Giao An Thuc Hanh Hoa Hoc Dai Cuong 3 Chuong Trinh Cao Dang 6856

Gio n Thc hnh Ha i cng Ging vin: Ths Nguyn Vn Quang
Khoa T nhin Trng Cao ng S phm Qung Ninh

BI 3, 4: PHA DUNG DCH V CHUN
Ngy son: 31/03/2010
Ngy dy: 25/3-1/4/210
I. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc
Trang b cho sinh vin kin thc v:
- Cc loi nng .
- Cch pha ch cc loi dung dch.
- Cch xc nh nng dung dch.
2. K nng
- Rn luyn cho sinh vin k nng tnh ton.
- Rn luyn cho SV k nng thc hnh pha ch cc loi dung dch v cch xc nh nng dung
dch.
3. Tnh cm, thi
- Rn luyn tnh cn thn trong lm vic
- Gip SV yu thch mn Ha hc hn
II. Phng php
- m thoi nu vn
- Hot ng nhm
III. Chun b
- GV: gio n, gio trnh
- SV: gio trnh, bi tng trnh, my tnh c nhn.
IV. Ni dung

Hot ng Ni dung

I. L thuyt
- Dung dch l 1 h ng nht gm 2 hay nhiu cu t.
- biu th thnh phn dung dch, ta dung khi nim
nng .
1. Nng dung dch: l lng cht tan c trong 1 n v
khi lng hoc n v th tch dung dch hay dung mi.
- Nng phn trm (C%): l s gam cht tan c trong
100 gam dung dch.
- Nng mol (M) l s mol cht tan c trong 1 lt dung
dch.
- Nng ng lng: (hay nng nguyn chun, k
hiu l N): l s ng lng cht tan trong 1 lt dung
dch.
- Nng molan: l s mol cht tan trong 1000 gam dung
mi.
- Nng phn mol (k hiu l x): l s mol cht i chia
cho tng s mol cc cht c mt trong dung dch.
x
i
=
n
n
i

2. Pha ch dung dch
a. Pha ch dung dch chun
- Nu c cht gc (cht c tinh khit bit chnh xc)
th cn 1 lng tnh trn cn phn tch, ha tan trong
bnh nh mc ri thm nc ti vch ngn.
- Khi khng c cht gc, trc ht pha dung dch c nng
gn ng, sau dng dung dch cht gc khc xc
nh li nng ca dung dch va pha.
b. Pha ch dung dch t dung dch c nng khc.
- Pha long dung dch: thm nc vo dung dch c



Tit 1:

SV tra bng v a ra:
- Dung dch KNO3 t khi 1,029 c
nng 5%
- Dung dch KNO3, t khi 1,076 c
nng 12%
- Sau tnh V dung dch m c
cn ly pha thnh 250 ml dung
dch.

SV:
- Tm t khi dung dch cn pha trong
bng tnh s gam NaCl cn ly.
- Kim tra li nng bng ph k.

nng nh hn.
Gi C
1
, C
2
, V
1
v V
2
l nng , th tch ca dung dch
trc v sau khi pha long. Nu V
H2O
l th tch ca nc
dng pha long th V
2
=V
1
+ V
H2O
v khi :
C
1
V
1
=(V
1
+V
H2O
)C
2

- Pha trn dung dch:
Gi s trn V
1
ml dung dch c nng C
1
vi V
2
ml
dung dch c nng C
2
th thu c V=V
1
+V
2
v:
C
1
V
1
+C
2
V
2
=CV
3. Xc nh nng dung dch
a. Xc nh nng ca dung dch bng ph k
- T khi ca dung dch thay i theo nng , nu bit
nng ca dung dch c th suy ra t khi v ngc li.
- T khi thng c xc nh bng ph k. Sau tra
bng ta c nng ca dung dch cn o. Nu gi tr t
khi tm c t thc nghim khng c trong bng th
tnh nng theo php ni suy (vi 2 gi tr t khi ln
cn).
b. Xc nh nng ca dung dch bng PP chun
- Chun l PP xc nh nng ca 1 dung dch theo
nng bit ca dung dch khc bng cch o th tch
ca cc dung dch tng tc.
- T tnh N
B
theo cng thc: N
B
.V
B
=N
A
.V
A

- PP chun c p dng cho nhiu loi phn ng:
phn ng trung ha, phn ng oxi ha kh, phn ng to
kt ta, phn ng to phc,
II. Thc hnh
1. Ha cht, dng c
a. Ha cht
Dung dch KNO
3
12%, dung dch HCl 2M v 17%, dung
dch NaCl 5%, NaCl rn, phenolphtalein.
b. Dng c
Bnh nh mc (100, 250 ml), pipet (10ml), bnh nn (100
ml), ng ong (250 ml), cc (250 ml), phu, a thy tinh,
ph k.
2. Cch tin hnh
Th nghim 1: Pha dung dch c nng xc nh t
dung dch m c v nc.
- Pha 25 ml dung dch KNO3, t khi 1,029 t dung dch
m c t khi 1,076
- Kim tra li nng bng ph k.

