Lap Trinh Win32 API

Mc lc
Trang
Bi 1: GII THIU CHUNG.................................................................. 2
1. M u ......................................................................................................... 2
2. Cc th vin lp trnh ca Windows ............................................................. 3
3. Cc khi nim c bn................................................................................... 4
4. Lp trnh s kin (Even driven programming)............................................... 5
5. Cc thnh phn giao din ha (GUI) ....................................................... 6
6. Cu trc chng trnh C for Win................................................................. 10
7. Qui trnh hot ng ca chng trnh ng dng ........................................ 10
8. Mt s quy c t tn............................................................................... 11
9. V d ........................................................................................................... 11
10. Ti nguyn ca ng dng (Resources) ................................................... 18
11. Mt s kiu d liu mi ........................................................................... 19
12. Phn tch, tm hiu source code ca project ........................................... 19
Bi 2: PAINT V REPAINT................................................................. 24
1. Gii thiu .................................................................................................... 24
2. Tng quan v GDI (Graphics Device Interface) .......................................... 25
3. Mt s hm ha c s........................................................................... 28
4. Kt lun....................................................................................................... 30
Bi 3: CC THIT B NHP LIU ...................................................... 31 U
1. Bn phm.................................................................................................... 31
2. Thit b chut .............................................................................................. 38
3. Timer........................................................................................................... 41
Bi 4: HP THOI V IU KHIN................................................... 45
1. Hp thoi..................................................................................................... 45
2. Menu........................................................................................................... 57
Bi 5: X L VN BN...................................................................... 62
1. Hin th vn bn .......................................................................................... 62
2. nh dng vn bn...................................................................................... 64
3. S dng font ............................................................................................... 65
Ti liu tham kho............................................................................... 69
Bi 1:Gii thiu chung Trn Minh Thi
Bi 1: GII THIU CHUNG
Phn b thi lng:
- S tit ging lp: 6 tit
- S tit t hc nh: 6 tit
- S tit ci t chng trnh nh: 12 tit
1. M u
Cc ng dng ca Windows rt d s dng, nhng rt kh i vi ngi
to lp ra chng. t c tnh d dng i hi ngi lp trnh phi b
ra rt nhiu cng sc ci t.

Lp trnh trn Windows kh v phc tp hn nhiu so vi lp trnh trn
DOS. Tuy nhin lp trnh trn Windows s gii quyt c mt s vn
kh khn trong mi trng DOS nh xy dng giao din ngi dng, qun
l b nh o, c lp thit b vo ra, thm nhp Internet, kh nng chia s
ti nguyn, ...

Windows cung cp cc hm ngi lp trnh thm nhp cc c trng ca
h iu hnh gi l giao din lp trnh ng dng (Application Programming
Interface API). Nhng hm ny c t trong cc th vin lin kt ng
(Dynamic Link Library DLL). Cc chng trnh ng dng s dng chng
thng qua cc li gi hm v ch chia s c khi trong my c ci t
Windows.

Vi im khc bit gia lp trnh Windows v DOS:
Windows DOS
Lp trnh s kin, da vo thng ip
(message)
Thc hin tun t theo ch nh
Multi-tasking Single task
Multi-CPU Single CPU
Tch hp sn Multimedia Phi dng cc th vin Multimedia ring
H tr 32 bits hay hn na ng dng 16 bits
H tr nhiu cng ngh DLL, OLE,
DDE, COM, OpenGL, DirectX,
Khng c
Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win ............................................................................................... Trang 2/69
2. Cc th vin lp trnh ca Windows
SDK Software Development Kit
L b th vin lp trnh nn tng ca HH Windows.
Cung cp tt c cc cng c cn thit xy dng 1 ng dng trn
Windows.

c s dng nh l th vin c s to ra nhng th vin cao cp hn
trong nhng ngn ng lp trnh. VD: OWL ca BorlandC, MFC ca Visual
C++,

Mt s thnh phn c bn ca SDK:
Win32 API.
GDI/GDI+.
Windows Multimedia.
OpenGL.
DirectX.
COM/COM+.
ADO (ActiveX Data Object).
OLE DB.

(Xem thm MSDN/PlatForm SDK Documentation/Getting
started/Content of Platform SDK).
OWL Object Windows Library:
L b th vin hng i tng ca BorlandC++.
MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes:
L b th vin hng i tng ca Visual C++.
Mt ng dng trn Windows c th c vit bng:
Th vin SDK.
Mt th vin khc (OWL, MFC,) phi hp vi SDK.
Cc loi ng dng:
Win32 Console: ng dng 32 bits, vi giao din dng DOS command
line.
Win32 (SDK): ng dng 32 bits, ch s dng th vin SDK.
Win32 DLL: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt ng (Dynamic
Linked Library), s dng SDK.
Win32 LIB: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt tnh (Static
Linked Library).
MFC EXE: ng dng 32 bits, s dng th vin Microsoft Foundation
Class.
MFC DLL: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt ng (Dynamic
Linked Library), s dng MFC.

3. Cc khi nim c bn
Message:
Trao i thng tin gia chng trnh ng dng v h iu hnh.
Th tc Window:
c gi bi h thng x l cc Message nhn c.
Hng i Message:
Mi chng trnh c 1 hng i Message cha cc Message. Mi
chng trnh c vng lp Message.
Handle:
Mt gi tr 32 bits khng du (unsigned) do HH to ra lm nh danh
cho mt i tng (ca s, file, vng nh, menu,).
ID (Identifier):
Mt gi tr nguyn do ng dng to ra lm nh danh cho 1 i tng
(menu item, control).
Instance:
Mt gi tr nguyn do HH to ra nh danh 1 th hin ang thc thi ca
ng dng.
Callback:
Thuc tnh ca 1 hm/ th tc s c gi bi HH, khng phi bi ng
dng.
4. Lp trnh s kin (Even driven programming)

USER.EXE
Mouse
Driver
Keyboard
Driver

Pht sinh cc s kin v thng ip

Qui trnh x l thng ip

System
Queue
System
Queue
Application
Queue
GetMessage()
TranslateMessage()
DispatchMessage()
Device driver Keyboard
DefWindowProc()

WindowProc()
Virtual Key & Scan code
MSG msg;
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
5. Cc thnh phn giao din ha (GUI)
GUI: Graphics User Interface.
Cc dng GUI c bn:
SDI Single Document Interface:
Mt ca s lm vic.
Cho php thay i kch thc ca s (Resizeable).
Khng c cc ca s con.
V d: NotePad, Paint,

MDI Multi Document Interface:
Mt ca s lm vic chnh (Frame window) v nhiu ca s con
(Child window).
Cho php thay i kch thc ca s (Resizeable).
Cho php Maximize/Minimize/Close cc ca s con.
V d: Word, Excel, VC++,

Dialog:
Mt ca s lm vic.
Thng c kch thc c nh.
Thng khng c menu bar.
Thng c cc button, edit box, list-box,
V d: Calculator, CD Player,

Ca s:
nh ngha:
L 1 vng ch nht trn mn hnh.
Dng hin th kt qu output.
V nhn cc input t ngi dng
Cng vic u tin ca 1 ng dng GUI l to 1 ca s lm vic.
Nguyn tc qun l:
M hnh phn cp: mi ca s u c 1 ca s cha (parent
window), ngoi tr ca s nn Desktop.
Ti mi thi im, ch c 1 ca s nhn input t user
(Active/Focused window).
Phn loi:
Ca s Desktop.
Ca s tiu chun.
Ca s hp thoi (Dialog box).
Cc control.

Desktop
Window
App
Window
Parent
Window
Child
Window
Control
Dialog
box

Window icon
Window caption
Title bar
Minimized,
Restored,
Maximized button
menu bar
scroll bar
Resized
border
status bar
Client area
tool bar
standard bar


6. Cu trc chng trnh C for Win

7. Qui trnh hot ng ca chng trnh ng dng
Ca s c hin th ln mn hnh.
Windows ch ca s gi thng ip.
Cc thng ip c Windows gi tr li chng trnh ng dng thng qua
li gi hm ca chng trong chng trnh ng dng.
Khi nhn c thng ip, chng trnh ng dng gi cc hm API v hm
ca ring chng thc hin cng vic mong mun.
*.CPP file

Compiler
*.OBJ file
Linker
Definition file
(*.DEF)
Resource file
(*.RES)
Resource
Compiler
Window Application
(*.EXE, *.DLL)
Library file
(*.LIB)
Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win ............................................................................................. Trang 10/69
Lp trnh trn Windows l lp trnh trn c s thng ip, qu trnh trao i
thng tin v iu khin da trn thng ip. C rt nhiu thng ip c pht
sinh ngu nhin nh nhn phm hay chut, chn menu, ...
Tng tc ca ng dng vi ngi s dng thng qua mt hay nhiu ca s,
to lp cc ca s khi cn thit v qun l thng tin trong .
8. Mt s quy c t tn
a. Tn hng
Ch ci vit hoa, nn phn loi cc hng theo nhm. Thng thng gm c
2 phn: Phn u l loi nhm v phn sau l tn hng. Loi nhm v tn
hng cch nhau bng du gch ni.
V d: WM_DESTROY (Hng ny c nh ngha trong windows.h, WM
cho ta bit hng DESTROY thuc nhm thng ip ca s Windows
Message)
b. Tn bin
Tn bin bt u bng k t thng cho bit kiu d liu.
V d: iTong cho bit bin Tong c kiu int.
Cc tin t thng dng khc: c(char), l (long), p (poiter), d (WORD), dw
(DWORD), h (ch s).
9. V d
Xy dng chng trnh hin th mt ca s nh sau:

