Trng i hc s phm h ni 2

KHOA HO HC
------------------
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS. Quang Khng
ThS. Lng Nh Hi
Nghin cu ch to vt liu blend trn c s
cao su butadien nitril, cao su clopren v
nha pvc
M u
Mc tiu, ni dung, vt liu v phng php
nghin cu
Kt qu v tho lun
Kt lun


Mt trong nhng thnh tu quan trng ca th k 20 ny l
s pht trin v ng dng ca vt liu t hp polyme.
Vt liu polyme blend l mt loi vt liu mi vi nhng tnh
nng vt tri. Ngi ta c th ch to c nhiu loi polyme
blend t nhng polyme thnh phn khc nhau.
Cao su nitril butadien (NBR), cao su clopren (CR) v nha
PVC l nhng loi cao su c s dng t rt lu, trong nhiu
lnh vc khc nhau ca i sng v sn xut. Trong NBR
c kh nng bn du m cao, CR v PVC c kh nng bn
thi tit cao. V vy, khi phi hp ba loi vt liu ny to ra
vt liu mi c th phi hp c u im v hn ch c nhc
im ca tng cu t ring bit.
T nhng thc t nh vy em chn ti: Nghin cu
ch to vt liu blend trn c s cao su butadien nitril,
cao su clopren v nha PVC lm ti cho kha lun tt
nghip ca mnh.
M u
2.1. Mc tiu nghin cu
Ch to ra vt liu cao su blend trn c s NBR, CR v PVC c tnh
nng c l ph hp, c kh nng bn mi trng, du m cao, p ng yu
cu ch to mt s sn phm cao su k thut.
2.2. Ho cht, vt liu
Cao su NBR s dng l KOSYN KNB 35L ca Hn Quc, cao su
CR s dng l loi Skypen B5 ca hng Toson Nht Bn, nha PVC s
dng l loi PVC S c k hiu SG 710 sn xut ti Vit Nam
- Lu hunh, cht xc tin (D, DM), cht tr xc tin (Axit stearic,
ZnO)
- Cht n: Than en
- Cht phng lo
- Cht ph gia bin i cu trc.
+ DLH : du iu bin tnh
+ ENR-40 : cao su t nhin epoxy ha
Mc tiu, ni dung, vt liu v phng
php nghin cu
2.3. Ni dung nghin cu
thc hin mc tiu trn, em tin hnh cc ni dung
nghin cu sau:
Ch to vt liu cao su blend NBR/CR/PVC vi cc t l
khc nhau tm t l ti u (thng qua kho st cc tnh
nng c l).
S dng mt s ph gia bin i cu trc lm tng hp
ci thin tnh nng c l cho vt liu.
Nghin cu cu trc hnh thi ca vt liu bng knh hin
vi in t qut (SEM), bn nhit ca vt liu bng ph-
ng php phn tch nhit trng lng (TGA).
Nghin cu bn du ca vt liu thng qua kho st
trng trong du bin th ca vt liu.
nh gi kh nng ng dng ca vt liu trong thc t.
2.4. Phng php ch to mu
p trn my p
th nghim
Trn vi CR trn
my cn trn th
nghim
170
0
C, 7 pht
50
vng/pht
nhit
70
0
C
6 gi
Trn vi cc cht
n trn my
cn hai trc
PVC + Cht n
nh + DOP
Trn vi NBR v
cc cht ph gia
trong my trn
kn
Vt liu blend
(PVC/NBR)/CR
Trn vi cht xc
tin v S trn
my cn 50
0
C

ngui
3.1. nh hng ca hm lng CR n tnh cht c hc ca vt liu
733
660
618
578
561
525
315
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 10 20 30 40 50 100
Hm l- ng CR [%]

n

d

i

k
h
i

t

[
%
]
Hnh 3.2: dn di khi t
Hnh 3.3: dn d Hnh 3.4: cng
17.7
17.26
18.21
18.43
18.37
17.28
17.22
17
18
19
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 100
Hm l- ng CR [%]

n

k

t

[
M
p
a
]
Hnh 3.1: bn ko t
48
32
31.2
28.8
26.4
22.8
5.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 100
Hm l- ng CR [%]

