(SPSS) 

   

 
  
:

 ! "#     
   
 

  

$ '( ')
* +!$ ,!- .
 /0 
&
 $# % 
#
& 
#  '(
% ! .
# +* 4    1  5!# 1 ') .
1$
 
&
 2&
#
.'
$9  
 4  ,!
) /&
& + $
#. ! +6
78

 !$
$ 4..
 " 48
 ')* :# !"
:8 ;1 %  ')   <
 /  
. %

1 /:
:(Descriptive Statistics) %& #' .1
4&
 ')*
$ /
&
8& 
 '! +!$  > 1
7 + ?
    7 < + 0$
! &
 
   ' #   


&
 A$ @& ) 4  9 48
 % . 01
@
/4&
& '!   7
# .
    +& /' ! B
& 4
.0) 1 @ 

C %
:(Inferential Statistics) % % #' .2
1 % ? *$ &$ 'D % "# ?
 +!$ <! E $# 1
 
18 
 '! +!$   .0 ?
6 E 0 "#

  4

 /

#6 
!
 0(F '  
 (G
*C
&


4 ?
 E $

) .H 5
*
  F&  
)  I :
! J
.
 '  ;1 4 )  H! +!$ 8!  '  % '
$ ') ( 
: " 4 :
 $

.

   E %$ 
&

 "# 4 7) &  %
. " .1
.7) $7& 2

.* ,
 E %$ 
&
 
*& 8) +6
. * .2
'
 1
)   
&
 
&
 %
 & %  4 CD
. J .3
. - % 
. 2
C 4
 E
 4 # 
 . ?
.  #. A  +!$
. $
 .4
2
 %
C   C 2
 %
C   C  H! %$ 
... 2
    &$ '
 1
) C
1

:()
)*  ()
) #
:%$& +6 4..
.  %)
.(Parametric Statistics) > 

. .1
.(Nonparametric Statistics) > 
D
. .2
a )'C9 +!$   *F  

   &$ % > 

. A8
41 /&
 7 8  
%$ 0
$ 1 *F  
  ( parameter
@& 6 '
( ' +! /0-
&) 
( C %$ 0
$ .6 41
 8 


1C <& %$ 0

$ .6 1
 0?  ;1 <! > *F % #  0?  > +6
&
 +* 28&
?   /

( *F 1 %) H /0?  ;
8@  > 

 <!  
 ;1 C %)
1C 0?  <& % 
 '( 5&9 0?  9
 &


C %) ! 
C <
&
 0) 0? 
 /0?  # <D .
/
1C 0?  <& % 
 '( - %$ 0
$ H 41 /  
&$ % A8 > > 

. 
! "  
 
&
 ')  %)
< &.  
 ,
 ,! > 4 $. +&&!
   
.M .... 
. '
 >

% .
 %() + &   %
!$ '  4 
&
 , .
   9 ,! 5!$ / ( Normal Distribution )' "7 %   ,C
&   %$
#  4 
&
 "7 '(
 . 0
 / 
D
. E
: /B ')* )  +6 5* ' ' "7 4 '
 1
) 2# ')* "
/' "7 %$ 0 '
)*  G  ')* 1  G &   %$  &
)
2
 +!$ ?
 4?
. #.   +!$  9 "7 1 "7 !)  
5
&  N #6 %$ :& % ,# ' 
 ;1 4 5 %) . ' "7
. 
D 
. 
  ?
.  # $#
:+&  ,   
D! #

1O   &
&. ! %
 4 % % () 
4
  '( 7) $7& 2
 
#6 < 8!  
&
 ?
.

! M 
. D
 ,
 * 2
 ,
 /
&
 % $#

&
 # %
)  
 /D 2  E
 ?
. D! ;1 '(
 ,
 07#  " !)* H
&1   /'
 ') +!$ . )
Statistical )$
#. !! ?
. 7 '( 
 P 
2


&  ?
 D!
 