#include <windows.h>

Lap trinh C for Win
Vi du mo dau
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LRESULT CALLBACK XulyMessage (HWND,UNIT,WPARAM,LPARAM);
char szAppName [ ] = Vidu;
int WINAPI WinMain (HANDLE hInst, HANDLE hPrevInst, 4
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LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hwnd; MSG msg;
WNDCLASSEX wndclass;
wndclass.cbSize = sizeof(wndclass);
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = XulyMessage;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInst;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
wndclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
RegisterClassEx(&wndclass);
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
Vi du mo dau,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
HWND_DESKTOP,
NULL,
hInst,
NULL);
ShowWindow (hwnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow (hwnd);
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg);
DispatchMessage (&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK XulyMessage (HWND hwnd, UINT iMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
switch (iMsg)
{
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps);
GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect); 50
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DrawText (hdc, Lap trinh C for Win, -1, &rect,
DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, iMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
Ta s kho st v d trn nm c nguyn l hot ng ca chng. Trn
y l on chng trnh n gin trn Windows, chng trnh ch hin th 1
khung ca s v 1 dng ch nhng c rt nhiu lnh m c php rt kh nh.
Do vy, nguyn tc lp trnh trn Windows ch yu l sao chp v chnh sa
nhng ni cn thit da vo mt chng trnh mu c sn.
a. Hm WinMain() c thc hin u tin hay cn gi l im vo ca
chng trnh.
Ta thy hm ny c 4 tham s:
o hInst, hPrevinst: Ch s chng trnh khi chng ang chy. V
Windows l h iu hnh a nhim, c th c nhiu bn ca cng
mt chng trnh cng chy vo cng mt thi im nn phi qun
l cht ch chng. hInst l ch s bn chng trnh va khi ng,
hPrevinst l ch s ca bn c khi ng trc v chng
lun c gi tr NULL.
o lpszCmdLine: cha a ch u ca xu k t cc i s dng lnh.
o nCmdShow: Cho bit cch thc hin th ca s khi chng trnh
khi ng. Windows c th gn gi tr SW_SHOWNORMAL hay
SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE.
Cc tham s trn do h iu hnh truyn vo.
nh ngha lp ca s v ng k vi Windows
o Lp ca s (window class):
L mt tp cc thuc tnh m HH Windows s dng lm khun
mu (template) khi to lp ca s.
Mi lp ca s c c trng bng 1 tn (class-name) dng
chui.
Phn loi class:
- Lp ca s ca h thng (System class):
c nh ngha trc bi HH Windows.
Cc ng dng khng th hy b.
Class Description
Button The class for a button
ComboBox The class for a combo box
Edit The class for an edit control
ListBox The class for a list box
MDIClient
The class for a MDI client
window
ScrollBar The class for a scroll bar
Static The class for a static control
- Lp ca s do ng dng nh ngha:
c ng k bi ng dng.
C th hy b khi khng cn s dng na.
Lp ton cc ca ng dng (Application global class).
Lp cc b ca ng dng (Application local class).
- Mi ca s u thuc mt lp xc nh.
o Khi ln u chy, ng dng phi nh ngha v ng k lp vi ca
s (Window Class). y l cu trc d liu m t tnh cht ca ca
s, ln lt ta gn cc gi tr ban u cho cc thnh phn ca cu
trc lp ca s, bao gm: Kch thc, kiu, a ch hm x l thng
ip ca s, nh ngha hnh dng cho con tr chut (cursor) v biu
tng (Icon), mu nn, tn lp ca s.
Macro Mu nn ca s
BLACK_BRUSH en
DKGRAY_BRUSH Xm en
HOLLOW_BRUSH Khng t
LTGRAY_BRUSH Xm nht
WHITE_BRUSH Trng

struct WNDCLASSEX {
UINT cbSize;
UINT style;
WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
int cbClsExtra;
int cbWndExtra;
HINSTANCE hInstance;
HICON hIcon;
HCURSOR hCursor;
HBRUSH hbrBackground;
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
HICON hIconSm;
};
o Sau khi nh ngha cc thnh phn lp ca s ta phi ng k lp
ca s vi h iu hnh (RegisterClassEX).
ATOM RegisterClassEx (CONST WNDCLASSEX *lpWClass);
vi: Kiu gi tr ca ATOM c nh ngha trong window.h l
WORD; lpWClass l con tr n cu trc lp ca s; hm ny tr v
ch s ca lp ca s.
o C hai nguyn nhn dn n vic ng k ca s tht bi:
Trng tn gia cc ng dng trong h iu hnh.
Khng b nh.
To lp ca s lm vic (Frame Window)
o Sau khi ng k thnh cng ta c th to lp ca s thng qua hm
CreateWindow().
HWND CreateWindow (
LPCSTR lpClassName,
LPCSTR lpWinName,
DWORD dwStyle,
int X, int Y,
int Width, int Height,
HWND hParent,
HMENU hMenu,
HINSTANCE hInst,
LPVOID lpszAdditional);
Kiu M t
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX Ca s c phm dn to trn thanh tiu
WS_MINIMIZEBOX Ca s c phm co nh trn thanh tiu
WS_OVERLAPPED Ca s maximize v khng c ca s cha
WS_SYSMENU Ca s c hp thc n h thng
WS_VSCROLL Ca s c thanh trt dc
WS_HSCROLL Ca s c thanh trt ngang
o Gi hm ShowWindow() hin th ca s
BOOL ShowWindow (HWND hwnd, int nShow);
vi: hwnd ch s ca s cn hin th.
nShow cch thc hin th ca ca s, tham s ny c nhn gi tr
ln u tin ca hm WinMain(), chng c th nhn cc gi tr sau:
Macro Cch thc hin th
SW_HIDE Du ca s
SW_MINIMIZE Thu nh ca s
SW_MAXIMIZE Phng to ca s ton mn hnh
SW_RESTORE Tr li kch thc thng thng
o thng bo cho ng dng bit l phi v li vng lm vic ca ca
s, ta phi gi hm UpdateWindow() yu cu Windows gi thng
ip n hm x l thng ip ca s.
Vng lp thng ip
o Khi nhn phm hay chut, Windows chuyn i s kin ny thnh
cc thng ip v t vo hng i thng ip. Vng lp thng ip
c nhim v nhn v x l cc thng ip trong hng i.
o TranslateMessage: Dch thng ip sang dng tiu chun.
o DispatchMessage: Phn phi thng ip n hm x l thng ip
tng ng.
b. Th tc x l thng ip
Nhn v x l thng ip ca chng trnh.
Mt chng trnh c th c nhiu th tc window.
Mt lp ca s s khai bo 1 th tc window.
Cc thng ip sau khi x l nn tr v gi tr 0.
Dng tng qut:
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
HWND hWnd, //handle ca window nhn message
UINT message, //ID ca thng ip (tn thng ip)
WPARAM wParam, //thams th nht ca message (WORD)
LPARAM lParam) //thams th hai ca message (LONG)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam,
lParam);
}
}
Thng ip WM_PAINT:
Cp nht li thng tin v trn mn hnh.
Cc trng thi xut hin thng ip WM_PAINT:
i. To ca s Hin th Cp nht
CreateWindow ShowWindow UpdateWindow
ii. Xut hin hp thoi (Dialog box), thng bo (Message box) lm che
mt phn hoc ton b ca s, khi cc hp thoi ny ng i th phi
gi WM_PAINT v li ca s.
iii. Khi thay i kch thc ca s
WS_HREDRAW | WS_VREDRAW
iv. Ca s ang minimize maximize
HDC: (Handle to a device context) ch n 1 ng cnh thit b gm thit
b phn cng v trnh iu khin thit b.
BeginPaint: Ly ng cnh thit b.
EndPaint: Gii phng ng cnh thit b.
Thng ip WM_DESTROY:
Xut hin khi ngi dng chn nt close trn ca s hoc nhn Alt+F4.
Nhim v PostQuitMessage t thng ip WM_QUIT vo hng i.
10. Ti nguyn ca ng dng (Resources)
L 1 i tng (object) c s dng trong ng dng (VD: menu bar,
dialog, bitmap, icon, cursor, ).
c nh ngha bn ngoi v c thm vo trong file thi hnh ca
ng dng khi bin dch (linking).
Cc dng resource:
Accelerator Bng m t phm tt (hot-key).
Bitmap nh bitmap.
Caret Con tr vn bn.
Cusor Con tr chut.
Dialog box Khung hp thoi.
Enhance metafile
Tp hp cc cu trc lu nh (picture) theo nh
dng c lp thit b (Device-Independent format).
Font Font ch.
Icon Biu tng.
Menu Menu.
String-table entry Bng m t cc chui k t.
Version information Bng m t thng tin phin bn.
11. Mt s kiu d liu mi
Stt Kiu d liu Ch thch
1 HANDLE
(nguyn khng du 16 bit) dng nh danh i tng
HWND : window
HMENU : menu
HCURSOR : cursor
2 HBRUSH (brush) mu t: solid, dash, dot, cross,
3 HPALLETE (pallete) bng mu
4 HFONT (font) Facename, size, style
5 HBITMAP bitmap
6 HICON icon
7 HPEN Nt v: solid, dot, dash, size, color
8 HINSTANCE Instance
9 HDC Device context
10 LTSTR (long pointer string) con tr n chui k t
11
WPARAM
LPARAM
(word) cc tham s i km message.
12 LRESULT (long) kiu tr v ca hm x l Message.
13 LPVOID Con tr n kiu d liu bt k.
12. Phn tch, tm hiu source code ca project
// bt1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. 1
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#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text 8
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// Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
// TODO: Place code here.
MSG msg;
HACCEL hAccelTable;
// Initialize global strings
LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
LoadString(hInstance, IDC_BT1, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
MyRegisterClass(hInstance);
// Perform application initialization:
if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
{
return FALSE;
}
hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_BT1);
// Main message loop:
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
{
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
// FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
// PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
// COMMENTS:
// This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code
// to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx'
// function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function
// so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated
// with it.
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; 54
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wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_BT1);
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcex.lpszMenuName = (LPCSTR)IDC_BT1;
wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance,(LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL);
return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}
// FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int)
// PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
// COMMENTS:
// In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
// create and display the main program window.
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable
hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass,
szTitle,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
0,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
0,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
if (!hWnd)
{
return FALSE;
}
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
// FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG)
// PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.
// WM_COMMAND - process the application menu
// WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
// WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM
wParam, LPARAM lParam)
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{
int wmId, wmEvent,x,y;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING];
LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING);
switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
// Parse the menu selections:
switch (wmId)
{
case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hInst,(LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX,
hWnd, (DLGPROC)About);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message,
wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
// TODO: Add any drawing code here...
x=LOWORD(lParam);
y=HIWORD(lParam);
TextOut(hdc,x,y,(LPCTSTR)szHello, strlen(szHello));
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// TODO: Add any drawing code here...
RECT rt;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt);
DrawText(hdc, szHello, strlen(szHello), &rt, DT_CENTER);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0); break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); 145
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}
return 0;
}
// Mesage handler for about box.
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam)== IDOK||LOWORD(wParam)==
IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));return TRUE;
}
break;
}
return FALSE;
}
Bi 2:Paint v repaint Trn Minh Thi
Bi 2: PAINT V REPAINT
Phn b thi lng:
1. Gii thiu
Windows khng gi li nhng g chng hin th trn vng lm vic ca ca s,
cho nn chng trnh ng dng phi hin th ni dung ca s khi cn thit. V li
ni dung ca s khi:
Dng hm ScrollWindow: D liu hin th thay i cp nht li.
Hm InvalidateRect: Lm bt hp l 1 phn hay ton b vng lm vic.
Menu chng trnh bt xung lm che khut mt phn ca s.
Di chuyn chut, di chuyn icon.
Vng hnh ch nht hp l v bt hp l thng qua li gi hm
BOOL InvalidateRect(HWND hwnd, CONST RECT *lpRect, BOOL bErase);
vi: bErase = TRUE th t li nn, FALSE th gi nguyn.
Hm BeginPaint() s lm hp l li vng bt hp l.
Trong ca s cha PAINTSTRUCT, mc ch l s t hp li 2 hay nhiu
vng bt hp l chng ln nhau.
typedef struct tagPAINTSTRUCT
{
HDC hdc;
BOOL fErase;
RECT rcPaint;
BOOL fRestore;
BOOL flncUpdate;
BYTE rgReserved[32];
}PAINTSTRUCT;