Th nghim 2: Pha dung dch cht rn trong nc
- Pha 250 ml dung dch NaCl 10%.
- t phu thy tinh ln bnh nh mc 250 ml ri ton
b mui ln phu. Thm nc khong na bnh, lc trn
n khi ho tan ht mui. Tip tc thm nc n gn
ngn, dng pipet nh tng git n ngn. y bnh, gi
cht nt, lt ngc bnh vi ln.



SV:
- Tnh ton t l cc dung dch cn pha
- Cch 1: t l khi lng dung dch
NaCl 10% v H2O cn thm l 7/3
(tnh theo s ng cho)
- Cch 2: t l khi lng dung dch
NaCl 5% v dung dch NaCl 10% cn
pha l

Tit 2:
? Tra t khi ca dung dch HCl 17%
(d=1,084g/ml)
? Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 17%
cn thit pha trong bnh nh mc
100 ml

SV: Tin hnh pha theo s gi ca
ti liu v s hng dn ca gio vin

Sau khi lm xong cc TN trn, SV:
- Tng hp kt qu thu c vo
bng tng trnh TN, np cho GV.
- Thu dn ha cht, ra dng c TN.
- c rt kinh nghim TN thnh
cng.
Th nghim 3: Pha dung dch t 2 dung dch c nng
khc nhau
- Pha 250 ml dung dch NaCl 7% t cc dung dch NaCl
10% (pha th nghim 2) v 5%.
- Cch 1: Pha thm nc v dung dch NaCl 10%

- Cch 2: Pha dung dch NaCl 5% v dung dch NaCl 10%

Th nghim 4: Pha dung dch c nng chun
- Pha 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M t dung dch HCl 17%
- Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 17% cn thit pha trong
bnh nh mc 100 ml

Th nghim 5: Xc nh nng ca dung dch
- Xc nh nng ca dung dch HCl bng ph k.
- Ly dung dch HCl 2M ( pha sn trong PTN) vo
ng ong 250 ml. Dng ph k o t khi hi ca dung
dch vi chnh xc 005 , 0 . i chiu vi bng t khi
tm nng phn trm ca dung dch axit trn. Sau
tnh ra nng ng lng.
- Xc nh nng bng phng php chun
Kim tra nng HCl pha th nghim 4
xc nh nng dung dch HCl dng dung dch
NaOH 0,1 M. Da vo phn ng trung ha:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Dng phenolphtalein lm cht ch th
Cch tin hnh:
- Dng pipet ly 20 ml dung dch HCl pha TN4, cho vo
nn 100 ml. Nh 2-3 git phenolphtalein vo bnh nn.
dung dch chun NaOH 0,1 M vo buret sau chnh
v vch s 0.
- Xc nh chnh xc thi im kt thc phn ng bng
dung dch mu: ly bnh nn ng 20 ml nc ct, cho
thm vi git phenolphtalein v 1 git NaOH.
- Tin hnh chun . Ghi th tch dung dch NaOH
dng. Tin hnh chun 3 ln. Sai khc gia cc ln
khng qu 0,1 ml. Ly gi tr trung bnh tnh nng
dung dch HCl

V. Rt kinh nghim gi dy



BI 5: TAN CA CC CHT
Ngy son: 5/4/2010
Ngy dy: 8/4/2010
I. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc
- tan ca cc cht kh trong cht lng
- tan ca cc cht lng trong cht lng
- tan ca cc cht rn trong cht lng
2. K nng
- Rn luyn cho SV k nng thc hnh.
3. Tnh cm, thi
- Rn luyn tnh cn thn trong lm vic.
II. Phng php
- m thoi nu vn
- Hot ng nhm
III. Chun b
IV. Ni dung

