:

:"
:
:

1. Evaporating crystallizers 4
2. Solar evaporation .....5
3. Steam heated evaporation7
4. Forced circulation evaporators ...8
5. Oslo Krystal evaporating crystallizer ..9
6. Wetted wall crystallizer ...................11
7. 12...

1. Solar pond use for evaporation5

2. Steam heated evaporator..7
3. Forced Circulation Evaporators..8
4. Oslo-Krystal evaporating:(a) waisted,(b,c) monolithic..9
5. Oslo Krystal evaporator9.....................................................
6. Wetted wall evaporative crystallizer...............10

Evaporating crystallizers

.
.
:
.
.
.
-.

:
, , .

Evaporating crystallizers . :
:

Solar evaporation

Steam heated evaporators

Forced circulation evaporators

Oslo-Krystal evaporating

Wetted-wall evaporative crystallizer

Solar evaporation
,
.

.

Solar pond use for evaporation ) 5: 1

:
.
.
""
,
,, .

.
, .

 1966 Bonython
,
, .
Jones 1981
.

(Na2CO3*10H2O(Manguo and Schwartz,1985 (KCl (Klein,1987
(Butts (1993
Lukes
).(1993
.
:
.
:
.

Steam heated evaporation

, .

) (. magma
.
.

Steam heated evaporator (1:2

Forced circulation evaporators

,
, )(
. , .

, ) ,
- Demister (.
,
,

.
) .(NaCl ,Na2SO4 FeSO4
).(mm 0.5

.

: Forced Circulation Evaporators 3

) (4

:
-A
-B
-C
-D
-E

-1
-2 ) (
-3
-4

) (
)(
) (

Oslo Krystal evaporating

, ) (waisted
,
) (metastable
, ) (A,B .
m/s 1.5-2 .
)(.
mm 2-3
mm 0.5 > - .Forced Circulation Evaporators

b and c) monolithic ) Oslo Krystal evaporating :(a) waisted ,(1 :4

 Oslo Krystal evaporator (2 :5

:
)(
.


) (.

.
. Na2SO4 , (NH4)2SO4 , AgNO3:
:

.
/ .

:
, .

10

Wetted wall evaporative crystallizer

,
, . m/s 30
.
.

Wetted wall evaporative crystallizer (1:6

11

:
( cm 100 NaCl )

:

1. J.W.Mullin, crystallization, Fourth edition Boston
2001.
2. http://www.niroinc.com/html/evaporator/Oslo_type_cr
ystallizer.html.
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization_(engineeri
ng_aspects)#History.
4. http://www.niroinc.com/html/evaporator/forced_circul
ation_evaporator.html.
5. http://www.solarpond.utep.edu/index.htm.

12