Chng IV: MCH IN XOAY CHIU 3 PHA

2. Cc cch biu th:

4.1 Khi nim chung v M xoay chiu 3 pha:
a. Dng tc thi :
1. Cch to ngun :
e
C

e
A

A
e 2.E.sin t = e
e
B

o
B
e 2.E.sin( t 120 ) = e
o
C
e 2.E.sin( t 240 ) = e
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
120
o
240
o
360
o

e
t
A E
B E
C E
120
o

j0
A E Ee
-
=
j120
B
E Ee
-

=
j240
C E Ee
-

=
b. Dng s phc :
c. Dng vc t :
4. Mch 3 pha i xng
Vi ngun 3 pha i xng lun c :
A B C
E E E + + =
A B C
e e e + + =
A B C
E E E
- - -
+ + =
0
3. Cch ni:
ngun X
ti X
ng dy X
Sao (Y) v tam gic (A)
j120
C E Ee
-
+
=
or
ngun ti
Y Y
Y A
A A
A Y
Ngun
(NM)
ni Y or
A
Ti
( NM, XN, HTT)
ni Y or A
5. Cc i lng dy v pha
in p pha
I
A

I
B

I
C

Dng in dy
U
AB

U
BC

U
CA

in p dy
I
d

U
d

Dng in pha
I
f

Uf
ph thuc cch ni
4. 2 Quan h gia cc i lng dy v pha trong mch 3 pha
i xng
A B C
A B C
A B C
E Y E Y E Y
Y Y Y
- - -
+ +
+ +
Z
C

Z
A
Z
B

E
A

E
C

E
B

O
O
I
B

I
A

I
C

U
oo

U
AB

U
CA

U
BC

U
A

U
C

U
B

1. Mch ni sao
V Z
A
= Z
B
= Z
C
= Z
A B C Y(E E E )
3Y
- - -
+ +
=
= 0
B B
U E
- -
=
C C
U E
- -
=
A A
U E
- -
=
AB B A
U U U 0 + =
AB A B
U U U =
U
AB

Y
A
= Y
B
= Y
C
= Y
1
Z
=
O' O
U
-
=
?
A
U
B
U
C
U
AB
U
BC
U
CA
U
Trong mch ni Y:
V tr hiu dng :
V gc pha :
AB
U
A
U
vt trc
BC
U
B
U
vt trc
gc 30
o
CA
U
C
U
vt trc
gc 30
o
AB A B
U U U =
BC B C
U U U =
CA C A
U U U =
d f
U 3U =
d f
I I =
VD:
j0
B
U Ue
-
=
j120
C
U Ue
-

=
AB
U
-
=
j30
BC
U 3 Ue
-
=
j90
CA
U 3 Ue
-

=
A
U U
-
=
gc 30
o
30
O

j120
e
j150
3 Ue
?
2. Mch ni tam gic
U
BC

U
AB

U
CA

I
AB
I
CA

I
BC

B BC AB I I I =
C CA BC I I I =
Ti A :
A AB CA I I I =
BA AB
U E =
CB BC
U E =
AC CA
U E =
Vng ABCD
C
D
A
B
Z
CA

Z
AB
Z
BC

E
BA

E
AC

E
CB

I
B

I
A

I
C

C
U
AB
A
I
B
I
C
I
V tr hiu
dng :
B BC AB I I I =
C CA BC I I I =
A AB CA I I I =
d f
U U =
d f
I 3I =
V gc pha :
AB I
gc 30
o
A I
chm
sau
C I
CA I gc 30
o chm sau
B I
BC I
chm sau
gc 30
o
BC I
CA I
AB
I

BC
U
AB
U
CA
U
VD:
j0
C I 17, 3e
-
=
4.3 Cng sut trong mch in xoay chiu
3 pha
1. Cng sut tc dng :
P
A
, P
B
, P
C

Khi ti i xng
:
Ti ni Y :
d
f
U
U
3
=
I
f
= I
d

AB I
-
=
BC I
-
=
j30
CA I 10e
-
=
A I 17, 3
-
=
j120
B I 17, 3e
-
=
10
j150
10e
j120
e

j90
e

P
3f
= P
A
+ P
B
+ P
C
P = 3P
f
= 3U
f
I
f
cos
f

= 3RI
f
2
d d
P 3U I cos =
Khi ti ni A :
f d
U U =
d
f
I
I
3
=
P 3UI cos =
o P
3f
:
1. PP 1 oat k
:
W
-
-
2. PP 2 oat k :
P
f