Hot ng Ni dung

GV yu cu SV ln bng hnh thnh v ti
hin cc kin thc t a ra cc cng thc
lin quan

I. L thuyt
- Theo quy lut chung, nhit v p sut c
nh, qu trnh ha tan s t din ra khi:
0
ht ht ht
S T H G
hay: 0 ) ( ) (
s cp s cp ht
S S T H H G
- C nhiu yu t nh hng n tan ca cc
cht, nh bn cht ca cht tan v dung mi, nhit
, p sut,
- Thng thng cc cht c tnh cht tng ng
d tan vo nhau hn.
1. tan ca cht kh trong cht lng
- S tan ca cht kh trong cht lng thng l
qu trnh pht nhit ) 0 ( H v s gim entropi
( ) 0 S nn khi tng nhit , tan gim.
- Ha tan cht kh vo trong cht lng, th tch
cht kh gim ( ) 0 V nn khi tng p sut th
tan ca kh tng ln.
- i vi dung dch long th tan ca cht kh
t l vi p sut ca n trn dung dch. ( nhit
c inh - nh lut Henry)
2. tan ca cht lng trong cht lng
- tan khng ph thuc p sut do khi ho tan 2
cht lng th s thay i th tch l khng ng
k.
- nhit c nh, t s nng ca cht tan
trong hai dung mi khng ha tan vo nhau l 1
hng s:
K=
2
1
C
C
(nh lut phn b)



Th nghim ny do tng nhm SV thc hin,
mi ngi xc nh tan 1 nhit . Da
trn kt qu ca c nhm, xy dng th s
ph thuc ca tan vo nhit (20
0
C,
30
0
C, 40
0
C, 50
0
C, 60
0
C)

SV: lm th nghim v ghi kt qu theo bng
sau;
t
0
m
1
m
2
m
3
m
4
m
5
m
6

- Da vo kt qu thu c tnh tan ca
mui nghin cu nhit cho theo s
gam mui tan trong 100 gam nc.
- Tp hp s liu c nhm, v th tan-
nhit .

SV :
- Tin hnh lm TN.
- Quan st hin tng vo gii thch.

C
1
, C
2
: nng ca cht tan
K: h s phn b
3. tan ca cht rn trong cht lng
- Nu qu trnh pht nhit th tan gim khi tng
nhit , nu qu trnh thu nhit th tan tng
khi tng nhit .
- tan ca cht rn trong nc khng ph thuc
vo p sut v th tch ca h bin i khng ng
k.
- Nu tan ca cht rn gim khi nhit gim
th cht rn s kt tinh khi h nhit ca dung
dch bo ha, cn nu tan tng khi nhit
gim th ngc li.
II. Thc hnh
1. Ha cht v dng c
a. Ha cht
- Cc cht rn: K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, Na
2
S
2
O
3
, NaOH,
NH
4
NO
3
, KNO
3
, C
6
H
5
-OH.
- Cc cht lng: C
2
H
5
OH, ete, H
2
SO
4
c.
b. Dng c
Cc (100 ml, 500 ml), chn s, bnh cu c
nhnh, phu nh git, bnh thu kh kh c cm
ng vut nhn, nhit k, que quy, ng nghim,
kp st, gi st, n cn.
2. Cch tin hnh
a. Th nghim 1: Xc nh tan ca cht rn
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
trong nc
- Cn sn 1 bt s sch v kh, cho 1-3 gam
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
nghin nh vo cc nh cha 10 ml
nc ct.
- Cho vo cc to cha nc, un n nhit cn
xc nh. iu chnh dn nhit ca nc n
nh. Khi mui tan ht, cho thm tng lng
nh mui n khi mui trong dung dch khng tan
na.
- Phi lun theo di v khuy dung dch. K t
khi nhit n nh (20-25 pht) ly nhit k
v que khuy ra khi cc. lng dung dch, gn
nhanh dung dch vo bt s chun b.
- Cn bt s cng vi dung dch, c c dung dch
tr n cn, khi gn cn nh ;a cho mui khi
bn ra ngoi.
- t bt s trong t sy 115
0
C khong 25-30
pht ri lm ngui trong bnh ht m sau em
cn; sau li sy lm ngui v cn. Tip tc nh
vy cho n khi khi lng ca chn s khng
i.
b. Th nghim 2: chun b dung dch qu bo ha
- Cho 1 ml nc ct vo ng nghim cha 5-6
gam Na
2
S
2
O
3
.
- un cch thy dung dch cho n khi mui tan
ht. Tt n, y ng nghim bng nt bng, gi
nguyn v tr v lm lnh dung dch t t n
nhit phng. Khi dung dch ngui, cho vo



V. Rt kinh nghim gi dy

SV :
- Tin hnh lm TN.
- Nhn xt qu trnh ha tan ca ancol etylic
trong nc.

- So snh kt qu vi th nghim trn.

