BIOSCIENTIAE

Volume 9, Nomor 2, Juli 2012, Halaman 26-

39 h!"#$mi!a%unlam%a&%i'#(io)&ieniae
KANDUNGAN KROMIUM (Cr) PADA GONDANG
(Pila scutata) DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI RIAM KANAN
KABUPATEN BANJAR
Aditya Rahman, Fina Susilawati, Utami Irawati
*ro+ram Su'i Biolo+i ,-I*A .ni/er)ia) 0am(un+ -an+1ura
Jl% A% 2ani 3m 34,5 Ban6ar(aru, 3alimanan Selaan
E-mail" A'i7a8.nlam97ahoo%&o%i'
ABSTRACT
Aroun' :iam 3anan ri/er, one &an $in' minin+ a&i/iie) an' lo&al hou)in+% I i)
!re'i&e' ha ho)e a&i/iie) mi+h +enerae ;a)e &onaminae' ;ih Cr, a o<i& hea/7
meal% In hi) re)ear&h, +on'an+ )nail) =Pila scutata> ;ere u)e' a) (ioin'i1aor o )u'7
Cr !olluion in :iam 3anan area% The )am!le) o$ +on'an+ ;ere a1en $rom ? )aion)
alon+ :iam 3anan, ;hi&h i) 2 1m) $rom re)er/oir :iam 3anan, A;an+ Ban+1al @e),
-an'i1a!au Ea) an' 3aran+ Inan Aam% Chromium &onen) in he +on'an+ )am!le),
)e'imen an' ;aer (o'ie) ;ere anal7Be' Aomi& A()or!ion S!e&ro!hoomeer% The
re)ul hen i) &orrelaion re+re))ion S*SS /er)ion 1C% Chromium &onen a )am!le
+on'an+ i) )ome )aion o$ !roa&inium Cr ha) in &on&enraion ha i) enou+h i) hei+h%
:e)ul o$ anal7)i) )ho;) &onen Cr in ;aer errior7 ran+e) $rom 0,0152-0,0416 !!m,
&onen Cr a )e'imen ran+e) $rom 0,19C5-13,5C39 !!m an' a +on'an+ =Pila scutata>
in ;aer errior7 o$ :iam 3anan ri/er he ran+e o$ (e;een 0,0106-1,29C9 !!m% The
relaion o$ &orrelaion re+re))ion +on'an+ an' ;aer ha) ne+ai/e 'ire&ion an'
&orrelaion (e;een +on'an+ ;ih )e'imen i) !o)ii/e 'ire&ion%
3e7 ;or')" Riam Kanan river, gondang and chromuim.
PENDAHULUAN
0o+am (era 7an+ a'a 'alam
(a'an !erairan a1an men+alami !ro)e)
!en+en'a!an 'an era1umula)i 'alam
)e'imen% 0o+am 'a!a !ula era1umula)i
'alam u(uh (ioa 7an+ a'a 'alam
!erairan =erma)u1 ma1roBoo(eno) 7an+
(er)i$a sessil>, (ai1 )e&ara 'i$u)i mau!un
melalui ranai ma1anan 'an a1hin7a a1an
)am!ai !a'a manu)ia% ,enomena ini
'i1enal )e(a+ai
(ioa1umula)i
aau
(ioma+ni$i1a)i
=Aahuri dkk%,
1996> 3romium
'i1eahui
erma)u1 lo+am
(era 'en+an
'am!a1 (aha7a
7an+ &u1u!
(e)ar 'an haru)
'i;a)!a'ai%
Aalam !erairan,
Cr =Vl> (er)i$a
)an+a o1)i1,
1oro)i$,
1ar)ino+eni1 'an
memili1i
1elaruan 7an+
)an+a in++i%
O1)i+en erlaru
'alam !erairan
'a!a Cr =III>
men6a'i Cr
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
=VI> )e&ara lam(a !a'a em!eraur
1amar =:oo dkk%, 2009>%
Su( Aaerah Aliran Sun+ai
=AAS> :iam 3anan meru!a1an )alah
)au (a+ian 'ari AAS Bario
3a(u!aen Ban6ar 3alimanan Selaan%
Ba+ian )u( AAS :iam 3anan 7an+
'i6a'i1an o(7e1 !eneliian 7aiu 2 3-
'ari @a'u1 :iam 3anan, A;an+
Ban+1al Bara, -an'i1a!au Timur 'an
Ben'un+an 3aran+ Inan% Ai (anaran
Sun+ai :iam 3anan er'a!a a1i/ia)
am(an+ (au +unun+, +alian C =!a)ir,
1eri1il 'an (au> 'an !erumahan
!en'u'u1 )eem!a% A'an7a a1i/ia)
ma)7ara1a er)e(u men7e(a(1an
er6a'in7a !en&emaran 'i lin+1un+an
!erairan :iam 3anan% Selama ini 'aa
1a'ar lo+am (era !a'a !erairan
)e(a+ai (a+ian 'ari !arameer $i)i1 'an
1imia )uau !erairan, 'ienu1an
lan+)un+ 'ari 1on)enra)i lo+am
er)e(u 'alam (a'an air% Namun
)erin+ 'aa 1a'ar lo+am (era er)e(u
i'a1 men&ermin1an in+1a
!en&emaran 'an (aha7a 7an+
)e)un++uhn7a !a'a ma1hlu1 hi'u!%
3arena iu )aa ini !emanauan in+1a
!en&emaran lo+am (era !erlu
'i'u1un+ 'en+an moniorin+ !a'a
or+ani)me hi'u! 'an )e'imen%
-oniorin+ !a'a or+ani)me hi'u!
