H Minh Tun v tg Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH 111(11): 57 - 61

57


THC TRNG V GII PHP THC Y SN XUT V TIU TH
RAU AN TON TI THI NGUYN

H Minh Tun
*
, Nguyn Th Bch Ngc
Trng i hc Nng Lm H Thi Nguyn

TM TT
ti c trin khai nhm phn tch thc trng v a ra cc gii php thc y sn xut v tiu
th rau an ton (RAT) ti Thi Nguyn. Phng php thu thp s liu nh tnh v nh lng cng
vi phng php phn tch v thc y s tham gia ca cc bn lin quan (c quan chuyn mn v
ngi sn xut) c s dng trin khai ti cc khu vc trng rau chnh ca tnh trong thi gian
thng 6-12/2011. Kt qu cho thy, nhn thc ca ngi tiu dng v RAT, c ch v nng lc h
tr ca chnh quyn a phng cng nh tm nhn lu di v ng lc sn xut RAT ca ngi
dn cn hn ch. Cn c c ch h tr v ch ti cht ch p dng cho ngi sn xut, khuyn
khch u t ca doanh nghip, ng thi vic nng cao nhn thc ngi tiu dng thng qua
thng tin i chng v cng ng cn c tng cng.
T kha: Rau an ton, VietGAP, sn xut, knh tiu th, th trng.

T VN
*

S th ha nhanh chng v i sng ci
thin v ang thc y ngi dn quan tm
nhiu n an ton thc phm i vi cc mt
hng rau qu ti Vit Nam c bit l cc
thnh ph ln (Mergenthaler et al. 2007; Wijk
2008). Tuy nhin, vic sn xut rau sch cha
p ng c nhu cu, mc d hng dn v
thc hnh nng nghip tt (VietGAP) i vi
rau qu c Nh Nc ban hnh vo u
nm 2008 (Nguyen 2008); ng c thc phm
do lm dng ha cht BVTV xy ra kh ph
bin (Jansen et al. 1996; Shepherd & Tam
2007). Do vy, m rng v pht trin sn xut
RAT c coi nh mt chin lc bn vng
v hiu qu v mt mi trng, cn thit c
trin khai khc phc nhng vn trn.
Ti Thi Nguyn, sn xut rau c pht
trin thnh cc khu chuyn canh tp trung (
Th Thn 2010). Mt s hot ng nh t chc
tp hun, la chn khu vc sn xut c
trin khai; tuy nhin cc chng trnh ny cha
thnh cng nh mong i. S hn ch v u
t, lp k hoch v hng dn khng chi tit,
thiu nghin cu v th trng, lin kt lng
lo gia cc bn lin quan v cha xy dng
c thng hiu cho sn phm..., c coi l
cc yu t hn ch chnh vic pht trin sn

*
Tel. 0912 849 009; Email: haminhtuan@tuaf.edu.vn
xut RAT ti Thi Nguyn. Do vy, ti
c trin khai song song vi hp phn p
dng quy trnh sn xut RAT cho mt s loi
rau in hnh ti Thi Nguyn nhm mc ch:
phn tch thc trng v xc nh cc gii php
trong vic sn xut v tiu th rau an ton trn
din rng cho tnh Thi Nguyn.
NI DUNG, PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
i tng v phm vi nghin cu: Cc c
quan chuyn mn, n v kinh doanh, v
i din 30 h h trng rau thuc thnh ph
Thi Nguyn.
Ni dung nghin cu: phn tch thc trng
trong sn xut v tiu th RAT.
Phng php nghin cu: Phng php
trin khai c kt hp c phng php thu
thp thng tin nh tnh v nh lng. Cc
thng tin tng quan chung c thu thp bng
cng c nghin cu ti liu th cp. Phn tch
cc bn lin quan (SA - Stakeholder Analysis)
c p dng theo phng php tip cn ca
Varvasovszky & Brugha (2000).
Mc tham gia (levels of engagement)
(Logan 2009) ph thuc vo tng ni dung, t
thng bo n tham vn, hp tc v
trao quyn cho ngi tham gia tho lun v
quyt nh gii php ring ca h trong vic
pht trin sn xut v tiu th RAT.
Thi gian nghin cu: thng 6-12/2011.
H Minh Tun v tg Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH 111(11): 57 - 61