! (SPSS) (Package for Social Sciences
.0 
:  % .  /   -
:41 SPSS P
&  
 '!! 
   H
&1
.(Coding) 
! "# 0   
#  + 
&
 7 .1
Data Editor (Data view)
&
  8 4 
&
 '
6 .2
.?  % Procedure ,
& #9 
 .3
.
!$ '! #
1 Variables  - 
 .4
.4?
. '! #. ,
& 4?
. 
 . 
 .5
.(
&
 A$) 8 
* 
   J : 
&
 # .6
:( SPSS )0
) 1 2 2
/ 
 :
) .1
7 .
&
 7 41 '! < ,
 +6

6 E 4  
 0 
.,
 +6

6 ' <  
C +6 ' F ') 

#6 ' !$ 41 
&

%
. !? +!$ 
#
 % % ( 1
* ) 
*9 %
 SPSS 8 ,
- %$ 0
$ 1 %
. 4 (0 ) ' F ') / (Cases) .
  !$ E!
. -  ( 8 ) !?9 +!$ 
*9 

#6 + /(Variable)
 - % % - ')
$. :
 ;
&. 
&
 7 !$ B


!
  /(1) C

?    - $ , +!$ 
C $#  
/4
# />&
( / /4?  /+) 4!   /(+(&) ()) & '( :9

 7 !?9 ;1 4 (B7 O /B7) $
#. 
 /(4
# E
+& % +6 )1 (2 /1) $
#. 
! /(6 /5 /4 /3 /2 /1) (2 /1) +  +!$
E  0* E  '( /
$
 

 D!  G + 7
 .9 
!
E  " 
# +!$ ' 5 C  
 '
( 1 4 0* A
 A
 

' 2 C  "
 " 
# +!$ ' 3 C  "E  " 
# +!$ ' 4 C  "0*
".0* A
 " 
# +!$ ' 1 C  "A
 " 
# +!$
%9 
C9    '8 %) 7 + <    %)  +!$
< % E8 ,
 %. /()   SPSS 4 C 
&
 '
6 !$
C  - "  8& SPSS 4  9 % () %
 H) 0)  0-
-! 7 1 -  % +6 ;
&. ,#
) .  - " 8& .
'( 
7  R  5!!  . %  < &
( %$ 7 . : ) 5 
3

SPSS P
& %. <  
C9 '
 7!#& -!    '8 /$ @ # !
.
9  - , %) 5&G
!$ /, O
: Data Editor (Data view) ))
& %  1 :3
'
6 ! /:
 E! 4 
  1
*  
&
 7  :
 

&
 ;1 5&
  ' % 2 /4?
. P
& '  +6 
&
 ;1

)  1
* ?
 %$ :
   /01
* ') @&
 4&
 '?. %
  4
  '( ) ?
6  *F  /&
 
  /?
6
% 
. 
CD 'D %    %
  >
 < &.  ' & 
%  1
* <  C .
1O %
  % 
 '
 '( %-

 +6 48
 % '& C "# ?
 < +6 &
."# ?
 +6 & ?
 % > 4..
SPSS :0
) % 
 '  # )
%(

  4 ?
* ?
.  # %  P
& 1 %
H! & < 
  1 @   &$ $
#. ! %  4
() ?
  #6   
! (  0 ) %(
 0
$
  4  #
0  0
*& < 4  # ')   4$
# : # D 7 
% C > 4 08& ?
 E %   #6 :
  
 0
$
&6
.
C9
SPSS :% )  /

17  & @& 4 !$ >G 

! 
9 J
8 (Menus) ?  '(

! "# 

D % " /$ ? C
!!   ? ? C * P
&
:41 ?  ;1 P
&
1 4

*& : % 
8! " '
 +6 ?
 ;1    < : File 4

! .1
H) 
8! $
  
8! %7   &7  
8! J  0# 
8!
.P
& % B 
M& '(   9 % () +!$ ?
 ;1 > : Edit :)) 
! .2
. .
 %$ :   N +6 %
) % 
&
 '&
* 
@6 % ?
 ;1 E %$ :
 " : View 5) 
! .3
: '
   %) 4 (Toolbar) 
& 0  
&.  9
)* 
8 6  
@6 ?
 ;1 'D % " H) /?  %$
4

 .. %

&$
8 6  
@6 /    & - (Grid lines)
.(Value Labels )
H) /
?
 -  - < ?
 ;1 J : Data  
! .4
O  
&
 " P ' 7 % 
&
 +!$ 8!  
!
 

