Hng dn Scrum

Hng dn Scrum: Cc quy tc ca tr chi

Thng Mi 2011
Pht trin v duy tr bi Ken Swchaber v Jeff Sutherland
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Mc lc
Mc lc ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Mc ch ca Hng dn Scrum .......................................................................................... 2
Khi lc v Scrum ............................................................................................................... 2
Khung lm vic Scrum....................................................................................................... 2
L thuyt Scrum .................................................................................................................... 2
Minh bch ......................................................................................................................... 2
Thanh tra .......................................................................................................................... 3
Thch nghi ......................................................................................................................... 3
Scrum ................................................................................................................................... 3
Nhm Scrum ......................................................................................................................... 3
Product Owner ................................................................................................................. 4
Nhm Pht trin ............................................................................................................... 4
Scrum Master ................................................................................................................... 5
Cc s kin Scrum................................................................................................................. 6
Sprint ................................................................................................................................ 6
Hp K hoch Sprint ......................................................................................................... 7
Hp Scrum Hng ngy ...................................................................................................... 8
S kt Sprint ..................................................................................................................... 9
Ci tin Sprint ................................................................................................................ 10
ngh Scrum .................................................................................................................. 10
Product Backlog ............................................................................................................. 10
Sprint Backlog ................................................................................................................ 12
Gi tng trng ............................................................................................................. 13
nh ngha Hon thnh .................................................................................................. 13
Li kt ................................................................................................................................ 13
Ghi nhn ............................................................................................................................ 14
Con ngi ...................................................................................................................... 14
Lch s ........................................................................................................................... 14
Cc phin bn ................................................................................................................ 14

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Mc ch ca Hng dn Scrum
Scrum l mt khung lm vic (framework) pht trin bn vng cc sn phm phc tp.
Ti liu Hng dn ny cha ng nh ngha v Scrum. nh ngha ny bao gm cc vai tr
ca Scrum, cc s kin, cc ngh, v cc quy tc gn kt cc yu t li vi nhau. Ken
Schwaber v Jeff Sutherland pht trin Scrum, cng l nhng ngi cung cp Hng dn
Scrum ny ti ngi c. Chnh h ng ng sau ti liu Hng dn Scrum ny.
Khi lc v Scrum
Scrum l mt khung lm vic trong con ngi c th xc nh cc vn thch nghi phc
tp, trong khi vn gi c nng sut v sng to chuyn giao cc sn phm c gi tr cao
nht. Scrum c cc tnh cht:
nh nhng
d hiu
rt kh tinh thng
Scrum l khung lm vic c s dng qun l qu trnh pht trin cc sn phm phc
tp t u nhng nm 1990. Scrum khng phi l mt quy trnh hay mt k thut c th
xy dng sn phm; hn th, n l mt khung lm vic cho php bn s dng nhiu quy
trnh v k thut khc nhau. Scrum lm r hiu qu tng i ca cng tc qun l v
pht trin sn phm, t cho php bn ci tin n.
Khung lm vic Scrum
Khung lm vic Scrum bao gm mt Nhm Scrum vi cc vai tr c phn nh r rng, cc
s kin, cc ngh v cc quy tc. Mi thnh phn trong khung lm vic phc v mt mc
ch r rng v nng ct trong vic s dng v thnh cng ca Scrum.
Cc chin lc c th s dng Scrum c th rt khc nhau v c m t u .
Cc quy tc ca Scrum gn kt cc yu t s kin, vai tr, ngh vi nhau, iu khin cc
mi quan h v tng tc gia chng. Cc quy tc ca Scrum c m t trong sut ti liu
ny.
L thuyt Scrum
Scrum c xy dng da trn l thuyt qun l tin trnh thc nghim (empirical process
control), hay l thuyt thc nghim (empiricism). L thuyt ny ch ra rng tri thc n t
kinh nghim v vic ra quyt nh c da trn nhng g bit. Scrum s dng cc tip
cn lp (iterative), tng dn (incremental) ti u ha tnh d on (predictability) v kim
sot ri ro.
Ba yu t nng ct to thnh mt m hnh qun l tin trnh thc nghim gm: tnh minh
bch (transparency), s thanh tra (inspection) v s thch nghi (adaptation).
Minh bch
Cc kha cnh quan trng ca tin trnh phi c hin th r rng cho nhng ngi c trch
nhim vi thnh qu ca tin trnh . S minh bch yu cu cc yu t ny cn c nh
ngha theo mt tiu chun nhng ngi quan st c th hiu nhng g h thy theo cng
mt cch.
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V d:
Mt ngn ng chung v quy trnh cn phi c chia s cho tt c cc bn tham gia; v,
Mt nh ngha chung v Hon thnh
1
phi c chia s bi nhng ngi m ng
cng vic v nhng ngi chp nhn sn phm ca cng vic .
Thanh tra
Ngi s dng Scrum phi thng xuyn thanh tra cc ngh v tin n ch pht
hin cc bt thng khng theo mun. Tn sut thanh tra khng nn qu dy khi nh
hng n cng vic. Cng tc thanh tra c ch nht khi c thc hin bi ngi c k nng
ti cc im quan trng ca cng vic.
