B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM

KHOA CNG NGH IN T
B MN IU KHIN T NG

TH NGHIM O LNG V IU
KHIN BNG MY TNH
IU KHIN ON/OFF NG C DC
S DNG PHN MM LABVIEW

GVHD: Th.S TRN VN TRINH

SVTH: ng Vn Tun
07701011
Nguyn Ngoc Trung 07708361
Nguyn Tin
07703181

Lp : HT3A
Kho : 2007-2011

DNG PHN MM LABVIEW

IU KHIN ON/OFF NG C DC
Ni dung thc hin :
Tm hiu v cch giao tip gia vi x l v my tnh qua Labview .
iu khin on/off ng c DC giao tip vi my tnh qua cng COM.

I. PHNG THC TRUYN THNG QUA CNG COM

1. Gii thiu v cng ni tip:
Cng ni tip RS232 l mt giao din ph bin rng ri nht. Ngi ta cn
gi cng ny l cng COM. Ging nh cng my in cng COM cng c s
dng mt cch thun tin cho vic giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi.
Vic truyn d liu qua cng COM c tin hnh theo cch ni tip. Ngha
l cc bit d liu c truyn i ni tip nhau trn mt ng dn. Loi truyn ny
c kh nng dng cho nhng ng dng c yu cu truyn khong cch ln hn, bi
v cc kh nng gy nhiu l nh ng k hn khi dng mt cng song song (cng
my in).
Phch cm COM c tng cng 8 ng dn, cha k n ng ni t. Trn
thc t c hai loi phch cm, mt loi 9 chn v mt loi 25 chn. C hai loi ny
u c chung mt c im.Vic truyn d liu xy ra trn hai ng dn. Qua
chn cm ra TXD my tnh gi d liu ca n n KIT Vi iu khin. Trong khi
cc d liu m my tnh nhn c, li c dn n chn RXD cc tn hiu khc
ng vai tr nh l tn hiu h tr khi trao i thng tin, v v th khng phi trong
mi trng hp ng dng u dng ht.
Bng a ch c bn v ngt ca cng ni tip:
Tn

a ch

Ngt

V tr cha a ch

COM1

3F8H

0000H:0400H

COM2

2F8H

0000H:0402H

COM3

3E8H

0000H:0404H

COM4

2E8H

0000H:0406H

Cng ni tip c s dng truyn d liu hai chiu gia my tnh v

ngoi vi, c cc u im sau:
Khong cch truyn xa hn truyn song song.
S dy kt ni t.
C th truyn khng dy dng hng ngoi.
C th ghp ni vi vi iu khin hay PLC (Programmable Logic Device).
Cho php ni mng.
C th tho lp thit b trong lc my tnh ang lm vic.
C th cung cp ngun cho cc mch in n gin

Hnh 1 - Cu trc chn ca cng Com theo chun RS 232

Cng COM c hai dng: u ni DB25 (25 chn) v u ni DB9 (9 chn) m t
nh hnh sau :
D25

D9

Tn hiu

Hng truyn

M t

Protected ground: ni t bo v

TxD

DTE DCE

Transmitted data: d liu truyn

RxD

DCE DTE

Received data: d liu nhn

RTS

DTE DCE

Request to send: DTE yu cu

truyn d liu

CTS

DCE DTE

Clear to send: DCE sn sng nhn

d liu

DSR

DCE DTE

Data set ready: DCE sn sng lm

vic

GND

Ground: ni t (0V)

DCD

DCE DTE

Data carier detect: DCE pht hin

sng mang

20

DTR

DTE DCE

Data terminal ready: DTE sn sng

lm vic

22

RI

DCE DTE

Ring indicator: bo chung

23

DSRD

DCE DTE

Data signal rate detector: d tc

truyn

24

TSET

DTE DCE

Transmit Signal Element Timing:

tn hiu nh thi truyn i t DTE

15

TSET

DCE DTE

Transmitter Signal Element

Timing: tn hiu nh thi truyn t
DCE truyn d liu

17

RSET

DCE DTE

Receiver Signal Element Timing:

