KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS.

inh Vn Hip

- 1

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011
BI HC CHO CNG TC PHT TRIN V QUN L NG B THNG QUA
NGHIN CU NH GI SAU D N NNG CP QUC L 5

KS. Nguyn Vn Cng
1
& TS. inh Vn Hip
2



Tm tt: Cng tc nh gi mc ph hp vi mc tiu ban u ra, hiu qu u t, tc
ng n mi trng v x hi, v vn pht trin bn vng ca d n trong giai on vn
hnh v khai thc cha c quan tm mt cch c khoa hc, c lun chng, v cha c
xem xt l quy trnh bt buc trong cng tc u t d n. Bi vit ny s cp vn trn
v nghin cu c th cho D n Nng cp Quc l 5, nhm a ra mt s bi hc v kin ngh
ban u trong cng tc pht trin v qun l ng b ti Vit Nam.


1. Gii thiu chung
Trong nhng nm gn y, Chnh ph c bit quan tm trong vic nng cp v pht trin c
s h tng giao thng ng b nhm thc Ny s pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc.
Quy trnh ca vng i d n u t hin nay ch mi quan tm n cng tc thc hin u t,
xy dng, vn hnh v khai thc thng qua 4 giai on: l (1) hnh thnh, (2) chuNn b, (3)
thc hin, v (4) kt thc. Vic nh gi mc ph hp vi mc tiu ban u ra, hiu qu
u t, tc ng n mi trng v x hi, v vn pht trin bn vng ca d n trong giai
on vn hnh v khai thc cha c quan tm mt cch c khoa hc, c lun chng, v
cha c xem xt l quy trnh bt buc trong cng tc u t d n. Trong Tp ch GTVT s
12/2010 [1], Tc gi ca bi vit phn tch cc vn tn ti ny ti Vit N am
3
v xut
m hnh qun l vng i d n u t giao thng ng b c tch hp phng thc nh
gi sau d n. M hnh qun l vng i d n (PCM) [5] do Hip hi N ghin cu Pht trin
Quc t (FASID) c s dng lm c s cho vic xy dng m hnh xut. Cng tc nh
gi sau d n xem xt cc vn quan trng ca d n nh l mc tiu tng th, mc ch d
n, kt qu u ra, v d liu u vo. c bit, vic thc hin m hnh xut s gip cc
nh qun l v u t c c cc iu chnh cn thit cho qu trnh vn hnh hiu qu ca d
n, hoc rt ra c cc bi hc kinh nghim ph hp cho cc d n tip theo c hiu qu
hn.

Trong bi vit ny, tc gi da trn m hnh xut nh gi li D n u t nng cp
Quc l 5 theo 5 tiu ch: l tnh ph hp, tnh hiu lc, tnh hiu qu, tnh tc ng, v
tnh bn vng ca d n trong qu trnh s dng/vn hnh. Cc bc thc hin c th c
trnh by Hnh 1: l (1) Tm lc v d n cn nh gi; (2) Xy dng h thng ch tiu
nh gi v la chn phng php thu thp s liu; (3) Thu thp, x l s liu, v a ra kt
qu nh gi; v (4) Kin ngh v bi hc kinh nghim. S liu s dng cho nghin cu c
thu thp v cp nht t cc bo co lin quan ca JICA [6], t cc c quan qun l, v c
iu tra kho st trc tip bi Tc gi. Thng qua vic ng dng m hnh - c th l phng
thc nh gia sau d n - vo d n thc t, bi vit s a ra mt s bi hc v kin ngh
ban u trong qun l d n u t xy dng c s h tng ng b ti Vit N am.