aau 'i1enal 'en+an (ioin'i1aor
a'alah !en++unaan 6eni) or+ani)me
erenu 7an+ 'a!a men+a1umula)i
(ahan-(ahan !en&emar 7an+ a'a
)ehin++a me;a1ili 1ea'aan 'i 'alam
lin+1un+an hi'u!n7a =:a)he', 200C>%
Aalam !eneliian ini
'i+una1an )i!u +on'an+ =Pila
scutata> )e(a+ai (ioin'i1aor
&emaran Cr 'i !erairan Sun+ai :iam
3anan% Si!u +on'an+ meru!a1an
)alah )au 6eni) 'ari ma1roBoo(eno)%
Si!u +on'an+ 'i6a'i1an )e(a+ai
in'i1aor 1arena hi'u! +on'an+
relai$ menea!, )ehin++a (ai1
'i+una1an )e(a+ai !eun6u1 1ualia)
lin+1un+an, 1arena )elalu men+alami
1ona1 'en+an lim(ah 7an+ ma)u1
1e ha(ian7a =Aaro6ah, 2004>%
Selaian 1ehi'u!an 7an+ relai$
menea! 'i !erairan, +on'an+
'i6a'i1an )e(a+ai (ioin'i1aor 1arena
'i)ri(u)i =!en7e(aran> 7an+ meraa
!a'a )eia! ii1 !en+am(ilan )am!el
'i !erairan Sun+ai :iam 3anan%
METODE PENELITIAN
*eneliian 'ila1u1an !a'a
(ulan Juni )am!ai Se!em(er 2011,
)am!el 'iam(il 'i !erairan Sun+ai
:iam 3anan 3e&amaan 3aran+
Inan 'an 'ila1u1an anali)i) 'i Ba'an
2
C
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
0in+1un+an Hi'u! =B0H>
-ara!ura% *re!ara)i )am!el u6i
'ila1u1an 'i 0a(oraorium Aa)ar
,-I*A .N0A- Ban6ar(aru%
Penentuan L!asi Pen"am#ilan
Sam$el
*enenuan lo1a)i !en+am(ilan
)am!el +on'an+ 'ienu1an 'en+an
meo'e )am!lin+ !ur!o)i$ aau
!en+am(ilan )e&ara )en+a6a 'en+an
!erim(an+an erenu 'an 'ian++a!
!enin+ 'an 'a!a me;a1ili 1ea'aan
air =Sie+el, 1990>% Ber'a)ar1an meo'e
er)e(u, )a)iun 7an+ 'i6a'i1an em!a
!en+am(ilan )am!el !a'a !erairan
Sun+ai :iam 3anan 3e&amaan 1aran+
Inan )e(an7a1 ? )a)iun% Sa)iun I =2
1m 'ari @a'u1 :iam 3anan> 'en+an
ii1 1oor'ina S 30
o
31D10%1E E
114
o
00D32%0E 'en+an navigate
accurac$ ?2 $ 'ari !ermu1aan lau%
Tii1 ini 'iam(il 1arena a'an7a am(a1
i1an 'i)e1iar Sun+ai :iam 1anan%
Sa)iun II =A;an+ Ban+1al Bara>
'en+an ii1 1oor'ina S 03
o
29D21%6E E
11?
o
045D3?%?E 'en+an navigate
accurac$ 23 $ 'ari !ermu1aan lau%
Sa)iun ini 'ian++a! )e(a+ai !en+ha)il
!en&emaran 'ari am(an+ (au
Funun+% Sa)iun III =-an'i1a!au
Timur> 'en+an ii1
1oor'ina S 03
o
25D26%0E E
11?
o
04D?9%4E 'en+an navigate
accurac$ 20 $ 'ari !ermu1aan lau,
)a)iun ini 'ian++a! )e(a+ai &emaran
'ari +alian C =(au, 1eri1il an !a)ir>
'an Sa)iun IV =Ben'un+an 3aran+
Inan> 'en+an ii1 1oor'ina
S03
o
2CD1C%4E E 11?
o
4CD39%6E 'en+an
navigate accurac$ 34 $ 'ari
!ermu1aan lau 'ian++a! )e(a+ai
(a+ian hilir Sun+ai :iam 3anan%
Tia! )a)iun 'iam(il 2 ii1 )am!el, 1
ii1 )e(elum a1i/ia) 7an+ )u'ah
'i1om!o)i1an 'an 1 ii1 )e)u'ah
a1i/ia) 7an+ 6u+a )u'ah
'i1om!o)i1an%
Pen"u!uran $arameter %isi!a dan
!imia
*arameer $i)i1a 'an 1imia
7an+ 'iu1ur 'alam !eneliian ini
meli!ui"
1% Suhu, 'iu1ur 'en+an
men++una1an ermomeer%
2% Nilai !H air, 'iu1ur men++una1an
!H meer%
3% *enera)i &aha7a =1e&erahan>,
'iu1ur men++una1an !irin+an
Secchi disc%
?% TSS =Total Sus%ended
Solid&,'iu1ur men++una1an 1era)
)arin+ 'an nera&a analii1%
2
5