n

d
-

[
%
]
64
65 65
67
68
69
77
60
65
70
75
80
0 10 20 30 40 50 100
Hm l- ng CR [%]

n
g

[
S
h
o
r
e

A
]
Kt qu v tho lun
3.1. nh hng ca hm lng CR n tnh cht c hc ca vt liu
Hnh 3.5: mi mn
0.618
0.772
0.814
0.879 0.882
0.891
0.846
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 10 20 30 40 50 100
Hm l- ng CR [%]

i

m

n

[
c
m
3
/
1
,
6
1

K
m
]
T th thy rng:
- Khi bin tnh NBR/PVC bng CR th bn ko t ca vt liu t
gi tr cao nht hm lng CR l 30%.
- dn di khi t ca vt liu gim dn u khi hm lng CR tng ln.
Khi hm lng CR trong khong 20-40% th thy rng dn di khi t
ca vt liu gim chm li.
- dn d ca vt liu gim dn u khi hm lng CR tng ln m dn d
c lin quan ti kh nng n hi ca vt liu, dn d cng thp th kh
nng n hi cao
- cng ca vt liu tng dn u khi hm lng CR tng ln
- mi mn ca vt liu tng dn u khi hm lng CR tng t 0 n
50%, sau gim dn u t 50 n 100%.

3.2 Nghin cu bn thi tit ca vt liu
0.89
0.9 0.9
0.92
0.94
0.97
0.98
0.8
0.9
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 100
Hm l- ng CR [%]
H

g
i

h
o

Hnh 3.6: nh hng ca hm lng CR ti h s gi ho ca vt liu

Khi hm lng CR tng h s gi ho tng dn cho thy khi tng
hm lng CR lm tng bn ca vt liu vi mi trng
3.3. nh hng ca hm lng CR n trng trong du bin th
Kt lun: Trn c s kho st nh hng ca hm lng CR n tnh cht c hc,
bn thi tit cng nh trng ca vt liu blend, chn c
t l (NBR/PVC)/CR= 70/30 tin hnh cc th nghim kho st v
sau.
Hm lng CR
(%)
Khi lng mu (g) trng (%)
m
0
m
1
m
2
m
3
m
1
m
2
m
3

0 1,96 1,96 1,96 1,96 0 0 0
10 1,83 1,84 1,84 1,85 0,5 0,5 1,09
20 1,61 1,61 1,61 1,62 0 0 0,62
30 1,67 1,67 1,67 1,68 0 0 0,59
40 1,84 1,84 1,84 1,86 0 0 1,08
50 1,69 1,69 1,69 1,71 0 0 1,18
100 3,27 3,28 3,28 3,30 0,3 0,3 1,16
T nhng kt qu thc nghim trn cho thy, nh hng ca hm lng CR ti
trng ca vt liu l khng ng k. Sau 24 gi ngm th trng c
thay i cht t
Hnh 3.9: dn d
3.4.1 nh hng ca cht bin i cu trc n tnh cht c hc ca vt liu
Hnh 3.7: bn ko t
18.43
19.24
18.97
18
19
20
(NBR/PVC)/CR
(80/20)
(NBR/PVC)/CR
(80/20) + ENR-40
(NBR/PVC)/CR
(80/20) + DLH

n

k

t

[
M
P
a
]
Hnh 3.8: dn di khi t
618 626
625
500
600
700
(NBR/PVC)/CR
(80/20)
(NBR/PVC)/CR
(80/20) + ENR-40
(NBR/PVC)/CR
(80/20) + DLH

n

d

i

k
h
i

t

[
%
]
31.2
30.4
24.5
20
25
30
35
(NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20) (NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20)
+ ENR-40
(NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20)
+ DLH

n

d
-

[
%
]
3.4.1. nh hng ca cht bin i cu trc n tnh cht c hc ca vt liu
T cc kt qu trn cho thy i vi h blend (NBR/PVC)/CR,
khi s dng cc ph gia bin i cu trc DLH v ENR-40 th
ENR-40 l cht c tc dng lm tng kh nng tng hp ca
cc cu t tt hn DLH.
Hnh 3.11: mi mn
Hnh 3.10: cng
65
64.5
64
63
64
65
66
(NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20) (NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20)
+ ENR-40
(NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20)
+ DLH