1
Hc vin Thc s, Khoa Sau i hc - Trng i hc Xy dng
2
Ging vin B mn ng t & ng thnh ph; Ph Vin Trng - Vin Quy hoch v K thut
Giao thng Vn ti Trng i hc Xy dng.
3
Cc thc trng trong cng tc thc hin v qun l d n cng c nhiu tc gi khc cp trong
cc nghin cu [2, 3, 4].
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 2

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011

Hnh 1. Chu trnh thc hin nh gi sau d n
2. Kt qu thc hin
2.1. Gii thiu v Quc l 5
Quc l 5 (QL5) l ng giao thng huyt mch
ni cm cng Hi Phng vi Th H N i.
im u ti Km166 quc l 1A (Cu Chui Gia
Lm H N i), im cui l Cng Cha V thnh
ph Hi Phng, giao vi QL3 (Km59) v QL 10
(Km77), chiu di ton tuyn 106 km (Hnh 2).
Vi mt ct ngang ph bin l 4 ln xe (on t
km0+00 n km6+600 l 6 ln xe) v c di phn
cch cng rng 1.2-1.5m.


Hnh 2. S v tr Quc l 5
2.2. Tm lc v d n
Tin hnh thu thp s liu ca d n cn nh gi v cc vn nh l mc tiu tng th, mc
ch d n, kt qu u ra v d liu u vo c th hin nh trong Bng 1.
Bng 1. Tm lc vn cn nh gi [6]
Tm lc vn cn nh gi
Mc tiu tng th
- N ng cao kh nng tip cn, thc Ny pht trin kinh t.
- Ci thin mc sng ca ngi vng d n
Mc ch d n
- p ng nhu cu giao thng ngy cng tng
- Giao thng trong khu vc c thun tin, nng cao hiu qu trong
vic vn ti hng ha v hnh khch
Kt qu u ra
- Gim thi gian, tng tc v chi ph vn chuyn gim.
- Thc Ny pht trin kinh t
- Thu ht c lng u t ln
- Tng nhu cu giao thng, gim n tc.
- N ng cp Quc l 5 thnh ng Cp I theo TCVN 4054-85
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 3

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011
- T vn v k thut v qun l
D liu u vo
- Thc hin d n theo k hoch l 53 thng (1/1994 6/1998).
- Tng mc u t d n theo k hoch l 27.379 triu Yn.
- S tham gia ca cc chuyn gia, cc cn b ban QLDA, cc n v
t vn v nh thu thi cng.
2.3. Xy dng h thng ch tiu nh gi
H thng cc ch tiu c bn theo 5 tiu ch nh gi chnh nh l tnh ph hp, tnh hiu lc,
tnh hiu qu, tnh tc ng v tnh bn vng, c th hin nh trong Bng 2.
Bng 2. Cc ch tiu nh gi [1]
Tiu ch Cc ch tiu nh gi
Tnh ph hp
o Ph hp vi chnh sch pht trin.
o Ph hp vi nhu cu giao thng ca a phng v khu vc
Tnh hiu lc
o Chi ph thc hin d n
o Mc hon thnh kt qu u ra ca d n
o Thi gian thc hin d n
Tnh hiu qu
- Ch tiu kinh t
o Ch tiu (IRR, N PV, VOC, B/C, )
- Ch tiu giao thng
o Lu lng giao thng, tc xe chy, mc hi lng ca ngi
s dng,
Tnh tc ng
- Tc ng cc:
o Thc Ny pht trin kinh t
- Tc ng tiu cc:
o Tai nn giao thng
o Cnh quan v mi trng
Tnh bn vng
o Tnh hnh hot ng bo tr
o Qun l xe qu ti trng
o Qun l hnh lang ng b
2.4. Phn tch s liu iu tra v nh gi theo 5 tiu ch
2.4.1. Tnh ph hp
D n c nng cp vi mc tiu d n nm trong chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi, k
hoch v chin lc pht trin ng b ca Vit N am nh trong Quyt nh s 1327/Q-
TTg, 2009 [7]. N goi ra, cn p ng c lu lng giao thng ngy cng tng, cng nh
nhu cu vn ti bng ng b ngy cng pht trin, c th hin nh trn Hnh 3.
Ngun: Tng cc thng k [8]
Hnh 3. Khi lng vn chuyn hnh ha v hnh khch bng ng b

N h vy, nng cp QL5 c thc hin ph hp vi chnh sch pht trin v nhu cu giao
thng ca a phng. Do , s ph hp ca d n ny l rt cao.