Thch nghi
Nu mt ngi thanh tra xc nh c rng c vn no vt qu gii hn cho php,
v hu qu ca vn i vi sn phm l khng th chp nhn c, th quy trnh hoc
cc vt liu c x l (processed material) phi c iu chnh. S iu chnh phi c
tin hnh cng sm cng tt gim thiu cc sai st khc c th xy ra.
Scrum cung cp bn c hi chnh thc cho vic thanh tra v thch nghi trong cc S kin
Scrum, bao gm:
Bui Hp K hoch Sprint (Sprint Planning Meeting)
Hp Scrum hng ngy (Daily Scrum)
S kt Sprint (Sprint Review)
Ci tin Sprint (Sprint Retrospective)
Scrum
Khung lm vic Scrum c cu trc h tr vic pht trin cc sn phm phc tp. Scrum
bao gm Nhm Scrum vi cc vai tr c phn nh r rng, cc s kin, cc ngh v
cc quy tc. Mi thnh phn trong khung lm vic phc v mt mc ch r rng v l nng
ct trong vic s dng v thnh cng ca Scrum.
Nhm Scrum
Nhm Scrum bao gm Product Owner (Ch Sn phm), Nhm pht trin (Development
Team), v Scrum Master. Cc Nhm Scrum l cc nhm t qun (self-organizing) v lin chc
nng (cross-functional). Cc nhm t qun t mnh chn cch thc tt nht hon thnh
cng vic ca h, ch khng b ch o bi ai bn ngoi nhm. Cc nhm lin chc nng
c k nng cn thit hon thnh cng vic m khng ph thuc vo bt k ngi ngoi
no khc. M hnh nhm trong Scrum c thit k ti u ha s linh hot, sng to v
nng sut.
Cc Nhm Scrum chuyn giao sn phm theo phn on lp i lp li v tng dn, ti a ha
c hi cho cc phn hi. Vic chuyn giao tng dn (incremental) cc gi sn phm t tiu
chun Hon chnh m bo mt phin bn kh dng ca sn phm lun lun sn sng
cung cp ti ch sn phm.

1
Xem thm nh ngha Hon thnh, tr. 13
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Product Owner
Product Owner (Ch sn phm) chu trch nhim ti a ha gi tr ca sn phm v cng vic
ca Nhm Pht trin. Cch thc t c iu c th rt khc nhau gia cc t chc,
Nhm Scrum v cc c nhn.
Product Owner l mt ngi ch yu chu trch nhim v vic qun l Product Backlog. y
l cng c qun l cha:
M t cc hng mc Product backlog;
Trnh t ca cc hng mc trong Product Backlog t c mc ch v hon thnh
cc nhim v;
S m bo gi tr ca cc cng vic ca Nhm Pht trin;
S m bo cho Product Backlog l lun lun hin hu, thng sut, v r rng ti tt c
mi ngi, v ch ra nhng g m Nhm Scrum s lm vic; v,
S m bo cho Nhm Pht trin hiu r cc hng mc trong Product Backlog vi cc
mc cn thit.
Product Owner c th thc hin cng vic trn, hoc Nhm Pht trin lm. Tuy nhin,
Product Owner vn phi chu trch nhim chnh.
Product Owner l mt ngi, khng phi l mt y ban. Product Owner c th cn ti mt
y ban tham gia vo Product Backlog, nhng nhng ngi trong y ban mun thay i trnh
t cc hng mc trong Product Backlog phi thuyt phc c Product Owner.
Product Owner thnh cng, c t chc phi tn trng cc quyt nh ca ngi ny. Cc
quyt nh c hin th trong ni dung v th t trong Product Backlog. Khng ai ngoi
Product Owner c php yu cu Nhm Pht trin lm g khc, v Nhm Pht trin cng
khng c php lm g theo li bt c ngi no khc.
Nhm Pht trin
Nhm Pht trin (Development Team) gm cc chuyn gia lm vic cho ra cc phn tng
trng c th pht hnh c (potentially releasable) cui mi Sprint. Ch cc thnh vin
ca Nhm Pht trin mi to ra cc phn tng trng ny (Increment).
Nhm Pht trin c cu trc v trao quyn t chc v qun l cng vic ca h. S hp
lc s ti u ha n lc v hiu qu tng th ca Nhm Pht trin. Nhm Pht trin c cc
c trng sau:
l nhm t t chc. Khng ai (k c Scrum Master) c quyn yu cu Nhm Pht
trin lm sao chuyn Product Backlog thnh cc phn tng trng c th chuyn giao
c;
l nhm lin chc nng, vi tt c cc k nng cn thit to ra phn tng trng
ca sn phm;
Scrum khng ghi nhn mt chc danh no trong Nhm Pht trin ngoi Nh pht trin
(Developer), theo tnh cht cng vic ca ngi ny; khng c ngoi l cho quy tc ny;
Cc thnh vin Nhm pht trin c th c cc k nng chuyn bit v cc chuyn mn
c th, nhng h phi chu trch nhim di mt th thng nht l Nhm Pht trin;
v,
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Nhm Pht trin khng cha cc nhm con no khc vi cc chc nng c th nh
nhm kim th hay phn tch nghip v.
ln ca Nhm Pht trin
ln ti u ca Nhm Pht trin l nh gi c s linh hot v ln hon
thnh cng vic. t hn ba ngi c th lm gim s tng tc v dn n nng sut thp.