58

KT QU NGHIN CU
SA c p dng trong hoch nh chnh
sch, qun l v trin khai d n (Brugha &
Varvasovszky 2000). Da vo phn tch cc
bn lin quan theo phng php SA c th
xy dng c cc chin lc ti u ha
s h tr hoc gim thiu nhng tc ng tiu
cc m cc bn lin quan c th em li. Do
, i vi tng bn lin quan, cc phng
php tip cn v mc thc y s tham gia
s c p dng.
K tha t cc nghin cu trc y cng vi
phng php Snowball (Phng php xc
nh cc bn lin quan khc t kt qu phng
vn cc i tng trc ) trong iu tra
(Coleman 1958, Goodman 1961), cc bn lin
quan c xc nh, gm: (1) S nng nghip
v pht trin nng thn (NN&PTNT) tnh
(gm cc n v trc thuc nh trong Hnh
1); (2) S Khoa hc v cng ngh; (3) Vin
nghin cu Rau qu (H Ni); v (5) Trung
tm kim nh v chng nhn cht lng Vit
Nam (QUACERT).
Kt qu i thoi v phng vn c nhn vi
cc bn lin quan c trnh by trong Hnh
1. Chi cc BVTV, phng trng trt v trung
tm khuyn nng c S NN&PTNT giao
nhim v h tr k thut cho ngi sn xut.
Mt s m hnh sn xut rau an ton c
trin khai c m t tm tt trong Bng 1.
Mc d c kh nhiu m hnh cng vi cc
Hp tc x (HTX) sn xut rau an ton c
thnh lp vi s h tr ban u t cc c quan
chc nng, tuy nhin cc m hnh ny khng
c pht trin do nhiu nguyn nhn khc
nhau. V d, m hnh ti t 23, phng Tc
Duyn, HTX gm 30 h tham gia vi tng
din tch l 2ha. Cc h tham gia c h tr
h tr k thut thng qua tp hun, h tr mt
phn phn bn hu c, thuc BVTV sinh hc,
by b cn trng v 100% chi ph phn tch
mu v chng nhn cht lng. Sau khi
nghim thu d n, c 30 h c cp giy
chng nhn l h sn xut rau an ton cho 05
loi rau chnh.
Tuy nhin, kt qu i thoi vi cc bn lin
quan cho thy nhng kh khn trong vic
pht trin cc m hnh vn cn tn ti. Th
nht, do u t hn hp t chnh quyn a
phng, nn ch c mt s t h tham gia vo
th nghim, trong khi vic gim st, qun l
v kim nh cht lng mu v trng th
hai tr i cn c kinh ph, nhng kinh ph ny
nm ngoi kh nng ca ngi dn . Th 2,
sau khi c chng nhn sn phm an ton,
ngi dn cn kim nh cht lng v xy
dng thng hiu di s h tr ca S
KH&CN. Quy trnh ny kh phc tp v yu
cu ngi ch nhim HTX phi ch ng,
kin tr v nhit huyt. Tuy nhin, khng c
HTX no ti Thi Nguyn theo ui bc tip
theo ny. ng thi, sn phm RAT ti ch
do khng c chng nhn thng hiu dn
n gi bn khng c s khc bit so vi sn
phm thng. iu ny m ch ngi mua
khng tin tng cht lng sn phm mc d
sn phm c sn xut theo quy trnh
VietGAP.

Bng 1. Mt s m hnh sn xut rau an ton ti tnh Thi Nguyn
a im
Din tch
(ha)
S h
tham gia
Nm trin
khai
1. Hp tc x Kim Thi, th trn Ba Hng, huyn Ph Yn 5 29 2009
2. Xm nh Ha, x ng Bm, huyn ng H 3 50 2010
3. Xm Cy, x Hng Thng, huyn ng H 3 50 2010
4. T 23, phng Tc Duyn, thnh ph Thi Nguyn 2 30 2010
5. Xm 6, x Hng Sn, huyn i T 3 30 2011
H Minh Tun v tg Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH 111(11): 57 - 61

59

Chi cc Bo v
thc vt
Phng
Trng trt
Trung tm
Khuyn nng
NGI TRNG
RAU
Chi cc qun l cht
lng
Trung tm kim nh
cht lng
S KHOA HC & CNG
NGH
H tr v k thut
canh tc, tp hun
v xy dng m
hnh.
Trung tm
QUACERT
Vin nghin cu rau
hoa qu
Cung cp mu theo di,
gim st, nh gi v cp
chng nhn VietGAP.
Kim nh cht lng v
xy dng thng hiu
Ngi bn bun
Ngi bn l
Ch Siu th