2.4.2. Tnh hiu lc
Theo k hoch ban u, d n c trin khai thc hin trong thi gian l 53 thng (1/1994 -
6/1998) vi tng s chi ph l 27.379 triu Yn [6]. Trong khi , thc t kt qu u ra c
hon thnh theo k hoch ban u trong thi gian thi cng l 97 thng (1/1994 - 1/2002) vt
83% k hoch v vi chi ph l 22.343 triu Yn thp hn 18% d ton ban u. V vy, tnh
hiu lc ca d n c nh gi mc va phi.
Hng ha
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
T
r
i

u

t

nH Ni
Hng Yn
Hi Dng
Hi Phng
100
200
300
400
500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
C nc
Hnh khch
0
10
20
30
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
T
r
i

u

n
g

i
Hng Yn
Hi Dng
Hi Phng
0
500
1000
1500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
C nc
H Ni
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 4

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011

2.4.3. Tnh hiu qu
Trong phm vi nghin cu tc gi cp n cc ch tiu chnh nh l lu lng giao thng,
v thi gian i li.
(1) - Lu lng giao thng trn QL5 c quy i ra xe con nh trn Hnh 4. Qua , ta thy
lu lng giao thng thc t trong nm 2008 (27.954 PCU
4
/ngy), vt 45% so vi d bo
nm 2008 (19.204 PCU/ngy). N h vy, lu lng giao thng tng gn gp i so vi d bo
ban u, do tc pht trin kinh t khu vc xung quanh, c bit l pht trin cng nghip
thng qua cc cng Hi Phng. Vic lu lng giao thng tng nhanh lm kh nng thng
hnh ca ng khng p ng c dn n n tc trong gi cao im. Mt khc, khng c
t d tr m rng v nng cp. Do vy, nhu cu xy dng tuyn mi l cn thit p
ng c v Tnh hiu qu v Tnh bn vng. Hin nay, tuyn ng cao tc H N i Hi
Phng ang trong qu trnh tin hnh u t v xy dng p ng nhu cu thc t ny.

Ngun: Khu qun l ng b 2 (RRMU 2)
Ghi ch: Khi tnh lu lng giao thng thc t trn cng mt a im nh s liu ban u v mc tiu (km28)
khng c sn, s liu v tr sn c gn nht nm 2008 l (km12) c s dng.
Hnh 4. Lu lng giao thng trn Quc l 5

(2) - Bn cnh , theo s liu iu tra kt qu cho thy thi gian i li gia H N i v Hi
Phng (106 km) mt khong 2 gi. N guyn nhn, do qun l hnh lang ng b khng tt,
hai bn ng b ln chim sinh sng hnh thnh cc khu dn c. Do , c quan qun l
phi cm bin hn ch tc t 40 ~ 80 km/h i vi cc phng tin khc nhau cho QL5
trn cc on i qua khu vc ng dn c (theo thng k c ti gn 1/3 chiu di ng b
hn ch tc t 40-50 km/h), nn tc xe chy khng th vt qu tc quy nh. Tuy
nhin, thi gian c th rt xung khong di 1.5 gi vo thi gian m khuya, do vic li xe
khng tun th cc quy nh v hn ch tc . N h vy, tnh c ng ca QL5 b hn ch
khng m bo yu cu v tnh nng ca hnh thc Quc l v gim hiu qu kinh t - x hi.
2.4.4. Tnh tc ng
Trong phm vi nghin cu tc gi cp n cc ch tiu chnh nh l (1) v mt tch cc
(thc Ny pht trin kinh t), v (2) v mt tiu cc (tai nn giao thng, v nh hng ca
nhim mi trng).
(1) - V mt tch cc, tc pht trin kinh t ca cc tnh dc theo QL5 trong nhng nm
u th k 21 c th hin qua cc s liu nh l 1) GDP tng trng nhanh hn so vi c
nc, c bit l trong lnh vc cng nghip (Bng 3); 2) u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI)