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
Pre$arasi Sam$el Si$ut "ndan",
Sedimen dan Air
Sam!el 'a+in+ )i!u +on'an+
'i1erin+1an 'alam o/en )elama 5
6am !a'a )uhu 110
o
C% Seelah
'a+in+ )i!u +on'an+ 'i1erin+1an
)elan6un7a )am!el u6i er)e(u
'ianur !a'a )uhu 600
o
C )elama 3
6am, 1emu'ian 'i+eru) 'en+an
men++una1an morar 'an alu hin++a
halu)% Sam!el u6i 1emu'ian
'iim(an+ )e(an7a1 0,4 +,
'ima)u11an 'alam +ela) (e1er,
1emu'ian 'i'e)ru1)i 'en+an
menam(ah1an 1 ml HNO
3
!e1a%
Su)!en)i 'i!ana)1an !a'a hot%late
hin++a 1erin+% Seelah iu
'iam(ah1an 4 ml HCl !e1a 'an
&am!uran 'i!ana)1an 1em(ali%
0aruan )am!el 7an+ er)i)a
'i'in+in1an 'an 'i)arin+, 1emu'ian
'ien&er1an 'en+an a1ua'e) hin++a
/olumen7a e!a 40 ml% Seelah iu
)am!el u6i )ia! unu1 'iu1ur
1an'un+an 1romium =Cr> 'en+an
men++una1an S!e1ro$oomeer
Sera!an Aom =SSA>%
Sam!el )e'imen 'i1erin+1an
'alam o/en )elama 5 6am !a'a )uhu
110
o
C% Seelah )e'imen 'i1erin+1an
)elan6un7a )am!el u6i er)e(u
'i+eru) 'en+an men++una1an morar
'an alu hin++a halu)% Sam!el u6i
1emu'ian 'iim(an+ )e(an7a1 0,4 +,
'ima)u11an 'alam +ela) (e1er
1emu'ian 'iam(ah1an 24 ml a1ua'e)
'an 'i'e)ru1)i 'en+an 4 ml HNO
3
!e1a% Sam!el u6i 'i!ana)1an !a'a hot
%late hin++a er)i)a 14 ml% 0aruan
)am!el 7an+ er)i)a 'i'in+in1an 'an
'i)arin+, 1emu'ian 'ien&er1an hin++a
/olumen7a e!a 40 ml% Seelah iu
)am!el u6i )ia! unu1 'iu1ur
1an'un+an 1romium 'en+an
men++una1an S!e1ro$oomeer
Sera!an Aom =SSA>%
Sam!el air 40 m0 'ima)u11an
'alam +ela) u1ur 100 m0%
Aiam(ah1an 4 m0 HNO
3
!e1a%
Sam!el u6i 'i!ana)1an !a'a hot %late
hin++a er)i)a 14 m0 )am!ai 'en+an
20 m0% 0aruan )am!el 7an+ er)i)a
'i'in+in1an 'an 'i)arin+, 1emu'ian
'ien&er1an hin++a /olumen7a (e!a
40 ml% Seelah iu )am!el u6i )ia!
unu1 'iu1ur 1an'un+an 1romium =Cr>
'en+an men++una1an
S!e1ro$oomeer Sera!an Aom
=SSA>%
Analisis Data
Anali)a 'aa men++una1an
meo'a 1uaniai$% Selain iu 6u+a
'ila1u1an anali)a 1orela)i re+re)i
unu1 men+eahui hu(un+an
2
9
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
1an'un+an Cr !a'a +on'an+, Cr !a'a
Se'imen 'an Cr !a'a air%
HASIL
Ha)il 7an+ 'i'a!a1an !a'a
!en+u1uran !arameer lin+1un+an
'ari )uhu, !H 'an 1e&erahan !a'a
(ulan !erama 'an (ulan 1e'ua 'i
!erairan Sun+ai :iam 3anan !a'a
1eem!a ii1 !en+am(ilan )am!el
'a!a 'iliha !a'a Ta(el 'i (a;ah ini%
Ta(el
1%
3a'ar
Cr
!a'a
)am!e
l air
Sun+a
i
:iam
3ana
n
No
1% 2 1m
'ari
@a'
u1
:ia
m
3an
an
Tii1 1
Tii1 2
2% A;an+
Ban
+1al
Tii1 1
Tii1 2
3% -an'i1
a!au
Tim
ur
Tii1 1
Tii1 2
?% Ben'un
+an
3ar
an+
Ina
n
3eeran+an"
T
'
" Ti'a1 er'ee1)i ala, 1 *en+am(ilan Bulan 3e-1, 2 *en+am(ilan Bulan
3e-2
: " :aa-raa
Ta(el
2%
3a'ar
Cr
!a'a
)am!e
l
)e'im
en
Sun+a
i
:iam
3ana
n
No
1% 2

1m 'ari @a'u1
:iam 3anan
Tii1 1 0,19C1
Tii1 2 2,146
2% A;an+
Ban+1al
Tii1 1 12,5606
Tii1 2 13,5?1?
3% -an'i1a!au
Timur
Tii1 1 1,946
Tii1 2 2,0064
?% Ben'un+an
3aran+ Inan
Tii1 2 0,3?66 0,33C?
