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Mc lc
CHNG 2: IN TON M MY .......................................................................... 2
2.1. Tng quan v in ton m my ........................................................................................ 2
2.1.1. Tng quan ..................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.2. u im ca in ton m my .................................................................................. 4
2.1.3. Nhc im ca in ton m my ............................................................................ 5
2.1.4. So snh vi kin trc client/server truyn thng ........................................................... 6
2.2. Dch v ca in ton m my ........................................................................................... 1
2.2.1. H tng hng dch v (Iaas) ........................................................................................ 1
2.2.2. Nn tng hng dch v (PaaS) .................................................................................... 1
2.2.3. Phn mm hng dch v (SaaS) .................................................................................. 3
2.3. Cc hnh thc trin khai in ton m my ....................................................................... 4
2.3.1. m my cng cng (public cloud) .............................................................................. 4
2.3.2. m my c nhn (private cloud) ................................................................................. 5
2.3.3. m my lai (hybrid cloud) .......................................................................................... 6
2.3.4. m my cng ng (community cloud) ..................................................................... 7














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CHNG 2: IN TON M MY
2.1. Tng quan v in ton m my
2.1.1. Tng quan
Hin nay c 1 s khi nim v in ton m my c cc nh nghin cu a ra
nh sau :
Theo Wikipedia
1
:
in ton m my l mt m hnh in ton c kh nng co gin linh ng v
cc ti nguyn thng c o ha cung cp nh mt dch v trn mng Internet.
Theo Ian Foster ( thuc phng th nghim quc gia Argonne - M):
in ton m my l mt m hnh in ton phn tn c tnh co gin ln hng
v mt kinh t, l ni cha cc sc mnh tnh ton, kho lu tr, cc nn tng v cc
dch v c trc quan, o ha v co gin linh ng, s c phn phi theo nhu cu
cho cc khch hng bn ngoi thng qua Internet.
in ton m my l mt dng thc in ton cung cp cc ti nguyn o ha v
c quy m di dng dch v qua mng Internet. Ngi dng khng cn ti nhng
kin thc chuyn mn qun l h tng cng ngh ny bi phn vic l dnh cho
cc nh cung cp dch v.
in ton m my l s kt hp gia cc khi nim: H tng hng dch v
(IaaS), Nn tng hng dch v (PaaS), Phn mm hng dch v (SaaS) v mt s
khi nim cng ngh mi. Dch v in ton m my thng cung cp cc trc tuyn
ng dng doanh nghip thng dng, c th truy xut qua trnh duyt web trong khi
phn mm v d liu c lu tr trn my ch ca nh cung cp.
2

Kt hp vi vic tm hiu v tham kho cc khi nim ca cc nh nghin cu nu
trn, nhm cng a ra mt khi nim v in ton m my nh sau :
in ton m my l mt dng m hnh in ton c tnh co gin, mi c s h
tng, phn mm u c o ha thnh cc dng dch v m ngi dng c th s
dng vi lu lng ty theo nhu cu ca mnh qua mang li hiu qu kinh t ln
cho ngi s dng cng nh y nhanh qu trnh trin khai cc h thng vn rt mt
thi gian khi cn p dng m hnh c


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Hnh 2.1 - Mi th u tp trung vo m my
[6]

Lch s xut hin ca in ton m my:
Thut ng in ton m my xut hin bt ngun t ng dng in ton li (grid
computing) trong thp nin 1980, tip theo l in ton theo nhu cu (utility computing)
v phn mm dch v (SaaS).
in ton li t trng tm vo vic di chuyn mt ti cng vic (workload) n a
im ca cc ti nguyn in ton cn thit s dng. Mt li l mt nhm my ch
m trn nhim v ln c chia thnh nhng tc v nh chy song song, c xem
l mt my ch o.
Vi in ton m my, cc ti nguyn in ton nh my ch c th c nh hnh
ng hoc ct nh t c s h tng phn cng nn v tr nn sn sng thc hin nhim
v, h tr nhng mi trng khng phi l in ton li nh Web ba lp chy cc ng
dng truyn thng hay ng dng Web 2.0.