Ti 3 pha
X or KHX
ni Y or A
W
-
-
W
-
-
1
2
P
3f
= P
A
+ P
B
+ P
C

P
3f
= 3 P
f

X:
KX:
1 2
P P P =
W
1
W
2
+
cng chiu

ngc chiu
2. Cng sut phn khng
Q = 3Q
f
= 3U
f
I
f
sin
f

Ti ni Y hay A:
Q 3UI sin =
Q
A
, Q
B
, Q
C
Q
3f
= Q
A
+ Q
B
+ Q
C

= 3XI
f
2
Khi ti i xng :
3. Cng sut ton phn ( biu
kin)
2 2
S P Q = 3UI = +
E
A

E
B

E
C

O
O
I
A

I
B

I
C

4.4. Cch gii mch 3
pha
1. Ti ni Y
Z
A
= Z
B
= Z
C
= Z
t

A B C
E E E 0
- - -
+ + =
ng dy X :
Z
dA
= Z
dB
= Z
dC
= Z
d
Ngun X :
k
Z
d
Z
t

a. i xng :
Ti X
Thay Z
d
nt Z
t
Z
A
, Z
B
, Z
C

j0
A
j
A
j
A
U Ue
I Ie
Z e
-
-

= = =
Z
B I I
-
=
j( 120 )
C I Ie
-

=
j( 120 )
e
+
U
OO
= 0
U
oo

Z
A

Tnh I trong tng pha ring
bit, khng lm php suy
c
* Khi k ng
:
A
A
A
U
I
Z
-
-
=
B
B
B
U
I
Z
-
-
=
C
C
C
U
I
Z
-
-
=
N A B C
I I I I
- - - -
= + +
b. Khng i xng :
A B C E E E 0
- - -
+ + =
Ti khng X : Z
A
= Z
B
= Z
C

Ngun X :
B
j120
j
B
Ue
e

=
Z
B
j( 120 )
B
I e
+
=
C
j120
j
C
Ue
e

=
Z
C
j( 120 )
C
I e

=
0 =
N
j
N
N
I I e
-

=
A
j0
j
A
Ue
e

=
Z
A
j
A
I e

=
k
E
A

E
B

E
C

O
O
I
A

I
B

I
C

Z
A

Z
B
Z
C
A
U
U
OO
= 0
U
oo

I
N

O
O' O
U

o

* Khi k m :
O' O
A B C
A B C
A B C
E Y E Y E Y
U 0
Y Y Y
- - -
-
+ +
= =
+ +
Khng
X
O
A E
B E
C E
A
U
C
U
B
U
O
J
o'o
o
U U e

-
=
U
oo

A A O'O
U E U
- - -
=
B B O' O
U E U
- - -
=
C C O' O
U E U
- - -
=
Kt lun :
k
E
A

E
B

E
C

O
O
I
A

I
B

I
C

Z
A

Z
B
Z
C
A
U
Ngun X : U
d
= 220
V
Z
A
= 20

O; Z
B
= j 20 O ; Z
C
= -j 20 O
uA
A
A
j
A
j
A
A
A
j
A A
U U e
I I e
Z e
-

= = =
Z
uB
B
B
j
B
j
B
B
B
j
B B
U U e
I I e
Z e
-

-

= = =
Z
uC
C
C
j
C
j
C
C
C
j
C C
U e U
I I e
Z e
-

= = =
Z
Tm dng in I
A
, I
B
, I
C
, I
N
khi k ng v
m
V d : Cho M hnh bn:
Ti KX c :
I
A

I
B

I
C

Z
A

Z
B

Z
C


U
A

U
B

U
C

E
A

E
B

E
C

k
O
O
I
N

U
d

Khi k ng : U
OO
= 0
T TVT:
A
A
A
U
I
Z
-
-
=
B
B
B
U
I
Z
-
-
=
N A B C
I I I I ? = + + =
A
I
B C I I +
C
C
C
U
I
Z
-
-
=
N I 4, 64
-
=
I
A

I
B

I
C

Z
A

Z
B

Z
C


U
A

U
B

U
C

E
A

E
B

E
C

k
O
O
I
N

U
d

j0
j0
127e
20e
=
j0
6,35e =
j120
127e

=
j20
j210
6,35e

=
j120
127e
=
-j20
j210
6,35e =
B I
150
0

C I
150
0
30
0
I
N
= 0,73.6,35 = 4,64
N I
j180
e 4, 64 =
S phc :
b.Khi k m : U
OO
=
0 = ?
O' O
4, 64
U 92,8
0, 05
-

= =
N I 4, 64
-
=
j180
e 4, 64 =
A B C
A B C
O' O
A B C
E Y E Y E Y
U
Y Y Y
- - -
-
+ +
=
+ +
E
A

E
B

E
C

O
I
A

I
B

I
C

Z
A

Z
B

Z
C

k
O
U
A

U
B

U
C

A
A
1
Y
Z
=
1
0, 05
20
= =
B
B
1
Y
Z
=
1
j20
=
C
C
1
Y
Z
=
1
j0, 05
j20
= =

= 0,05
j0, 05 =
A B C
Y Y Y Y = + +
O' O
U 92,8
-
=
A A O'O
U E U
- - -
=
B B O' O
U E U
- - -
=
C C O' O
U E U
- - -
=
J120
127e 92,8

= +
63, 5 J110 92,8 = +
29, 3 J110 =
J75 5'
C
U 113,8e
-
=
127 92,8 220 = + ~
J75 5'
B
U 113, 8e
-

=
J120
127e 92,8 = +
63, 5 J110 92,8 = + +
29, 3 J110 = +
J0
A
U 220e
-
~
Sv t tm dng in
trong cc nhnh
O
O' O
U
B
U
C
U
O
C E
A E
B E
A
U
2. Ti ni A
a. i xng
* Khng k Z
d

