Mt s cu lnh v hm thng dng trong VB

Cc Pht biu v hm chun trong Visual Basic

I. CC PHT BIU IU KHIN
a. Cu trc chn la IF :

IF < Biu thc Logic iu kin> THEN
Khi iu kin ng
Ni dng cc cu lnh cn thc hin
ELSE
Khi iu kin sai
Ni dng cc cu lnh cn thc hin
END IF
- Trong cu lnh khng nht thit phi s dng ELSE, c th b qua n ty vo mc
ch

b. Cu trc SELECT CASE :
SELECT CASE <Bin hay mt biu thc>
CASE <gi tr nht ca bin hay ca 1 biu thc>
CASE <gi tr hai ca bin hay ca 1 biu thc>

CASE <gi tr n ca bin hay ca 1 biu thc>
CASE ELSE
Khi tt c cc gi tr trn u khng ng
Ni dung cc lnh cn thc hin
END SELECT
- Tng t nh IF trong cu lnh khng nht thit phi s dng CASE ELSE, c th
b qua n ty vo mc ch

II. CC CU TRC LP :
a. Cu trc DO WHILE ... LOOP :
DO WHILE <Biu thc iu kin>
Cc cu lnh mun thc thi biu thc iu kin cn ng
LOOP Quay v DO WHILE kim tra biu thc iu kin
- Khi VB thc hin vng lp ny, u tin s kim tra biu thc iu kin. Nu Sai, n
s dng li vng lp ngay v thc hin cu lnh k tip cn nu ng th thc hin cc
lnh bn trong. Vy cu trc DO WHILE LOOP thc hin cc cu lnh bn trong n
khi iu kin ng.

b. Cu trc DO LOOP WHILE :
DO
Cc cu lnh thc thi
LOOP WHILE <Biu thc iu kin> Quay v DO nu iu kin ng
- Khi VB thc hin vng lp ny, u tin s thc hin khi lnh bn trong n ngai.
Sau khi thc hin n s kim tra iu kin. Nu ng s quay li cn sai th dng vng
lp.

c. Cu trc DO LOOP UNTIL :
DO
Cc cu lnh thc thi
LOOP UNTIL <Biu thc iu kin> Quay v DO nu iu kin sai
- Ging nh DO LOOP WHILE nhng n s thot khi vng lp khi iu kin
ng

d. Cu trc FOR NEXT
FOR <Bin = Gi tr u> TO <Gi tr cui> [STEP khong tng]
Phn cc lnh thc thi khi bin cha t gi tr cui
NEXT Bin

(Phn Step c th c hoc khng, VB ngm hiu l +1)
- Cu trc ny lp vi s ln bit trc, lp t Gi tr u n gi tr cui (gi tr u c
th ln hn gi tr cui nu step <0)

III. MT S LNH :
1 .EXIT FOR
Cu lnh : EXIT FOR
Lng vo trong vng lp For khi mun dng li vng lp bt c lc no.

2 .EXIT DO
Cu lnh : EXIT DO
Lng vo trong vng lp c cu trc DO khi mun dng li vng lp bt c lc no.

3 .EXIT FOR
Cu lnh : EXIT SUB
Thot khi th tc m bt c lc no m khng cn thc hin cc lnh bnh trong n.

4 .END
- Chm dt chng trnh ngay, tt c cc ca s chng trnh u ng li khi bn
thc hin thao tc ny.

5. Beep
- Pht ra ting ku Beep

6. Lnh Date :
Cho php bn t li ngy h thng, hay ly ngy h thng
C php : DATE = <ngy bn t>
VD: Date = #June 12, 2000#

7. TIME
- Cho php t li gi h thng, hay ly gi h thng
C php : TIME = <Gi bn t>
VD: Time = # 5 : 12 : 45 PM #

8.LOAD
- Np 1 form (dng n m 1 Form)
C php : LOAD <Tn Form>
lm xut hin hoc n i s dng phng thc SHOW, v d form1.Show hay
form.Hide

