Transformasi Z

Di mana |z| adalah sedemikian sehingga deret

0
oo
x[n]z
-n
konvergens
Pernyataan Transformasi Z

= =
0
] [ ]) [ ( ) (
n
n
z n x n x Z z X
Transformasi Z (satu sisi) didefinisikan sbb

| | | | ] [ ]) [ (
]) [ ( ] [
1
n x Z n x Z Z
n x Z n x

Sebelah kanan disebut Transformasi Z

Sebelah kiri disebut Transformasi Z invers
Transformasi Z
Deret Taylor
Jika f(z) analitik di dalam kurva tertutup C dan a adalah
titik di dalam C
( )

=
=
+ + + =
0
) (
2
!
) (
) (
...
! 2
) ( ' '
) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ) (
n
n
n
n
a f
a z z f
a f
a z a f a z a f z f
Deret Mac Laurin
Jika a adalah titik nol

=
=
0
) (
!
) 0 (
) (
n
n
n
n
f
z z f
Transformasi Z
Beberapa deret terkenal
<
+
= + =
< = + =
< = + + + + =
< = + + + + =

< = + + =
+

=
+

=
x
n
x
x x x x Sin
x
n
x
x x x Cos
x x x x x x e
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
x
n
n
n
n
0
1 2
5
! 5
1
3
! 3
1
0
2
4
! 4
1
2
2
1
0
!
1
4
! 4
1
3
! 3
1
2
2
1
0
4 3 2
0
4 3 2
)! 1 2 (
) 1 ( ...
)! 2 (
) 1 ( ... 1
, ... 1
1 , ... 1
1
1
1 , ) ( ... 1
1
1
Transformasi Z
Contoh
x[n]=1.u[n]
1
1
) (
1
1
1
) (
... 1 . 1 ) (
1
1
2 1
0
>

=
<

=
+ + + = =

z
z
z
z X
atau z
z
z X
z z z z X
n
n
5 . 0
5 . 0
) (
1 5 . 0
5 . 0 1
1
) (
... 25 . 0 5 . 0 1 5 . 0 ) (
1
1
2 1
0
>

=
<

=
+ + + = =

z
z
z
z X
atau z
z
z X
z z z z X
n
n n
Contoh
x[n]=0.5
n

Transformasi Z
Diferensial deret:
( )
2
0
2
3 2
1
0
1
2
2
1
0
) 1 ( ] [ ) 1 (
) (
2
) (
] [
) (
) 1 ( ) ( 1

= =

=
= =

= =

n
n
n n
n
n
n n
n
n n
a n n n x z a n n
a z
z
a z
z
da
d
na n x z na
a z
z
a z
z
da
d
a z z a z z
dz
d
a z
z
da
d
z a
a z
z
Transformasi Z
Cari Transformasi Z dari: x[n] = n
2

=

=

0
3
0
2
3
) 1 (
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
) (
2
n
n
n
n n
z n n
z
z
z a n n
a z
z
n n n n
n n n n
+ =
=
) 1 (
) 1 (
2
2
| |
3
2
2 3
2
2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
2
] [
] [ )] 1 ( [

+
=

=
+ =
z
z z
z
z
z
z
n Z
n Z n n Z n Z
Transformasi Z
Untuk setiap p integer (1 <= p < n)
p
p n
p
a z
z p
a n
) (
)! 1 (
) (
) 1 (
1

Transformasi Z
a z
a z
z
a n n n
a z
a z
z
a n n
a z
a z
z
na
z
z
z
z semua n
a z
a z
z
a
n
n
n
n
>

>

>

>

>

4
3
3
2
2
1
) (
6
) 2 )( 1 (
) (
2
) 1 (
) (
1
1
1
1 ) ( o
Transformasi Z
) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 1 (
....
) (
)! 1 (
1
) 1 (
....
1
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
1
4
3
3
2
2
w z w z
w Sin z
nw Sin
w z w z
w Cos z z
nw Cos
e
a z
a z
z p
a n
z
z
n
z
z
z z
n
jnw
p
p n
p
Z Z

Z Z

>

>

>

Sifat Transformasi Z
( )
) ( ) ( ] [ ] [ ] [
] [ ] [ * ] [ ] [
] [ ) ( ] [ ] [
) ( ] [ ] [
] [
0
1
z Y z X n u k n y k x
n u n y n u n x
p x z z X z n u k n x
z X z k n u k n x
X n x a
n
k
p
p k k
k
a
z
n

=
+

=
+

Transformasi Z
) 6 . 0 2 )( 2 (
) 2 ( 8 . 1
) (
2
3 ) ( 6 . 0 ) (
3 ] 1 [
2 ] 1 [ 6 . 0 ] [
2
1
+