Cc Nhm Pht trin nh hn c th phi i mt vi cc rng buc k nng trong sut
Sprint, dn n Nhm Pht trin kh c th chuyn giao gi tng trng pht hnh c.
Mt nhm nhiu hn chn ngi cn nhiu s iu phi hn. Cc Nhm Pht trin ln pht
sinh qu nhiu phc tp thc hin vic kim sot tin trnh thc nghim. Cc vai tr
Product Owner v Scrum Master khng c tnh vo kch thc ca Nhm Pht trin, tr
khi h cng kim lun vai tr l thnh vin ca Nhm Pht trin.
Scrum Master
Scrum Master chu trch nhim m bo mi ngi hiu v dng c Scrum. Scrum Master
thc hin vic ny bng cch m bo Nhm Scrum tun th l thuyt, thc tin v cc quy
tc ca Scrum. Scrum Master l mt lnh o, nhng cng l y t ca Nhm Scrum.
Scrum Master gip nhng ngi ngoi Nhm Scrum hiu cch phi tng tc vi Nhm
sao cho hiu qu nht. Scrum Master gip tt c mi ngi thay i cc mi tng tc
ny ti a ha gi tr m Nhm Scrum to ra.
Scrum Master phc v Product Owner iu g?
Scrum Master phc v Product Ower theo nhiu cch, bao gm:
Tm kim cc k thut qun l hiu qu Product Backlog;
Giao tip tch cc vi Nhm Pht trin v tm nhn, mc ch, v cc hng mc ca
Product Backlog;
Dy cho Nhm Pht trin bit cch to ra cc hng mc Product Backlog tht r rng v
n gin;
Hiu r vic lp k hoch di hn sn phm trong mt mi trng thc nghim;
Hiu r v thc hnh s linh hot (agility); v,
Thc y cc s kin Scrum theo yu cu hoc khi cn thit.
Scrum Master phc v g cho Nhm Pht trin?
Scrum Master phc v Nhm Pht trin theo nhiu cch, bao gm:
Hun luyn Nhm Pht trin cch t t chc v lm vic lin chc nng;
Dy v lnh o Nhm Pht trin cch to ra cc sn phm c gi tr cao;
Loi b cc tr lc trong qu trnh tc nghip ca Nhm Pht trin;
Thc y cc s kin Scrum theo yu cu hoc khi cn thit; v,
Hun luyn Nhm Pht trin trong trng hp t chc cha c hiu bit v Scrum.
Scrum Master phc v g cho T chc?
Scrum Master phc v T chc theo nhiu cch, bao gm:
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Lnh o v hun luyn t chc trong vic p dng Scrum;
Lp k hoch trin khai Scrum trong phm vi t chc;
Gip nhn vin v cc bn hu quan hiu v s dng c Scrum cng nh qu trnh
pht trin sn phm thc nghim (emprical product development);
To ra s thay i lm tng nng sut ca Nhm Scrum; v,
Lm vic vi cc Scrum Master khc gia tng hiu qu ca vic p dng Scrum trong
t chc ca mnh.
Cc s kin Scrum
Cc s kin c m t trong Scrum nhm to ra thi quen v gim thiu nhng bui
hp hnh vn khng c nh ngha trong Scrum. Scrum dng cc s kin c ng
khung thi gian (time-boxed), ngha l mi s kin c gii hn thi gian ti a. iu ny m
bo thi lng va trnh lng ph thi gian khng cn thit cho s kin.
Bao gm c bn thn Sprint vn cha tt c cc s kin khc, mi s kin trong Scrum l mt
c hi chnh thc thc hin c ch thanh tra v thch nghi. Cc s kin ny c thit k
c bit m bo s minh bch v thanh tra. Nu khng thc hin c cc iu ny c
th dn n gim thiu tnh minh bch v nh mt c hi thanh tra v thch nghi.
Sprint
Tri tim ca Scrum chnh l Sprint, mt khung-thi-gian (time-box) c thi gian mt thng
hoc ngn hn to ra cc phn tng trng ca sn phm c th pht hnh c. Sprint
c khong thi gian nht qun trong sut qu trnh pht trin. Mt Sprint mi bt u ngay
khi Sprint trc khp li.
Sprint cha v bao gm mt cuc Hp K hoch Sprint (Sprint Planning Meeting), cc cuc
Hp Scrum hng ngy (Daily Scrum), mt bui S kt Sprint (Sprint Review), v mt bui hp
Ci tin Sprint (Sprint Retrospective).