Kin trc tng qut ca in ton m my:

Hnh 2.2 Kin trc tng quan in ton m my
[7]

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Kin trc ca in ton m my bao gm 3 tng :
H thng hng dch v ( Infrastructure as Service ).
Nn tng hng dch v ( Platform as Service).
Phn mm hng dch v ( Software as Service).
Cc hnh thc trin khai ca in ton m my: da vo nhu cu ca ngi dng
cng nh ca pha nh cung cp m hnh thnh nn bn phng thc trin khai in ton
m my trong thc t :
m my cng cng ( Public Cloud)
m my c nhn ( Private Cloud)
m my lai ( Hybrid Cloud)
m my cng ng ( Community Cloud)
in ton m my ang c pht ng bi nhiu nh cung cp, trong c
Amazon, Google, DataSynapse, v Salesforce cng nh nhng nh cung cp truyn
thng nh Sun Microsystems, HP, IBM, Intel v Microsoft. N ang c nhiu ngi
dng c nhn cho n nhng cng ty ln nh General Electric, LOral, Procter &
Gamble v Valeo chp nhn v s dng
2.1.2. u im ca in ton m my
- Tit kim v gim chi ph: chi ph u t ban u v c s h tng, my mc v
ngun nhn lc ca ngi s dng in ton m my c gim n mc thp nht. Khi
khch hng ngng s dng dch v th ti nguyn s c nh cung cp gii phng v
cho khch hng khc thu li. Khch hng s tn dng c ngun vn dng u t
cho thit b cho cc cng vic kinh doanh khc.
- Tc x l nhanh: ngi dng ca dch v in ton m my s tn dng c
sc mnh m cc siu my tnh ca nh cung cp mang li.
- a phng tin: khng cn ph thuc vo thit b v v tr a l, in ton m my
cho php ngi dng truy cp v s dng h thng thng qua trnh duyt web bt ky
u v trn bt ky thit b no m h s dng (chng hn l PC hoc l in thoi di
ng, v.v....)
- Chia se ti nguyn v chi ph trn mt a bn rng ln, mang li cc li ch cho
ngi dng nh:
Cng sut x l nhanh hn do ti nguyn c tp trung. Ngoi ra, ngi
dng khng cn phi u t v ngun nhn lc qun l h thng.
Kh nng khai thc v hiu sut c ci thin hn 10-20% so vi h thng
my tnh c nhn thng thng.
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- tin cy cao: in ton m my khng chi ginh cho ngi dng ph thng, m
cn ph hp vi cc yu cu cao v lin tc ca cc cng ty kinh doanh v cc nghin
cu khoa hc. Tuy nhin, mt vi dch v ln ca in ton m my i khi ri vo
trng thi qu ti, khin hot ng b ngng tr. Khi ri vo trng thi ny, ngi dng
khng c kh nng x l cc s c m phi nh vo cc chuyn gia t m my tin
hnh x l.
- Tnh co gin: kh nng m rng, co gin cc ti nguyn gip khch hng d dng c
cu li hot ng ca mnh khi c s thay i v quy m cng nh phng thc hot
ng.
- Bo mt: kh nng bo mt c ci thin do s tp trung v d liu.
- Bo tr v sa cha: cc ng dng ca in ton m my d dng sa cha hn
bi l chng khng c ci t c nh trn mt my tnh no v c i ng chuyn gia
trong ngnh chu trch nhim v vn bo tr, sa cha.
- Thng k ti nguyn: ti nguyn s dng ca in ton m my lun c qun l
v thng k trn tng khch hng v ng dng, theo tng ngy, tng tun, tng thng.
iu ny m bo cho vic nh lng gi c ca mi dch v do in ton m my