tn hiu nh thi truyn t DCE
truyn d liu

18

LL

21

RL

DCE DTE

Remote Loopback: To ra bi
DCE khi tn hiu nhn t DCE li

14

STxD

DTE DCE

Secondary Transmitted Data

16

SRxD

DCE DTE

Secondary Received Data

19

SRTS

DTE DCE

Secondary Request To Send

13

SCTS

DCE DTE

Secondary Clear To Send

12

SDSRD

DCE DTE

Secondary Received Line Signal

Detector

Local Loopback: kim tra cng

9,10, 25

Dnh ring cho ch test

11

Khng dng

2. Chun RS - 232
Chun RS-232 c a ra bi EIA (Electronics Industry Associations).
Chun RS-232 quy nh mc logic 1 ng vi in p t -3V n -25V (mark),
mc logic 0 ng vi in p t 3V n 25V (space) v c kh nng cung cp dng
t 10 mA n 20 mA. Ngoi ra, tt c cc ng ra u c c tnh chng chp mch.
Chun RS-232 cho php truyn tn hiu vi tc ln n 20.000 bps nhng
nu cp truyn ngn c th ln n 115.200 bps.
Cc c tnh k thut ca chun RS-232 nh sau:
Chiu di cp cc i

15m

Tc d liu cc i

20 Kbps

in p ng ra cc i

25V

in p ng ra c ti

5V n 15V

Tr khng ti

3K n 7K

in p ng vo

15V

nhy ng vo

3V

Tr khng ng vo

3K n 7K

Giao tip vi vi x l:
V tn hiu cng COM dng chun RS 232 nn khng tng thch vi in p TTL
(mc cao l 3 5 V, mc thp l 0 0,8V) nn giao tip KIT Vi iu khin h
8051 vi my tnh qua cng COM ta phi qua mt vi mch bin i in p cho
ph hp vi mc TTL, ta chn vi mch MAX232 thc hin vic chuyn i cho
tng thch in p.

Hnh 2 Mch giao tip vi vi x l

`
Vi mch ny nhn mc RS232 c gi ti t my tnh v bin i tn
hiu ny thnh tn hiu TTL cho tng thch vi IC 8051 v n cng thc hin
ngc li l bin i tn hiu TTL t Vi iu khin thnh mc +12V, -12V cho
ph hp hot ng ca my tnh. Giao tip theo cch ny, khong cch t my tnh
n thit b ngoi vi c th t ti trn 20 mt.
Chun RS232:
Mc thp (logic 0) c tr s t +3v n +25v
Mc cao (logic 1) c tr s t -3v n -25v
Min gia -3v n +3 v khng hp l
Chun TTL:
Ng vo
Mc thp (logic 0) l 0v n +0.8v
Mc cao (logic 1) l +2v n +5v
Min gia 0.8v n +2 v khng hp l
Ng ra
Mc thp (logic 0) l 0v n 0.5v
Mc cao (logic 1) l +2.7v n +5v

3. Giao tip gia cc thit b

Cc thit b ghp ni chia thnh 2 loi: DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) v
DCE (Data Communication Equipment). DCE l cc thit b trung gian nh
MODEM cn DTE l cc thit b tip nhn hay truyn d liu nh my tnh, PLC,
vi iu khin, Vic trao i tn hiu thng thng qua 2 chn RxD (nhn) v

TxD (truyn). Cc tn hiu cn li c chc nng h tr thit lp v iu khin

qu trnh truyn, c gi l cc tn hiu bt tay (handshake). u im ca qu
trnh truyn dng tn hiu bt tay l c th kim sot ng truyn.
Cc phng thc kt ni gia DTE v DCE:
n cng (simplex connection): d liu ch c truyn theo 1 hng.
Bn song cng ( half-duplex): d liu truyn theo 2 hng, nhng mi thi
im ch c truyn theo 1 hng.
Song cng (full-duplex): s liu c truyn ng thi theo 2 hng.
Ngoi ra truyn d liu qua Port COM cn cn nhng tham s sau: Bit m u
cho mt n v d liu START Bit. STOP Bit (Bit kt thc). Parity (Kim tra chn
l). Baud Rate (Tc truyn) to thnh mt Frame (Khung truyn).
Port COM l mt th khi to bng BIOS thng qua chc nng 0 ca Interrupt 14,
np vo thanh ghi DX1 ch s chn knh (COM1 = 0, COM2 = 1).
Thanh ghi AL c np vo cc tham s ca vic truyn d liu