4
Cc h s sau y c p dng tnh ton quy i ra xe con: xe con = 1.00; xe ti nh = 1.25; xe ti trung = 2.25; nng
xe ti vi 3 trc = 3.00; nng xe ti vi ln hn 3 trc = 4.00; Xe but nh = 1.50; xe but ln = 3.00; xe p = 0.2; xe my =
0.3
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Ban u
1993
(km28)
Mc tiu
2008
(km28)
Thc t
2008
(km12)
Xe ti
Xe but
Ti nh
Xe con
P
C
U
/
n
g

y
Mc tiu nm 2008
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 5

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011
thay i cng vi s pht trin ca khu cng nghip (Hnh 5); 3) Khi lng hng ho qua
cc cng Hi Phng gia tng nhanh chng (Bng 4).

Bng 3. Tc tng trng GDP trung bnh 2003- 2006 (theo gi so snh vi nm 1994)
C nc H N i Hng Yn Hi Dng Hi Phng
Tng 7.9% 11.7% 12.27% 11.7% 11.3%
Cng nghip 10.4% 13.8% 20.45% 13.3% 15.8%
N ng nghip 3.9% -0.6% 4.49% 4.4% 3.2%
Dch v 7.6% 10.8% 15.17% 12.3% 8.7%
Ngun: Tng cc thng k [8]
Ghi ch: S liu ca Hng Yn ly trung bnh t 2001-2005,ca H Ni ly trung bnh t 2004-2007.
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Hng Yn Hi Dng Hi Phng
T
r
i

u

U
S
D

Ngun: Tng cc thng k [8]
Hnh 5. u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI)
Bng 4. Khi lng hng vn chuyn qua cc cng Hi Phng
V: 1000 tn
1995 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Tng 4.515 12.733 13.207 14.043 17.207 24.041 28.572 32.925
Xut khNu 493 1.399 1.543 1.993 2.698 4.184 5.344 4.988
Ngun: Cc thng k Hi Phng nm 2009 [8]

(2) - V mt tiu cc, tnh hnh tai nn giao thng trong c nc nm 2002 c s tai nn nhiu
nht vi 27.134 v. Tuy nhin, vi n lc gim ti nn giao thng trn cc tuyn Quc l
trong c nc, n nm 2009 tnh hnh c ci thin vi 10.805 v (Hnh 6). Tuy nhin,
t l tai nn trn QL5 l cao hn trn cc Quc l khc v c su hng ngy mt gia tng
(Bng 5). N guyn nhn chnh gy ra cc v tai nn l cc xe chy qu tc cho php chim
93% (Bng 6). Trong , xe khch chim t l cao nht vi 95%, tip theo l xe my chim
4%, v t l gy t vong cao nht l xe my chim 20% (Bng 7).

0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
S v 20733 22468 25040 27134 19852 16911 14141 14161 13985 12163 10805
Thng vong 6670 7500 10477 12800 11319 11739 11184 12373 12800 11318 10168
Thng tch 23911 25400 29188 30999 20400 15142 11760 11097 10266 7885 6989
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
S

n
g

t
a
i

n

n

Ngun: y ban An ton Giao thng Quc gia (2006) [9]
Hnh 6. S lng v tai nn trong c nc
Bng 5. S v tai nn trn 1 Km ca cc Quc l
1994 2003 2004 2005 2006
QL.3 - 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.8
QL.5 2.4 3.4 3.6 4.2 4.2
QL.10 - 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.2
QL.18 - 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9
Ngun: y ban An ton Giao thng Quc gia (2006) [9]
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 6

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011

Bng 6. N guyn nhn gy tai nn giao thng trn QL5 (2003-2005)
V tai nn Thng vong Thng tch
STT N guyn nhn
S v % S ngi % S ngi %
1 Tc cao 1102 93.3 67 88.2 202 87.4
2 Li xe khng cNn thn 22 1.9 2 2.6 12 5.2
3 N gi qua ng 36 3.0 2 2.6 8 3.5
4 Thiu quan st 2 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.4
5 Li xe say ru 1 0.1 1 1.3 0 0.0
6 Ln ln ng 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0
7 Li xe ng gt 2 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0
8 Xe qu ti 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
9 Vi phm php lut 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
10 Xe hng 4 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.9
11 Khc 11 0.9 4 5.3 6 2.6
Tng cng 1181 100.0 76 100.0 231 100.0
Ngun: y ban An ton Giao thng Quc gia (2006) [9]