Trong sut Sprint:
Khng cho php bt k s thay i no nh hng n Mc tiu Sprint (Sprint Goal);
Thnh phn Nhm Pht trin c gi nguyn;
Mc tiu cht lng khng c ct gim; v,
Phm vi c th c lm r v ti thng lng gia Product Owner v Nhm Pht
trin.
Mi Sprint c th c coi nh mt tiu d n vi di mt thng. Ging nh d n,
Sprint c dng hon tt iu g . Mi Sprint c mt nh ngha v vic phi xy dng
ci g, mt bn thit k v bn k hoch linh hot s hng dn qu trnh xy dng , cc
cng vic cn lm, v sn phm ca qu trnh .
Sprint c gii hn trong vng mt thng lch (calendar month). Khi Sprint b ko di qu
th nh ngha v vic phi xy dng ci g c th b thay i, s phc tp s gia tng v ri ro
s tng theo. Sprint m bo tnh d on bng s thanh tra v thch nghi trong tin trnh
tin ti mc tiu ca mi thng . Sprint cng s gii hn ri ro trong phm vi chi ph ca
mt thng lch.
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Hy Sprint
Sprint c th b hy trc khi khung thi gian tri qua. Ch c Product Owner mi thm
quyn kt thc Sprint, mc d Product Owner c th chu nh hng bi nhng bn hu
quan khc, bi Nhm Pht trin, hoc bi Scrum Master.
Mt Sprint c th b hy nu nh Mc tiu Sprint c th tr nn li thi. iu ny xy ra khi
cng ty chuyn hng kinh doanh hoc khi tnh th cng ngh c s thay i. Ni chung,
Sprint c th b hy nu n khng mang li iu g c ch. Th nhng, do thi gian trong mi
Sprint tng i ngn, nn vic hy mt Sprint khng my khi c tc dng g.
Khi Sprint b hy, cc phn sn phm hon chnh c xem xt li. Nu phn no ca
cng vic l c th chuyn giao c, th Product Owner c th chp nhn chng. Tt cc
cc hng mc Product Backlog cha hon tt s c ti c lng v t ngc tr li
Product Backlog pht trin tip. Cc phn vic thc hin trn s nhanh chng ht
tc dng v phi thng xuyn c c lng li.
Vic hy Sprint s gy lng ph ti nguyn, do mi ngi phi hp li ln k hoch cho
mt Sprint mi. Vic hy Sprint thng gy tn hi nht nh cho Nhm Pht trin, v rt t
khi xy ra.
Hp K hoch Sprint
Cng vic trong Sprint c ln k hoch trong bui Hp K hoch Sprint (Sprint Planning
Meeting). K hoch cho Sprint c to ra nh n lc cng tc ca ton b Nhm Scrum.
Bui Hp K hoch Sprint c ng khung trong tm ting cho mi Sprint mt thng. Vi
cc Sprint ngn hn th thi gian cho bui hp c rt ngn li. V d nh mt Sprint hai
tun c th ch cn hp k hoch ti bn ting l .
Bui Hp K hoch Sprint c hai phn, mi phn chim mt na khung thi gian. Hai phn
ca bui Hp K hoch Sprint ln lt tr li hai cu hi sau y:
Sprint ny phi chuyn giao ci g?
Lm sao t c iu ?
Phn Mt: Phi lm g trong Sprint ny?
Trong phn ny, Nhm Pht trin lm vic d bo chc nng s c pht trin trong
Sprint. Product Owner trnh by cc hng mc c xp th t Product Backlog cho Nhm
Pht trin v ton b Nhm Scrum s hp tc tm hiu cng vic phi lm trong Sprint.
u vo ca bui hp ny l Product Backlog, phn tng trng ca sn phm gn y nht,
nng lc hin c ca Nhm Pht trin trong Sprint ti, v hiu sut trong qu kh ca Nhm
Pht trin. S lng hng mc c chn t Product Backlog cho Sprint ny s hon ton
ph thuc vo Nhm Pht trin. Ch Nhm Pht trin c th nh gi h c th hon thnh
nhng g trong Sprint ti y.
Sau khi Nhm Pht trin d bo cc hng mc Product Backlog s c chuyn giao trong
Sprint, Nhm Scrum xc lp Mc tiu Sprint. Mc tiu Sprint l ch n ca Sprint thng
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qua vic trin khai cc hng mc Product Backlog, v n cung cp nhng ch dn cho Nhm
Pht trin v vic ti sao phi xy dng phn tng trng .
Phn Hai: Lm sao hon thnh cng vic chn?
Sau khi chn cng vic cho Sprint, Nhm Pht trin quyt nh cch thc xy dng cc
chc nng s c trong phn tng trng hon chnh trong sut Sprint. Cc hng mc
Product Backlog c la chn cho Sprint cng vi k hoch chuyn giao chng c gi
l Sprint Backlog.