.* 
! % H

!
 
 ?
 ;1 'D % " : Transform : * 
! .5
SPSS P
&

&7 4 ?
 '     '( 8!  

S  "# 
! 
  /
1O ,  
&
 7 0
$6
.
1O
D!
 ?
 ;1  :(Analyze or Statistics )# 
! .6

 ?
 D!   "# +!$ >  /0() ?
.
 &. .
 
 
 &.  
 
 ,
 '(  
.
1O 
( 
# 

 '$ ?
 ;1 E %$ "& : Graphs :
) 
! .7
.8!  '
)*G &

  <! %$ !8 
! 
#6 "
&1 : Utilities: . 
! .8
 -! (Sets) 
$#     < <! 1
 4  - 
.8! 
8!   & % '& ?
 ;1 E %$ " : Windows: )-1 
! .9
. & ;1 # ) 
5D % " 4!$
8 0$
 
@& ?
 ;1 7 : Help: 6
 
!.10
"
 !)* #  &$
1#& 4 .F
! 0() 

#6 +!$ '
:?  ;
 ! J +
 ')*  SPSS P
&

SPSS :4 ? ?  (1) C ')*

:'  ) # )1  -

+!$ D
&!$ ,# 8!  4..
  
 *C
& & % 'C
;1 / 
 . ;1 % 4?
6 
 > #
1
 ,# 4   
:4

)   
.4?
 '!  & 
 ;
#  4 
9 8 ) .1
,# /5& (sample) & ,  > (population)   "#  .2
.C    C( P?
& +!$ '! (sample size) & # 
/(
1O  /0.01  /0.05 >) (Level of Significance) &   .3
;1 4 ;F #6 ,# > ,
& (Statistical test) 4?
 
 . 
.


 4?
 
 . #6 #&
!$ ! 4 ?
  %
C .4
Statistical Tables ?
 ' # 4 0) critical value #
'C  A H   % H!$ /;F #6  > 4?
 
 .
 

H )

 P  @ %I )
 # % .
9 8
.?
 ' #
 &
. +6 #
 % 0*
 p C
:7
 %' ) )1
$ /
&
 & '( / 0$ ' $ +!$ ,
& 4?
 
 . 
 
. 9 '  %
1O /& # 
&
 56 4& > "7  /
$#
6

4 A  %  
 . ;1 % 
 ') %$ 0  0&
$6 +6 E& <
T
 '&
&&I 7  /
& 
 ') < 1
&1 <
 /0() '
8
?
  
 . ; " A$ 4!
 .'
# 1 4   ,) +6
.$
#. !! ?
. 7 +
? # 8)
:'  

,) 4 5 7 >  (significance level) ?

 . %(
  
!   # . : (hypothesis) 
8 
 4 /H ()
8 

:4
 '
(

 %) 
 C ?
 . '( ..  %
%
& % &
&&6 :5 A '1 +6 * 5&

 !$ ># % S # 
&$"
' %
) 6 %) /! >#& %
&&I %10 % ()
& '*8 '
 %
) I 

 ! #6 $ #6 %6 > /! ;1 >#& <
&&I %10 % 'C '*8
.  %?
   /'
( 1 +!$ E) .D( % 10 41 & 
%(
    > #& )

 : 
 C 41 &  
/ 8 V'  O +&
 V '  +&
 V?
 . 

 .