Bng 7. Phng tin gy tai nn giao thng trn QL5 (2003-2005)
V tai nn Thng vong Thng tch
STT Phng tin
S v % S ngi % S ngi %
1 Xe p 2 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.4
2 Xe my 49 4.1 15 19.7 50 21.6
3 Xe khch 1125 95.3 61 80.3 180 77.9
4 Xe ti nh 3 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0
5 Xe ti nng 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
6 Xe ti siu nng 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0
7 Hnh khch 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
8 Khch b hnh 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
9 Khc 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tng cng 1181 100.0 76 100.0 231 100.0
Ngun: y ban An ton Giao thng Quc gia (2006) [9]

N goi ra, theo cuc iu tra kho st ca Tc gi ti cc khu dn c dc tuyn, cc vn v
bi, ting n v rung ng mang li bi d n nh hng n cuc sng ca ngi dn sinh
sng dc hai bn ng. N goi ra, nhim do rc thi hai bn ng lm nh hng nghim
trng n cnh quan v mi trng, c th hin nh trn Hnh 7.









Hnh 7. Rc thi hai bn ng Quc l 5

2.4.5. Tnh bn vng
Trong phm vi nghin cu tc gi cp n cc ch tiu chnh nh l (1) cng tc bo tr, (2)
kim sot ti trng xe v (3) qun l hnh lang bo v ng v hnh lang an ton giao thng.
(1) - Theo kho st hin trng, kt qu cho thy: Cng tc bo tr v tnh trng ti chnh
c quan tm. Thi gian qua, QL5 ang c bo tr bng ngun vn thuc d n ca N gn
hng Th gii (WB4) ti mt s on tuyn trong nm 2009 v 2010 nh c th hin trong
Bng 8. Tuy vy, do hn ch v ngun vn cn rt nhiu on tuyn cha c xem xt u
t bo tr kp thi dn n cht lng vn doanh km v lm gim tui th ca cng trnh.
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 7

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011
Bn cnh , cn nhiu h hng khc nh l h hng ro phn cch, di phng h, v b va
di phn cch b tng xi mng vn tn ti v cha c x l kp thi.
Bng 8. Tnh trng ti chnh cho cng tc qun l v bo tr
VT: Triu VND
Nm 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Chi ph Vn hnh & Bo tr cho QL.5*) 10308 10549 28998 15061 12118 15563 -
Qun l & sa cha thng xuyn 6431 7127 10021 5320 3347 9331 -
Bo tr 3877 3422 18977 9741 8771 6232 -
Ngn sch bo tr thuc d n ca Ngn
hng Th gii (WB4)**)
- - - -
104000
1)
137000
2)

Ngun: *) Khu qun l ng b 2 (RRMU 2) **) Tng Cc ng b Vit Nam (DRVN)
Ghi ch: 1) on tuyn t Km 47+000 n Km 76+000
2) on tuyn t Km 11+135 n Km 47+000. Ngoi ra, DRVN ang tin hnh trnh xin cp tip
ngun vn bo tr cho on tuyn Km 76+000 n Km 93+000 vi chi ph 111000 triu VND.
(2) - Theo kho st hin trng, mt ng theo
hng Hi Phng - H N i ang b h hng nhiu
hn bi cc xe ti nng ch hng nhp t cng, v
hnh thnh cc vt lm bnh xe (Hnh 8). Bn cnh ,
theo s liu t D n N ng cp Mng li Quc l
(2006) [10]. Ta thy, trong phm v t Km76-Km93
tnh trng mt ng theo chiu v H N i b h hng
nhiu hn (Hnh 9).