Nhm Pht trin thng bt u cng vic bng cch thit k h thng v cc cng vic cn
thit chuyn Product Backlog thnh gi sn phm chy c. Cng vic c th ln nh
khc nhau. Tuy vy, mt lng cng vic va c ln k hoch trong sut bui Hp K
hoch Sprint cho Nhm Pht trin s d bo nhng th c th lm trong Sprint sp ti. Cc
cng vic c ln k hoch trong nhng ngy u tin ca Sprint bi Nhm Pht trin s
c phn tch thnh cc n v nh hn trong phm vi mt ngy hoc nh hn na cui
bui hp. Nhm Pht trin s t t chc lm vic trn Sprint Backlog, c khi lp k hoch
ln thc thi k hoch trong sut Sprint.
Product Owner c th c mt trong phn hai ca bui Hp K hoch Sprint lm sng t
cc khc mc v cc hng mc c la chn trong Product Backlog , cng nh gip Nhm
Pht trin a ra quyt nh trong mt s tnh hung c bit. Nu Nhm Pht trin thy c
qu nhiu hoc qu t vic, h c th thng lng thm vi Product Owner v vic ny.
Nhm Pht trin cng c th mi mt s ngi khc tham d h tr mt s vn k
thut hoc chuyn mn.
Kt thc bui Hp K hoch Sprint, Nhm Pht trin phi bit cch gii thch cho Product
Owner v Scrum Master bit h s d nh lm vic nh th no vi t cch mt nhm t t
chc hon thnh Mc tiu Sprint v to ra phn tng trng theo yu cu.
Mc tiu Sprint
Mc tiu Sprint cho php Nhm Pht trin c mt s s linh hot nht nh v vic phi
trin khai cc chc nng nh th no trong sut Sprint.
Khi Nhm Pht trin lm vic, h s ghi nh Mc tiu ny trong u. tha mn Mc tiu
Sprint, h s trin khai cc chc nng cng nh cc k thut cn thit. Nu cng vic phc
tp hn mong i th h c th cng tc vi Product Owner thng lng v phm vi ca
Sprint Backlog trong Sprint.
Mc tiu Sprint c th ng vai tr l mt ct mc (milestone) trong mt mc ch ln hn
trong chng ng pht trin sn phm.
Hp Scrum Hng ngy
Cuc hp Scrum Hng (Daily Scrum) ngy c ng khung trong 15 pht Nhm Pht
trin ng b ha cc hot ng ca thnh vin v to lp k hoch cho 24 gi tip theo.
iu ny c c nh vic thanh tra cc cng vic k t cuc hp Scrum Hng ngy trc,
v d bo nhng cng vic s c hon thnh trc bui hp ln sau.
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Cuc hp Scrum Hng ngy c t chc ti cng mt a im gim thiu s phc tp
khng cn thit. Trong sut cuc hp, mi thnh vin Nhm Pht trin gii thch r:
Vic g c thc hin k t ln hp trc?
Vic g s c hon thnh trc bui hp ln sau?
C vn g ny sinh trong qu trnh lm vic?
Nhm Pht trin s dng cuc hp Scrum Hng ngy nh gi tin cng vic hng
ti Mc tiu Sprint v nh gi xu hng tin trin ca cng vic trong Sprint Backlog. Cuc
hp Scrum Hng ngy ti u ha kh nng Nhm Pht trin c th t c Mc tiu
Sprint. Nhm Pht trin thng hp mt ngay sau khi hp xong Scrum Hng ngy ti lp
k hoch cho cc cng vic cn li trong Sprint. Hng ngy, Nhm Pht trin c th gii thch
cho Product Owner v Scrum Master bit h nh lm g vi t cch l mt nhm t qun
hon thnh mc tiu v to ra cc phn tng trng cn thit trong Sprint.
Scrum Master m bo cho Nhm Pht trin tham gia hp, nhng chnh Nhm Pht trin
mi c trch nhim chnh trong cuc hp Scrum Hng ngy. Scrum Master phi dy cho
Nhm Pht trin bit cch gi cuc hp ngn gn trong phm vi khung thi gian 15 pht.
Scrum Master phi p t quy tc v vic ch c Nhm Pht trin mi c tham gia cuc
hp Scrum Hng ngy. Cuc hp Scrum Hng ngy khng phi l cuc hp bo co tnh hnh,
m l mi ngi bin i cc hng mc Product Backlog thnh ra phn tng trng cn
thit.
Hp Scrum Hng ngy s ci tin qu trnh giao tip, lc b cc bui hp hnh khng cn
thit, nhn bit v loi b cc tr lc trong qu trnh pht trin, nhn mnh v pht huy cc
quyt nh nhanh chng, v nng cao mc hiu bit ca Nhm Pht trin v d n. Cuc
hp ny l cha kha ca c ch thanh tra v thch nghi trong Scrum.
S kt Sprint
Bui S kt Sprint (Sprint Review) c t chc khi Sprint kt thc r sot li phn tng
trng va lm ra trong Sprint , v thc hin cc bin php thch nghi nu cn. Trong
cuc hp ny, Nhm Scrum v cc bn hu quan s trao i vi nhau v nhng g va hon
thnh trong Sprint va ri. Trn c s v nhng s thay i trong Product Backlog trong
sut Sprint, ngi tham d cuc hp s hp tc tho lun v nhng cng vic sp trin
khai. y l cuc hp khng trang trng, v vic trnh by v gi tng trng ch yu nhm
mc ch cung cp cc phn hi hu ch v khuyn khch s cng tc gia cc bn.