3eeran+an"
1
" *en+am(ilan Bulan 3e-1, 2 *en+am(ilan Bulan 3e-2,
: " :aa-raa
30
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
Ta(el 3% 3a'ar Cr !a'a )am!el +on'an+ Sun+ai :iam 3anan
No
Tii1 *em+am(ilan
Sam!el
3an'un+an Cr !a'a Fon'an+ =!!m>
2 : 1
1% 2 1m 'ari @a'u1 :iam 3anan
Tii1 1 0,02? 0,022C 0,0233
Tii1 2 0,5029 0,6C51 0,C?04
2% A;an+ Ban+1al
Tii1 1 1,254? 1,2964 12,909
Tii1 2 1,22CC 1,2252 12,2C9
3% -an'i1a!au Timur
Tii1 1 0,0109 0,010? 0,0106
Tii1 2 0,61? 0,45C 0,6004
?% Ben'un+an 3aran+ Inan
Tii1 1 0,2?69
0,22
C6 0,23C2
Tii1 2 0,59?6
0,46
21 0,C253
3eeran+an"
1
" *en+am(ilan Bulan 3e-1, 2 *en+am(ilan Bulan 3e-
2, : " :aa-raa
PEM'AHASAN
Parameter %isi!a dan !imia di air
Ha)il 'ari !en+u1uran !arameer
$i)i1a 'an 1imia !erairan Sun+ai :iam
3anan 7aiu )uhu (er1i)ar anara 25-
29
o
C, !H (er1i)ar anara C,4-5,
1e&erahan (er1i)ar anara ?3-C2,4 &m
'an !en+u1uran TSS (er1i)ar anara
10,4?-14,C5 m+#0% Ha)il !en+u1uran
)uhu 'i !erairan Sun+ai :iam 3anan
(er1i)ar anara 25-29
o
C% Ber'a)ar1an
)an'ar (a1u muu 1ela) I 7an+ elah
'iea!1an *%*% :e!u(li1 In'one)ia No"
52 ahun 2001 7a1ni (er1i)ar anara 26-
30
o
C, ma1a !erairan Sun+ai :iam
3anan ini ma)ih (era'a
!a'a )an'ar
(a1u muu%
-enuru ,ar'iaB
=1992>, 1enai1an
)uhu air 'a!a
men7e(a(1an
in++in7a
1elaruan lo+am
!a'a )uau
!erairan%
Nilai !H
air (er1i)ar
anara C,4-5, hal
ini menan'a1an
(ah;a !H 'i
!erairan Sun+ai
:iam 3anan
ma)ih (era'a
'alam (aa)
)an'ar (a1u
muu !erairan%
-e)1i!un ma)ih
'a!a 'i1aa1an
normal, nilai !H
7an+ eru1ur
menun6u11an
(ah;a
1on)enra)i OH
-
le(ih (e)ar
'i(an'in+
'en+an H
G
, 7an+
(erari
lin+1un+an
!erairan
&en'erun+
(er)i$a (a)a%
3on'i)i !erairan
7an+ )an+a (a)a
aau )an+a a)am
a1an mem(aha7a1an 1elan+)un+an
hi'u! or+ani)me !erairan, )alah )aun7a
31
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
a'alah +on'an+, 1arena 'a!a
men7e(a(1an +an++uan mea(oli)me
'an re)!ira)i% *eru(ahan 'era6a
1ea)aman 1e arah (a)a !a'a !erairan
a1an men+a1i(a1an 1elaruan
1romium )ema1in 1e&il 'alam
!erairan, 'an )e(ali1n7a !eru(ahan
'era6a 1ea)aman 1earah a)am a1an
men7e(a(1an 1elaruan 1romium
)ema1in (e)ar =*alar, 199?>%
Nilai 1e&erahan )uau
!erairan (erhu(un+an era 'en+an
!enera)i &aha7a maahari 1e 'alam
(a'an air% Caha7a maahari a1an
mem(anu !ro)e) er6a'in7a
$oo)ine)i) 7an+ a1an men+ha)il1an
o1)i+en erlaru 7an+ meru!a1an
$a1or !enin+ 'alam 1ehi'u!an
!erairan% Nilai 1e&erahan 'i !erairan
Sun+ai :iam 3anan (er'a)ar1an
!en+u1uran 'en+an lem!en+ secchi
(er1i)ar anara ?3-C2,4 &m% Nilai
1e&erahan anar )a)iun !eneliian
mem!un7ai /aria)i 7an+ relai$ 1e&il
'an ham!ir men7e(ar meraa !a'a
)eia! )a)iun% A'an7a !er(e'aan
nilai 1e&erahan ini 'i'u+a 1arena
!en+aruh 'ari air 'ari 'aerah aliran
)un+ai 7an+ mem(a;a !ari1el-
!ari1el (ahan or+ani1 1e !erairan
Sun+ai :iam 3anan% Nilai 1e&erahan
ini (er(an'in+ er(ali1 'en+an TSS%
*a'aan er)u)!en)i oal =Total
Sus%ended Solid aau TSS> a'alah
(ahan-(ahan 7an+ er)u)!en)i
='iameer H 1 Im> 7an+ er'iri aa)
lum!ur 'an !a)ir halu) )era 6a)a'-
6a)a' reni1, 7an+ eruama 'i)e(a(1an
oleh 1i1i)an anah 7an+ er(a;a 1e
(a'an air =Hanum, 2002>% Ha)il
!en+u1uran TSS 'i Sun+ai :iam
3anan (er1i)ar anara 10,4?-14,C5
m+#0% Nilai TSS ini ma)ih (era'a 'i
(a;ah (aa) (a1u muu 1ela) I 7an+
'ienu1an *%* :e!u(li1 In'one)ia No"
52 ahun 2001, 7a1ni 40 m+#0% Nilai
TSS ini menun6u11an a'an7a !a'aan
7an+ er)u)!en)i 'i)uau !erairan%
*a'aan er)u)!en)i 'a!a (eru!a
mineral aau (ahan or+ani1 7an+
(era)al 'ari ero)i anah, in'u)ri,
!em(uan+an 1ooran 'an )am!ah 7an+
'a!a 'iemu1an 'i air !ermu1aan%
3a'ar TSS 'i !erairan ini 6umlahn7a
)e'i1i =ma)ih (era'a 'i (a;ah (aa)
(a1u muu>, a1an ea!i 6i1a (erle(ihan
menin+1a1an nilai 1e1eruhan%
*enin+1aan 1e1eruhan ini a1an
men+ham(a !enera)i &aha7a maahari
1e !erairan 'an (er!en+aruh erha'a!