Hnh 8. Vt lm bnh xe theo hng

Hi Phng H N i
Hng H Ni Hi Phng
47% mt ng tt, 44% mt ng cn bo
tr/thm li v 9% mt ng cn nng cp
Hng Hi Phng H Ni
3% mt ng tt, 82% mt ng cn bo
tr/thm li v 15% mt ng cn nng cp
Ngun: RNIP (2006) [10].
Hnh 9. Tnh trng h hng mt ng trn Quc l 5
(3) - Theo quan st, c n 1/2 chiu di tuyn ng ny b th ha, ti nhng v tr qua
khu dn c hin nay nh dn nm st ngay l ng c th hin nh Hnh 10. N goi ra,
tnh trng hp ch cn ty tin, hng qun, ngi mua bn ng ln ra ln ng dnh cho xe
th s, in hnh nh cc ch: ng Ci (Vn Lm - Hng Yn), Tha Mi (Qu Ho -
Hng Yn), Tin Trung (N am Sch - Hi Dng) nh th hin trn Hnh 11.










Hnh 10. Hnh nh nh dn hai bn Quc l 5
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 8

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011










Hnh 11. Hnh nh hp ch trn Quc l 5
3. Kt lun
Bi vit s dng m hnh qun l vng i d n xut, v c th p dng phng thc
nh gi sau d n vo D n u t nng cp QL 5. Thng qua ng dng thc t, bi vit
cho thy tnh kh thi p dng m hnh xut v ban u a ra cc kin ngh v bi hc v
cng tc pht trin v qun l d n h tng ng b. Cc kt qu phn tch theo 5 ch tiu
c nu v kt lun phn trn, di y ch tm lc mt s kin ngh chnh nh sau:
1- Khi thc hin cc d n u t pht trin ng b, cn nghin cu xy dng ch
ti v qun l hnh lang an ton giao thng ng b, ng thi cn m bo qu t
d tr cho vic nng cp m rng ng trong tng lai. D n u t cn phi m
bo c v Tnh hiu qu v Tnh bn vng.
2- gii quyt vn ca d n thc ti, cn t chc giao thng v b tr g/vch
gim tc trc cc im sang ng v tuyn truyn nng cao thc v an ton giao
thng cho ngi dn sng hai bn ng, nh l gim tnh trng ngi i b sang
ng bng cch tro qua di phn cch (Hnh 12). Gp phn gim tai nn giao thng
trn QL5.








Hnh 12. N gi dn tro di phn cch qua ng trn Quc l 5
3- Vi nhng tuyn ng c xe ti nng chim t l ln nh trn QL5, cn xem xt
t trm cn kim sot ti trng xe cng cc ch ti qun l nh tham kho trn Hnh
13, hoc phi xy dng kt cu cng trnh ph hp vi iu kin ti trng thc t theo
tng hng khc nhau. Tuy nhin, vic t trm cn cn phi xem xt n hot ng
kinh doanh vn ti sao cho ph hp v hiu qu, trnh gy kh khn cho cc n v
hot ng kinh doanh vn ti. N goi ra, cn thit lp ngun vn bo tr m bo
Tnh hiu qu, Tnh bn vng v ch ng trong p ng cng tc bo tr nhm nng
cao cht lng khai thc v ko di tui th cng trnh.







Ngun:http://www.irdinc.com/
Hnh 13. Hnh nh trm cn kim sot ti trng xe
KS. Nguyn Vn Cng & TS. inh Vn Hip

- 9

Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti B Giao thng Vn ti, s 03/2011
N h vy, kt qu nghin cu nh gi sau d n, gip cho cc nh qun l nh gi c hiu
qu u t cho d n hin ti, c nhng gii php iu chnh kp thi v ph hp trong qu
trnh vn hnh d n, hoc rt ra c cc bi hc kinh nghim ph hp cho cc d n tip
theo c hiu qu hn em li li ch cho x hi. N goi ra, m hnh xut tch hp vi
phng thc nh gi sau d n c th ng dng vo trong u t d n thuc cc lnh vc
khc.

Ti liu tham kho
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