Cuc hp ny c ng khung trong bn gi cho cc Sprint c di mt thng. Sprint
ngn hn th thi gian hp rt bt cho ph hp. V d, mt Sprint hai tun ch cn n hai
gi cho bui S kt Sprint.
Bui S kt Sprint c mt s c im sau:
Product Owner nhn bit phn no l Hon thnh v phn no cha Hon thnh;
Nhm Pht trin tho lun nhng iu thun li trong Sprint va qua, nhng kh khn
m nhm tri qua, v cch thc gii quyt cc vn ;
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Nhm Pht trin trnh din cc phn vic Hon thnh v tr li cc cu hi ca c
ta v gi tng trng;
Product Owner trao i v Product Backlog. Da trn tin hin thi, Product Owner
a ra d on ngy hon thnh d n; v ,
Ton b nhm tho lun v nhng g s lm, nh bui S kt Sprint cung cp cc gi
tr u vo cho bui Hp K hoch Sprint tip theo.
Kt qu ca cuc hp S kt Sprint l mt bn Product Backlog c cp nht, vi cc
hng mc d nh s c trin khai trong Sprint ti. Product Backlog c th c iu
chnh ton din thch ng vi cc c hi mi.
Ci tin Sprint
Bui hp Ci tin Sprint (Sprint Retrospective) l c hi Nhm Scrum t thanh tra v a
ra k hoch cho cc ci tin trong Sprint tip theo.
Bui hp Ci tin Sprint c t chc ngay sau S kt Sprint v trc khi cuc Hp K hoch
Sprint tip theo din ra. Cuc hp ny c ng khung trong phm vi ba gi cho cc Sprint
mt thng. Sprint ngn hn th cuc hp s c rt ngn li cho ph hp.
Mc ch ca cuc hp Ci tin Sprint l :
Thanh tra li tt c cc yu t trong Sprint va din ra, t con ngi, cc mi quan h,
quy trnh, v cng c;
Nhn bit v xp t li cc hng mc ch cht c thc hin tt, v cc ci tin d
nh; v,
To ra mt k hoch trin khai cc ci tin cch thc lm vic ca Nhm Scrum.
Scrum Master ng vin Nhm Scrum ci tin, trong phm vi khung lm vic Scrum, quy
trnh pht trin v cc bin php thc hnh nng cao hiu qu v th v cho Sprint tip
theo. Trong cuc hp Ci tin Sprint, Nhm Scrum s lp k hoch gia tng cht lng sn
phm bng vic nh ngha li nh ngha Hon thnh khi cn thit.
Kt thc cuc hp Ci tin Sprint, Nhm Scrum phi nhn bit ra cc ci tin s c trin
khai trong Sprint ti. Vic trin khai cc ci tin ny chnh l s thch nghi ca bn thn
Nhm Scrum. Mc d cc ci tin c th c trin khai ti bt k thi im no , cuc
hp Ci tin Sprint cung cp mt phin lm vic chnh thc tp trung vo vic thanh tra
v thch nghi.
ngh Scrum
Cc ngh Scrum (artifact) biu t cc cng vic hoc cc gi tr bng nhiu cch hu ch
cung cp tnh minh bch v cc c hi cho vic thanh tra v thch nghi. Cc ngh
Scrum c thit k ti a ha tnh minh bch v thng sut ca cc thng tin chnh cn
thit m bo Nhm Scrum thnh cng trong vic chuyn giao cc gi tng trng t
tiu chun Hon thnh.
Product Backlog
Product Backlog l mt danh sch sp th t tt c nhng g cn thit ca sn phm. N l
ngun yu cu duy nht th hin cc thay i trong sn phm. Product Owner l ngi chu
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trch nhim v Product Backlog, ni dung ca n, s hin din, v th t cc hng mc trong
.
Product Backlog c th khng bao gi hon chnh. Phin bn sm nht ca Product Backlog
ch cho thy cc yu cu c tm hiu r rng t lc u tin. Product Backlog s tin ha
cng vi vi sn phm v mi trng m n s c s dng. Product Backlog l ng, n
thay i thng xuyn nhn bit nhng g m sn phm cn phi c c tnh cnh
tranh v hu ch. Chng no sn phm cn , th Product Backlog cng hin din.
Product Backlog lit k tt c cc tnh nng (feature), chc nng, yu cu, ci thin, v li cn
thit lm nn sn phm trong tng lai. Cc hng mc trong Product Backlog c m t
vi cc thuc tnh nh: m t, th t, v c lng.
Product Backlog thng c sp xp theo cc gi tr, ri ro, u tin, v s cn thit.
Cc hng mc ng u danh sch s trc tip iu khin cc hot ng pht trin. Cng
th t cao hn, cc hng mc cng c quan tm nhiu hn, v c tp trung n lc
nhiu hn v chnh gi tr ca chng.