=

= + +
=
= +

z
z z z
z Y
z
z
z Y z z Y
y
n y n y
n
Contoh
Transformasi Z
Contoh
] 5 [ ) 2 (
2 ) 2 (
1
] 1 [
1 1
1
] [
1
5 5
4
1

+
=
+

n u
z
z
z
z z
n u
z
z
z
z
n u
z
z
n
| |
) ( ) (
] [ ] [
, ] [ ] [
] [ ] [
] [ ] [
] [ * ] [
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
z Y z X
z p y z k x
k n p z p y k x
z k n y k x
z k n y k x
n y n x Z
p
n k
k
k
k p
n
k
n
n
n
n k
=
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= |
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=

=




Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( 33 . 3 ] [ ) 6 . 0 (
6 . 0
2
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( ) 6 . 0 ( 2 ] [ ) 6 . 0 (
6 . 0
2
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( 2 ] [ ) 6 . 0 (
6 . 0
2
6 . 0
2
6 . 0 6 . 0
2
6 . 0
2
) (
1
1

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
+
=

n u n u
z
z
n u n u
z
z
n u n u
z
z
z z
z
z
z
Jawab
z
z
z X
n n
n n
n n
( )
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( 33 . 2 ] [
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( 33 . 2
] 1 [ ] [ ) 6 . 0 (
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( 33 . 2
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( 1 ] [ ) 6 . 0 (
] 1 [ ) 6 . 0 ( 33 . 3 ] [ ) 6 . 0 (
=

=

=

n u n
n u
n u n u
n u
n u n u
n u n u
n
n
n
n
n n
n n
o
Transformasi Z
X(z) berbentuk
0
1
1
1
1
1
..
..
) (
) (
) (
a z a z a
z b z b z b
z D
z N
z X
n
n
n
n
m
m
m
m
+ + +
+ + +
= =

Jika m=n, maka X(z) dibawa ke bentuk

...
) ( ) (
) (
...
) ( ) (
) (
..
.. ) (
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
+

=
+

=
+ + +
+ + +
=

a z
z A
a z
z A
z X
a z
A
a z
A
z
z X
a z a z a
b z b z b
z
z X
n
n
n
n
m
m
m
m
Transformasi Z
Penyelesaian menjadi
) 2 )..( 2 )( 1 ( ) (
] [ ) (
!
) (
) (
] [ ) (
) (
] [ ) (
) (
1
1
2
+ =

p n n n n n
n u a
p
n
A
a z
z A
n u a n A
a z
z A
n u a A
a z
z A
p
p n
k
p
k
p
k
k
n
k k
k
k
n
k k
k
k
Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari
] [ 33 . 3 ] [ ) 5 . 0 ( 33 . 2 ] [
1
33 . 3
5 . 0
33 . 2
) 1 )( 5 . 0 (
4
1
33 . 3
5 . 0
33 . 2
) 1 )( 5 . 0 (
4
1 5 . 0
) (
1 5 . 0 ) 1 )( 5 . 0 (
4
) 1 )( 5 . 0 (
4
) (
2
2 1
2 1
2
2
n u n u n x
z
z
z
z
z z
z z
z z z z
z
z
A
z
A
z
z X
z
z A
z
z A
z z
z z
Jawab
z z
z z
z X
n
+ =

+
+

=
+
+

+
+

=
+
+

+
+
=

+
+
=
+
+
+
+
=
Transformasi Z
Jika m<n, maka X(z) dibawa ke bentuk
...
) ( ) (
) (
2
2
1
1
+

=
a z
A
a z
A
z X
] 1 [ ) (
)! 1 (
) (
) (
] 1 [ ) )( 1 (
) (
] 1 [ ) (
) (
] 1 [ ) (
) (
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1

n u a
p
n
A
a z
A
n u a n A
a z
A
n u a A
a z
A
n u a A
a z
A
p n
k
p
kp
p
k
kp
n
k k
k
k
n
k k
k
k
n
k k
k
k
Penyelesaian
Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari
83 . 0
5 . 1
25 . 1
) 1 (
2
44 . 1
) 1 (
2
44 . 0
25 . 2
1
) 5 . 0 (
2
) 5 . 0 ( 5 . 0 1 ) 5 . 0 )( 1 (
2
) 5 . 0 )( 1 (
2
) (
5 . 0
2
22
5 . 0
2
21
1
2
2
1
2
22 21 1
2
2
2
2
= =
+
+
=
=
+
+
=
=