!ro)e) $oo)ine)i) 7an+ 'ila1u1an oleh
or+ani)me 'i !erairan =*rai;i, 200?>%
3
2
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
(andun"an !rmium $ada air,
sedimen dan "ndan"
Ber'a)ar1an ha)il !eneliian
1an'un+an 1romium !a'a !erairan
Sun+ai :iam 3anan han7a !a'a
)a)iun 2 7an+ er'ee1)i, 7a1ni
(er1i)ar anara 0,0152-0,0416 !!m%
Hal ini 1arena !a'a )a)iun 2 er'a!a
)um(er uama !en&emar !a'a
!erairan :iam 3anan, 7a1ni (uan+an
lim(ah am(an+ (au +unun+%
3romium meru!a1an )alah )au 'ari
lo+am (era 7an+ 'a!a ere1)!o) 1e
!ermu1a
an
an
ah
1aren
a
1e+ia
an
!eram(an+an%
0im(a
h 'ari
!eram(an+an 7an+ a'a !a'a
!ermu1a
an
an
ah
er)e(
u a1an
e(a;a 1e
Sun+ai
:iam 3anan
a1i(a
ero)i =Sai'7 J Ba'ruB)au$ari, 2009>%
3a'ar 1romium 7an+ erlaru
'alam !erairan Sun+ai :iam 3anan
ma)ih )an+a 1e&il, namun hal ini !erlu
'i!erhai1an 1arena 1a'ar 1romium
'a!a era1umula)i !a'a )e'imen%
Aalam !eneliian ini 'i1eahui (ah;a
er'a!a 1an'un+an 1romium 7an+
in++i 'en+an raa-raa )e(e)ar 13,5C39
!!m !a'a )e'imen 'i !erairan Sun+ai
:iam 3anan%
Ber'a)ar1an 1rieria 1ualia)
air minum, 1a'ar ma1)imum 'ari
1romium !a'a !erairan +olon+an
1ela) I, II 'an III nilain7a a'aIah
0,040 !!m =*%*% :%I% No" 52 ahun
2001>% Aa) 'a)ar 1rieria er)e(u
ma1a unu1 1an'un+an 1romium
!a'a !erairan Sun+ai :iam 3anan
ma)ih (era'a !a'a 1i)aran )an'ar
(a1u muu% Hal er)e(u 'i'u+a
1arena lo+am 1romium 7an+ )uli
laru 'alam !erairan% Selain hal
er)e(u 6u+a 'i!en+aruhi oleh $a1or
$i)i1 1imia )e!eri anara lain
em!eraur, !H 'an TSS%
3e(era'aan !H (a)a a1an
menurun1an 1elaruan Cr 'alam air,
1arena !H (a)a men+u(ah 1e)a(ilan
'ari (enu1 1ar(ona men6a'i
hi'ro1)i'a 7an+ mem(enu1 i1aan
'en+an !ari1el !a'a (a'an air,
)ehin++a a1an men+en'a!
mem(enu1 lum!ur =*alar, 200?>%
Selain iu, 1enai1an )uhu !erairan
'an !enurunan !H a1an men+uran+i
a')or!)i )en7a;a lo+am (era !a'a
!ari1ula% Suhu !erairan 7an+ le(ih
'in+in a1an menin+1a1an a')or!)i
Cr 1e !ari1ula unu1 men+en'a! 'i
'a)ar !erairan%%
3an'un+an 1romium !a'a
)e'imen 'i )a)iun 1 (er1i)ar anara
0,19C5-2,1461 !!m, )a)iun 2 (er1i)ar
anara 12,5439-13,5C39 !!m, )a)iun 3
(er1i)ar anara 1,9359-
33
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
2,0022 !!m 'an !a'a )a)iun ?
(er1i)ar anara 0,3?20-2,393? !!m%
3an'un+an 1romium !a'a )e'imen
(elum 'iea!1an (a1u muun7a%
3an'un+an 1romium in++i ini
'i)e(a(1an a1umula)i 1romium
'alam 6an+1a ;a1u 7an+ lama 'an
eru) meneru) !a'a )e'imen 7an+
mem!un7ai )i$a relai$ menea!,
i'a1 (er+era1 !a'a 'aerah lo1a)i
!eneliian%
Fam(ar 1% Fra$i1 1i)aran 1an'un+an Cr
'alam )e'imen !a'a ia! ii1
3an'un+an 1romium !a'a
!en+am(ilan )am!el
*en7e(aran 1romium !a'a air
'an )e'imen 7an+ men7e(a(1an
(an7a1an7a 1romium erlaru 'i
!eraiaran% *en+uran+an 1romium
he1)a/alen er6a'i !a'a &e1un+an
ano1)i1 'an o1)i+en, 'imana
!ele!a)an Cr a1an menin+1a1an
1an'un+an Cr =III> !a'a )e'imen
1arena era()or()i% *er!in'ahan Cr
=III> 'ari )e'imen 6u+a 'a!a er6a'i
oleh o1)i'a)in7a% Tin++in7a in+1a
(ahan or+ani1 men&i!a1an re'u1i$
'an !en+om!le1), re'u1)i Cr =VI>
men6a'i Cr =III>, 7an+ 1emu'ian
'en+an &e!a era')or()i 1e )e'imen%
3romium 7an+ er1an'un+ 'alam
)e'imen 'a!a remo&ili'ed 1e 'alam
air !ori-!ori )e1iarn7a melalui
o1)i'a)i Cr =III> =Bieli&1a dkk, 2004>%
3an'un+an 1romium !a'a
+on'an+ =Pila scutata> !a'a )a)iun 1
(er1i)ar anara 0,0233-0,C?04 !!m,
)a)iun 2 (er1i)ar anara 1,2909-
1,22C9 !!m, !a'a )a)iun 3 (er1i)ar
anara 0,0106-0,6004 !!m 'an !a'a
)a)iun ? (er1i)ar anara 0,23C2-
0,C253%
Fam(ar 2% Fra$i1 1i)aran 1an'un+an Cr
'alam )i!u +on'an+ !a'a ia!
Fon'an+ii1!en+am(ilan'i6a'i1an)am!el
)e(a+ai (ioin'i1aor !a'a !eneliian ini a'alah
1arena hi'u! +on'an+ 7an+ menea! =inmo&il>,
'ominan)i 7an+ in++i 'i 'erairan Sun+ai :iam
3anan, )elalu 1ona1 'en+an lim(ah !en&emar
'an ahan erha'a! !en&emaran er)e(u%
Tin++in7a 1an'un+an 1romium !a'a +on'an+
=Pila scutata> 'i)e(a(1an )i$a +on'an+ 7an+
hi'u!n7a relai$
3?