Hnh 1. Phn tch cc bn lin quan trong sn xut v tiu th RAT ti Thi Nguyn
Theo ng Lng Vn Vng, Chi cc trng
chi cc BVTV, sn phm rau kh c kim
sot thng qua cc knh phn phi. Bao b c
th b lm gi hoc s dng li v dng cho
sn phm rau khng an ton. ng thi, din
tch sn xut rau ti cc h nh l v khng
ng u, ngi dn ch yu sn xut theo
hnh thc t pht, khng c hch ton kinh t,
v tm nhn chung v li ch lu di ca sn
xut RAT. Thc t ny cng gy ra khi khn
trong qun l cht lng rau quy m ln.
Mt khc, ngi dn vn b ng trng ch
h tr t bn ngoi v khng tun th theo
quy nh v quy trnh. Cc d n do t chc
CIDSE (T chc hp tc v s on kt v
pht trin) h tr ti x Hung Thng (ng
H), La Bng (i T) v chnh ph Ty Ban
Nha h tr ti Ngc Lm (ng H) u
khng thnh cng l cc minh chng in
hnh. Nh vy, c s pht trin bn vng,
cn phi c s lin kt ca 04 nh, Nh nc,
nh khoa hc, nh sn xut v nh kinh
doanh. Tuy nhin, hin nay mi quan h vi
nh kinh doanh cn cha cht ch.
V th trng tiu th, hin ti c 02 a im
bn rau an ton ti thnh ph Thi Nguyn l
siu th Minh Cu thuc cng ty c phn thc
phm Thi Nguyn v ca hng Tun T ti
ch Minh Cu. Theo ng Ng Tt Khanh
(trng phng kinh doanh siu th Minh Cu),
cng ty h tr vt liu lm nh li cho
cc h dn ti t 23, phng Tc Duyn trn
din tch 04 so v thu mua sn phm u ra
vi gi hn gi bn bun v thp hn gi bn
l ti th trng. Mc d sn phm c ng
gi mang nhn hiu RAT Tc Duyn v bn
gi bng vi gi rau thng trn th trng,
tuy nhin rt t khch hng mua do nhiu
nguyn nhn. Th nht, nhn thc ca ngi
tiu dng v vn sc khe v sn phm an
ton cn hn ch. Th hai, nhn hiu sn
phm trn bao b cha m bo tin cy.
Thc t ti thi im phng vn v quan st
ti siu th, sn phm RAT khng c bn,
v theo ng trng phng kinh doanh, sn
phm rau khng phi l sn phm mang li li
nhun chnh cho siu th, hin nay h ang
tp trung vo cc mt hng khc.
H Minh Tun v tg Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH 111(11): 57 - 61

60

Thng tin ny c b sung thng qua vic
phng vn trc tip HTX sn xut rau t 23,
phng Tc Duyn, ni cung cp sn phm
RAT cho siu th. Theo ng Dng Vn Thu
c 02 l do dn n vic dng sn xut theo
m hnh RAT. Th nht, ngi dn ch nhn
c 15 triu ng trong tng s 60 triu
ng do s NN&PTNT h tr do b tr cc
chi ph v thit k v cc th tc khc. Do
vy, ngi dn quyt nh khng xy dng
nh s ch do khng kinh ph. L do th
hai, v l l do quan trng hn, s lng sn
phm ca HTX bn cho siu th ch tiu th
c 3-5kg/ngy. Trong khi, gi bn sn
phm thm ch thp hn gi bn l ca sn
phm rau truyn thng. Do vy, ngi dn
dng sn xut RAT vi l do khng c li
nhun, trong khi h phi tn nhiu thi gian
v cng sc tun th theo cc quy trnh v th
tc nghim ngt sn xut RAT theo tiu
chun VietGAP. ng Thu cng cho bit vi
mt lung trng Th L (Anethum graveolens)
20m
2
theo phng php canh tc truyn
thng, ng c th thu li c 1,2 triu ng
sau mt v. iu ny c ngha, ng lc ca
ngi sn xut l li nhun trc tip cho gia
nh h.
a im bn RAT th hai l quy bn rau
nh ti ch Minh Cu (quy Tun T). Tuy
nhin, khi n phng vn v quan st trc tip
cho thy, sn phm c bn tng t nh
sn phm rau truyn thng, khng c nhn
mc bao b, v gi bn tng t vi rau
thng vi l do chi ph cho bao b cao trong
khi gi bn sn phm khng c nng ln do
tnh cnh tranh gia cc quy hng ti ch
(Hnh 2).