n
g

[
S
h

e

A
]
0.814
0.786
0.802
0.7
0.8
0.9
(NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20) (NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20)
+ ENR-40
(NBR/PVC)/CR (80/20)
+ DLH

i

m

n

[
c
m
3
/
1
,
6
1

K
m
]
3.4.2. nh hng ca cht bin i cu trc ti cu trc hnh thi ca vt liu
H.3.13: nh SEM (NBR/PVC)/CR/ENR-40 H.3.12: nh SEM (NBR/PVC)/CR (70)/30
Qua nh SEM c th thy rng:
- mu vt liu (NBR/PVC)/CR t l 70/30 th c th thy cc pha
phn tn tng i tt
- Khi mu vt liu c mt ca cht bin i cu trc ENR-40 th
cho thy cc cu t phn tn tt hn mu vt liu (NBR/PVC)/CR
(70)/30. Cc pha phn tn u hn, nh hn, cu trc vt liu cht
ch hn. Nh vy c th thy s c mt ca cht bin i cu trc
lm tng kh nng tng hp ca cc cu t.
3.4.3. nh hng ca cht bin i cu trc n bn nhit ca vt liu
H.3.14: Gin TGA caNBR/PVC
H.3.15: Gin TGA ca (NBR/PVC)/CR t l 70/30
3.3.2. nh hng ca cht bin i cu trc n bn nhit ca vt liu
H.3.17: Gin TGA ca
(NBR/PVC)/CR/ENR-40 ty l (70/30/1)
H.3.16: Gin TGA ca
(NBR/PVC)/CR/DLH ty l (70/30/1)
3.3.2. nh hng ca cht bin i cu trc n bn nhit ca vt liu
Mu vt liu
Vng nhit phn hu mnh nht
(
0
C ) Tn hao khi
lng n
485
0
C, (%)
Ti (
0
C)
T= T
2
T
1

(
0
C)
NBR/PVC
T
1
255,73
182,75 50,129
T
2
438,48
NBR/PVC/CR
T
1
249,91
187,38 47,641
T
2
436.93
NBR/PVC/CR/DLH
T
1
254,24
187,02 48,158
T
2
441,62
(NBR/PVC)/CR/ENR-40
T
1
255,11
181,47 47,178
T
2
436.58
- Cht bin i cu trc ENR-40 lm tng kh nng tng hp
ca CR vi h blend NBR/PVC.
- Mu vt liu NBR/PVC/CR c hoc khng c cht bin i
cu trc c tn hao khi lng thp hn so vi h blend nn
NBR/PVC

Kt lun:
KT LUN
T cc kt qu nghin cu cho thy rng:
.
Nghin cu bin tnh h blend NBR/PVC (80)/20 bng CR cc t l khc
nhau cho thy khi CR t hm lng 30% th mu blend c cu trc cht ch v
cc tnh cht c l k thut tt hn cc t l khc.
Kho st kh nng bn du m ca vt liu thng qua trng ca vt liu
trong du bin th cho thy rng: vt liu hu nh khng b trng trong du
bin th sau 24h gi ngm v nh vy c th ni vt liu c kh nng bn
trong mi trng du m.
Trong hai cht bin i cu trc c s dng lm cht tng hp cho blend
(NBR/PVC)/CR l DLH v ENR-40 th ENR-40 c tc dng tt hn. Khi c mt
ca cht bin i cu trc ENR-40 lm tng kh nng tng hp ca cao su
blend ba thnh phn, vt liu c cu trc u n v cht ch hn (th
hin trong nh SEM
ENR-40 t ra l cht bin i cu trc ph hp cho h blend 3 thnh phn
(NBR/PVC)/CR. N c tc dng lm tng tng hp gia cc pha, tng tnh
cht c l, bn nhit ca vt liu
Vt liu blend (NBR/PVC)/CR vi t l 70/30 (c hoc khng c ph gia
bin i cu trc, lm tng hp) c tnh nng c hc, c kh nng bn
du m, bn nhit , p ng c nhu cu ch to cc loi J ong m
chu du cng nh ch to mt s sn phm cao su k thut khc.