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
menea! 'i 'a)ar !erairan 'an
meru!a1an he;an de%osit (eeder%
*eneliian lain 7an+ !ernah 'ila1u1an
!a'a )e6eni) 1eran+ 'arah 7an+
(era)al 'ari !erairan elu1 'i Ne;
2or1, 'iemu1an oal 1romium
'alam u(uh 1eran+ er)e(u 21?
!!m =*alar,199?>% Ji1a 1romium
ma)u1 1e 'alam u(uh manu)ia
mele(ihi (aa) am(an+ 7an+
'ienu1an a1an men+a1i(a1an
1era&unan a1u aau 1roni)% Ha)il
!eneliian *alar =199?>, menun6u11an
(ah;a a'an7a a1umula)i 1romium
'a!a men7e(a(1an 1eru)a1an
erha'a! or+an re)!ira)i, 'an 'a!a
men7e(a(1an im(uln7a 1an1er !a'a
manu)ia% *er&o(aan men++una1an
marmu =Cavia co&a$a> 7an+ 'i(eri
!erla1uan 'o)i) 1romium 0,04-0,23
!!m )elama ?4 hari men'oron+
er6a'in7a 1an1er !a'a !aru-!aru
=*alar,199?>%
Ber'a)ar1an ha)il u6i 7an+
'a!a 'iliha !a'a Ta(el 2, 3 'an ?,
1a'ar Cr !a'a )i!u +on'an+ le(ih
in++i 'i(an'in+1an 'alam air 'an
le(ih ren'ah 'i(an'in+1an !a'a
)e'imen% -i)aln7a )a6a !a'a )a)iun 2,
1on)enra)i Cr !a'a air (er1i)ar anara
0,0152-0,0416 !!m% 3on)enra)i Cr
!a'a )e'imen (er1i)ar
anara 12,5439-13,5C39 !!m%
Se'an+1an 1on)enra)i Cr !a'a
+on'an+ (er1i)ar anara 1,2909-
1,22C9 !!m%
-enuru ,a&hru''in dkk%,
=1955> 1an'un+an 1romium !a'a
)e'imen 'i)e(a(1an )i$a 'a)ar
!erairan (eru!a !a)ir (erlum!ur 7an+
'a!a mem!er&e!a era1umula)in7a
lo+am (era% Se'imen er'iri 'ari
(ahan or+ani1 'an (ahan anor+ani1
7an+ (er!en+aruh ne+ai$ erha'a!
1ualia) air% Bahan or+ani1 (era)al 'ari
(ioa aau um(uhan 7an+ mem(u)u1
lalu en++elam 1e 'a)ar 'an (er&am!ur
'en+an lum!ur% Bahan anor+ani1
umumn7a (era)al 'ari !ela!u1an
(auan% Se'imen ha)il !ela!u1an
(auan er(a+i aa) 1eri1il, !a)ir,
lum!ur 'an lia% Bahan !ari1el 7an+
i'a1 erlaru )e!eri !a)ir, lum!ur,
anah 'an (ahan 1imia anor+ani1 'an
or+ani1 men6a'i (ahan 7an+
er)u)!en)i 'i 'alam air, )ehin++a
(ahan er)e(u men6a'i !en7e(a(
!en&emaran erin++i 'alam air%
3e(era'aan )e'imen !a'a (a'an air
men+a1i(a1an !enin+1aan 1e1eruhan
!erairan 7an+ )elan6un7a men+ham(a
!enera)i &aha7a 7an+ 'a!a
men+ham(a 'a7a liha =visi&ilitas>
or+ani)me air, )ehin++a
3
4
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
men+uran+i 1emam!uan i1an 'an
or+ani)me air lainn7a unu1
mem!eroleh ma1anan, !a1an i1an
men6a'i eruu! oleh lum!ur%
Si!u +on'an+ )an+a
'i!en+aruhi 1e(era'aan lo+am (era 'i
'alam air, eruama 6i1a 1on)enra)i
lo+am er)e(u elah mele(ihi (aa)
normal% Fon'an+ men+am(il lo+am
(era 'ari (a'an air aau )e'imen 'an
meme1a1ann7a 1e 'alam u(uh
hin++a 100-1000 1ali le(ih (e)ar 'ari
lin+1un+an% A1umula)i melalui !ro)e)
ini 'i)e(u (ioa1umula)i% 3emam!uan
or+ani)me air 'alam men7era!
=a()or!)i> 'an men+a1umula)i lo+am
(era 'a!a melalui (e(era!a &ara,
7aiu melalui )aluran !en&ernaan 'an
'i$u)i !ermu1aan 1uli =Aarmono,
2001>%
Se(a+ian (e)ar lo+am Cr
ma)u1 1e 'alam u(uh or+ani)me air
=+on'an+> melalui ranai ma1anan
'an han7a )e'i1i 7an+ 'iam(il 'ari
air% A1umula)i 'alam u(uh
or+ani)me air 'i!en+aruhi oleh
1on)enra)i (ahan !en&emar 'alam
air, 1emam!uan a1umula)i, )i$a
or+ani)me =6eni), umur 'an u1uran>
'an laman7a !erna!a)an% 3on)enra)i
Cr !a'a +on'an+ le(ih in++i
'i(an'in+ 1on)enra)i Cr 'i !erairan%
To1)i)ia) un)ur Cr erha'a!