Vi: fErase =
FALSE: Khng xo m ghi ch
rcPaint cha to vng bt hp l.
TRUE: xo vng hnh ch nht bt hp l.
ng ln.
typedef tagRECT
{
LONG left, top;
LONG right, bottom;
}RECT;
2. Tng quan v GDI (Graphics Device Interface)

ng dng
Windows
Ng cnh
thit b GDI
Trnh iu
khin thit b
Thi
xu
t b
t

a) Lm vic vi ng cnh thit b
hdc cha cc thng tin nn cn thit cho vic v ln mn hnh, t ng
giao tip vi phn cng.
C nhiu cch nhn v gii phng hdc.
o BeginPaint() v EndPaint() : Cp hm ny ch yu c dng trong
phn WM_PAINT.
HDC BeginPaint(HWND hwnd, LPPAINTSTRUCT lpPS);
BOOL EndPaint(HWND hWnd, CONST PAINTSTRUCT *lpPaint);
o GetDC() v ReleaseDC() : Khng lm hp l bt c vng bt hp l
no.
HDC GetDC(HWND hwnd);
int ReleaseDC(HWND hwnd, HDC hdc);
tr v TRUE nu gii phng c hdc.
Vic ly v gii phng hdc ch nn c tin hnh bn trong phn x l
1 message.
Ngoi ra, cn c th nhn v device context ca ton mn hnh bng
hm: hDC = CreateDC( "DISPLAY", NULL, NULL, NULL);
ly to v kch thc ca ca s lm vic ta dng hm
BOOL GetClientRect(HWND hWnd, LPRECT lpRect);
tr v gi tr khc khng nu thnh cng, ngc li tr v 0.
Hin th s ln mn hnh
wsprintf(s, %d + %d= %d, a, b, a+b);
TextOut(hdc, x, y, s, wsprintf());
b) Ch nh x
V tr hin th k t TextOut() l ta tng i trong ca s (ta
logic).
Windows s nh x n v ny thnh pixel khi hin th k t.
ch mc nh ta logic pixel.
c) M hnh mu RGB (Red Green Blue)
Byte 3 Byte 2 Byte 1 Byte 0
0 Blue Green Red
C gi tr t 0 255
(0, 0, 0)
en
(255, 255, 255)
trng
Cc hm API lin quan n mu u s dng m hnh RGB.
nh ngha mu COLORREF RGB (int red, int green, int blue).
V d 1 : V hnh ch nht
HDC hDC;
HPEN hPen, oldHPen;
hDC=GetDC(hWnd);
hPen=CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 5, RGB(0, 0, 255));
oldHPen=(HPEN)SelectObject(hDC, hPen);
Rectangle(hDC, 20, 20, 100, 100);
SelectObject(hDC, oldHPen);
DeleteObject(hPen);
ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC);
d) To lp v gii phng memory device context
Memory device context (MDC) l mt device context o khng gn vi
mt thit b xut c th no. Mun kt qu kt xut ra thit b vt l ta
phi chp MDC ln mt device context tht s(device context c lin
kt vi thit b vt l). MDC thng c dng nh mt device context
trung gian v trc khi thc s xut ra thit b, nhm gim s chp
git nu thit b xut l window hay mn hnh.
to MDC tng thch vi mt hDC c th, s dng hm
CreateCompatibleDC:
HDC hMemDC;
hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hDC);
n gin hn, c th t NULL vo v tr hDC, Windows s to mt
device context tng thch vi mn hnh.
Hy MDC bng hm DeleteDC.
MDC c b mt hin th nh mt thit b tht. Tuy nhin, b mt hin
th ny lc u rt nh, ch l mt pixel n sc. Khng th lm g vi
mt b mt hin th ch gm 1 bit nh vy. Do cn lm cho b mt
hin th ny rng hn bng cch chn mt i tng bitmap GDI vo
MDC:
SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap);
Ch c th chn i tng bitmap vo MDC, khng th chn vo mt
device context c th c.
Sau khi chn mt i tng bitmap cho MDC, c th dng MDC nh
mt device context tht s.
Sau khi c hon tt trong MDC, nh c a ra device context tht
s bng hm BitBlt:
BitBlt(hDC, xDest, yDest, nWidth, nHeight, hMemDC, xSource,
ySource);
V d : Chun b nh trc khi a ra mn hnh, trnh gy chp mn
hnh trong thng ip WM_PAINT.
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// Ly v kch thc vng client ca ca s hin hnh
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &rect);
// To MDC tng thch vi DC ca ca s
HDC hMemDC;
hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
// Chn mt i tng bitmap m rng vng hin th cho MDC
HBITMAP bitmap,oBitmap;
bitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, rect.right, rect.bottom);
oBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hMemDC, bitmap);
// V li nn MDC
FillRect(hMemDC, &rect, HBRUSH (GetBkColor(hMemDC)));
// Xut hnh nh, text ra MDC
SetPixel(hMemDC, 0, 0, RGB(255,0,0));
MoveToEx(hMemDC, 50, 50, NULL);
LineTo(hMemDC, 100, 100);
Rectangle(hMemDC, 10, 10, 100, 100);
TextOut(hMemDC, 15 ,15, "Testing MDC", 11);
If (!BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, rect.right, rect.bottom, hMemDC, 0, 0,
SRCCOPY))
MessageBox(hWnd, "Failed to transfer bit block", "Error",MB_OK);
// Phc hi li bitmap c cho MDC
SelectObject(hMemDC, oBitmap);
// Gii phng MDC, bitmap to
DeleteDC(hMemDC);
DeleteObject(bitmap);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
3. Mt s hm ha c s
a) Nhm hm v
COLORREF GetPixel(HDC hDC, int nXPos, int nYPos);
Ly v gi tr mu ti v tr (nXPos, nYPos) ca hDC, tr v -1 nu im
ny nm ngoi vng hin th.
COLORREF SetPixel(HDC hDC, int nXPos, int nYPos,
COLORREF clrRef);
V mt im mu clrRef ti v tr (nXPos, nYPos) ln hDC. Gi tr tr
v l mu ca im (nXPos, nYPos) hoc -1 nu im ny nm ngoi
vng hin th.
DWORD MoveToEx(HDC hDC, int x, int y);
Di chuyn bt v n ta (x, y) trn hDC. Gi tr tr v l ta c
ca bt v, x = LOWORD, y = HIWORD.
BOOL LineTo(HDC hDC, int xEnd, int yEnd);
V on thng t v tr hin hnh n v tr (xEnd, yEnd) trn hDC.
Hm tr v TRUE nu thnh cng, FALSE nu tht bi.
BOOL Polyline(HDC hDC, const POINT FAR *lpPoints, int
nPoints);
V ng gp khc ln hDC bng cc on thng lin tip, s nh l
nPoints vi ta cc nh c xc nh trong lpPoints. Hm tr v
TRUE nu thnh cng, FALSE nu tht bi.
BOOL Polygon(HDC hDC, const POINT FAR *lpPoints, int
nPoints);
V a gic c nPoints nh, ta cc nh c xc nh bi lpPoints.
Hm tr v TRUE nu thnh cng, FALSE nu tht bi.
BOOL Rectangle(HDC hDC, int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
V hnh ch nht c ta l left, top, right, bottom ln hDC.
HPEN CreatePen(int penStyle, int penWidth, COLORREF
penColor);
To bt v c kiu penStyle, dy nt v l penWidth, mu penColor.
Hm tr v handle ca bt v nu thnh cng v tr v NULL nu tht
bi. Cc gi tr ca penStyle nh sau :
Gi tr Gii thch
PS_SOLID
PS_DASH
PS_DOT
PS_DASHDOT
PS_DASHDOTDOT
PS_NULL Khng hin th
PS_INSIDEFRAME
Cc kiu bt v penStyle
V d : To bt v mi v dng bt v ny v mt s ng c s.
HDC hDC;
POINT PointArr[3];
HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
PointArr[0].x = 50;
PointArr[0].y = 10;
PointArr[1].x = 250;
PointArr[1].y = 50;
PointArr[2].x = 125;
PointArr[2].y = 130;
Polyline(hDC, PointArr, 3);
hPen = (HPEN)CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 255));
hOldPen = SelectObject(hDC, hPen);
MoveToEx(hDC, 100, 100, NULL);
LineTo(hDC, 200, 150);
SelectObject(hDC, hOldPen);
DeleteObject(hPen);
b) Nhm hm min
HBRUSH CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF cRef);
To mu t c vi mu cRef.
HBRUSH CreateHatchBrush(int bStyle, COLORREF cRef);
To mu t dng li kiu bStyle vi mu cRef.
Cc kiu bStyle :
HS_HORIZONTAL
HS_VERTICAL
HS_FDIAGONAL
HS_BDIAGONAL
HS_CROSS
HS_DIAGCROSS
BOOL FloodFill(HDC hDC, int xStart, int yStart, COLORREF
cRef);
T mu mt vng kn, mu ng bin l cRef.
BOOL ExtFloodFill(HDC hDC, int xStart, int yStart, COLORREF
cRef, UINT fillStyle);
T mu mt vng kn, fillStyle quyt nh cch t :
o FLOODFILLBORDER : T mu vng c mu ng bin l cRef.
o FLOODFILLSURFACE : T vng c mu cRef.
V d : S dng cc mu c sn v to cc mu t mi t.
HDC hDC;
HPEN hPen;
HBRUSH hBrush, hOldBrush;
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
//V hai hnh ch nht vi bt v Black
hPen = (HPEN)GetStockObject(BLACK_PEN);
SelectObject(hDC, hPen);
Rectangle(hDC, 10, 10, 50, 50);
Rectangle(hDC, 100, 100, 200, 200);
// Dng mt trong cc mu t c sn t hnh
hBrush = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
SelectObject(hDC, hBrush);
FloodFill(hDC, 30, 30, RGB(0,0,255));
// To mu t mi t hnh th hai
hBrush = (HBRUSH)CreateHatchBrush(HS_DIAGCROSS, RGB(0,
255, 255));
hOldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hDC, hBrush);
FloodFill(hDC, 150, 150, RGB(0, 0, 0));
SelectObject(hDC, hOldBrush);
//Xa mu t v gii phng hDC
DeleteObject(hBrush);
4. Kt lun
WM_PAINT l message c u tin thp. Khi WM_PAINT trong hng ch v
c mt s Window Message khc th Windows x l WM khc ri mi x l
WM_PAINT.
Bi 3:Cc thit b nhp liu Trn Minh Thi
Bi 3: CC THIT B NHP LIU
Phn b thi lng:
1. Bn phm
a. Chng trnh iu khin bn phm (Keyboard.drv)
Windows c np Keyboard.drv khi khi ng v x l phm. Sau
keyboard.drv chuyn cho USER bin phm nhn thnh message v a
vo hng i (Hng i h thng v hng i chng trnh).
b. Ca s c focus
Khi ca s c focus th pht sinh thng ip WM_SETFOCUS.
Ngc li pht sinh WM_KILLFOCUS.
c. Thng ip phm
MSG msg;
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
{
}
Thng ip Nguyn nhn pht sinh
WM_ACTIVATE Thng ip ny cng c gi n cc ca s b
kch hot v ca s khng b kch hot. Nu cc
ca s ny cng mt hng i nhp liu, cc
thng ip ny s c truyn mt cch ng
b, u tin th tc Windows ca ca s trn
cng b mt kch hot, sau n th tc ca
ca s trn cng c kch hot. Nu cc ca s
ny khng nm trong cng mt hng i th
thng ip s c gi mt cch khng ng b,
do ca s s c kch hot ngay lp tc.
WM_APPCOMMAND Thng bo n ca s rng ngi dng to
mt s kin lnh ng dng, v d khi ngi dng
kch vo button s dng chut hay nh vo mt
k t kch hot mt lnh ca ng dng.
WM_CHAR Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s c s quan
tm khi thng ip WM_KEYDOWN c
dch t hm TranslateMessage. Thng ip
WM_CHAR c cha m k t ca phm c
nhn.
WM_DEADCHAR Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s c s quan
tm khi thng ip WM_KEYUP c x l
t hm TranslateMessage. Thng ip ny xc
nhn m k t khi mt phm dead key c
nhn. Phm dead key l phm kt hp to ra k
t ngn ng khng c trong ting anh (xut hin
trong bn phm h tr ngn ng khc ting
Anh).
WM_GETHOTKEY ng dng gi thng ip ny xc nh mt
phm nng lin quan n mt ca s. gi
thng ip ny th dng hm SendMessage.
WM_HOTKEY Thng ip ny c gi khi ngi dng nhn
mt phm nng c ng k trong
RegisterHotKey.
WM_KEYDOWN Thng ip ny c gi cho ca s nhn c
s quan tm khi ngi dng nhn mt phm trn
bn phm. Phm ny khng phi phm h thng
(Phm khng c nhn phm Alt).