Cc hng mc c th t cao hn r rng v chi tit hn nhng mc v tr thp hn trong
Product Backlog. c lng s chnh xc hn nu nh hng mc r rng v chi tit hn; v tr
cng thp, hng mc cng t chi tit. Hng mc Product Backlog sp tham gia vo Sprint ti
thuc loi mn (fine-grained), c phn tch sao cho cc hng mc c th c hon
thnh trong khung thi gian ca Sprint. Hng mc Product Backlog c th hon tt trong mt
Sprint c coi l sn sng hay c th hnh ng, c th c chn ra trong bui Hp
K hoch Sprint.
Khi sn phm c a vo s dng v mang li gi tr, th trng s cung cp cc phn hi,
Product Backlog s tr thnh mt danh sch ln hn v ton din hn. Nhu cu th khng
ngng thay i, v th mt Product Backlog l mt thc th sng ng. S thay i trong cc
yu cu nghip v, iu kin th trng, hay cng ngh c th dn n cc thay i trong
Product Backlog.
Trong trng hp nhiu Nhm Scrum lm vic vi nhau trn cng mt sn phm. Mt
Product Backlog c dng m t nhng cng vic ti y ca Sn phm. Khi , cc
hng mc c th c nhm li theo mt tnh cht no .
Vic lm mn (grooming) Product Backlog l hot ng thm vo cc chi tit, c lng, v
trnh t ca cc hng mc trong Product Backlog. y l qu trnh lin tc, theo Product
Owner v Nhm Pht trin tho lun v cc chi tit ca tng hng mc. Trong sut qu trnh
lm mn ny, cc hng mc lin tc c xem xt v r sot cn thn. Tuy nhin, chng c
th c cp nht ti bt k thi im no bi Product Owner.
Vic lm mn l mt hot ng bn thi gian gia Product Owner v Nhm Pht trin. Thng
thng, Nhm Pht trin s c hiu bit t mnh thc hin vic lm mn ny. Thi im
v cch thc thc hin vic lm mn s c quyt nh bi Nhm Scrum. Qu trnh lm mn
thng khng tiu tn nhiu hn 10% lng thi gian ca Nhm Pht trin.
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Nhm Pht trin chu trch nhim vic c lng. Product Owner c th gy nh hng ln
Nhm bng cch gip h hiu v la chn trong cc tnh hung kh, nhng ngi trc tip
lm vic s a ra con s c lng cui cng.
Kim sot tin hng n Mc tiu
Ti bt k thi im no, tng khi lng cng vic cn li t mc tiu phi c nhm
tng kt. Prododuct Owner theo di lng cng vic cn li t nht mt ln trong bui hp
S kt Sprint. Product Owner so snh gi tr ny vi lng thi gian cn li tnh t cc Sprint
trc nh gi tin hng n thi im d tnh hon thnh mc tiu ca d n.
Thng tin ny c minh bch trc tt c cc bn hu quan.
Rt nhiu phng php c th c s dng biu th tin cng vic, nh cc biu
burndown, biu burnup hay cc phng php d bo khc. Cc bin php ny c
chng minh l rt hu ch. Tuy nhin, nhng th ny khng thay th c tm quan trng
ca tnh thc nghim trong qu trnh pht trin. Trong cc mi trng phc tp, ta khng
th bit c nhng iu sp xy ra. Ch c th da trn nhng iu xy ra a ra cc
quyt nh cho tng lai.
Sprint Backlog
Sprint Backlog l tp hp cc hng mc Product Backlog c la chn pht trin trong
Sprint, km theo mt k hoch chuyn giao phn tng trng ca sn phm v hin thc
ha Mc tiu Sprint. Sprint Backlog l mt bn d bo ca Nhm Pht trin v nhng chc
nng s c trong phn tng trng s c chuyn giao.
Sprint Backlog xc nh cng vic m Nhm Pht trin phi lm bin cc hng mc
Product Backlog thnh phn tng trng t tiu chun Hon thnh. Sprint Backlog cho
thy tt c nhng vic Nhm Pht trin cn phi lm tin ti Mc tiu Sprint.
Sprint Backlog l mt k hoch vi chi tit va nhng thay i v tin cng vic c
th nhn thy c trong cc cuc hp Scrum Hng ngy. Nhm Pht trin chnh sa Sprint
Backlog trong sut Sprint, v Sprint Backlog s c cp nht trong sut thi gian . S cp
nht ny xy ra khi Nhm Pht trin lm vic theo k hoch ca h, v hiu r hn v cc
cng vic cn thit t Mc tiu Sprint.
Mi khi c thm vic mi, Nhm Pht trin a vo Sprint Backlog. Khi cng vic bt u
hay kt thc, gi tr c lng v thi gian cn li hon tt cng vic c cp nht. Khi
c phn no ca k hoch l khng cn thit, chng s b b i. Ch c Nhm Pht trin
mi c th thay i Sprint Backlog trong Sprint. Sprint Backlog l mt bc tranh thi gian
thc v cng vic m Nhm Pht trin ln k hoch hon thnh trong Sprint, v n c
bn thuc v Nhm Pht trin.