Fon'an+ er+anun+ !a'a (enu1
1romium, (ilan+an o1)i'a)in7a, 'an
!H =Hua+alun+, 1991>% 3a'ar
1romium !a'a !erairan a;ar
(ia)an7a 1uran+ 'ari 0,001 m+#l 'an
!a'a !erairan lau )e1iar 0,00004
m+#l% 3a'ar 1romium 7an+
'i!er1ira1an aman (a+i 1ehi'u!an
!erairan a'alah )e1iar 0,04 m+#l
=-oore, 1991 'alam E$$en'i, 2003>%
3a'ar 1romium 0,1 m+#l 'ian++a!
(er(aha7a (a+i 1ehi'u!an or+ani)me
!erairan =E$$en'i, 2003>% 3a'ar
ma1)imum 1romium unu1 1e!erluan
air (a1u air minum 'an 1e+iaan
!eri1anan menuru *erauran
*emerinah No% 52 ahun 2001 a'alah
)e(e)ar 0,04 m+#l%
3a'ar 1romium erin++i 'ari
? )a)iun 'alam !eneliian ini a'alah
!a'a )a)iun 2, 7a1ni !a'a (uan+an
lim(ah am(an+ (au +unun+%
3an'un+an 1romium !a'a air,
)e'imen 'an +on'an+ 'i!er1ira1an
(era)al 'ari lim(ah rumah an++a 'an
(uan+an lim(ah !eram(an+an (au
+unun+ 7an+ lan+)un+ 'ialir1an 1e
(a'an Sun+ai :iam 3anan%
*em(uan+an lim(ah mau!un (ahan
!en&emar lain a1an mem!en+aruhi
1ehi'u!an 'alam air% Suau (ahan
3
6
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
!en&emar 'alam )uau e1o)i)em
mun+1in &u1u! (an7a1 )ehin++a
a1an mera&uni or+ani)me (era'a
'i)ana% Bahan !en&emar eruama
'ari lo+am 7an+ (an7a1 men&emari
air )alah )aun7a a'alah 1romium
=Cr>% 0o+am ini 'i1eahui 'a!a
men+um!ul 'i 'alam u(uh )uau
or+ani)me 'an ea! in++al 'alam
u(uh 'alam 6an+1a ;a1u 7an+ lama
)e(a+ai ra&un 7an+ era1umula)i
=3ri)ano, 2002>%
*a'a )a)iun 2, lo+am (era
7an+ er'a!a !a'a !ari1el halu)
=sus%ended solid> 7an+ )emula laru
'alam aliaran ana1 )un+ai 'i(a;a 1e
Sun+ai :iam 3anan% *a'a )a)iun 2 ini
!ari1el halu) er)e(u 'ien'a!1an% Hal
inilah 7an+ men7e(a(1an 1a'ar lo+am
(era 'alam )e'imen 'i )a)iun 2 le(ih
in++i 'ari!a'a )e'imen 'i )a)iun
7an+ lain% *ro)e) !en+en'a!an
)e'imen 'i!en+aruhi 1e(era'aan ion
H
G
!a'a !ermu1aan )e'imen 7an+
a1an men7e(a(1an )e'imen men6a'i
a1i$ 1arena mem!un7ai )iu) H
G
a1i$%
Ion H
G
inilah 7an+ nanin7a a1an
(er$un+)i men6a'i !enu1ar ion (ila
!ro)e) a')o!r)i (er(a)i) !a'a
!eru1aran ion% Bila !ro)e) a')or!)i
meru!a1an !en6e(a1an 'alam !ori,
ma1a ion H
G
a1an er'e)a1 1eluar%
*ro)e) a')or!)i lo+am =1aion> !a'a
)e'imen umumn7a meru!a1an rea1)i
!eru1aran ion%
Hu#un"an antara $arameter %isi!a
dan !imia den"an !andun"an )r
$ada air, sedimen dan "ndan"
Se)uai 'aa 'ari Ba'an
-eeorolo+i, 3limaolo+i 'an
Feo$i)i1a Sa)iun -eeorolo+i
Ban6arma)in =Ban'ar .'ara
S7am)u'in Noor Ban6ar(aru>, &urah
hu6an !a'a (ulan Juli nilai raa-raa
)e(e)ar C5,C mm, !a'a (ulan A+u)u)
)e(e)ar ?6,? mm 'an (ulan
Se!em(er 55,1 mm% *en+am(ilan
)am!el air, )e'imen 'an +on'an+ 'i
!erairan Sun+ai :iam 3anan 7aiu
!a'a (ulan Juli-A+u)u)% Curah hu6an
!a'a (ulan ini &u1u! ren'ah,
)ehin++a er6a'i !en'an+1alan !a'a
ana1 Sun+ai :iam 3anan% Curah
hu6an !a'a (ulan ini &u1u! ren'ah,
)ehin++a er6a'i !en'an+1alan !a'a
ana1 Sun+ai :iam 3anan% Curah
hu6an ini a1an mem!en+aruhi
!en+en&eran 'i )uau !erairan%
3
C
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
Ta(el 4% Hu(un+an !arameer $i)i1a 'an 1imia erha'a! 1an'un+an lo+am
(era Cr !a'a +on'an+
Cr !a'a Air
Cr !a'a
Se'imen Cr !a'a Fon'an+
Cr !a'a Air 1
Cr !a'a
Se'imen 0%555KK 1
Cr !a'a
Fon'an+ 0,65? 0,C91K 1
3eeran+an K L (er1orela)i n7aa =*0,05)
KK L (er1orela)i )an+a n7aa
*0,01)
3an'un+an Cr !a'a air (er1orela)i
)an+a n7aa 'an !o)ii$ erha'a! 1an'un+an