WM_KEYUP
Thng ip ny c gi cho ca s nhn c
s quan tm khi ngi dng nh mt phm
c nhn trc .Phm ny khng phi phm
h thng (Phm khng c nhn phm Alt).
WM_KILLFOCUS Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s ang nhn
c s quan tm trc khi n mt quyn ny.
WM_SETFOCUS Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s sau khi ca
s nhn c s quan tm ca Windows
WM_SETHOTKEY ng dng s gi thng ip ny n ca s lin
quan n phm nng, khi ngi dng nhn mt
phm nng th ca s tng ng lin quan ti
phm nng ny s c kch hot.
WM_SYSCHAR Thng ip ny s c gi ti ca s nhn
c s quan tm khi hm TranslateMesage x
l xong thng ip WM_SYSKEYDOWN.
Thng ip WM_SYSCHAR cha m ca phm
h thng. Phm h thng l phm c cha phm
Alt v t hp phm khc.
WM_SYSDEADCHAR Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s nhn c
s quan tm khi mt thng ip
WM_SYSKEYDOWN c bin dch trong
hm TranslateMessage. Thng ip ny xc
nhn m k t ca phm h thng deadkey c
nhn.
WM_SYSKEYDOWN Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s nhn c
s quan tm khi ngi dng nhn phm h
thng.
d. V d
#define BUFSIZE 65535 1
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#define SHIFTED 0x8000

LONG APIENTRY MainWndProc(HWND hwndMain, UINT uMsg,
{
HDC hdc; // handle to device context
TEXTMETRIC tm; // structure for text metrics
static DWORD dwCharX; // average width of characters
static DWORD dwCharY; // height of characters
static DWORD dwClientX; // width of client area
static DWORD dwClientY; // height of client area
static DWORD dwLineLen; // line length
static DWORD dwLines; // text lines in client area
static int nCaretPosX = 0; // horizontal position of caret
static int nCaretPosY = 0; // vertical position of caret
static int nCharWidth = 0; // width of a character
static int cch = 0; // characters in buffer
static int nCurChar = 0; // index of current character
static PTCHAR pchInputBuf; // input buffer
int i, j; // loop counters
int cCR = 0; // count of carriage returns
int nCRIndex = 0; // index of last carriage return
int nVirtKey; // virtual-key code
TCHAR szBuf[128]; // temporary buffer
TCHAR ch; // current character
PAINTSTRUCT ps; // required by BeginPaint
RECT rc; // output rectangle for DrawText
SIZE sz; // string dimensions
COLORREF crPrevText; // previous text color
COLORREF crPrevBk; // previous background color 31
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switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
// Get the metrics of the current font.
hdc = GetDC(hwndMain);
GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm);
ReleaseDC(hwndMain, hdc);
// Save the average character width and height.
dwCharX = tm.tmAveCharWidth;
dwCharY = tm.tmHeight;
// Allocate a buffer to store keyboard input.
pchInputBuf = (LPTSTR) GlobalAlloc(GPTR,
BUFSIZE * sizeof(TCHAR));
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
// Save the new width and height of the client area.
dwClientX = LOWORD(lParam);
dwClientY = HIWORD(lParam);
// Calculate the maximum width of a line and the
// maximum number of lines in the client area.
dwLineLen = dwClientX - dwCharX;
dwLines = dwClientY / dwCharY;
break;
case WM_SETFOCUS:
// Create, position, and display the caret when the
// window receives the keyboard focus.
CreateCaret(hwndMain, (HBITMAP) 1, 0, dwCharY);
SetCaretPos(nCaretPosX, nCaretPosY * dwCharY);
ShowCaret(hwndMain);
break;
case WM_KILLFOCUS:
// Hide and destroy the caret when the window loses the
// keyboard focus.
HideCaret(hwndMain);
DestroyCaret();
break;
case WM_CHAR:
switch (wParam)
{
case 0x08: // backspace
case 0x0A: // linefeed
case 0x1B: // escape
MessageBeep((UINT) -1);
return 0;
case 0x09: // tab
// Convert tabs to four consecutive spaces. 77
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for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
SendMessage(hwndMain, WM_CHAR, 0x20, 0);
return 0;
case 0x0D: // carriage return
// Record the carriage return and position the
// caret at the beginning of the new line.
pchInputBuf[cch++] = 0x0D;
nCaretPosX = 0;
nCaretPosY += 1;
break;
default: // displayable character
ch = (TCHAR) wParam;
// Retrieve the character's width and output
// the character.
GetCharWidth32(hdc, (UINT) wParam, (UINT) wParam,
&nCharWidth);
TextOut(hdc, nCaretPosX, nCaretPosY * dwCharY,
&ch, 1);
// Store the character in the buffer.
pchInputBuf[cch++] = ch;
// Calculate the new horizontal position of the
// caret. If the position exceeds the maximum,
// insert a carriage return and move the caret
// to the beginning of the next line.
nCaretPosX += nCharWidth;
if ((DWORD) nCaretPosX > dwLineLen)
{
nCaretPosX = 0;
pchInputBuf[cch++] = 0x0D;
++nCaretPosY;
}
nCurChar = cch;
break;
}
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
switch (wParam)
{
case VK_LEFT: // LEFT ARROW
// The caret can move only to the beginning of
// the current line. 123
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if (nCaretPosX > 0)
{
// Retrieve the character to the left of
// the caret, calculate the character's
// width, then subtract the width from the
// current horizontal position of the caret
// to obtain the new position.
ch = pchInputBuf[--nCurChar];
GetCharWidth32(hdc, ch, ch, &nCharWidth);
nCaretPosX = max(nCaretPosX - nCharWidth, 0);
}
break;
case VK_RIGHT: // RIGHT ARROW
// Caret moves to the right or, when a carriage
// return is encountered, to the beginning of
// the next line.
if (nCurChar < cch)
{
// Retrieve the character to the right of
// the caret. If it's a carriage return,
// position the caret at the beginning of
// the next line.
ch = pchInputBuf[nCurChar];
if (ch == 0x0D)
{
nCaretPosX = 0;
nCaretPosY++;
}
// If the character isn't a carriage
// return, check to see whether the SHIFT
// key is down. If it is, invert the text
// colors and output the character.
else
{
nVirtKey = GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT);
if (nVirtKey & SHIFTED)
{
crPrevText = SetTextColor(hdc,
RGB(255, 255, 255));
crPrevBk = SetBkColor(hdc, 169
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RGB(0,0,0));
TextOut(hdc, nCaretPosX,
nCaretPosY * dwCharY,
&ch, 1);
SetTextColor(hdc, crPrevText);
SetBkColor(hdc, crPrevBk);
}
// Get the width of the character and
// calculate the new horizontal position of the caret.
GetCharWidth32(hdc, ch, ch, &nCharWidth);
nCaretPosX = nCaretPosX + nCharWidth;
}
nCurChar++;
break;
}
break;
case VK_UP: // UP ARROW
case VK_DOWN: // DOWN ARROW
MessageBeep((UINT) -1);
return 0;
case VK_HOME: // HOME
// Set the caret's position to the upper left
// corner of the client area.
nCaretPosX = nCaretPosY = 0;
nCurChar = 0;
break;
case VK_END: // END
// Move the caret to the end of the text.
for (i=0; i < cch; i++)
{
// Count the carriage returns and save the
// index of the last one.
if (pchInputBuf[i] == 0x0D)
{
cCR++;
nCRIndex = i + 1;
}
}
nCaretPosY = cCR;