SV :
- Lm th nghim
- p ngc l ng kh vo chu nc
chun b trn. Nhn xt hin tng v gii
thch.
GV: lm th no bit kh HCl y bnh?
( th bng giy qu m)

Sau khi lm xong cc TN trn, SV :
- Tng hp kt qu thu c vo bng tng
trnh TN, np cho GV.
- Thu dn ha cht, ra dng c TN.
- c rt kinh nghim TN thnh cng.
ng nghim 1 tinh th nh Na
2
S
2
O
3
lm mm tinh
th.
c. Th nghim 3: S ha tan gia cc cht lng
vi nhau
- Cho vo ng nghim 2 ml nc ct, 2 ml ancol
etylic, khuy u. Sau cho thm 2 ml ancol
etylic, li khuy u.
- Cho vo phu chit 1/3 th tch nc, thm 1
lng ete dy khong 1cm. y phu v lc u.
phu ng yn, quan st hin tng.
+ kim tra ete c tan trong nc khng, ta m
nt, m kha phu tch 1 t dung dch lp
di vo ng nghim. Kp ng nghim vo gi,
un nh trn ngn la n cn. a que dim
ang chy li gn ming ng nghim. Quan st
hin tng v gii thch.
+ Tch cho chy ht lp di, ly 1 t dung dch
lp trn cho vo ng nghim kh cha sn 1 t
CuSO
4
khan. Nhn xt hin tng v gii thch.
- Cho vo ng nghim 1 t tinh th phenol. vo
ng nghim 1 lng nc ct khong 1/3 th tch
ng. Quan st s hnh thnh 2 lp: lp dung dch
bo ha ca nc trong phenol l lp di, lp
trn l dung dch bo ha ca phenol trong nc.
+ Cho ng nghim vo cc c cha nc un
si. Thn trng khuy nhc ht lng trong ng
nghim bng 1 nhit k, ng thi theo di, xc
nh nhit khi h tr thnh ng nht.
+ Ly ng nghim ra khi cc nc nng v lm
lnh cn thn, xc nh nhit khi dung dch vn
c v chia thnh 2 lp.
d. Th nghim 4: S tan ca cht kh trong nc
- Cho vo bnh Wurt 10 gam tinh th NaCl, vo
phu nh nh git 20 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
c
98%. Chun b sn 1 chu thy tinh ng 2/3
nc, thm vi git NaOH v vi git
phenolphtalein.
- M kha cho tng git axit chy xung bnh,
un nh bng n cn. Dng l kh thu y kh
HCl, y l bng nt c cm ng thy tinh vut
nhn. Sau khi thu xong, kha phu, tt n, nhng
ng dn vo cc ng dung dch NaOH.



BI 6: CN BNG HA HC V S CHUYN DCH CN BNG
Ngy son: 5/4/2010
Ngy dy:
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1. Kin thc
- Cn bng ha hc
- S chuyn dch cn bng
2. K nng
- Rn luyn cho SV k nng thc hnh.
3. Tnh cm, thi
- Rn luyn tnh cn thn trong lm vic.
II. Phng php ging dy
- m thoi nu vn
- Hot ng nhm
III. Chun b
IV. Ni dung bi dy

Hot ng ca GV v SV Ni dung

GV yu cu SV ln bng hnh thnh v ti
hin cc kin thc t a ra cc cng thc
lin quan

GV: Biu thc tnh hng s cn bng? Hng
s cn bng ph thuc nhng yu t no?

GV: Ni dung nguyn l chuyn dch cn
bng Le Chatelier?

I. L thuyt
- i vi nhiu phn ng ha hc phn ng khng
xy ra hon ton, tc l t cc cht tham gia phn
ng khng thu c 100% sn phm. l v
phn ng din ra theo 2 chiu: chiu thun t
tri sang phi v chiu nghch theo hng ngc
li.
- Cn bng ha hc l trng thi ti nng
sn phm cng nh nng cc cht tham gia
phn ng khng thay i theo thi gian.
- i vi phn ng tng qut:
mA + nB + ... ' ' D n C m
nu phn ng thun v phn ng nghch u l
cc phn ng s cp th:
v
t
=k
1
[A]
m
[B]
n
. v v
n
=k
n
[C]
m
[B]
n

vi k
t
, k
n
l hng s tc ca phn ng thun v
phn ng nghch; [A], [B], [C], [D], .. l nng
mol hiu dng ca cc cht.
iu kin cn bng, v
t
=v
n
, do :
K=
n
cb
m
cb
n
cb
m
cb
n
t
B A
D C
k
k
] [ ] [
] [ ] [
' '

K c gi l hng s cn bng v ch thay
i khi nhit thay i.
- Nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng Le Chatelier:
S thay i cc yu t c nh hng ti h cn
bng th v tr cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu
chng li s thay i .
II. Thc hnh
1. Ha cht v dng c
a. Ha cht
Dung dch FeCl
3
bo ha; dung dch KSCN bo

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Gio n Thc hnh Ha i cng Ging vin: Ths Nguyn Vn Quang

Khoa T nhin Trng Cao ng S phm Qung Ninh

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