Khi khng truyn d liu, ng truyn s trng thi mark (in p -10V). Khi
bt u truyn, DTE s a ra xung Start (space: 10V) v sau ln lt truyn t
D0 n D7 v Parity, cui cng l xung Stop (mark: 10V) khi phc trng thi
ng truyn. Dng tn hiu truyn m t nh sau (truyn k t A):

Hnh 3 - Tn hiu truyn ca k t A

Cc s khi kt ni dng cng ni tip:

Hnh 4 Kt ni n gin trong truyn thng ni tip gia 2 thit b

Khi thc hin kt ni nh trn, qu trnh truyn phi bo m tc u pht v
thu ging nhau. Khi c d liu n DTE, d liu ny s c a vo b m v
to ngt.
Ngoi ra, khi thc hin kt ni gia hai DTE, ta cn dng s sau:

Hnh 5 Kt ni trong truyn thng ni tip dng tn hiu bt tay

Khi DTE1 cn truyn d liu th cho DTR tch cc tc ng ln DSR ca DTE2
cho bit sn sng nhn d liu v cho bit nhn c sng mang ca MODEM
(o). Sau , DTE1 tch cc chn RTS tc ng n chn CTS ca DTE2 cho
bit DTE1 c th nhn d liu. Khi thc hin kt ni gia DTE v DCE, do tc
truyn khc nhau nn phi thc hin iu khin lu lng. Qu trinh iu khin
ny c th thc hin bng phn mm hay phn cng. Qu trnh iu khin bng
phn mm thc hin bng hai k t Xon v Xoff. K t Xon c DCE gi i khi
rnh (c th nhn d liu). Nu DCE bn th s gi k t Xoff. Qu trnh iu
khin bng phn cng dng hai chn RTS v CTS. Nu DTE mun truyn d liu
th s gi RTS yu cu truyn, DCE nu c kh nng nhn d liu (ang rnh)
th gi li CTS.

II. VI X L VI TRUYN THNG NI TIP

1. IC MAX 232
Vi mch MAX 232 ca hng MAXIM l mt vi mch chuyn dng trong giao
din ni tip vi my tnh. Chng c nhim v chuyn i mc TTL li vo
thnh mc +10V hoc 10V pha truyn v cc mc +3+15V hoc -3-15V
thnh mc TTL pha nhn, Vi mch MAX 232 c hai b m v hai b nhn.
ng dn iu khin li vo CTS, iu khin vic xut ra d liu cng ni tip
khi cn thit, c ni vi chn 9 ca vi mch MAX 232. Cn chn RST (chn 10
ca vi mch MAX ) ni vi ng dn bt tay iu khin qu trnh nhn.
Thng th cc ng dn bt tay c ni vi cng ni tip qua cc cu ni,

khi khng dng n na c th h mch cc cu ny. Cch truyn d liu n gin

nht l ch dng ba ng dn TxD, RxD v GND (mass).
IC max232 thng c dng trong vic kt ni thit b ngoi vi qua cng RS
232. N cho php chuyn i in p ng vo 30V (t cng Comm) thnh in
p ng ra o 5V v 0V giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi.
Tn hiu nhn t my vi tnh qua cng COM vi chun RS232 c IC MAX232
chuyn i sang mc TTL a vo port ni tip (chn RxD v TxD) ca vi
iu khin.
Ngc li, khi vi iu khin xut tn hiu qua port ni tip th cng c IC
MAX232 chuyn i sang mc RS232 my tnh nhn c.
Mt vi thng s ca MAX 232:
Ngun cung cp: 4,5V n 5,5V
2 b chuyn i v truyn nhn
Tc truyn ln n 120 kbps
Mc in p ng vo 30V
Dng do ngun cung cp: 8 n 10 mA