// Copy all text between the last carriage
// return and the end of the keyboard input
// buffer to a temporary buffer.
for (i = nCRIndex, j = 0; i < cch; i++, j++) 215
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szBuf[j] = pchInputBuf[i];
szBuf[j] = TEXT('\0');
// Retrieve the text extent and use it
// to set the horizontal position of the
// caret.
GetTextExtentPoint32(hdc, szBuf, lstrlen(szBuf), &sz);
nCaretPosX = sz.cx;
nCurChar = cch;
break;
default:
break;
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
if (cch == 0) // nothing in input buffer
break;
hdc = BeginPaint(hwndMain, &ps);
// Set the clipping rectangle, and then draw the text
// into it.
SetRect(&rc, 0, 0, dwLineLen, dwClientY);
DrawText(hdc, pchInputBuf, -1, &rc, DT_LEFT);
EndPaint(hwndMain, &ps);
break;
// Process other messages.
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
// Free the input buffer.
GlobalFree((HGLOBAL) pchInputBuf);
UnregisterHotKey(hwndMain, 0xAAAA);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwndMain, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return NULL;
}
2. Thit b chut
a. Kim tra thit b chut
int GetSystemMetrics(
int nIndex // system metric or configuration setting
);
fMouse = GetSystemMetrics( SM_MOUSEPRESENT );
Gi tr tr v fMouse l TRUE (1) nu c thit b chut c ci t, v
ngc li bng FALSE (0) nu thit b chut khng c ci t vo
my.
b. Trong lp ca s ta nh ngha con tr chut cho ng dng
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor ( NULL, IDC_ARROR);
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS;
Vi thit b chut ta c th c cc hnh ng nh sau:
Kch chut : nhn v th mt nt chut.
Kch p chut : nhn v th chut nhanh (nhn 2 ln nhanh).
Ko : di chuyn chut trong khi vn nm gi mt nt.
c. Thng ip chut trong vng lm vic
Nt Nhn Th Nhn p
Tri WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_LBUTTONUP WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK
Gia WM_MBUTTONDOWN WM_MBUTTONUP WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK
Phi WM_RBUTTONDOWN WM_MBUTTONUP WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK
d. Gi tr wParam s cho bit trng thi ca nt nhn, phm Shift, v
phm Ctrl.
MK_LBUTTON Nt chut tri nhn
MK_MBUTTON Nt chut gia nhn
MK_RBUTTON Nt chut phi nhn
MK_SHIFT Phm Shift c nhn
MK_CONTROL Phm Ctrl c nhn
e. Gi tr lParam s cho bit v tr chut ti thi im pht sinh message.
2 bytes thp: ta x
2 bytes cao: ta y
f. V d
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message,
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{
HDC hdc;
static POINT oldPoint;
static int iC;
int WIDTH_PEN = 2;
HPEN oPen,pen;
COLORREF Col [ ] ={ RGB (0, 0, 0) , RGB (255 ,0 ,0),
RGB (0, 255, 0), RGB (0, 0, 255), RGB (255, 255, 0)};
POINT point;
TCHAR str [255];
switch ( message ) // X l thng ip
{
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
/* V ng thng t v tr trc n v tr chut hin ti*/
hdc = GetDC ( hWnd );
pen = CreatePen ( PS_SOLID,WIDTH_PEN,Col [
iC] );
oPen = ( HPEN ) SelectObject ( hdc,pen );
point.x = LOWORD ( lParam );
point.y = HIWORD ( lParam );
MoveToEx ( hdc, oldPoint.x, oldPoint.y, NULL );
LineTo ( hdc, point.x, point.y );
oldPoint = point;
/* Chn li bt v trc v hy bt v va to*/
SelectObject ( hdc, oPen );
DeleteObject ( pen );
ReleaseDC ( hWnd, hdc );
break;
case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
/* Chuyn index ca bng mu sang v tr tip theo, nu
cui bng mu th quay li mu u tin*/
iC = ( iC+1 ) % ( sizeof ( Col ) / sizeof (
COLORREF ) );
break;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
/* Xut to chut hin thi ln thanh tiu */
sprintf ( str,"Toa do chuot x = %d, To do y = %d",
LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
SetWindowText ( hWnd, str );
/* Kim tra xem c gi phm chut tri hay khng*/
if ( wParam & MK_LBUTTON )
{
hdc = GetDC ( hWnd );
pen = CreatePen (
PS_SOLID,WIDTH_PEN,Col [ iC ] );
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oPen = ( HPEN ) SelectObject ( hdc, pen );
point.x = LOWORD ( lParam );
point.y = HIWORD ( lParam );
MoveToEx ( hdc, oldPoint.x, oldPoint.y,
NULL );
LineTo ( hdc, point.x, point.y );
oldPoint = point;
SelectObject ( hdc, oPen );
ReleaseDC ( hWnd, hdc );
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage ( 0 );
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc ( hWnd, message, wParam,
lParam );
}
return 0;
}
3. Timer
a. Khi to
UINT_PTR SetTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT_PTR nIDEvent, UINT
uElapse, TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );
hWnd : nh danh ca ca s khai bo dng b nh thi gian.
nIDEvent : nh danh ca b nh thi gian.
nElapse : L khong thi gian ngh gia hai ln gi thng ip
lpTimerFunc : Hm s x l khi thng ip WM_TIMER pht
sinh, nu chng ta khai bo l NULL th Windows s gi thng
ip WM_TIMER vo hng i thng ip ca ca s tng ng.
b. Hy
BOOL KillTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT_PTR uIDEvent );
hWnd : nh danh ca ca s dng b nh thi gian
uIDEvent : nh danh ca b nh thi gian.
c. V d 1
#include <time.h> 1
#include "stdio.h" 2
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#define MAX_POINT 10000
#define IDT_TIMER1 1
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
static int NumCir = 0;
static POINT point [ MAX_POINT ];
int r = 5, i;
HPEN pen, oldPen;
RECT rc;
TCHAR str [255];
/* X l thng ip*/
switch ( message )
{
case WM_CREATE:
SetTimer(hWnd, IDT_TIMER1, 500,
(TIMERPROC) NULL);
srand ( (unsigned) time( NULL ) );
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint ( hWnd, &ps );
pen = CreatePen ( PS_SOLID, 2, RGB (255,0,0) );
oldPen = (HPEN) SelectObject ( hdc, pen );
for( i=0; i < NumCir; i++ )
Arc ( hdc, point[i].x-r, point[i].y-r,
point[i].x+r, point[i].y+r, point[i].x+r,
point[i].y,point[i].x+r,point[i].y);
SelectObject ( hdc, oldPen );
EndPaint ( hWnd, &ps );
break;
case WM_TIMER:
GetClientRect ( hWnd, &rc );
point [NumCir].x = rand( ) % (rc.right - rc.left);
point [NumCir].y = rand( ) % (rc.bottom - rc.top);
NumCir++;
sprintf ( str,"So vong tron : %d", NumCir);
SetWindowText ( hWnd, str );
InvalidateRect ( hWnd, &rc, FALSE);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
KillTimer ( hWnd, IDT_TIMER1 );
break; 48
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default:
lParam );
}
return 0;
}