Cr !a'a )e'imen% Ji1a 1an'un+an !a'a air
menin+1a, ma1a 1an'un+an Cr !a'a
)e'imen 6u+a menin+1a% -enin+1an7a
1an'un+an Cr !a'a )e'imen 1arena lo+am
Cr !a'a !erairan eren'a! 'an
er)e'imena)i !a'a )e'imen% 3an'un+an Cr
!a'a )e'imen 6u+a (er1orela)i n7aa 'an
!o)ii$ erha'a! 1an'un+an Cr !a'a
+on'an+% Ji1a 1an'un+an !a'a )e'imen
menin+1a, ma1a 1an'un+an Cr !a'a
+on'an+ 6u+a menin+1a% ,a1or
(io1on)enra)i aau (ioa1umula)i 'a!a
'i+una1an unu1 men+eahui 1emam!uan
ma1hlu1 hi'u! 'alam men7era! 'an
men7im!an )uau (ahan !en&emar% -a1in
(e)ar $a1or (io1on)enra)i, ma1in mu'ah
lo+am 'i)era! 'an 'ia1umula)i oleh
6arin+an ma1hlu1 hi'u! 'ari ha(ian7a%
,a1or er)e(u 'i+una1an unu1 men+eahui
1emam!uan ma1hlu1 hi'u! men+a1umula)i
)e6umlah (ahan
!en&emar%
,a1
or
mem!en+aru
hi
(e)ar 1e&iln7a
$a1or (io1on)enra)i
a'alah 6eni)
)!e)ie)
or+ani)me, )era
6eni) 'an
(e)arn7a 1a'ar
(ahan !en&emar%
Suau or+ani)me
memili1i
1emam!uan
meme1a1an
lo+am 'alam
u(uhn7a,
)ehin++a
(er!oen)i
)e(a+ai
(ioin'i1aor
1e(era'aan
lo+am 'i )uau
lin+1un+an%
PE
NU
TU
P
(esim$ulan
3e)im!ul
an 7an+ 'a!a
'iam(il 'alam
!eneliian ini
a'alah )e(a+ai
(eri1u"
1% 3an'un+an
Cr !a'a air
han7a
er'a!a !a'a
)a)iun 2,
7aiu (er1i)ar
anara
0,0152-
0,0416 !!m,
1an'un+an Cr
!a'a )e'imen
(er1i)ar
anara
0,19C5-
13,5C39 !!m
'an !a'a
+on'an+
=Pila scutata>
'i !erairan
Sun+ai :iam
3anan
er!a!ar 1romium =Cr> 'en+an 1i)aran
anara 0,0106-1,29C9 !!m%
35
BIOSCIENTIE. !"#!
2% Hu(un+an 1orela)i re+re)i
anaara +on'an+ 'an air memili1i
arah 7an+ ne+ai$ 'an 1orela)i
anara +on'an+ 'en+an )e'imen
a'alah (erarah !o)ii$%
DAFTAR PUSTA(A
Bieli&1a, A%, Bo6ano;)1a, I%, J
Winiewski, A. 2005. )ournal%
T;o ,a&e) o$ Chromium -
*olluan an' Bioelemen% Vol%
1?, No% 1 =2004>,
Aahuri, :%, J% :ai), S%*% Finin+ J
-%J% Sie!u% 1996% Pengelolaan
Sum&erda$a *ila$ah Pesisir
dan +autan Secara Ter%adu.
*ra'n7a *aramia% Ja1ara% 304
hal%
Aarmono% 2001% +ingkungan ,idu%
dan Pencemaran- ,u&ungann$a
dengan Toksikologi Sen$a.a
+ogam% *ener(i .ni/e)ia)
In'one)ia% Ja1ara%
Aaro6ah, 2% 2004% Keanekaragaman
)enis /akro'oo&entos di
ekosistem Perairan
Ra.a%ening Ka&u%aten
Semarang% S1ri!)i% Semaran+"
.ni/er)ia) Ne+eri Semaran+%
E$$en'i, H% 2003% Telaah Kualitas ir
Bagi Pengelolaan Sum&er 0a$a
dan +ingkungan Perairan%
3ani)iu)% 2o+7a1ara%
Hanum, ,% 2002%Proses Pengolahan
ir Sungai untuk Ke%erluan ir
/inum. ,a1ula) Te1ni1
*ro+ram Su'i Te1ni1 3imia
.ni/er)ia) Sumaera .ara%
Sumaera .ara%%
*%*% :e!u(li1 In'one)ia No" 52 ahun
2001% *erauran *emerinah :%I
No" 52 ahun 2001 enan+
!en+elolaan 1ualia) air 'an
!en+en'alian !en&emaran air%
Ae!ui Se1rearia i'an+
Hu1um 'an *erun'an+-
un'an+an :e!u(li1 In'one)ia%
Ja1ara% ?4 hlm%
:oo, I% Tahir 'an .%N% Sholi1hah%
2009% %llkasi Pengolahan
Polutan nion Khrom12i3
dengan /enggunakan gen
Penukar Ion ,$drotalcite 4n5i5
S"6% .ni/er)ia) Fa'6ah -a'a,
Se1i! .ara, 2o+7a1ara%
Sai'7, A%, :% 'an Ba'ruB)au$ari%
2009% Hu(un+an anara
3on)enra)i Cr=VI> 'an Si$a
3imia Tanah"In$orma)i A;al
unu1 :eme'ia)i 0ahan Be1a)
Tam(an+'i 3alimanan
Selaan% ). Tanah Tro%%, Vol%
1?, No% 2, 2009" 9C-103% ISSN
0542-24CM%
Su!ra!i, N% H% 2005% 3an'un+an
Chromium !a'a *erairan ,
Se'imen 'an 3eran+ Aarah
=Ana'ara +rano)a> 'i @ila7ah
*anai Se1iar -uara Sun+ai
Sa7un+, Ae)a -oro)ari
3a(u!aen Aema1, Ja;a
Ten+ah% )urnal Kimia dan
%likasi% Vol 10% No% 1?10-
5501
3