:% 4 " ?
 . %

.0.05 % 'C  :'9 
.0.01 % 'C : 4&
( 
%$  () 
C 4 /'9  % 5C 4 () 4&
(  
'&
&$ V. ;1 +&
 H 4& 
 .'
   . 
0 100 
 . 1  : 1
&$ 
&& 4& 1 %
 / 0.05  &$ '  1
+!$ '& % 4
  & %) < /0 95 #& 28& +!$ '& <
&&I
 &
 9 H) .( 0.05 > ) ? ' %    1 8!  #&
0 100 ' % 0 99 #& 28& +!$ ' < 4&& 4& 5&
 /0.01 .
') 4  0  0 %) () '
  &
& .
 .  #
 $ 4
1 E
&$ 
&& 4&
&9 /C9 41 0.01 . & %
 "
 .0 100
0 999 #& 28& +!$ '& <
&&I (0 1000 ) 0 < # ;1  :
.
 0  0 '
 4

Parametric tests :/

 '  )
(t-test) :t ) .1
% H
&1 /(&  08 
&
) ) 
&
 
 4 
 . 1  
%$ #
& 
&
 '() ordinal  
&
 
 4 /!C 1 /5  
 >
&
4 .
 . 1    *
  .
& O (Likert scale ). 2


W7 $7
 
&
 %) (%$# ) %&$ &
 
 . 1   0

.8!  .

  1   
 0$ H
&1 .
W
:6  

 () ) ."

   0
$   /4
  X >@&  &
 
 . 1  
J 
     />@& 
 4

 &
 
 8! 07
:
 . 1 # 8)
.Compare Means   Analyze ?
C % .1
. One Samples T - Test   $8  9 ?
C % .2
' +6
!& ( !  -   - ?
C % .3
.,
&
.(test value) " + (H ) >@&  C " .4
:
 . 1 8&
$
 ,# +    $# +!


%I /(12) >

 4$
#. E ! ( test value = H ) >@&  % A8&
:4
 & +!$ %) #.

:
 #& +!$ '& (Ok) +!$ -

OneSample Statistics

N
social

15

Mean
15.00

Std. Deviation
2.330

Std. Error
Mean
.602

OneSample Test
Test Value = 12

social

t
4.987

95% Confidence Interval

of the Difference
Mean
df
Sig. (2!tailed) Difference
Lower
Upper
14
.000
3.000
1.71
4.29

:     

 
4$
#. E ! 07 
   0  $#! () 
 ( ) '#
(15 = %)
!$ %C
 '
89 
B
&.




.
0.001
4$
#. E  

C < &.

()
4.98

>

2.33





$

4

15

>@&
12

 

06

  # 
8.


.Independent t-test /

  t ) :3
.Paired t-test -)
  t )1 :33
E8 %
) 6
  %$# 4 &
 %
 . % D) 
0 
&
 4 t 
    7# . .! #& 2
W
WC
&
') &
  : D
W ( 
$# :D( % &
 > multiple comparisons
,
& 
 .  .'9 & G ,
) +6 >F C H % 6 /0 +!$ %$#
One-way analysis of (ANOVA)   ;
#.  %
 '!" 1 
 ;1 4

, # 1 /%! %$#! () 

 . '
( +!
 .variance
:
   
.Compare Means   Analyze ?
C % .1
.

Independent Samples T - Test   $8  9 ?

C % .2

' +6
!& ( !  -   - ?
C % .3
.,
&
.  4&$ <$ ( Define Groups 7 & .4
:.
& ?
 
! A 
6 %) Options ?
C % .5

/
   #  /& &  N 4$
#. E ! - H
&1 % % @D
:@ + 

=) :& ') & + 

C. +1 (2 /1) 
$# < J @.
:4Z P& (ok) +!$ -  .2 = +(& /1

10

Group Statistics

gender
1
2

social

Mean
15.40
16.20

10
10

Std. Error
Mean
.792
.800

Std. Deviation
2.503
2.530

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances

F
social Equal variances assumed
.024
Equal variances not
assumed

Sig.
.879

t
!.711

t!test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence Interval
Mean Std. Error of the Difference
df Sig. (2!tailed)
DifferenceDifference Lower Upper
18
.486 !.800 1.125 !3.165 1.565

!.711 17.998

.486

!.800

1.125 !3.165

1.565

:+
 & +!$ ;D$ %! +  
! # %)
D  ! 
 4 E8  %! %$#! () 
 ( ) '#
(:
&6 /)) &!
 * ! 2
9 !
B
&.
%

 

E

#



C

< &.