d. V d 2
#include <time.h>
#include "stdio.h"
#define IDT_TIMER1 1
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
/* Khai bo bin lu cc gi tr khng gian*/
struct tm *newtime;
time_t CurTime;
TCHAR str [255];
RECT rc;
/* Bin LOGFONT to font mi*/
LOGFONT lf;
HFONT oldFont, font;
COLORREF color = RGB (255, 0, 0), oldColor;
switch ( message )
{
case WM_CREATE:
/* khi to b nh thi gian, v khai bo hm x l Timer*/
SetTimer ( hWnd, IDT_TIMER1, 1000, ( TIMERPROC )
TimerProc );
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint ( hWnd, &ps );
time( &CurTime );
newtime = localtime ( &CurTime );
GetClientRect ( hWnd, &rc );
sprintf(str,"Gio hien tai : %d gio: %d phut: %d giay",
newtime->tm_hour,newtime->tm_min, newtime-
>tm_sec);
oldColor = SetTextColor ( hdc, color );
memset ( &lf, 0, sizeof ( LOGFONT ) );
lf.lfHeight = 50;
strcpy ( lf.lfFaceName, "Tahoma" );
font = CreateFontIndirect ( &lf ); 37
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oldFont = ( HFONT ) SelectObject ( hdc,font );
DrawText ( hdc, str, strlen(str), &rc, DT_CENTER |
DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE );
SetTextColor ( hdc,oldColor );
SelectObject ( hdc,oldFont );
DeleteObject ( font );
EndPaint ( hWnd, &ps );
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
break;
default:
lParam );
}
return 0;
}
VOID CALLBACK TimerProc( HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg,
UINT_PTR idEvent, DWORD dwTime)
{
RECT rc;
GetClientRect ( hwnd, &rc );
InvalidateRect ( hwnd, &rc, TRUE );
}
Bi 4: Hp thai v iu khin Trn Minh Thi
Bi 4: HP THOI V IU KHIN
Phn b thi lng:
1. Hp thoi
Hp thoi phi hp gia ngi s dng vi chng trnh bng mt s phn
t iu khin m cc phn t ny nhn nhim v thu nhn thng tin t
ngi dng v cung cp thng tin n ngi dng khi ngi dng tc ng
n cc phn t iu khin. Cc phn t iu khin ny nhn ca s cha l
mt hp thoi. Cc phn t iu khin thng l cc Button, List Box,
Combo Box, Check Box, Radio Button, Edit Box, Scroll Bar, Static.
Hp thoi trng thi (modal).
Hp thoi khng trng thi (modeless).
Hp thoi thng dng (common dialog)
a) Thit k hp thai

V d:

IDD_DIALOG1 DIALOG DISCARDABLE 0, 0, 196, 102
STYLE DS_MODALFRAME | WS_POPUP | WS_CAPTION
CAPTION "Logon"
FONT 8, "MS Sans Serif"
BEGIN
DEFPUSHBUTTON "OK",IDOK,24,81,50,14
PUSHBUTTON "Cancel",IDCANCEL,109,81,50,14
LTEXT "User name",IDC_STATIC,7,23,40,15
LTEXT "Password",IDC_STATIC,7,50,40,16
EDITTEXT DC_EDT_NAME,52,19,137,16,ES_AUTOHSCROLL
EDITTEXT IDC_EDT_PASSWORD, 52, 48, 137, 16, ES_AUTOHSCROLL
END
Kiu iu khin
Lp
ca s
Kiu
PUSHBUTTON Button BS_PUSHBUTTON
DEFPUSHBUTTON Button BS_DEFBUSHBUTTON |
WS_TABSTOP
CHECKBOX Button BS_CHECKBOX | WS_TABSTOP
RADIOBUTTON Button BS_RADIOBUTTON |
WS_TABSTOP
GROUPBOX Button BS_GROUPBOX | WS_TABSTOP
LTEXT Static SS_LEFT | WS_GROUP
CTEXT Static SS_CENTER | WS_GROUP
RTEXT Static SS_RIGHT | WS_GROUP
ICON Static SS_ICON
EDITTEXT Edit ES_LEFT | WS_BORDER |
WS_STABSTOP
SCROLLBAR Scrollbar SBS_HORZ
LISTBOX Listbox LBS_NOTIFY | WS_BORDER |
WS_VSCROLL
COMBOBOX Combobox CBS_SIMPLE | WS_TABSTOP
Cc kiu iu khin

Cc kiu iu khin c khai bo trong resource script c dng nh
sau, ngoi tr kiu iu khin LISTBOX, COMBOBOX,
SCROLLBAR, EDITTEXT.
Control-type "text", id, xPos, yPos, xWidth, yHeight, iStyle
Cc kiu iu khin LISTBOX, COMBOBOX, SCROLLBAR,
EDITTEXT c khai bo trong resource script vi cu trc nh trn
nhng khng c trng "text".
Thm thuc tnh cho cc kiu iu khin bng cch thay i tham s
iStyle. V d ta mun to radio button vi chui din t nm bn tri
ca nt th ta gn trng iStyle bng BS_LEFTTEXT c th nh sau.
RADIOBUTTON Radio1",IDC_RADIO1,106,10,53,15,BS_LEFTTEXT
b) Th tc x l hp thai
c im
Mi hp thai cn c mt th tc x l ring.
Cc thng ip khng c gi ti hm x l ca s chnh.
L mt hm x l ca s.
Mu hm
BOOL CALLBACK Tn hm (HWND, UINT, WPARAM,
LPARAM) ;
C nhiu thng ip khc nhau.
Khng cn x l WM_PAINT v WM_DESTROY.
X l thng ip no th tr v TRUE, nu khng tr v
FALSE.
Thng phi x l hai thng ip chnh: WM_INITDIALOG v
WM_COMMAND: LOWORD(WPARAM) cha ID cc iu
khin.
V d:
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM,
LPARAM);
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BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM,
LPARAM) ;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message,
{
static HINSTANCE hInstance ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE :
hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance ;
return 0 ;
case WM_COMMAND :
switch (LOWORD (wParam))
{
case IDC_SHOW :
DialogBox (hInstance, TEXT ("DIALOG1"),
hwnd, DialogProc) ;
break;
}
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
/*----------------------hm x l thng ip hp thoi----------------------*/
BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND hDlg, UINT message,
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE ;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
case IDOK :
EndDialog (hDlg, 0) ;
return TRUE ; 41
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}
break ;
}
return FALSE ;
}
c) Hp thoi trng thi
Hin th hp thoi
INT_PTR DialogBox(
HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to module
LPCTSTR lpTemplate, // dialog box template
HWND hWndParent, // handle to owner window
DLGPROC lpDialogFunc // dialog box procedure
);
V d:
DialogBox (hInstance, TEXT ("DIALOG1"), hwnd, DialogProc) ;
Gi thng ip n hm WndProc yu cu x l ngay c khi hp
thoi ang m nh hm SendMessage:
SendMessage(GetParent(hDlg), message, wParam, lParam);
Thm tiu cho hp thoi:
SetWindowText(hDlg,TEXT("Hello Dialog")); trong x l
thng ip WM_INITDIALOG
ng hp thoi
BOOL EndDialog(
HWND hDlg, // handle to dialog box
INT_PTR nResult // value to return
);
V d
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); 1
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BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int iCurrentColor = IDC_BLACK, iCurrentFigure = IDC_RECT;
int iCurrenBrush = IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL;
void PaintWindow(HWND hwnd, int iColor, int iFigure, int iBrush)
{
static COLORREF crColor[8] = { RGB(0, 0, 0), RGB(0, 0, 255),
RGB(0, 255, 0), RGB(0, 255, 255), RGB(255, 0, 0), RGB(255, 0, 255),
RGB(255, 255, 0), RGB(255, 255, 255) } ;
HBRUSH hBrush,hbrush;
HDC hdc ;
RECT rect ;
hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ;
if(iBrush==IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL)
hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_BDIAGONAL,
crColor[iColor-IDC_BLACK]);
if(iBrush == IDC_HS_CROSS)
hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_CROSS,
crColor[iColor - IDC_BLACK]);
if(iBrush == IDC_HS_DIAGCROSS)
hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_DIAGCROSS,
if(iBrush == IDC_HS_FDIAGONAL)
hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_FDIAGONAL,
if(iBrush == IDC_HS_HORIZONTAL)
hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_HORIZONTAL,
if(iBrush == IDC_HS_VERTICAL)
hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_BDIAGONAL,
hBrush = (HBRUSH) SelectObject (hdc, hbrush) ;
if (iFigure == IDC_RECT)
Rectangle (hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom) ;
else
Ellipse(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom) ;
DeleteObject (SelectObject (hdc, hBrush)) ;
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
}
void PaintTheBlock(HWND hCtrl, int iColor, int iFigure, int iBrush)
{
InvalidateRect (hCtrl, NULL, TRUE) ;
UpdateWindow (hCtrl) ;
PaintWindow (hCtrl, iColor, iFigure,iBrush) ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM
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{
static HINSTANCE hInstance ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance ;
return 0 ;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
case IDC_SHOW:
if (DialogBox (hInstance, TEXT ("DIALOG"),
hwnd, DialogProc))
InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
PaintWindow (hwnd, iCurrentColor, iCurrentFigure,
iCurrenBrush) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY:
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM
{
static HWND hCtrlBlock ;
static int iColor, iFigure,iBrush;
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
iColor = iCurrentColor ;
iFigure = iCurrentFigure ;
iBrush = iCurrenBrush;
CheckRadioButton(hDlg,IDC_BLACK,IDC_WHITE,
iColor);
CheckRadioButton(hDlg,IDC_RECT,IDC_ELLIPSE,iFig
ure);CheckRadioButton (hDlg, IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL,
IDC_HS_VERTICAL, iBrush);
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hCtrlBlock = GetDlgItem (hDlg, IDC_PAINT) ;
SetFocus (GetDlgItem (hDlg, iColor)) ;
return FALSE ;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
case IDOK:
iCurrentColor = iColor ;
iCurrentFigure = iFigure ;
iCurrenBrush = iBrush;
EndDialog (hDlg, TRUE) ;
return TRUE ;
case IDCANCEL:
EndDialog (hDlg, FALSE) ;
return TRUE ;
case IDC_BLACK:
case IDC_RED:
case IDC_GREEN:
case IDC_YELLOW:
case IDC_BLUE:
case IDC_MAGENTA:
case IDC_CYAN:
case IDC_WHITE:
iColor = LOWORD (wParam) ;
CheckRadioButton (hDlg, IDC_BLACK,
IDC_WHITE, LOWORD (wParam)) ;
PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor,
iFigure,iBrush);
return TRUE ;
case IDC_RECT:
case IDC_ELLIPSE:
iFigure = LOWORD (wParam) ;
CheckRadioButton (hDlg, IDC_RECT,
IDC_ELLIPSE, LOWORD (wParam)) ;
iFigure,iBrush);
return TRUE ;
case IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL:
case IDC_HS_CROSS:
case IDC_HS_DIAGCROSS:
case IDC_HS_FDIAGONAL:
case IDC_HS_HORIZONTAL:
case IDC_HS_VERTICAL:
iBrush = LOWORD (wParam) 138
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CheckRadioButton(hDlg,IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL,
IDC_HS_VERTICAL, LOWORD (wParam)) ;
iFigure,iBrush);
return TRUE ;
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure,iBrush) ;
break ;
}
return FALSE ;
}
d) Hp thoi khng trng thi
Hin th hp thoi
HWND hDlgModeless=CreateDialog(hInstance, szTemplate,
hwndParent, DialogProc);
ShowWindow(hDlgModeless,SW_SHOW);

