy Rainbow
Change in Self (inuiviuual)
Change in society
Change in peispective (social)
English Auvanceu Yeaily Exam Summaiy Notes


Refusal of change
o Language Techniques
! Repetition - "stop him" no one can
! Simile - "longing foi teais as chiluien foi a iainbow"
! Biblical Refeience - "as many follow hei also ieceive it", " a halo...
stoou aiounu him" , "sit at his feet", "believeis"
o Quotes Fiom Text
! "she ieceives the gift of weeping"
! "theii minus longing foi teais as chiluien foi a iainbow"
! "iefuse to weep foi feai all acceptance"
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1. Is not accepting the change that has been foiceu upon him
"Leave my beu unmaue" he is leaving his beu unmaue because it is his wifes task, he is not
accepting that he has to uo this task because his wife is gone.
"Pause to look acioss" "anu then I'll go in, boil watei anu make tea" Be pauses because he uoesnt
want to stop anu think about what has happeneu, he uoes not want to accept it. Be occupies
himself with anothei ask so he uoesnt have to think about the change. Be is avoiuing it.
"I will simply watch" Be is knows it has happeneu but he just watches, not piocessing, not
accepting. }ust watching.
"Sitting at the heau of the table" he wants to sit at he heau of the table, be the man of the house,
veiy contiolling of eveiything that is going on. he tiies to holu onto this, he iefuses to change to
the man that is now alone.
2. Negative Change
"foi I get up late now" This is a negative change because he wants to stay in the uaik of his minu,
uieaming of he past when he wasnt alone. Be uoesnt want to get up anu face the ieality of his life.
"Aching" It shows how he is huiting.
"makes my eyes watei" Be is sau, he neeus an excuse to ciy anu giieve, so he makes himself to
believe that the sun in his eyes makes him ciy. When ieally it is just the change cieeping up on
him.
"Evening will uiaw in" as this closes the enu of the seconu stanza it shows is that the next pait of
the poem is going to make us feel woise anu the wiuowei is going to get moie negative. The
evening is woise foi him.
"Coming on uaik" This links to the stanza piioi anu keeps the theme of negative change
"the scieaming was only a possum" This shows us that he is useu to having nightmaies anu
waking up scieaming.
S. The change is uncontiollable
Change is uncontiollable, as we see in this poem the main change is ueath. As we know ueath is
uncontiollable. Also we can see that he thinks that he coulu of stoppeu the ueath of his wife in the
last stanza when he says "Last night I thought i uieamt - but when i woke. The scieaming was
only a possum skiing uown" he is having a nightmaie about his wifes ueath. Why. Boes he think
he is guilty, anu he coulu of stoppeu hei fiom uying. This shows us that he thinks us that he can
contiol the situation when he actually cant, because change is uncontiollable.
4. Change is inevitable
This poem shows us that change is inevitable because we can see thiough the poem that he will
eventually have to change, anu that he alieauy is but not aumitting that to himself. We can see
this fiom the line "the ioof ieflects the sun anu makes my eyes watei" this shows us that he is
accepting the change but not allowing to believe he is. The change in him is inevitable anu it will
happen veiy soon as we see him going thiough the stages of giief in this piece.
Baiiy Woou - Summaiy of change
* Positive oi negative. Both
* What kinus oi typescategoiies of change
* behaviois, beliefsvaluesattituues
'Baiiy Woou' by }ohn Foulchei, is a poem set in the 192u-Sus which exploies the iuea of change.
This poem shows us what happens when change uoes not occui in a peison. Baiiy thioughout
the whole poem says the same; haish, ciuel man that was just seeking to suivive. Be uiu at some
point have social change with, a wife of which he hau chiluien with howevei, as he was an
intioveit anu hau his minu set on just suiviving anu nevei ieally "living life". With Baiiys
attituue anu beliefs nevei changing it cieateu a negative aspect on his life, with his family leaving
him anu him living alone. Although thioughout his life change uiu happen aiounu him he nevei
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33
Harry Wood by John Foulcher
Harry Wood worked in the mines, digging his way
out of poverty, nding
in his twenties
an empty foreman's place.
Once, he told us, he red a man
for fooling with the ropes, and the union
went out for weeks. He held on, though, and they sank
back to the sleek coal caves
one man short,
breathing again the air invisible from rock.
And one time collapsing
the moment he started, the mine nearly took him,
he heard them say, 'Wood's gone'.
as the shovels rattled in the earth.
Now he's bought the farm,
and every year before market
he herds the steers in by himself,
pricks at their tubs of meat with a currentcharged bar
until they panic
and take the long unbroken slope
creaking into the truck.