+
=

+
+
=
+
+
+
+
=
=
=
=
s
s
s
z
z z
A
z
z z
dz
d
A
z
z z
A
z
A
z
A
z
A
z z
z z
Jawab
z z
z z
z X
] 1 [ ) 5 . 0 )( 1 ( 83 . 0
] 1 [ ) 5 . 0 ( 44 . 1
] 1 [ ) 1 ( 44 . 0 ] [
) 5 . 0 (
83 . 0
5 . 0
44 . 1
1
44 . 0
) (
2
1
1
2
+
+
=

+

+
+

n u n
n u
n u n x
z z z
z X
n
n
n
Transformasi Z
Carilah persamaan y[n], jika diketahui
y[n]-y[n-1]+0.25y[n-2] = 2
n
, dan y [-1] = 2, y[-2] = 1
( ) ( )
2
1 2 ) ( 25 . 0 2 ) ( ) (
2
2
] 2 [ ] 1 [ ) ( ] 2 [
] 1 [ ) ( ] 1 [
) ( ] [
1 2 1
1 2
1

= + + + +

+ +
+

z
z
z z Y z z Y z z Y
sehingga
z
z
y y z z Y z n y
y z Y z n y
z Y n y
n
Transformasi Z
( )
( )
( )
( )
] 1 [ ) 5 . 0 ( 21 . 0 ] [ ) 5 . 0 ( 98 . 0 ] [ ) 2 ( 78 . 1 ] [
) 5 . 0 (
21 . 0
) 5 . 0 (
98 . 0
) 2 (
78 . 1 ) (
) 5 . 0 ( ) 5 . 0 ( ) 2 (
) (
25 . 0 ) 2 (
) 2 )( 5 . 0 75 . 1 ( ) (
2
) 2 ( 5 . 0 ) 2 ( 75 . 1
) ( 25 . 0
2
) 2 ( 5 . 0 ) 2 ( 75 . 1
) ( 25 . 0 1
25 . 0 5 . 0 2
2
) ( 25 . 0 1
1
2
2
22 21 1
2
2
1
2 2
1
2 1
1 2 1
+ + =

+

=
+
+
=

+
= +

+
= +
+

= +

n u n u n u n y
z z z z
z Y
z
A
z
A
z
A
z
z Y
z z z
z z z
z
z Y
z
z z z z
z Y z z z
z
z z z z
z Y z z
z
z
z
z Y z z
n n n
Transformasi Z
Diketahui
y[n] 0.5 y[n-1] = x[n]
a. Cari Fungsi Sistem H(z)
b. Cari Tanggapan pulse h[n]
c. Cari zero state response jika x[n] = u[n]
d. Cari tanggapan lengkap jika x[n] = u[n] dan y[-1]=2
Transformasi Z
a. Fungsi Sistem H(z)
( )
5 . 0 5 . 0 1
1
) (
) (
) (
) ( ) ( 5 . 0 1
) ( ) ( 5 . 0 ) (
] [ ] 1 [ 5 . 0 ] [
1
1
1

= =
=
=
=

z
z
z z X
z Y
z H
z X z Y z
z X z Y z z Y
n x n y n y
b. Tanggapan pulsa h[n]
( )
] [ 5 . 0 ] [
5 . 0
) ( ] [
1 1
n u n h
z
z
Z z H Z n h
n
=
|
.
|

\
|

= =

Transformasi Z
c. Zero state response
( )
( )
( ) ] [ 5 . 0 2 ] [
5 . 0
1
1
2
) (
5 . 0
1
1
2
) 5 . 0 )( 1 (
) (
) 5 . 0 ( ) 1 (
) (
1
) ( 5 . 0 1
) ( ) ( 5 . 0 1
1
1
n u n y
z
z
z
z
z Y
z z z z
z
z
z Y
z
z
z
z
z Y
z
z
z Y z
z X z Y z
n
=

=

=

=

=
=

Transformasi Z
d. x[n] = u[n] dan y[-1] = 2
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
5 . 0 1 ) 1 (
1 2
) (
1
1 2
) ( 5 . 0 1
1
1
) ( 5 . 0 1
1
2 5 . 0 ) ( 5 . 0 1
1
] 1 [ ) ( 5 . 0 ) (
] [ ] 1 [ 5 . 0 ] [

=
+

=

=

= +
=
z z
z
z Y
z
z
z Y z
z
z
z Y z
z
z
z Y z
z
z
y z Y z z Y
n u n y n y
( )
( )
] [ 2 ] [
) 1 (
2
) (
0
1
1 2
2
5 . 0
1 2
) 5 . 0 ( ) 1 ( 5 . 0 ) 1 (
) 1 2 ( ) (
5 . 0 ) 1 (
) 1 2 (
) (
5 . 0
2
1
1
2 1
n u n y
z
z
z Y
z
z
A
z
z
A
z
A
z
A
z z
z
z
z Y
z z
z z
z Y
z
z
=

=
=

=
=

=


=


=
=
=