while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (hDlgModeless==0 || !IsDialogMessage
(hDlgModeless, &msg);
{
}
}

while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (hDlgModeless==0 || !IsDialogMessage(hDlgModeless,
&msg);
{
if(TranslateAccelerator (hwnd, hAccel, &msg)
{
}
}
}
ng hp thoi
t hDlgModeless v gi tr 0.
BOOL DestroyWindow(
HWND hWnd // handle to window to destroy
);
V d

void PaintWindow (HWND hwnd, int iColor[], int iFigure) 1
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{
HBRUSH hBrush ;
HDC hdc ;
RECT rect ;
hdc = GetDC(hwnd) ;
GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ;
hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(iColor[0], iColor[1],
iColor[2]));
hBrush = (HBRUSH) SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ;
if (iFigure == IDC_RECT)
Rectangle (hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right,
rect.bottom) ;
else
Ellipse(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right,
rect.bottom) ;
DeleteObject (SelectObject (hdc, hBrush)) ;
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT
message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_PAINT:
PaintTheBlock(hwnd, iColor, iFigure) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY :
DeleteObject((HGDIOBJ)SetClassLong(hw
nd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND,(LONG)
GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH))) ;
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return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam,
lParam);
}
void PaintTheBlock (HWND hCtrl, int iColor[], int iFigure)
{
InvalidateRect (hCtrl, NULL, TRUE);
UpdateWindow (hCtrl) ;
PaintWindow (hCtrl, iColor, iFigure) ;
}
BOOL CALLBACK ColorScrDlg (HWND hDlg, UINT
message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HWND hwndParent, hCtrl ;
static HWND hCtrlBlock ;
int iCtrlID, iIndex ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG :
hCtrlBlock = GetDlgItem (hDlg,
IDC_PAINT) ;
for (iCtrlID = 10 ; iCtrlID < 13 ; iCtrlID++)
{
hCtrl = GetDlgItem (hDlg, iCtrlID) ;
iFigure) ;
PaintTheBlock (hwndParent, iColor,
iFigure) ;
SetScrollRange (hCtrl, SB_CTL, 0,
255, FALSE) ;
SetScrollPos(hCtrl, SB_CTL, 0,
FALSE) ;
}
return TRUE ;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
switch( LOWORD(wParam))
{
case IDC_RECT:
case IDC_ELLIPSE:
iFigure = LOWORD(wParam);
hwndParent =
GetParent(hDlg);
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CheckRadioButton(hDlg,
IDC_RECT, IDC_ELLIPSE,
LOWORD (wParam)) ;
PaintTheBlock(hCtrlBlock,
iColor, iFigure) ;
PaintTheBlock (hwndParent,
iColor, iFigure) ;
return TRUE ;
}
break;
}
case WM_VSCROLL :
hCtrl = (HWND) lParam ;
iCtrlID = GetWindowLong (hCtrl,
GWL_ID) ;
iIndex = iCtrlID - 10 ;
hwndParent = GetParent (hDlg) ;
PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure);
PaintTheBlock (hwndParent, iColor,
iFigure) ;
{
case SB_PAGEDOWN :
iColor[iIndex] += 15 ;
case SB_LINEDOWN :
iColor[iIndex] = min (255,
iColor[iIndex] + 1) ;
break;
case SB_PAGEUP :
iColor[iIndex] -= 15 ;
case SB_LINEUP :
iColor[iIndex] = max (0,
iColor[iIndex] - 1);
break;
case SB_TOP :
iColor[iIndex] = 0 ;
break;
case SB_BOTTOM :
iColor[iIndex] = 255 ;
break;
case SB_THUMBPOSITION :
case SB_THUMBTRACK :
iColor[iIndex] = HIWORD
(wParam) ;
break; 121
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default :
return FALSE ;
}
SetScrollPos(hCtrl, SB_CTL, iColor[iIndex],
TRUE) ;
SetDlgItemInt (hDlg, iCtrlID + 3, iColor[iIndex],
FALSE) ;
InvalidateRect(hwndParent,NULL,TRUE);
DeleteObject ( (HGDIOBJ)SetClassLong(
hwndParent, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)
CreateSolidBrush( RGB(iColor[0], iColor[1],
iColor[2]) ) ) ) ;
return TRUE ;
case WM_PAINT:
PaintTheBlock(hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure) ;
break;
}
return FALSE ;
2. Menu
a) To Menu
MENUDEMO MENU DISCARDABLE
BEGIN
POPUP "&File"
BEGIN
MENUITEM "&New", IDM_FILE_NEW
MENUITEM "&Open", IDM_FILE_OPEN
MENUITEM "&Save", IDM_FILE_SAVE
MENUITEM "Save &As...", IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS
MENUITEM SEPARATOR
MENUITEM "E&xit", IDM_APP_EXIT
END
POPUP "&Edit"
BEGIN
MENUITEM "&Undo", IDM_EDIT_UNDO
MENUITEM SEPARATOR
MENUITEM "C&ut", IDM_EDIT_CUT
MENUITEM "&Copy", IDM_EDIT_COPY
MENUITEM "&Paste", IDM_EDIT_PASTE
MENUITEM "De&lete", IDM_EDIT_CLEAR
END
POPUP "&Background"
BEGIN
MENUITEM "&White", IDM_BKGND_WHITE,
CHECKED
MENUITEM "&Light Gray", IDM_BKGND_LTGRAY
MENUITEM "&Gray", IDM_BKGND_GRAY
MENUITEM "&Dark Gray", IDM_BKGND_DKGRAY
MENUITEM "&Black", IDM_BKGND_BLACK
END
POPUP "&Help"
BEGIN
MENUITEM "&Help...", IDM_APP_HELP
MENUITEM "&About ...", IDM_APP_ABOUT
END
END
b) Thit lp Menu
wndclass.lpszMenuName = "MENU1";
hoc:
hMenu = LoadMenu ( hInstance, TEXT("MENU1") );
hwnd = CreateWindow ( TEXT("MyClass"), TEXT("Window
Caption"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, hMenu, hInstance, NULL );
SetMenu(hWnd, hMenu);
LOWORD(WPARAM) cha ID cc iu khin.
c) V d
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM,
LPARAM);
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/* Khai bo tn dng chung cho ccti nguyn trong chng trnh.*/
TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("MenuDemo") ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE
hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); 17
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wndclass.hbrBackground =
(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires
Windows "), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT("Menu
Demonstration"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL,
hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message,
{
/* Khao bo danh sch cc mu chi t, cc hng ny c nh
ngha trong file WINGDI.H */
static int idColor[5] = { WHITE_BRUSH, LTGRAY_BRUSH,
GRAY_BRUSH, DKGRAY_BRUSH, BLACK_BRUSH } ;
static int iSelection = IDM_BKGND_WHITE ;
HMENU hMenu ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
hMenu = GetMenu (hwnd) ; // Ly nh danh ca menu
switch (LOWORD (wParam)) //Kim tra nh danh mc chn
{
case IDM_FILE_NEW:
case IDM_FILE_OPEN:
case IDM_FILE_SAVE:
case IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS:
MessageBeep(0) ; //Pht ra ting ku bp
return 0 ;
case IDM_APP_EXIT: 63
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/*Gi thng ip ng ng dng li*/
SendMessage (hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0) ;
return 0 ;
case IDM_EDIT_UNDO:
case IDM_EDIT_CUT:
case IDM_EDIT_COPY:
case IDM_EDIT_PASTE:
case IDM_EDIT_CLEAR:
MessageBeep (0) ;
return 0 ;
case IDM_BKGND_WHITE:
case IDM_BKGND_LTGRAY:
case IDM_BKGND_GRAY:
case IDM_BKGND_DKGRAY:
case IDM_BKGND_BLACK:
/* B check ca mc chn trc */
CheckMenuItem(hMenu,iSelection,
MF_UNCHECKED);
iSelection = LOWORD (wParam) ; /*Ly ID
mc mi*/
/* Check mc chn mi*/
CheckMenuItem (hMenu, iSelection,
MF_CHECKED) ;
/* Thit lp mu tng ng vi mc chn
mi*/
SetClassLong(hwnd,GCL_HBRBACKGRO
UND, (LONG)
GetStockObject(idColor[iSelection-
IDM_BKGND_WHITE]));
InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;
case IDM_APP_HELP:
MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("Help not yet
implemented!"), szAppName,
MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK) ;
return 0 ;
case IDM_APP_ABOUT:
MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Menu
Demonstration Program\n (c) Charles
Petzold, 1998"), szAppName,
MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK) ;
return 0 ;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0) ; 109
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return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}