Kangaroo bones
pocked with skin and maggot bubbles of esh
edge the house and the yard.
At night, he sits
and talks of the mines, stares at the dark window-
when he's dead,
the farm will go to his grandchildren,
and they won't be poor
as he was, and they'll have time, he believes,
for something more than survival.
1. Why does Harry want to leave the mine?
2. What events in the mine reveal Harrys mental toughness?
3. What aspect of Harrys attitude is similar to when he was in the mine and how is
this represented by his treatment of the animals?
4. Why will the farm go to his grandchildren and not his children?
This poem is bring showing a man "climbing" the
ranks of social hierarchy. We see this from him
going from the low position of working in the
"mines" then climbing to a reasonable position
"foremans place". He had moved on from that
position and bought a farm. This is showing him
trying to achieve financial sustainability, but not for
himself as we are told at the end of the poem. He
goes into how he wants to give the farm to his
grandchildren, he wants them to have a better life
than he he. Which is very understandable because
his life was very hard and he had to work very hard.
Through out the poem we see Harry wood as a
very harsh, cruel man and he remains this way,
driving his wife and children away. However in the
last stanza we are told harry is talking to someone.
This someone could assumably be his
grandchildren. Who he presents a different person
to. We see a small change in harry, this change was
inevitable from the start
Alliteration
36
LOCH ARD GORGE by John Foulcher
We climb along a weathered cream precipice,
look down into the waves.
tide thrust into the dark interior of earth
with a sound like re uncontrolled.
A century ago, there was a shipwreck here. Its
gravestones
hump the grass
a hundred yards away you can just make out their
names.
the hammocks of bone and meat
lugged from the sea and dumped in the soil.
Sheep and cattle surround the place.
kicking tufts of unconcern
through the seas brittle, incessant static.
their heads slung
to the grass their teeth locked on the earth.
While, somewhere past the unnished cliffs,
savage dark sh
are tearing their prey apart, blood phrasing
the water decked with light.
We climb along a weathered cream precipice,
look down into the waves.
tide thrust into the dark interior of earth
with a sound like re uncontrolled.
A century ago, there was a shipwreck here. Its
gravestones
hump the grass
a hundred yards away you can just make out their
names.
the hammocks of bone and meat
lugged from the sea and dumped in the soil.
Sheep and cattle surround the place.
kicking tufts of unconcern
through the seas brittle, incessant static.
their heads slung
to the grass their teeth locked on the earth.
While, somewhere past the unnished cliffs,
savage dark sh
are tearing their prey apart, blood phrasing
the water decked with light.
We climb along a weathered cream precipice,
look down into the waves.
tide thrust into the dark interior of earth
with a sound like re uncontrolled.
A century ago, there was a shipwreck here. Its
gravestones
hump the grass
a hundred yards away you can just make out their
names.
the hammocks of bone and meat
lugged from the sea and dumped in the soil.
Sheep and cattle surround the place.
kicking tufts of unconcern
through the seas brittle, incessant static.
their heads slung
to the grass their teeth locked on the earth.
While, somewhere past the unnished cliffs,
savage dark sh
are tearing their prey apart, blood phrasing
the water decked with light.
1. How does the poet draw the reader into the events?
2. How does the poet devalue human life?
3. What aspects of change does this poem convey?
41
7.Last of His Tribe
Change is the law. The new must oust the old.
I look at you and am back in the long ago,
Old pinnaroo lonely and lost here,
Last of your clan.
Left only with your memories, you sit
And think of the gay throng, the happy people,
The voices and the laughter
All gone, all gone,
And you remain alone.
I asked and you let me hear
The soft vowelly tongue to be heard now
No more for ever. For me
You enact old scenes, old ways, you who have used
Boomerang and spear.
You singer of ancient tribal songs,
You leader once in the corroboree,
You twice in erce tribal ghts
With wild enemy blacks from over the river,
All gone, all gone. And I feel
The sudden sting of tears, Willie Mackenzie
In the Salvation Army Home.
Displaced person in your own country,
Lonely in teeming city crowds,
Last of your tribe.
Oodgeroo of the tribe Noonuccal (19201993)
Focus Question
Must change bring sadness?
1. Under the law of change, what must happen?
2. What positive things are gone because of this change?
3. How do we know that the old pinaroo (Aboriginal man from Pinaroo) was once
an important gure in the Aboriginal community? Does he retain any of this
status?
4. What is ironic about the name of the Aboriginal man and the fact that he is a
displaced person in (his) own country?
5. Lonely in teeming city crowds is an oxymoron. Why is this an oxymoron and
what other language techniques can you nd?