.
0.486
.

()
0.711

>

2.50
2.53

%$#



$

&

.

10
15.4
16.2
10

)
:
&6

%
 % &
! 0
$   % %$#! () 
 '
( E!


'C '9 2
 / 9 % $# %
 &
 #6 &$  ) >  +!
/% 0  $#  2
C   /(
1 4&
( 2
  /0# ,    
: SPSS % 5#     J +
 B& 
.Compare Means   Analyze ?
C % .1
. Paired Sample T - Test   $8  9 ?
C % .2
.,
& ' +6
!& ( !  -   - ?
C % .3
.
& ?
 
! A 
6 %) Options ?
C % .4
.OK 7 & .5

11

+!$ +
 #
 /% %$# () 
 . 
9 
! J ')*
:+
 #&
& @ 
&
 ;1

')* &$ J   - & 5#  +!$ - % +-&
:;
& ')* H&$ P& (Ok) +!$ -  /;D$
Paired Samples Statistics

Pair 1

pretest
postest

Mean
20.32
61.36

N
50
50

Std. Deviation
7.020
12.885

Std. Error
Mean
.993
1.822

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences
95% Confidence Interval
Std. Error of the Difference
Mean Std. Deviation Mean
Lower
Upper
t
Pair 1 pretest ! postest
!41.040
14.894
2.106 !45.273 !36.807 !19.484

df
49

Sig. (2!tailed)
.000

:+
 & +!$ ;D$  
&
 # %)
12

BD P
& E  'C 48& E  + E8  () 
 ( )'#
.>!) '- + +!$ 4 4)!
9


/


!

4 )

?
   E #



0.001

( )
19.4

()

7.02
12.8

> E J


-




2

8-

20.3
61.3

50

4!C
>

(ANOVA) :  : ; 2  : )

4) & %
 
&
 %) ()  
$# :D( &
 
 . 1  
& H
&1 /
$# % 4?
& . $ &

&&)
W@& .
W
W7 $7
&) 
&
 & +!$
& & ')     /%
 '! 
 % 8! 
.
$#!
%
) 6
  
$# "# 
 &
 %
 '! 
 
' 6
 
 4 / ! #& 1  4 <D 1
& <D .
Statistically

W?
6 >& E) 
 %
W
WC H
&1 % +6 :


 $# +!$ <! 

6  
 #I 
 !$ %I (Significant
D  
 . " 
  
 . ;1 + /E8 1 4  4 
$#
%G B
&.  %
 '! 
 #6  .6
1F #6  . /" Post-Hoc test
:4!
 D  
 . 1 % /
 %
W?
6 >& E H
&1
.Tukey test

4) 
 .1

.Scheffe test 5* 

 .2
 ,)  
 . ;1 %   
 # .6 :
 B
 . )
 # 
'! 
  />
9 %
 '!  
  
! B& +!
 .(
&

:>
.Compare Means  Analyze   .1
.One-way ANOVA      .2
. !" #$%*)( & + ,- ./)$ 1 34 1   .3
.;!"< 4=) 6 56. 78 9: Options   .4
+ *E!F Post Hoc >. ?18 #*% 1  @ /B 3" .5
.:36;

13

0   /' /B7 /,7

$ :+1 
 (D( % %) $
#. 
 % @D
:+
 " @ H 


:;
&  #& @ (ok) +!$ -

ANOVA
s.status

Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

Sum of
Squares
2.917
11.083
14.000

df
6
14
20

Mean Square
.486
.792

F
.614

Sig.
.716

% $
#. E  + E # . H /(0.05) % ) 
.  % @D
'!  & .
&&I +

 /(' /,7
$ /B7) 8!  $
#. .