cung cp ngi dng c th la chn ph hp.
2.1.3. Nhc im ca in ton m my
- Ph thuc vo nh cung cp:
Ngy nay, kh nng tng tc gia cc nn tng khc nhau ca cc phn mm
c ci thin, nhng cc hm API (Application Programming Interface) ca in ton
m my vn cha c chun ha nn nu mt ngi dng vit mt ng dng trn nn
tng ca nh cung cp dch v th ng dng khng th chy c trn nn tng ca
nh cung cp dch v khc. Nh vy ngi dng ph thuc nh cung cp dch v l iu
bt li.
Nu cc nh cung cp dch v in ton m my cng nhau chun ha API th ngi
dng c th pht trin ng dng trn nn tng ca nhiu nh cung cp dch v. Khi h
thng cung cp dch v no gp s c th d liu ngi dng khng mt v n nm
u trn h thng ca cc nh cung cp dch v khc.
- Bo mt v kim tra d liu:
D liu lu trn m my c an ton khng? Nhng chc chn rng xc sut b ngi
khc khc truy xut rt cao, y thc s l mt thch thc trong bo mt d liu. Trc
ht ngi dng phi m ha d liu trc khi a ln m my lu tr, khi s dng tt
nhin phi gii m trn PC ca h. Ngi dng ghi nhn thng tin h thng x l cng
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vi s dng cc h iu hnh o khi cung cp dch v IaaS s lm cho ng dng ca mnh
kh b tn cng hn.
- Tc nghn trn ng truyn d liu v hiu qu PC:
C nhng ng dng khi bt u chy th d liu t, cng v sau d liu cng nhiu, c
ng dng chy trn Cloud v c th lu cc v tr khc nhau, khi chy ng dng ny
pht sinh vn chuyn d liu gia cc data center. Ngi dng phi tr ph vn chuyn
d liu gia cc data center, ng dng chy cng v sau th chi ph ny cng tng ln, y
l iu phi cn nhc.
Khi nhiu my tnh o cng chy, th vn chia s v CPU hay b nh t hiu qu
cao, nhng vn giao tip IO ca cc my o ny gy ra nhiu vn lin quan n
hiu sut my tnh.
- Nhu cu lu tr ngi dng:
Mc d in ton m my p ng linh hot nhu cu lu tr ca ngi nhng li gy
kh khn trong qun l h thng lu tr, chng hn mt ngi s dng mua mt khong
dung lng th phi cung cp cho ngi bao nhiu l ti u, va cho ngi dng
hay nhiu hn yu cu, nu c ch qun l khng ph hp s dn n tnh trng phn
mnh d liu, dn n qu trnh truy xut s kh khn hn.Nh vy, lm sao to ra mt
h thng lu tr tin li, p ng v nhu cu v kh nng lu tr ca ngi s dng ang
l vn phc tp phi gii quyt ca cc nh cung cp Cloud Computing Service.
2.1.4. So snh vi kin trc client/server truyn thng
in ton m my "m" hn, quan trng hn, gi re hn,.v.v.. Nh vy rt tin li
cho cc doanh nghip v t chc hot ng v gim chi ph. tr li ngn gn cu hi:
in ton m my c tht s hu ch cho mt t chc, cng ty hay khng? chng ta
phi xem xt: quy m, hnh thc hot ng,v.vv... c bit nu d liu l v cng quan
trng i vi h, chc hn ngi ta s xy dng mt h thng lu tr ring v n s vn
hnh theo m hnh clien/server truyn thng. i vi cc doanh nghip nh m d liu
khng quan trng lm, in ton m my s l gii php ti u do h khng phi chi ph
u t, qun l, bo tr, vn hnh h thng lu tr.
in ton m my c bn tnh cht ni bt so vi m hnh truyn thng
[4]
:
Kh nng co gin (Rapid elasticity)