9. Lnh ChDrive
Dng i a lm vic
C php : ChDrive <Tn a :>

10. MkDir
Dng to mt th mc mi trn a
C Php : MkDir <ng dn>
V d : MkDir D:\Caulacbovb

11. Lnh ChDir
Lnh ny dng thay i th mc lm vic ti a ang lm vic
C php : ChDir <ng dn th mc>

12. Lnh RmDir :
Dng xa 1 th mc rng.
C php : RmDir <ng dn th mc>

13. Lnh KILL
- Xa 1 hay nhiu tp tin trn a
C php : KILL <ng dn n tp tin>
V d : Kill D:\vinhphuoc.txt
Kill D:\*.txt

14. Lnh NAME :
Dng i tn tp tin
C php : NAME <ng dn tp tin cn i tn> AS <ng dn v tn tp
mi>
V d : NAME C:\Phuoc.txt AS C:\VINHPHUOC91.txt

15. Lnh AppActive
Dng kch hot mt ca s ca mt chng trinhg ang chy trn Windows
C php : AppActive title [Wait]
Wait : Nu l False th chng trnh s kch hot ngay khi thc hin lnh gi ny (VB
ngm hiu l False).
V d : AppActive Microsoft Word

IV. MT S HM :
Tt c cc hm u c dng : Tn hm (cc i s)

1. Hm Abs (Number)
Tr v mt gi tr l gi tr tuyt i ca Number

2. Hm Sin (Number as Double)
Tr v mt s thc l Sin ca mt gc (tnh bng n v Radian)

3. Hm Cos (Number as Double)
Tr v mt s thc l Cos ca mt gc (tnh bng n v Radian)

4. Hm Tan (Number as Double)
Tr v mt s thc l Tan ca mt gc (tnh bng n v Radian)

5. Hm Atn (Number as Double)
Tr v mt s thc l ArcTan ca mt gc (tnh bng n v Radian)

6. Hm Int (Number) :
Tr v phn nguyn ca Number nu n l s dng, cn nu s m th c gi tr nh
hn phn nguyn 1 n v

7. Hm Fix (Number)
Tr v phn nguyn ca Number nu n l s dng, cn nu s m th c gi tr ln
hn phn nguyn 1 n v

8. Hm Sgn (Number)
Tr v mt s nguyn
Nu Number > 0 s tr v 1
Nu Number < 0 s tr v -1
Nu Number = 0 s tr v 0

9. Hm Sqr (Number)
Tr v cn bc hai ca Number

10. Hm Exp (x)
a ra e ly tha x, e l c s Logarit t nhin. Hm tr v mt s thc

11. Hm Log (x)
a ra Logarit t nhin ca x

12. Hm Round (Expression [s])
Hm ny s lm trn s

[,s] : s lm trn qua chm thp phn.
VD : Round(9.7) = 10
Round (9.785 , 2) = 9.79

13. Rnd (Number) ;
To 1 s ngu nhin l 1 s thc t 0 n Number, vi Number l 1 s nguyn.

14. Hm Now :
Hm ny tr v ngy thng nm v thi gian hin hnh.

15. Hm Day (NgayThangNam)
Tr v ngy trong NgayThangNam m bn ghi.
Ta thng s dng Day(Now) ly ngy h thng

16. Hm Month (NgayThangNam)
Tr v Thng trong NgayThangNam m bn ghi.
Ta thng s dng Month(Now) ly thng h thng

17. Hm Year (NgayThangNam)
Tr v Nm trong NgayThangNam m bn ghi.
Ta thng s dng Year(Now) ly nm h thng

18. Hm Weekday (NgayThangNam)
Tr v ngy th my trong tun ng vi NgayThangNam m bn nhp vo
Ta c th s dng Weekday(Now) ly th ca ngy hin ti

19. Hm Hour (ThoiGian)
Tr v gi ng vi ThoiGian m bn nhp vo
Ta c th s dng Hour(Now) ly gi ca h thng hin ti
20. Hm Minute (ThoiGian)
Tr v pht ng vi ThoiGian m bn nhp vo
Ta c th s dng Minute(Now) ly pht ca h thng hin ti
21. Hm Second (ThoiGian)
Tr v giy ng vi ThoiGian m bn nhp vo
Ta c th s dng Second(Now) ly giy ca h thng hin ti

22. Hm Replace(chuoi, chuoicantim, chuoithaythe, Vitrithaythe, solanthaythe)
Hm ny s tr v mt chui mi theo ngha nh trn. V d
Replace(2322 , 2 , 5 , 1 , 2) = 5352
Replace(2322 , 2 , 5 , 2 , 2) = 355

23. Hm Val(String)
Hm ny c tc dng i 1 chui thnh 1 s, nu chui ny c k t u l k t th s
tr v 0
24. Hm Str (Number)
Ngc li Hm Val.
Hm ny c tc dng i 1 s thnh 1 chui.