& +!$ J #& %I /
$# %   E # 5& .# A8& />
:(4)) 
   
 > '! '# 28& + 
  +


14

ANOVA
social
Sum of
Squares
18399.29
29768.49
48167.78

Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

df
2
47
49

Mean Square
9199.646
633.372

F
14.525

Sig.
.000

social
a,b

Tukey HSD
educate
1
2
3
Sig.

N
14
14
22

Subset for alpha = .05

1
2
3
5.2857
27.2143
51.1818
1.000
1.000
1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 15.931.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the
group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

:
 " !   
  #

!
 4$
#. E  + E8  >
9 %
 '! 
 ( ) '#
(' /B7 /,7
$) $
#.
B
&.



C




#

#

%
 

+ 
$# %   E #


.
0.001

(<)
14.5



9199.6
633.3


2
47
49



18399.3
29768.4
48167.7


$# %

4$
#. E 


$# ' 
4!)


 :
   /
$# % 4$
#. E  + E8 %) % 
, [7 $ % 1 E8 % #. 1 #& @G /> '!! +)
'9 $# % /(27.21 = ) %#7 $# % (5.28 = )
.
  () 1 ' 9 $# % +&
 /%#7  (51.1 = )
Nonparametric tests :/
* '  )'
  /(nominal . 
&
 ) 8) 
&
 "  
 . ;1  
.
W
W7 $7 %) . 4 ) 
&

 

:%- )< 
 2) 2-
2 8)& )
  2
)1 .2
.
W
W7 $7 O ) 
&
 % %
&) %! %$# &
  
:
 . 1 # 8) J +
 B& 

15

.(Nonparametric tests) ( Analyze)   .1

.2 independent samples      .2
. !" #$%*)( & + ,- ./)$ 1 34 1   .3
.ok &) ?18 .4

:+
 " @ (Analyze) +!$ - 
Ranks

attitudes

gender
1
2
Total

N
33
27
60

Mean Rank
27.58
34.07

Sum of Ranks
910.00
920.00

Test Statisticsa

Mann!Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2!tailed)

attitudes
349.000
910.000
!1.435
.151

a. Grouping Variable: gender

+ :
& 
!  ) %! % 8& 
1
#. + E8  4& %
 
 ( ) '#
.
  2 
B
&.



C

!

!



$


$#


.
0.151
  E # .

(7)
1.43

%))!
910.0

4& %

349.0

,
27.5
34.0

.

33
27

)

%$# %

:
&6

:%- )< 
 2-)
2-
2 8)& )
 2== )1.3
.(Nonparametric tests) ( Analyze)   .1
.2 related samples      .2

16

. !" #$%*)( & + ,- ./)$ 1 34 1   .3

.ok &) ?18 .4

:;
&  P?
& @ $# % % % E8 
Ranks
N
attipre ! attipost

Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Ties
Total

a. attipre < attipost

b. attipre > attipost
c. attipre = attipost
Test Statisticsb

Z
Asymp. Sig. (2!tailed)

attipre !
attipost
!6.629a
.000

a. Based on positive ranks.

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

17

58a
1b
1c
60

Mean Rank
30.40
7.00

Sum of Ranks
1763.00
7.00

/+!C) 
 . &
 % '
89 & 
1
# + E8  %))! 
 ( ) '#
(>

 

E

B
&.



#


.
0.036

> 
1
# J

> '8 &

(7) C
2.09



$

,

.

a58
b1
c1

30.4
7.00

$#

 ,
# ,

>  +!C



.
.> ,  % 'C 4! ,  a
.> ,  % ) 4! ,  b
.> ,  = 4! ,  c

:%- )<  > 6

 

   ? =)= ) .4
 /
 O
7 $7 
&

 
$# :D( H
&1 %)
&$
:+
 & +!$ 1 
 . 1   
.(Nonparametric tests) ( Analyze)   .1
.k independent samples      .2
. !" #$%*)( & + ,- ./)$ 1 34 1   .3
.ok &) ?18 .4

18

: /)6( JK (ok) &) ?1I 36.