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in ton m my
in ton m my c kh nng t
ng m rng hoc thu nh h thng
theo yu cu ngi dng (h thng s t
m rng hoc thu hp bng cch thm
hoc gim bt ti nguyn). Mt ngi
dng k hp ng thu mt Server gm
4 CPU. Nu lng truy cp thp chi cn
1 CPU l , khi h thng qun l ca
nh cung cp dch v s t ngt bt 3
CPU, ngi dng khng phi tr ph cho
3 CPU ni trn v chng c a sang
phc v ngi dng khc. n khi nhu
cu tng tc l lng truy cp tng, h
thng ngay lp tc s t ng thm CPU
vo, nu nhu cu vt qu 4 CPU th
ngi dng tr ph theo hp ng k
vi nh cung cp dch v in ton m
my.
Client/Server
m hnh truyn thng th vic nng
cp h thng xy ra rt kh khn v tn
rt nhiu chi ph ( mua thit b, lp t ).
Khi h thng ca bn chy khng ht
cng sut th bn cng khng th gim
cht lng hay s lng thit b v ti
nguyn xung c v nh vy h thng
ca bn s rt d gp s c trong qu
trnh vn hnh, t cho thy mt s
lng ph rt ln khi s dng m hnh
truyn thng.

Dch v theo nhu cu (On-demand self-service):
in ton m my
Ngi dng gi yu cu thng qua
trang web cung cp dch v, h thng
ca nh cung cp s p ng ngi
dng c th t phc v nh: tng gim
thi gian s dng server v dung lng
lu tr, v.v.. m khng cn phi trc tip
yu cu nh cung cp dch v, tc l mi
nhu cu khch hng u c x l trn
internet.
Client/Server
Bn s phi lin h trc tip vi nh
cung cp server/ hosting m bn ang s
dng.





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Truy xut:
in ton m my
Ngi dng c kt ni internet l c
th s dng dch v, dch v in ton
m my khng yu cu ngi dng phi
c kh nng x l cao, ngi dng c th
truy xut bng cc thit b di dng nh
in thoi, PDA v laptop.
Client/Server
Mt s doanh nghip s dng m hnh
truyn thng nhng t server ti chnh
ni lm vic th c th khng cn
internet cc hot ng vn din ra bnh
thng, tuy nhin cc ng dng chy
trn m hnh truyn thng a s chi chy
c trn my tnh c nhn.

Dng chung ti nguyn v iu tit dch v:
in ton m my
Nh cung cp dch v cho php ngi
dng dng chung ti nguyn do h cung
cp, ti nguyn c phn pht rt linh
hot ty theo nhu cu ca ngi dng.
Khi nhu cu ca mt ngi dng no
gim xung, lp tc phn ti nguyn d
tha s c phc v cho ngi dng
khc. Nu mt ngi dng 4 CPU t 7 -
n 11 gi hng ngy, mt ngi dng
khc thu 4 CPU tng t 13 gi n 17
gi hng ngy th h c th dng chung 4
CPU . Cloud Computing Service da
trn cng ngh o ha, ti nguyn y
a phn l ti nguyn o, chng c cp
pht linh hot ty theo nhu cu (ng)
ca tng ngi dng khc nhau, nh
cung cp dch v c th phc v nhiu
ngi dng hn so vi cch cp pht ti
nguyn (tnh) truyn thng. H thng
Cloud Computing Service t ng kim
sot v ti u ha s dng ti nguyn
bao gm: dung lng lu tr, n v x
l, bng thng .v.v
Client/Server
Cc nh cung cp s dng m hnh
truyn thng khng th no thc hin
vic linh ng ti nguyn nh m hnh
in ton m my. Gi s bn thu mt
my ch t Mt bo th chi c bn
mi c quyn s dng n, khi bn khng
s dng th nh cung cp cng khng c
quyn cp hay chia se my ch ny vi
bt c khch hng no khc.
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2.2. Dch v ca in ton m my
Nh nu chng mt, tt c ti nguyn ca in ton m my c t chc
thnh cc dch v cung cp mt cch linh hot cho ngi dng.
Dch v trn m my c phn thnh ba nhm chnh :

Hnh 2.4 Kin trc tng qut ca m my
[8]


