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1

.. Double Pipe

2


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.1
.2

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1 Figure



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.. Reynolds

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( )

:
.3
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.6
4

..
Reynolds

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1883
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( )Osborne Reynolds -

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. 5

.
.1 Differential Pressure
.2 Positive Displacement

...

.3Velocity
.4Mass
.5 - Open-Channel

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.
.

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.
.
. (-
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.
Orifice Orifice .

.

Orifice
.
.
.

.

...

Venturi Venturi
. Venturi
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.

. 4
.
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..
Reynolds

:
.1 ( - )Laminar .
. .
.2 ( - )Transition
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.3 ( - )Turbulent
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.. - Reynolds

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2


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(

( )

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:
2

1
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( )

1
2

..

( )1 .
:

(
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2

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1

.1 Venturi
( ) 1 -
( )2

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2

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2
2
4

4 (1

( )

Discharge 1 (
Venturi 1 )

.2 Orifice ( /) . -
. -
Venturi Orifice

Orifice . Venturi

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0/6

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Reynolds
:
.1
.2
.3
.4 ( )
.5
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.7 ( )
.8
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. Reynolds

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( )1 ( )2 ( )8
( )10( )9 .


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Reynolds
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10

..

Reynolds

11

.. Reynolds

) Laminar

2 1
3 4662

10

6 6

1 0504

0 0222

10

10 4
3 4662

10 4
13

13

100

13


0 021

582 24

0 0222
0 001

3
1000
0 8007

) Transitional


0 08485

5 10 4 3
17 3 4662 10

10
17

500

17


2225 36

0 021

0 08485
0 001

3
1000
0 8007

) Turbulent


0 2885

5 10 4 3
3 4662 10

10
5

500


7566 5

..
Venturi
) 900

0 021

0 2885
0 001

3
1000
0 8007

12

.. Venturi

1
3600

0 00025
2

10

1
1000
10 3 2

490 9

900

25

( )
0 51
1000

1 8

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0 00025
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10

1
1000
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490 9

1000
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10

( )
0 564
1 881

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4
3

1000

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0 000277
490 9 10

2
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13

.. Venturi

1
3600

0 00025
2

10

490 9

1
1000
10 3 2

900

25

( )
0 51
7 869

900

(25

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1000
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0 00025
490 9 10

2
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1
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1000
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490 9

1000
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10

( )
0 564
8 62

25

4
3

1000

2(44 8175

8 6175
1000
4
10
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0 000277
490 9 10

2
2
2
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1

(2

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1 3792

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25

2
1

2
1

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