KruskalWallis Test
Ranks

attitudes

educate
1
2
3
Total

N
19
10
21
50

Mean Rank
17.89
40.00
25.48

Test Statisticsa,b

Chi!Square
df
Asymp. Sig.

attitudes
15.261
2
.000

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: educate

:M /N" )& OP /)6 3B 9:


$#!
 8& 
1
#. ,  4 E8  7  '
)) 
 ( ) '#

  4! 8!  !
B
&.




#


.



2
)

%
?
   E #

$#

0.001

15.2



$


$#

,
17.8
40.0
25.4

.

19
10
21

>&
(
4
#
4
# E

19

:%- )<  

 -)
 

 2
) ) .6
0  $# +!$ # %
C % () H
&1 %)
&$ 2
 1  
:
   !
 ;F # %) /
 O D7 $7
.(Nonparametric tests) ( Analyze)   .1
.k - related samples      .2
. !" #$%*)( & + ,- ./)$ 1 34 1   .3
.ok &) ?18 .4

? & +6

!  C   8 
 + 
$#  % @D
'& (100) + '
 , 4!) $# +!$ 8 5!$ '
 
.? & +!$

:
 
! @ (ok) +!$ -


20

Friedman Test
Ranks

perpysic
perfeel
perclimate

Mean Rank
2.59
1.58
1.84

Test Statisticsa
N
Chi!Square
df
Asymp. Sig.

158
87.669
2
.000

a. Friedman Test

   8  

9 + E8  ,! %
 
 ( ) '#
.(158= %) ! 1
#
 - &
    4

9


/

2= 
!

7) -

)@
 "

2.29

 )A


1.58

)B


1.84

%& C





1D$ /,  +   E #

48& \
&  $
*
1
& 
 @

0.001

87.66

:Correlation -) *


'
& 4 
&
 $& ,   ')     
.  & % %
$& H
&1
%8) %-
&
) 
 .%
 '& (C ) ) 
&
 % +& /

H
& % O
1
& CD 2
C H1 %
) (...4!  '() %
 ?
 D
 H
& 
? 4  
&
 &
) 
 .%
 
 '

%
) 6 % 
 '
     5&I H ." 
 '( CD 5. 
 .
&
) 6
 /(M ... /,
?).  / &
   /'  /E! ) % %-

 /! 
 /48@
 /8& 
1
#. ) :'(   -
:
    28& %
 % %
 >
    %G
!$ /( 
.Correlate  Analyze   .1
.Bivariate      .2
. !" #$%*)( & + ,- ./)$ 1 34 1   .3
. !;/!.  !"; KF #6  .4
: ;#9 /+ &): 7

21

:/!. ;K #6 .1

6 . P6 76 ) !3 1 U. V) !% /)6 W8/: #9X
:MKZ. ]4; /*: ([E& 4) )  E 1& 7 Z

: /)6 )& #<NK (ok) &) ?1I.

Correlations
age
age

first

second

third

fourth

Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N

1
50
.269*
.029
50
.247*
.042
50
.216
.066
50
.193
.090
50

first
.269*
.029
50
1
50
.978**
.000
50
.935**
.000
50
.915**
.000
50

second
.247*
.042
50
.978**
.000
50
1
50
.950**
.000
50
.923**
.000
50

third
.216
.066
50
.935**
.000
50
.950**
.000
50
1
50
.926**
.000
50

fourth
.193
.090
50
.915**
.000
50
.923**
.000
50
.926**
.000
50
1
50

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (1-tailed).

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).

:& /N" )& OP / `/)6 3B ,K

22

Pbc ?b! Mb%" db7/ b6. b6 b. bP6 76 /!. ;K #6 () 3B
.(50 = )/cE 6e. ?!/> e
"!



  

 

bbb:c bbbP 3bbbB/K

0.029

0.269

#$%!


0.042

0.247

#&'


0.066

0.216

#(!