25 Hm QBColor (color)
S cho bn mu ca mt i tng no , th hin t 0 n 15.
V d : QBColor (0) s cho mu en, QBColor (4) s cho mu ,

26. Hm RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
Chn mt mu theo mt t l no ngoi cc mu t 0 15. N s l s kt hp ca 3
mu.

27. Hm Asc (String)
S tr v mt con s, con s ny l m ASCII ca k t String, nu l mt chui gm
nhiu k t th k t s ly k t u tin.

28. Hm Chr(CharCode)
Hm tr v mt k t tng ng vi mt m ASCII no .
ChrCode l m ASCII ca k t m bn cn bit

29. Hm Len (String)
Tr v d di ca chui String, k c khong trng

30. Hm Ltrim (String)
Hm tr v chui mi sau khi ct b cc khong trng bn tri chui String

31. Hm Rtrim (String)
Hm tr v chui mi sau khi ct b cc khong trng bn phi chui String

32. Hm Trim (String)
Hm tr v chui mi sau khi ct b cc khong trng bn tri v bn phi chui
String

33. Hm Left (String,n)
Tr v mt chui k t (k c khong trng) c ct t bn tri ca chui String, s k
t ct ly l n.

34. Hm Right (String,n)
Tr v mt chui k t (k c khong trng) c ct t bn phi ca chui String, s
k t ct ly l n.

35. Hm MID (String, Start, [Length])
Tr v mt chui, chui ny c ly t chui String v bt u t Start v ly Length
k t
Nu Length b trng hoc ln hn di String th coi nh ly t v tr Start cho n
hn.

36. Hm Space (Number)
Hm tr v mt chui gm Number khong trng

37. Hm String (Number, Character)
Tr v mt chui gm Number k t ging nhau v ging Character

38. Hm InStr (Start, String1, String2, Compare)
Hm ny dng tm mt chui con c nm trong chui m hay khng, nu tm thy
th s cho bit nm v tr th my ca chui m.

Start : Tm bt u t v tr Start trong chui m, nu khng ghi th tm v tr u tin
String1: Chui m
String2 : Chui con
Compare : c cc gi tr 0, 1, 2
+ 0 : so snh chnh xc tng k t, y l gi tr mc nhin
+ 1 : So snh khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng
+ 2 : ch dng trong khi lp trnh cho MS Access
* Khi dng n i s Compare th i s Start khng c b trng

39. Hm Ucase (String)
Tr v my chui k t vit hoa ca chui String

40. Hm Lcase (String)
Tr v mt chui k t vit thng ca chui String

41. Hm Format (Value, format)
Hm ny dng nh dng theo ca bn
Value : Gi tr cn nh dng
Format : Cc k hiu nh dng.
0 nu c gi tr th th hin gi tr , nu khng c th ghi s 0. Nu s 0 t hn th gi
tr vn c ghi y
# : Th hin cc gi tr tng ng, nu k t s v tr khng c th b qua, nu # t
hn th gi tr vn c ghi y .
$ : Du $ bn c th dng chung vi s 0 hay #
. : Du ngn cch phn thp phn
, : Du ngn cch phn nghn
% : Khi c k hiu phn trm ny trong i s Format, con s s t thm % vo sau
dd/mm/yyyy : nh dng Ngy Thng Nm, vi i s Value = Now
hh:mm:ss AM/PM : nh dng Gi pht giy theo dng, vi i s Value = Now
hh:mm:ss AM/PM dd/mm/yyyy : nh dng Gi pht giy va nh dng ngy thng
nm theo dng, vi i s Value = Now
hh:mm : nh dng ch c gi v pht vi Value=Now.

V d :
Format(12345.5 , 0000000.00) = 012345.50
Format(12345.5, ######.##) = 12345.5
Format(12345.5, $###.##) = $12345.5
Format(0.34, ###%) = 34%

42. Hm IIF(<iu kin>, Truepart, Falsepart)
Hm ny s tr v gi tr truepart nu iu kin ng v cho False khi iu kin sai
Hm ny l cch vit ngn hn ca IFEND IF

V d txt1.text = IFF(x<400,Lng bn cn thp,Bn c lng cao)