Kim sot tin Sprint
Ti bt k thi im no trong Sprint, tng lng thi gian cn li hon thnh cng vic c
th tnh ton c. Nhm Pht trin s theo di con s ny thng xuyn, t nht l vo cc
cuc hp Scrum Hng ngy. Da vo vic theo di ny, h c th d bo v cc tin t
n Mc tiu Sprint. Theo , h s qun l c tin cng vic.
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Scrum khng quan tm n lng thi gian b ra trn cc hng mc Sprint Backlog. Scrum
ch quan tm n lng thi gian cn li v thi im hon thnh cng vic.
Gi tng trng
Gi tng trng (Increment) l tp hp tt c cc hng mc Product Backlog c hon
thnh trong sut Sprint hin ti v nhng Sprint trc . Cui mt Sprint, mt gi tng
trng phi tha mn iu kin Hon thnh, c ngha l n phi trng thi s dng c
v tha mn nh ngha ca Nhm Scrum v Hon thnh. Gi tng trng phi trng thi
dng c Product Owner c th quyt nh pht hnh (release) n.
nh ngha Hon thnh
Khi mt hng mc Product Backlog hoc mt Gi tng trng cho l Hon thnh, mi
ngi phi hiu r Hon thnh nh th ngha l th no. Mc d vic xc nh r nh
ngha ny hon ton ph thuc vo tng Nhm Scrum, nhng mi thnh vin phi chia s
chung mt cch hiu v vic hon thnh mt cng vic, m bo tnh minh bch v thng
sut. y chnh l nh ngha Hon thnh (Definition of Done) cho Nhm Scrum; n c
dng nh gi khi no cng vic thc s hon thnh trn mi gi tng trng ca sn
phm.
nh ngha ging nhau s ch dn cho Nhm Pht trin nm c s lng hng mc
Product Backlog c th c la chn cho mt Sprint. Mc ch ca mi Sprint l chuyn
giao Gi tng trng ca cc chc nng c tim nng chuyn giao c tun th nh ngha
Hon thnh: ca Nhm Scrum.
Mi Sprint, Nhm Pht trin chuyn giao mt Gi tng trng. Phn tng trng ny phi l
kh dng, Product Owner c th la chn v pht hnh ngay lp tc. Mi gi tng trng
c cng dn vo cc gi tng trng trc v c kim th ton b m bo
chng lm vic tt vi nhau.
Khi Nhm Scrum ngy cng trng thnh th nh ngha Hon thnh cng c m rng
vi cc ch tiu kht khe hn t cht lng cao hn.
Li kt
Scrum l min ph v c gii thiu thng qua ti liu hng dn ny. Cc vai tr, ngh,
s kin v quy tc ca Scrum u c th iu chnh c, v mc d ta c th trin khai mt
phn Scrum, nhng khi , kt qu khng phi l Scrum. Scrum tn ti ch khi n vn hnh
c y nh l mt khung cha cc k thut, phng php v bin php thc hnh
khc.

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Ghi nhn
Con ngi
Hng nghn ngi tham gia ng gp cho Scrum, chng ti ch l nhng c nhn u tin
th nghim n trong mi nm u tin. l Jeff Sutherland - cng tc vi Jeff McKenna,
v Ken Schwaber cng tc vi Mike Smith v Chris Martin. Nhiu ngi khc ng gp
trong nhiu nm, v nu thiu h th s khng th c Scrum nh ngy nay. David Starr cung
cp cc chi tit chnh v thc hin cng vic bin tp to nn phin bn hin nay ca
Hng dn Scrum.
Lch s
Ken Schwaber v Jeff Sutherland ln u tin cng trnh by Scrum trc hi ngh OOPSLA
nm 1995. Bi thuyt trnh ny v c bn h thng ha li nhng g Ken v Jeff hc c t
vi nm trc khi cng p dng Scrum.
Lch s ca Scrum tng i di. vinh danh cc ni s dng, chng ti mun nhc n
Individual, Inc., Fidelity Investments, v IDX (by gi l GE Medical).
Cc phin bn
Bn Hng dn Scrum 2011 ny rt khc bit so vi bn trc bn thng Hai nm 2010.
c bit, chng ti th lc b i cc k thut hoc phng php thc hnh hiu qu
khi phn ct li ca Scrum. Cc k thut ny thng rt khc bit trong cc tnh hung c
th. Chng ti d nh s chia s cc Phng php Hiu qu ph trng cho ti liu
ny.
Ti liu Hng dn Scrum c pht trin v duy tr hn hai mi nm nay bi Jeff
Sutherland v Ken Schaber. Cc ngun khc s cung cp cho bn cc khun mu, quy trnh v
cc chi tit v cc bin php thc hnh, ng vin, v cng c vn hnh tt khung lm
vic Scrum. Chng s ti u ha nng sut, gi tr, sng to v lng t ho.