0.090

0.193

#)*


:1 . 
bbb:c bbbP 3bbbB/K
:1 . 
bbb:c bbbP 3bbbB/K
:1 . 
bbb:c bbbP 3bbbB/K
:1 . 
;b! ;K #6 &) /<N 3:+ 3" OP /$E"[ .  *9: 
:6;c g 6:/K / ; K 1

:&  /$E( JK ,- 

:
 
! @ (ok) +!$ -

23

Nonparametric Correlations
Correlations
Spearman's rho

fateduc

attiudes

Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (1-tailed)
N

fateduc
1.000
.
50
-.099
.247
50

attiudes
-.099
.247
50
1.000
.
50

:+
 & +!$ ;D$ 
&
 # %)

1
#. "   !  % CD  %
 
 '
 ( ) '#
.(50 = %) 07# . 0 ! & 8&
B
&.

 CD$ # .


. 
0.247


1
#. " 
. '


-

0.099]

,9 !

.%- %  
:Chi-square (2) (= >)
)1.1

&
   (frequency data)  ) 
&
 '! 
 . 1 4 
') %) % ,# /(categories) 
? +6   ) 
&
 +6
!  4 )
sample )& # %
) 6 
 . 1    %) . . 9 ?8 %$ ! ?
expected ) "C  ) ' . ,#
) /22 >
) '# 
 4 20 % 'C ( size
:9 ;
D % ! ') 4 5 %$ (frequency
.Descriptive Statistics  Analyze   .1
.Crosstabs      .2
. !" #$%*)( & + ,- ./)$ 1 34 1   .3
.;!"< 4=) 6 56. 78 9: Options   .4
.ok &) ?18 .5
: #. 1 '
). !  #. J 
 
! 

24

anxlevel * gender Crosstabulation

Count
gender
1
anxlevel

1
2
3

2
13
11
9
33

Total

Total
8
9
10
27

21
20
19
60

ChiSquare Tests

Pearson Chi!Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear!by!Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases

Value
.852a
.854
.837

2
2

Asymp. Sig.
(2!sided)
.653
.652

.360

df

60

a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The

minimum expected count is 8.55.

E!  (+(& / )) ,D & % CD  (2

)) 
 ( ) '#
.(60 = %) ("8 / /A8 &)
B
&.



2
) C

+(&

)

E! 

8
9
10

13
11
09

A8 &


.
%   CD$ # .
%-

0.653

0.852


"8

25

 ) 2
) D 
-) 

+&  !  E =
%/- # ))/

(F= >)
) 2= ) (1)
group * nage Crosstabulation
Count
nage
1
group

cogbehaonly
medicalonly
med+beha
control

2
6
8
13
11
38

Total

Total
14
12
7
9
42

20
20
20
20
80

ChiSquare Tests

Pearson Chi!Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear!by!Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases

Value
5.815a
5.925

3
3

Asymp. Sig.
(2!sided)
.121
.115

.047

df

3.960
80

a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The

minimum expected count is 9.50.

  
 #D $# % CD  2
) 
 ( ) '#
.- &
 
&  

B
&.


. 

2
)

% CD$ # .


$#  
8! 

26

0.121

5.81

25 % ()
14

24]20
6

 /
$#

12

 4

07

13

! 

09

11




4  4)!

:2) -) 

(2)
Correlations
age
age

total

Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1!tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1!tailed)
N

1
50
.240*
.047
50

total
.240*
.047
50
1
50

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (1!tailed).

!) :
(  

  E!  4&7  % CD  % 
 '
 () '#
.(50 = %)( , Z
B
&.
 
 CD$ #


. 
0.047

E! " 
. '

0.240

 -
+&7 

%- %  

:2
) -) 

(3)
Correlations

Spearman's rho

moeduc

total

Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (1!tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (1!tailed)
N

moeduc
1.000
.
50
!.063
.332
50

total
!.063
.332
50
1.000
.
50

'
89 & 
1
#.  9 !  % CD  ,! %
 
 '
 () '#
.(50 = %) , Z !) :
(  ,D 
!$ %C

B
&.


.  "
 

. '



 -


#.
  
 CD$ # .
%- %

27

0.332

0.063]

9 !