Hnh 2. Quy hng Tun T ti ch Minh Cu
T c th kt lun, ng lc pht trin sn
xut v tiu th RAT l phi xy dng c
lng tin cho ngi tiu dng thng qua thng
tin i chng & cng ng; xy dng c
thng hiu sn phm. lm c vic ny,
cn c nhng u t v h tr hp l cho vic
gim st, nh gi v kim nh cht lng
nghim ngt t pha chnh quyn a phng
v cc c quan chuyn mn. Doanh nghip
tiu th RAT trong v ngoi tnh cn c
to iu kin v c hi tham gia c th thu
ht thm u t cng nh a ch tiu th n
nh v tin cy. ng thi, theo b Hip
(PG trung tm kim nh cht lng),
ngun vn t chng trnh nng thn mi nn
c tn dng h tr cho ngi sn xut.
Kt qu tho lun nhm vi 30 h dn trng
rau cho thy, cc h c trnh v kinh
nghim trong sn xut RAT. Tuy nhin, cn
c th trng n nh, cng nhn sn phm
ca h vi gi bn cao hn sn phm truyn
thng; gii thiu cc cng ty kinh doanh c
hp ng lu di; ng thi cn c h tr cn
b k thut v ti chnh trong gim st, nh
gi v kim nh cht lng thng xuyn
duy tr cht lng v thng hiu sn phm.
KT LUN V NGH
Kt lun
ti m t c thc trng v tnh hnh
sn xut v tiu th RAT ti Thi Nguyn,
phn tch c nhng tn ti v hn ch trong
vic m rng quy m trn ton tnh, gm
nhn thc ca ngi tiu th; nng lc v c
ch h tr ca chnh quyn a phng; nhn
thc, ng lc v c im ca ngi sn
xut trn a bn.
ngh
Cn c c ch h tr tt hn t chnh quyn
a phng nhm to ra ng lc v thc
ca ngi sn xut cng nh s gn kt tt
hn gia sn xut v tiu th; quy nh
minh bch v ti chnh; quy ch x pht
trng hp vi phm v quy trnh gim st,
nh gi, kim nh cht lng cng nh
xy dng thng hiu cht ch. Nng cao
nhn thc ngi tiu dng thng qua thng
tin i chng v cng ng.
H Minh Tun v tg Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH 111(11): 57 - 61

61

TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Brugha, R & Varvasovszky, Z 2000,
'Stakeholder analysis: a review', Health Policy and
Planning, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 239-46.
[2]. Coleman, J.S. 1958. Snowball sampling:
Problems and techniques of chain referral
sampling. Human Organization 17: 28-36.
[3]. Th Thn 2010, Sn xut nng nghip theo
hng hng ha, Bo Thi Nguyn, cp nht
ngy 22/11/2010 t website: <http://www.
baothainguyen.org.vn/home/Newsdetail.aspx?cid=
108&id=9637>.
[4]. Goodman, L.A. 1961. Snowball sampling.
The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 32(1):
148-170.
[5]. Jansen, HGP, Midmore, DJ, Binh, PT,
Valasayya, S & Tru, LC 1996, 'Profitability and
sustainability of peri-urban vegetable production
systems in Vietnam', Netherlands Journal of
Agricultural Science, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 125-43.
[6]. Logan City Council 2009, Community
engagement strategy, accessed on 26 Dec. 2011
from website: http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__
data/assets/pdf_file/0016/64510/communityengag
ementstrategy.pdf
[7]. Mergenthaler, M, Weinberger, K & Qaim, M
2009, 'The food system transformation in
developing countries: A disaggregate demand
analysis for fruits and vegetables in Vietnam',
Food Policy, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 426-36.
[8]. Nguyen, QV 2008, 'Good Agricultural
Practices for Vietnamese fresh fruit and vegetables
producers Process of development', viewed 23
October, <www.card.com.vn/news/.../presentation
%20paper%20fruit.pdf>.
[9]. Shepherd, AW & Tam, PTG 2007, 'Improving
the Safety of Marketed Horticultural Produce in
Asia with Particular Reference to Vietnam', in PJ
Batt (ed.), Proceedings of the second international
symposium on improving the performance of
supply chains in the transitional economies,
Hanoi, Vietnam, pp. 301-8.
[10]. Varvasovszky, Z & Brugha, R 2000, 'How to
do (or not to do) a stakeholder analysis', Oxford
University Press, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 338-45.
[11]. Wijk, Sv 2008, The market for vegetables in
North Vietnam, Wageningen University,
Wageningen.

SUMMARY
SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS TO SAFE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND
CONSUMPTION IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE

Ha Minh Tuan
*
, Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc
College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU

The study was carried out to analyse the current situation for recommending appropriate solutions
to sustainable safe vegetable production and sales in Thai Nguyen province. Quantitative and
qualitative data collection methods together with stakeholder analysis and engagement were
employed to involve related stakeholders (relevant agencies and producers) in the province during
6-12/2011. The results showed that the growers awareness regarding safe vegetables, support
mechanisms and capacity of local government as well as limited shared vision and motivation for
production among growers were the main hindrances for development of safe vegetable
production and sales. Thus, better support structure and regulations for farmers and entrepreneurs
investment should be enhanced. Additionally, and consumers awareness should be raised via
mass media and communities.
Key words: safe vegetable, VietGAP, production, consumers, market.



Ngy nhn bi: 25/9/2013; Ngy phn bin: 17/10/2013; Ngy duyt ng: 15/11/2013
Phn bin khoa hc: TS. Nguyn Thy H Trng i hc Nng Lm - H Thi Nguyn

*
Tel. 0912 849 009; Email: haminhtuan@tuaf.edu.vn