6. How do we know that the author has a sense of regret at the events that have
taken place?
42
No More Boomerang
No more boomerang
No more spear;
Now all civilized --
Colour bar and beer.
No more corroboree,
Gay dance and din.
Now we got movies,
And pay to go in.
No more sharing
What the hunter brings.
Now we work for money,
Then pay it back for things.
Now we track bosses
To catch a few bob,
Now we go walkabout
On bus to the job.
One time naked,
Who never knew shame;
Now we put clothes on
To hide whatsaname.
No more gunya,
Now bungalow,
Lay down the stone axe,
Take up the steel,
And work like a nigger
For a white man meal
No more re sticks
That made the whites sco!.
Now all electric,
And no better o!.
Bunyip he nish,
Now got instead
White fella Bunyip,
Call him Red.
Abstract picture now --
What they coming at?
Cripes, in our caves we
Did better than that.
Black hunted wallaby,
White hunt dollar;
White fella witchdoctor
Wear dog-collar.
No more message-stick;
Lubras and lads.
Got television now,
Mostly ads.
Paid by hire purchase
In twenty year or so.
Lay down the woomera,
Lay down the waddy.
Now we got atom-bomb,
End everybody.
Oodgeroo of the tribe Noonuccal
(formerly Kath Walker)
1. What are three positive aspects
of indigenous life which have
disappeared?
2. The poet uses sarcasm to show her
disgust at changes that have taken place.
Find 3 examples.
Oodgeroo of the tribe Noonuccal
(formerly Kath Walker)
1. What are three positive aspects
of indigenous life which have
disappeared?
2. The poet uses sarcasm to show her
disgust at changes that have taken place.
Find 3 examples.
3. The author describes much change that has taken place. What is her
conclusion about this change and why is she convinced that it is dangerous
and unhelpful?
43
The Widower in the Country
I'll get up soon, and leave my bed unmade.
I'll go outside and split o! kindling wood,
From the yellow-box log that lies beside the
gate,
And the sun will be high, for I get up late now.
I'll drive my axe in the log and come back in
With my armful of wood, and pause to look
across
The Christmas paddocks aching in the heat,
The windless trees, the nettles in the yard...
And then I'll go in, boil water and make tea.
This afternoon, I'll stand out on the hill
And watch my house away below, and how
The roof reects the sun and makes my eyes
Water and close on bright webbed visions smeared
On the dark of my thoughts to dance and fade away,
Then the sun will move on, and I will simply watch,
Or work, or sleep. And evening will draw in.
Coming on dark, I'll go home, light the lamp
And eat my corned-beef supper, sitting there
At the head of the table. Then I'll go to bed.
Last night I thought I dreamt - but when I woke
The screaming was only a possum skiing down
The iron roof on little moonlit claws.
Les Murray
Focus question:
To what degree does marriage or a relationship ending change our life?
1. Is the Widower a happy man?
2. The Widower doesnt make his bed yet he chops wood. Why does he do some tasks
and not others?
3. What words and images suggest that the Widower is simply going through the
motions and has no purpose to his life? (Find 5 examples)
he has to constantly occupy himself so he doesn't think about the past
he has nightmares
44
An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow
The word goes round Repins,
the murmur goes round Lorenzinis,
at Tattersalls, men look up from sheets of numbers,
the Stock Exchange scribblers forget the chalk in their hands
and men with bread in their pockets leave the Greek Club:
There's a fellow crying in Martin Place. They can't stop him.
The tra"c in George Street is banked up for half a mile
and drained of motion. The crowds are edgy with talk
and more crowds come hurrying. Many run in the back streets
which minutes ago were busy main streets, pointing:
There's a fellow weeping down there. No one can stop him.
The man we surround, the man no one
approaches
simply weeps, and does not cover it, weeps
not like a child, not like the wind, like a man
and does not declaim it, nor beat his breast, nor
even
sob very loudlyyet the dignity of his weeping
holds us back from his space, the hollow he makes about him
in the midday light, in his pentagram of sorrow,
and uniforms back in the crowd who tried to seize him
stare out at him, and feel, with amazement, their minds
longing for tears as children for a rainbow.
Some will say, in the years to come, a halo
or force stood around him. There is no such thing.
Some will say they were shocked and would have stopped him
but they will not have been there. The ercest manhood,
the toughest reserve, the slickest wit amongst us
trembles with silence, and burns with unexpected
judgements of peace. Some in the concourse scream
who thought themselves happy. Only the smallest children
and such as look out of Paradise come near him
The narrator is apart of the crowd
45
and sit at his feet, with dogs and dusty pigeons.