Tm nhit hot ng: t 0 n 70oC

Hnh 6 Cu trc Logic ca MAX 232

2. IC 89V51RB2
Gii hn trong mn ny chng ta ch tm hiu IC 89V51RB2 cho ng dng
giao tip truyn thng ni tip.

Hnh 7 S chn ic h 8051

Bit

Tn

P3.0

RXD

Chn nhn d liu cho port ni tip

P3.1

TXD

Chn pht d liu cho port ni tip

P3.2

INTO

Ngt ngoi 0

P3.3

INT1

Ngt ngoi 1

P3.4

TO

Ng vo ca timer 0 /counter 0

P3.5

T1

Ng vo ca timer 1 /counter 1

P3.6

WR

Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi

P3.7

RD

Xung c b nh d liu ngoi

Chc nng

Cc thanh ghi lin quan n truyn nhn d liu ni tip:

Thanh ghi TMOD: L thanh ghi qui nh ch hot ng ca b nh thi , IC
89V51RB2 c 3 Timer (T0, T1, T2) dng nh thi gian hoc m xung.

M0

M1
0
0
1

0 ch 0 : nh thi 13bit
1
ch 1: nh thi 16 bit
0
ch 2: nh thi 8 bit t ng np li

ch 3: ch nh thi chia x

Thanh ghi TCON: Thanh ghi iu khin b nh thi

IT0: bit chn kiu iu khin

tc ng tn hiu ngt ngoi
timer 0 ( IT0 = 0: kch khi
mc thp (mc 0); IT0 = 1:
kch khi cnh m)
ET0: c ngt ngoi timer 0
IE0=1 tn hiu ngt xut hin
ti chn INT0
IT1: bit chn kiu iu khin tc ng tn hiu ngt ngoi timer 1 (IT1 = 0: kch khi
mc thp (mc 0); IT1 = 1: kch khi cnh m)
ET1: c ngt ngoi timer 1
IE1=1 tn hiu ngt xut hin ti chn INT1

Thanh ghi SCON : Thanh ghi iu khin ch ni tip

Thanh ghi iu khin ngt IE:

EA

ET2

ES

ET1

EX1

ET0

EX0

EX0 : ngt ngoi timer0

EX1 :ngt ngoi timer1
ET0 :ngt timer0
ET1 :ngt timer1
ET2 :ngt timer2
ES : cho php ngt port ni tip
EA: cho php tt c cc ngt hot ng

III.THIT K PHN CNG V GIAO DIN IU KHIN

PHNG N THIT K
Yu cu thit k
To c h thng iu khin tc ng khng hi tip, bao gm c phn thit
k phn cng v to giao din iu khin trn my tnh.
Thit k

V thit k phn cng: Bao gm mch iu khin v mch cng sut

+ Mch iu khin: S dng vi x l 89V51
+ Mch cng sut: s dng mach iu khin dng FET v ROLE
+ Dng phn mm Labview giao tip v iu khin
Phng php iu khin
iu khin ng c DC bng cch iu bin rng xung
ng c DC s dng trong dn dng thng ch hot ng in p 24V tr li.
Mt trong nhng phng php iu khin m t l s dng mch iu ch rng
xung (PWM circuit - Pulse Wide Modulation).
Mch iu khin m t bng phng php PWM hot ng da theo nguyn tc
cp ngun cho m t bng chui xung ng m vi tc nhanh. Ngun DC c
chuyn i thnh tn hiu xung vung (ch gm hai mc 0 volt v xp x in p hot
ng). Tn hiu xung vung ny c cp cho m t. Nu tn s chuyn mch ln m
t s chy vi mt tc u n ph thuc vo m men ca trc quay.
Vi phng php PWM, iu chnh tc ca m t thng qua vic iu ch
rng ca xung, tc l thi gian "y xung" ("on") ca chui xung vung cp cho m t.
Vic iu chnh ny s tc ng n cng sut trung bnh cp cho m t v do s thay
i tc ca m t cn iu khin.
Nh trn hnh, vi dy xung iu khin trn cng, xung ON c rng nh nn
ng c chy chm. Nu rng xung ON cng ln (nh dy xung th 2 v th 3) ng
c DC chy cng nhanh

u im:

- Transistor li ra ch c duy nht hai trng thi (ON hoc OFF) do loi b c mt
mt v nng lng t nng hay nng lng r r ti li ra.
- Di iu khin rng hn so vi mch iu chnh tuyn tnh.
- Tc m t quay nhanh hn khi cp chui xung iu ch theo kiu PWM so vi khi
cp mt in p tng ng vi in p trung bnh ca chui xung PWM.
Nhc im:
- Cn cc mch in t b tr - gi thnh cao
- Cc xung kch ln in p cao (12 - 24V) c th gy nn ting n nu m t khng c
gn cht v ting n ny s tng ln nu gp phi trng hp cng hng ca v.
- Ngoi ra vic dng chui xung iu ch PWM c th lm gim tui th ca m t.
S MCH PHN CNG

Ngun 5v cp cho vi x l
Ngun 12v cp cho khi cng sut

Ngun 24v cp cho ng c

Cch ly ngun 5v vi ngun 12v, 24v chng nhiu
Cng dng tng linh kin trong mch:
Opto coupler (hay cn gi l cch ly quang): L linh kin tch hp c cu to
gm 1 led v 1 photo diot hay 1 photo transistor. Khi c dng nh i qua 2 u ca led
trong opto lm cho led pht sng c s dng cch ly p gia hai khi vi x l v
khi cng sut nhm bo v khi vi x l,ng thi trnh nhiu cho ng c. V i khi
ng c chy qu dng th dng tr v ln lm cht linh kin mch cng sut, nu
khng c cch ly quang th dng in ln s theo ng mch n tiu dit vi iu khin
v ton b nhng linh kin khc .Ng ra ca Opto (chn 3 v 4) c dn khi ng vo
(chn 1) mc 1 (tng ng in p 5V).
Relay (18FF-12v): Dng o chiu quay ng c.
Dng ng ngt l 12v-75mA o chiu l ph hp. Do in tr cun dy relay
l 160 in p ng ngt relay l 12v v dng ti thiu ng ngt relay l 75mA. V
vy dng iu khin phi c khuch i trc khi ti iu khin relay m bo
dng kch relay trong trng hp c th dng transistor hoc 1 con IC. Ti s dng
IC ULN2803 s dng chc nng .
MOSFET IRF540: Mch cng sut s dng transistor hiu ng trng MOSFET
IRF540 c kh nng cung cp dng ln ln n 5A, iu khin bng p trn ng vo G.
Mch kch c la chn l y ko(PUSH PULL) cho p ng xung tt. ULN2803 gm
8 BJT ghp darlington c sn cc in tr v diode bo v, cung cp dng 500mA, in
p lm vic ln n 50V. iu kin lm vic bnh thng ca ULN2803: I C =100mA,
IB=250A, VCE=2V.
Gi tr ca in tr cng sut trn ti ra ca mch y ko.

Cng sut tiu th trn in tr

Chn in tr R = 330 , P =1 n 2 W.
IC ULN2803: Dng khuch i dng

in tr phn p cho led c tnh nh sau:

Chn dng lm vic ca led l 10mA
VR =
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch
trng thi ngng dn, khi vi iu khin xut ra mc 1 kch vo chn DK_PWM,
ng ra ca opto1 khng c kch dn, dn n ti ng vo ULN 2803(chn 1) c
phn cc, nn n c kch dn. ULN 2803 dn to ra s st p ng ra PWM, in p
ti chn ny l mc 0. iu ny ko theo lm cho Transitor D468 ngng dn,do mc
logic in p ti cc G ca FET l 0. FET khng c phn cc nn ng c ngng hot
ng. in p ti chn PWM khng hon ton 0V do diot D9 l 1N4007 c mc
nhm ngn khng cho D468 dn.
Trong trng hp ngc li, ng ra ca vi iu khin mc 0 c kch vo chn
DK_PWM, ng ra ca opto1 c dn. in p ti chn C_PWM l 0v, dn n ng ra
ti chn PWM c p l 12v s qua diode n cc B ca tranzitor nghch D468 lm D468
thng khi s c 1 dng i t C xung E.tranzitor thun B562 lc ny s tt tc l k c
dng i t E xung C.V vy in p 12V i n mosfet IRF540 lm mosfet ny
thng.in p 24V s qua ng c DC v xung mass.-> ng c chy
Khi opto2 c kch dn, ti chn C_ROLE c p 12v dn n ULN 2803 dn, s
c dng ln t chn ROLE xung mass . iu ny nhm p ng dng cho Relay c
th ht.
Diode D5 1N4007 c tc dng dp dng ngc. Khi ng m Relay, cun ht ca
relay to ra mt in p ngc v c dng xung nhn, a ngc v trasistor Q2, c th
gy hng Q2 (hng kha). Do vy, tc dng ca diode l bo v kha. N s a xung
nhn ny v ngun

Giao din iu khin trn my tnh

Giao din iu khin c thit k kh trc quan vi ngi s dng h thng, t
cc tiu chun v chnh xc, tnh thm m v d tip cn.

Giao din chnh(Front Panel)

M PHNG BNG PROTUES

CHNG TRNH IU KHIN:

;KHAIBAO BIEN
$MOD51
PWM BIT

P1.0

SL

P2.7

BIT

;XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

;KHAI BAO NGAT

ORG 00H
LJMP MAIN
ORG 0023H
LJMP NGAT_NOI_TIEP

;XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

; CHUONG TRINH CHINH

ORG 0040H
MAIN:
MOV TMOD,#00100000B

;SU DUNG TIMER1 (MODE 2)

MOV TH1,#0F9H

;TAO TOC DO BAUD (Fosc = 12M,BAUD 9600)

SETB TR1

;CHO TM1 HOAT DONG

CLR

00H

SETB SL
CLR

PWM

MOV R7,#0FAH

;MA KHI RESET VI DIEU KHIEN

MOV SCON,#01010010B

;PORT NOI TIEP (MODE 1)

MOV IE,#10110000B

;CHO PHEP NGAT PORT NOI TIEP

MAIN1:
CJNE R7,#0FAH,AA
SJMP MAIN1
AA:
CJNE R7,#0FDH,EE
CLR

00H

CLR

PWM

MOV R7,#0FAH
SJMP MAIN1

;MA REET

EE:
CJNE R7,#0FBH,FF
CLR

;MA QUAY TRAI

SL

SJMP MAIN1
FF:
CJNE R7,#0FCH,DD

;MA QUAY PHAI

SETB SL
SJMP MAIN1
DD:
JB

00H,TTT

;NHAY NEU bit=1

SETB 00H
TTT:
LCALL TAO_XUNG
SJMP MAIN1
;
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
X

;CHUONG TRINH PWM

TAO_XUNG:
PUSH 00H
PUSH ACC

FFF:
CJNE R7,#00H,CCC
CLR

PWM

SJMP KT

; R7 % DO RONG XUNG

CCC:
CJNE R7,#100,DDD
SETB PWM
SJMP KT
DDD:
MOV A,R7
MOV R0,A
SETB PWM
AAA:
LCALL DELAY_XUNG
DJNZ R0,AAA
CLR

PWM

MOV A,100H
CLR

SUBB A,R7
MOV R0,A
BBB:
LCALL DELAY_XUNG
DJNZ R0,BBB
KT:
POP

ACC

POP

00H

RET
;**************************************************************

DELAY_XUNG:
PUSH 00H
MOV R0,#01H
DJNZ R0,$

POP

00H

RET
;XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

NGAT_NOI_TIEP:
PUSH ACC
JB

RI,THU

;KIEM TRA DA THU DU LIEU XONG CHUA

SJMP THOAT
THU:
MOV A,SBUF

;THU VA CAT DU LIEU VAO ACC

MOV R7,A
CLR

RI

THOAT:
POP
RETI
END

ACC

;XOA CO RI, CHUAN BI THU KE TIEP