2.2.1. H tng hng dch v (Iaas)
H tng hng dch v l cch m in ton m my cung cp c s h tng my
tnh (thng l mi trng o) nh l mt dch v. Thay v phi mua my ch, phn mm
hay thit b mng, khch hng c th mua cc ti nguyn nh l mt dch v bn ngoi.
Cc li ch m dch v ny mang li:
Cung cp ti nguyn nh l dch v: bao gm c my ch, thit b mng, b nh,
CPU, khng gian a cng, trang thit b trung tm d liu.
Kh nng m rng linh hot.
Chi ph thay i ty theo thc t.
Nhiu ngi thu c th cng dng chung trn mt ti nguyn.
V cp doanh nghip: em li li ch cho cng ty bi mt ngun ti nguyn
tnh ton tng hp.
2.2.2. Nn tng hng dch v (PaaS)
Nn tng hng dch v h tr vic trin khai ng dng m khng quan tm n chi
ph hay s phc tp ca vic trang b v qun l cc lp phn cng v phn mm bn
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di, cung cp tt c cc tnh nng cn thit h tr chu trnh sng y ca vic
xy dng v cung cp mt ng dng v dch v web sn sng trn internet m khng cn
bt k thao tc ti hay ci t phn mm cho nhng ngi pht trin, qun l tin hc hay
ngi dng cui.
Khi PaaS c sn nh mt dch v, nhng ngi pht trin phn mm c th kim sot
ton b vic pht trin v trin khai ng dng. PaaS cho php nhng ngi pht trin
phn mm to ra cc ng dng web ty chinh v pht hnh n mt cch nhanh chng, khi
nhiu rc ri nh vic thit lp hosting, servers, databases, qu trnh tng tc ngi
dng v nhng frameworks c ng gi.
Dch v App Engine ca Google l mt dch v PaaS in hnh, cho php khch hng
xy dng cc ng dng web vi mi trng chy ng dng v pht trin da trn ngn
ng lp trnh Java hoc Python.

Hnh 2.5 Platform as Service
[9]

Mt s c trng ca PaaS bao gm:
- Phc v cho vic pht trin, kim th, trin khai v vn hnh ng dng ging nh
l mi trng pht trin tch hp
- Cung cp cc cng c khi to vi giao din trn nn web
- C kin trc ng nht
- Tch hp dch v web v c s d liu
- H tr cng tc nhm pht trin
- Cung cp cc cng c h tr tin tch khc
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Vic s dng dch v ny mang li mt s li ch:
- u im trong nhng d n tp hp nhng cng vic nhm c s phn tn v a
l.
- Kh nng tch hp nhiu ngun ca dch v web.
- Gim chi ph ngoi l khi tch hp cc dch v v bo mt, kh nng m rng,
kim sot liv.vv...
- Gim chi ph khi tru tng ha cng vic lp trnh mc cao to dch v,
giao din ngi dng v cc yu t ng dng khc.
- Hng vic s dng cng ngh t c mc ch to iu kin d dng hn
cho vic pht trin ng dng a ngi dng cho nhng ngi khng chi trong
nhm lp trnh m c th kt hp nhiu nhm cng lm vic.
2.2.3. Phn mm hng dch v (SaaS)
Phn mm hng dch v l mt m hnh trin khai ng dng m nh cung cp
cho php ngi dng s dng dch v theo yu cu. Nhng nh cung cp SaaS c th lu
tr ng dng trn my ch ca h hoc ti ng dng xung thit b khch hng, v hiu
ha n sau khi kt thc thi hn. Cc chc nng theo yu cu c th c kim sot bn
trong chia se bn quyn ca mt nh cung cp ng dng th ba.

Hnh 2.6 Software as a Service
[10]

Mt s ng dng s dng dch v ny:
Qun l quan h khch hng (Customer Relationship Management, vit tt l
CRM). y l mt phng php gip cc doanh nghip tip cn v giao tip vi
khch hng mt cch c h thng v hiu qu, qun l cc thng tin ca khch
hng nh thng tin v ti khon, nhu cu, lin lcv.vv... nhm phc v khch hng
tt hn.
Dch v hi tho trc tuyn ( Video Conferencing )
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K ton
H qun tr ni dung web DotNetNuke
4