Ridiculous, says a man near me, and stops
his mouth with his hands, as if it uttered vomit
and I see a woman, shining, stretch her hand
and shake as she receives the gift of weeping;
as many as follow her also receive it
and many weep for sheer acceptance, and more
refuse to weep for fear of all acceptance,
but the weeping man, like the earth, requires nothing,
the man who weeps ignores us, and cries out
of his writhen face and ordinary body
not words, but grief, not messages, but sorrow,
hard as the earth, sheer, present as the sea
and when he stops, he simply walks between us
mopping his face with the dignity of one
man who has wept, and now has nished weeping.
Evading believers, he hurries o! down Pitt Street.
Les Murray
from
The Weatherboard Cathedral, 1969
Focus Question
How can the actions of an individual change an entire society?
1. What would you change about society if you could?
2. If you wanted to change society, how would you go about doing this? How could
you be sure that the changes were permanent?
3. Why do you think the man is crying? Why does the poet think the man is crying?
4. What are Repins, Lorenzinis, and Tattersalls and what is their signicance?
5. List 3 types of people who are affected by the crying?
6. Besides humans, who else is affected?
7. How is the mans public crying different from other demonstrations of public grief?
8. What have the authorities trued to do to the crying man?
9. What will some people try to do to the crying man in later years?
10. Who sits at the feet of the crying man? Who is the poet reminding us of?
11. What happens to people who question the crying mans integrity?
12. Why do the onlookers start crying?
13. Why is man using grief and sorrow, nit words and messages?
14. Why does the man evade believers when he leaves? What point is the poet
making?
In this poem we can see many biblical allusions to Jesus. These of which are highlighted in purple.
The gift was seen as some sort of healing, relating back to the many times jesus healed people.
The "sitting at his feet" was an event that occurred many times in the bible, when people sat at jesus's feet
to listen and learn from him. Also the difference in level made him more important.
However we have to also note that unlike jesus, he ran from the "believers" he did not want to lead them.
He did not want the responsibility
FoemText Aspect of Chane Techniques Quotes
Last of his Tribe
- Chane in Culture
- Chane is inevitable
- Iorced Chane
Repetition - all one, all one`
Irony - lonely in teemin city crowds`
Chane is the law`
all one, all one`
last of your tribe`
Loch and Gore
- Violent Chane
- Chane in life to death
- Fhysical Chane
- Chane in 20th century Ferceptions
- Difference In perspective
Simile - Sound like fire uncontrolled,
power of the ocean`
Inclusive Lanuae - we`
there was a shipwreck here its
ravestones hump the rass`
Harry Wood
- Lack of Chane
- Economic Frospects Chane
- Fhysical Circumstances
Fun - Woods Gone`
- Diin his way`
Alliteration - Coal Caves`
Diin his way out of poverty` ironic
because it was in the time of the reat
depression
The mine nearly took him`
personification
Fricks at their tubs of meat with a
current chared bar` He is a cold
heartless man
Maot bubbles of flesh` This
contrastin with his repulsive nature
ede the house and yard` He is
buildin up a barrier
they wont be poor` referrin to his
randchildren
Somethin more than survival` Last
line, very powerful. It reflects back on his
life when the only option was to survive.
The Widower in the Country
- Refusal to accept chane
- Lack of chane
- The inevitable chane to come |it is
already peakin throuh)
Juxtaposition - the contrast between liht
and darkness
Repetition - i`ll`
Fersonification and Metaphor -
Faddock achin in the heat` he is
achin himself
Mechanical tone - throuhout the poem
I`ll et up soon now and leave my
bed unmade`
i et up late now`
roof reflects the sun and makes my
eyes water`
my thouhts to dance and fade away`
sittin at the head of the table`
the screamin was only a possum`
An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow
- Chane in self |individual)
- Chane in society
- Chane in perspective |social)
- Refusal of chane
Repetition - stop him` no one can
Simile - lonin for tears as children
for a rainbow`
Biblical Reference - as many follow
her also receive it`
a halo... stood around him`
sit at his feet`
believers`
she receives the ift of weepin`
their minds lonin for tears as
children for a rainbow`
refuse to weep for fear all acceptance`
The Truman show
- Chane in Self
- Chane in Society
- Chanin perspective
- Fositive chane
- Lack of chane |start)
- Chane is inevitable
Camera Shots - Close up, mid shot.
Soundtrack- Iast paced music for
troublin times, slow and sad music for
sad times
visionary`
inhumane`
locked up`
thats a stupid idea truman` thats
silly truman`