Z
AB
= Z
BC
= Z
CA
=
Z
t

Ngun X:
Ti X:
AB
AB
t
U
I
Z
-
-
=
j0
d
j
t
U e
e

=
Z
j
f I e

=
BC I
-
j( 30 )
A
f
I 3I e
-
+
=
j( 120 )
f
I e
+
=
CA I
-
j( 120 )
f
I e

=
j( 150 )
B
f
I 3I e
-
+
=
j( 90 )
C
f
I 3I e
-

=
Z
dA
= Z
dB
= Z
dC
= Z
d

Z
d
= 0
DX :
I
AB
I
CA

I
BC

Z
AB
Z
CA

Z
BC
I
A

I
B

I
C

U
d

A
C
B
Z
d

Z
d

Z
d

* Khi k Z
d

AB I
-
=
BC I
-
=
CA I
-
=
j( 120 )
B
d
I I e
-
+
=
j( 120 )
C
d
I I e
-

=
Z
d
= 0
thay Z
d
+ Z
tY

= Z A I
-
j
d I e

=
d
I
3
j( 30 )
e

d
I
3
j( 90 )
e
+
d
I
3
j( 150 )
e

I
AB
I
CA

I
BC

Z
t
Z
t

Z
t
Z
tY

I
A

I
B

I
C

U
d

Z
d

Z
d

Z
d

b. Khng i xng
* Khng k Z
d

I
AB
I
CA

I
BC

Z
AB
Z
CA

Z
BC
I
A

I
B

I
C

U
d

Z
AB
= Z
BC
= Z
CA
Ngun X:
Ti KX:
AB
AB
AB
U
I
Z
-
-
=
AB
j
AB
I e

=
BC
BC
BC
U
I
Z
-
-
=
BC
j( 120 )
BC
I e
+
=
CA
CA
CA
U
I
Z
-
-
=
CA
j( 120 )
CA
I e

=
I
A

I
B

I
C

U
d

A
C
B
Z
dB

Z
dC

Z
dA

A AB CA I I I
- - -
=
C CA BC I I I
- - -
=
B BC AB I I I
- - -
=
K

X
K

X
A B C I I I
- - -
+ +
AB BC CA I I I
- - -
+ +
= 0
= 0
* Khi k Z
d

B
j( 120 )
B
B
I I e
-
+
=
C
j( 120 )
C
C
I I e
-

=
Z
d
= 0
A I
-
A
j
A I e

=
I
AB
I
CA

I
BC

Z
t
Z
t

Z
t
Z
tY

I
A

I
B

I
C

U
d

Z
dB

Z
dC

Z
dA

A AB CA I I I
- - -
=
C CA BC I I I
- - -
=
B BC AB I I I
- - -
=
Z
dA
+ Z
tYA
= Z
A
thay :
V d 2: Cho mch 3
pha X nh hnh bn
Z
2
= 18 j24
Z
d
= 2 + j2
U
d
= 380 V
O
Tm: dng in : I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, I
P, Q, S v cos ton mch
Z
2

U
d

I
3

I
2

I
1

Z
d

Z
1

I
Z
1
= 12 + j16
Bit:
V th vc t ca
A B C I , I , I
A B C
U , U , U da vo
1.Tm dng in : I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, I
U
d

I
1

Z
1

I
I
2

Z
d

Z
2
= 18 j24
Z
d
= 2 + j2
U
d
= 380 V
O
Z
1
= 12 + j16
Gii
f
1
1
U
I =
Z
2 2
220
12 +16
= = 11 A
Z
2

I
3

Z
2Y

Chuyn Z
2
v Y :
Z
2Y
= 6 j8
Thay : Z
d2Y
= Z
d
+ Z
2Y
= 8 j6
f
2
d2Y
U
I =
Z
2 2
220
8 +6
=
I
2
= 22 A
2
3
I
I
3
=
= 12,7 A
Ti 2:
U
d

I
1

Z
1

I
I
2

Z
d

Z
2
= 18 j24
Z
d
= 2 + j2
U
d
= 380 V
O
Z
1
= 12 + j16
Z
2

I
3

Z
2Y

2. Tm P, Q, S v cos ton mch
2 2
1 1 d2Y 2
P 3(R .I R .I ) = +
2 2
3(12.11 8.22 ) = +
= 15972 W
2 2
1 1 d2Y 2
Q 3(X .I X .I ) =
2 2
3(16.11 6.22 ) =
= -2904 VAr
2 2
S P Q = +
2 2
15972 2904 = +
= 16233 VA
P
cos =
S

15972
=
16233
= 0,98
d
S
I=
3U
16233
=
3.380
= 24,66 A
I
1
= 11 A; I
2
= 22 A
33
A
U
B
U
C
U
3. V th vc t ca
A B C I , I , I
A B C
U , U , U
da vo
A I
B I
C I
11
O
28

V Q = - 2904 VAr < 0
mang t/c in dung
dng vt trc p 1 gc ?
cos = 0,98
=11
o
28