Li ch ln nht ca dch v ny mang li l chi ph thp. Nh cung cp dch v c th
a ra cc ng dng re hn v ng tin hn.
Ngoi ra cn mt s li ch khc nh:
S dng t nhn vin
S ty chinh: nhng ng dng trc y rt kh ty chinh v i hi hi cp nht
cc bn v li. ng dng SaaS d dng ty chinh v c th p ng chnh xc yu
cu ca t chc
Bo mt: SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) c s dng rng ri v tin cy
2.3. Cc hnh thc trin khai in ton m my
2.3.1. m my cng cng (public cloud)
L cc dch v in ton m my c mt bn th ba cung cp. Chng tn ti ngoi
tng la cng ty v c lu tr y v c nh cung cp m my qun l. Cc
m my cng cng c gng cung cp cho ngi dng vi cc phn t cng ngh thng
tin tt nht. Cho d l phn mm, c s h tng ng dng hoc c s h tng vt l,
nh cung cp m my chu trch nhim v ci t, qun l, cung cp v bo tr. Khch
hng chi chu ph cho cc ti nguyn no m h s dng, v th ti nguyn cha s dng
c loi b. Tt nhin iu ny lin quan n chi ph. Cc dch v ny thng c
cung cp vi quy c v cu hnh, ngha l chng c phn phi vi tng cung cp
cc trng hp s dng ph bin nht. Cc ty chn cu hnh thng l mt tp hp con
nh hn so vi nhng g m chng c nu ngun ti nguyn c ngi tiu dng
kim sot trc tip. Mt iu khc cn lu l k t khi ngi tiu dng c quyn kim
sot mt cht trn c s h tng, cc quy trnh i hi an ninh cht ch v tun th quy
nh di lut khng phi lc no cng thch hp cho cc m my chung.
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Hnh 2.7 m my cng cng
[11]

2.3.2. m my c nhn (private cloud)
L cc dch v m my c cung cp trong doanh nghip. Nhng m my ny tn
ti bn trong tng la cng ty v chng c doanh nghip qun l. Cc m my ring
a ra nhiu li ch ging nh cc m my chung thc hin vi s khc bit chnh:
doanh nghip c trch nhim thit lp v bo tr m my ny.
S kh khn v chi ph ca vic thit lp mt m my bn trong i khi c th c
chiu hng ngn cn vic s dng v chi ph hot ng lin tc ca m my c th
vt qu chi ph ca vic s dng mt m my chung. Cc m my c nhn a ra
nhiu li th hn so vi loi cng cng. Vic kim sot chi tit hn trn cc ti nguyn
khc nhau ang to thnh mt m my mang li cho cng ty tt c cc ty chn cu hnh
c sn. Ngoi ra, cc m my ring l l tng khi cc kiu cng vic ang c thc
hin khng thit thc cho mt m my cng cng, do ng vi cc mi quan tm v an
ninh v v qun l.
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Hnh 2.8 m my c nhn
[12]

2.3.3. m my lai (hybrid cloud)
L mt s kt hp ca cc m my cng cng v c nhn. Nhng m my ny
thng do doanh nghip to ra v cc trch nhim qun l s c phn chia gia doanh
nghip v nh cung cp m my cng cng. m my lai s dng cc dch v c trong
c khng gian cng cng v c nhn.
Cc m my lai l cu tr li khi mt cng ty cn s dng cc dch v ca c hai
m my ring v cng cng. Theo hng ny, mt cng ty c th phc tho cc mc
tiu v nhu cu ca cc dch v v nhn c chng t m my cng cng hay c nhn,
khi thch hp.
Mt m my lai c xy dng tt c th phc v cc quy trnh nhim v-ti hn, an
ton, nh nhn cc khon thanh ton ca khch hng, cng nh nhng th l khng quan
trng bng kinh doanh, nh x l bng lng nhn vin.
Hn ch chnh vi m my ny l s kh khn trong vic to ra v qun l c hiu qu
mt gii php nh vy.
i hc Cng ngh thng tin Khoa Cng ngh phn mm
7


Hnh 2.9 m my lai
[13]

2.3.4. m my cng ng (community cloud)
L cc m my c chia se bi mt s t chc v h tr mt cng ng c th c
mi quan tm chung (v d nh chung s mnh, yu cu an ninh, chnh sch, v.v... ). N
c th c qun l bi cc t chc hoc mt bn th ba.
Mt m my cng ng c th c thit lp bi mt s t chc c yu cu tng t v
tm cch chia se c s h tng thc hin mt s li ch ca in ton m my. Ty
chn ny l tn km hn nhng c th p ng v s ring t, an ninh hoc tun th cc
chnh sch tt hn.
i hc Cng ngh thng tin Khoa Cng ngh phn mm
8


Hnh 2.10 m my cng ng
[14]