Bi 5: X L VN BN
Phn b thi lng:
1. Hin th vn bn
hin th ni dung vn bn trn cc thit b xut, da vo tng trng hp th
hin khc nhau, ta dng cc hm Win32 API khc nhau. Cc hm ny ph
thuc vo font ch, thuc tnh ca thit b ng cnh DC (Device Context ) v
khong cch k t th hin.
Hm ph bin nht thc hin thao tc xut mt chui k t vn bn, s dng
font ch, mu ch v mu nn hin hnh l :
BOOL TextOut(HDC hdc, int nXStart, int nYStart, LPCTSTR
lpString,int cbString);
tr v gi tr khc khng nu thnh cng, ngc li tr v 0.
LONG TabbedTextOut(HDC hDC, int nX, int nY, LPCTSTR lpString, int
nCount, int nNumTabs, LPINT lpnTabStopPositions, int nTabOrigin);
Nu trong chui k t c cc k t tab (\t hoc 0x09), hm
TabbedTextOut s chuyn cc k t tab vo dy cc v tr "dng" tng
ng. S lng cc tab dng c xc nh bi nNumTabs, v
lpnTabStopPositions l dy v tr cc tab dng theo n v tnh pixels. V
d, nu rng trung bnh ca mi k t l 8 pixels, v mi tab dng
cn t cch nhau 5 k t, dy cc tab dng s phi ln lt c gi tr
40, 80, 120, . Tuy nhin, cc gi tr ny khng nht thit phi l bi
s ca nhau.
Nu bin nNumTabs hoc lpnTabStopPositions c gi tr l 0 v NULL,
cc tab dng c t cch nhau tng 8 k t. Nu nNumTabs bng 1,
lpnTabStopPositions tr n gi tr xc nh mt dy tng tun hon l
bi s ca dy ny. V d, nu nNumTabs bng 1, v

lpnTabStopPositions bng 30, ta s c dy tab dng ti v tr 30, 60, 90,
pixels.
Trng nTabOrigin xc nh ta theo trc x ca im bt u tnh
khong cch ti cc tab. Gi tr ny khng nht thit phi l v tr u
tin ca chui, c th chn trng hoc khng.
Hm tr v kch thc chui hin th, theo n v logic, nu thnh cng.
Ngc li, hm tr v 0. Trong , chiu cao chui l WORD cao ca
bin kiu LONG, chiu rng l WORD thp.
int DrawText(HDC hDC, LPCTSTR lpString, int nCount, LPRECT
lpRect, UINT uFormat);
Cng nh cc hm xut vn bn khc, hm DrawText xut chui xc
nh bi con tr lpString c di nCount. Tuy nhin, vi chui c k
t kt thc l NULL, nu nCount bng -1, hm s t ng tnh ton
chiu di ca chui.
Bin lpRect tr n cu trc RECT ca hnh ch nht (theo to logic)
m trong vn bn th hin theo nh dng c thit lp trong
uFormat.
Nu uFormat bng 0, ni dung vn bn s c hin th theo tng dng
t trn xung di. Mi dng mi c xc nh thng qua k t v u
dng CR (carriage return, bng \r hoc 0x0D) hoc k t xung dng
LF (linefeed, bng \n hoc 0x0A) c trong vn bn. Phn vn bn bn
ngoi hnh ch nht lpRect s b ct b.
Gi tr uFormat bng 0 cng chnh l gi tr c canh l tri
(DT_LEFT). Ngoi ra, ta c th thit lp cc c canh l phi
(DT_RIGHT), v canh l gia (DT_CENTER) cho vn bn.
loi b chc nng iu khin ca cc k t CR v LF, cn thm vo
c DT_SINGLELINE. Nu thit lp DT_SINGLELINE, ta cng c th
ch nh v tr ca dng hin th pha trn (DT_TOP), pha di
(DT_BOTTOM), hoc chnh gia (DT_VCENTER) trong vng hnh
ch nht.

Trong trng hp hin th nhiu dng vn bn, Windows ch ngt dng
khi gp k t CR v LF. ngt dng di hn kch thc hnh ch nht
hin th, cn thit lp c DT_WORDBREAK. Nu khng mun Windows
ct b cc phn d ra khi v ch vt qu phm vi khung ch nht, ta
thm c DT_NOCLIP. Nu mun k t tab (\t hoc 0x09) c din
dch thnh k t phn ct, cn thm c DT_EXPANDTABS. Gi tr mc
nh ca tab l 8 khong trng. C DT_TABSTOP c dng t li
gi tr tab. Trong trng hp ny, byte cao ca word thp (bits 15-8)
ca uFormat s cha gi tr tab cn thay th.
2. nh dng vn bn
a) Hm thit lp mu ch v mu nn:
COLORREF SetTextColor (HDC hdc, COLORREF color);
COLORREF SetBkColor (HDC hdc, COLORREF color);
Tr v gi tr mu trc .
Nu c li tr v CLR_INVALID.
int SetBkMode (HDC hdc, int mode) ;
Tr v ch nn trc .
Tr v 0 nu gp li.
mode = OPAQUE : Mi khi hin th vn bn th mu nn c thay
i thnh mu nn hin hnh. Hoc TRANSPARENT: Mu nn
khng b nh hng SetBkColor() b v hiu.
b) Xc nh mu ch v mu nn hin hnh:
COLORREF GetTextColor(HDC hDC);
COLORREF GetBkColor(HDC hDC);
c) Xc nh ch nn hin ti:
int GetBkMode(HDC hDC);
Hm tr v gi tr TRANSPARENT hoc OPAQUE, nu thnh cng.
Ngc li, gi tr tr v l zero.
d) xc lp v tr chui vn bn hin th da trn im gc nXStart,
nYStart:

UINT SetTextAlign(HDC hDC, UINT fMode);
fMode: TA_LEFT, TA_RIGHT, TA_CENTER, TA_TOP,
TA_BOTTOM, TA_BASELINE, TA_UPDATE
e) bit ch canh l vn bn hin ti, ta dng hm :
UINT GetTextAlign(HDC hDC);
Nu thnh cng, hm tr v c tng ng ca canh l vn bn hin
hnh. Ngc li, gi tr tr v l GDI_ERROR.
f) thay i khong cch gia cc k t:
int SetTextCharacterExtra(HDC hDC, int nCharExtra);
Nu thnh cng, hm tr v khong cch trc khi c thit lp.
Ngc li, gi tr tr v l 0x80000000.
g) bit khong cch hin ti, ta dng hm :
int GetTextCharacterExtra(HDC hDC);
Nu thnh cng, gi tr tr v cho bit khong cch hin ti. Ngc li,
gi tr tr v l 0x80000000.
3. S dng font
Lp ch s font ch.
Np font ch.
Gn ch s font ch cho ng cnh thit b.
i vi Font ch mc nh (h thng):S dng cc font ch Windows
ang s dng.
MACRO FONT
ANSI_FIXED_FONT Font vi kch thc c nh ca k t da
trn Windows. Font Courier l mt v d
in hnh ca dng font ny.
ANSI_VAR_FONT Font vi rng k t thay i da trn cc
k t chun ca Windows. Font MS San
Serif l mt v d in hnh.
DEVICE_DEFAULT_FONT Font vi thit b cho c chn mc
nhin. Dng font ny thng co sn trong h
thng iu khin vic trnh by trn thit

b. Tuy nhin, i vi mt s thit b, font
c ci t ngay trn thit b. V d, i vi
my in, cc font thit b ci sn thc hin
thao tc in nhanh hn so vi vic load bitmap
nh v t my tnh.
DEFAULT_GUI_FONT Font ca giao din ha c thit lp mc
nh.
OEM_FIXED_FONT Font ch c nh, da trn b k t OEM. V
d, i vi my IBM, font OEM da trn
b k t IBM PC.
SYSTEM_FONT Font h thng ca Windows. c h iu
hnh dng trnh by cc thnh phn giao
din nh thanh tiu , menu, ni dung vn
bn trong cc hp thoi thng ip. Cc font
h thng ny lun c sn khi ci h iu
hnh, trong khi cc font khc cn phi ci
thm ty theo ng dng sau ny.
SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT Font Windows c s dng nh font h
thng trong cc phin bn trc 3.0.
Macro cc font nh ngha sn.
Np: HGDIOBJ GetStockObject(int fnObject) Nu thnh cng, tr
v handle font ch. Ngc li, gi tr tr v l NULL.
Trong , kiu HGDIOBJ l HFONT, bin fnObject l mt trong cc
macro bng trn.
Gn ch s cho DC: HGDIOBJ SelectObject(HDC hDC, HGDIOBJ
hGDIObj) Tr v handle font ch va s dng trc, li tr v
GDI_ERROR
Hoc gn hn, ta c th gi :
SelectObject(hDC.GetStockObject(fnObject));
DeleteObject (i tng): hy.
V d:
HFONT hfnt, hOldFont;
hfnt = GetStockObject(ANSI_VAR_FONT);
if (hOldFont = SelectObject(hdc, hfnt))
{

TextOut(hdc, 10, 50, "Sample ANSI_VAR_FONT text.", 26);
SelectObject(hdc, hOldFont);
}
Xc nh kch thc font
BOOL GetTextMetrics(HDC hdc, LPTEXTMETRIC lptm);
typedef struct tagTEXTMETRIC // tm
{
LONG tmHeight;
LONG tmAscent;
LONG tmDescent;
LONG tmInternalLeading;
LONG tmExternalLeading;
LONG tmAveCharWidth;
LONG tmMaxCharWidth;
LONG tmWeight;
LONG tmOverhang;
LONG tmDigitizedAspectX;
LONG tmDigitizedAspectY;
BCHAR tmFirstChar;
BCHAR tmLastChar;
BCHAR tmDefaultChar;
BCHAR tmBreakChar;
BYTE tmItalic;
BYTE tmUnderlined;
BYTE tmStruckOut;
BYTE tmPitchAndFamily;
BYTE tmCharSet;
} TEXTMETRIC;

Cu trc TEXTMETRIC gm 20 thnh phn, mt s thnh phn quan
trng gm:
tmHeight: Chiu cao k t tnh bng pixel.
tmInternalLeading: Vng cha du trng m.
tmExternalLeading: Khng gian gia 2 dng.
tmAveCharWidth: B rng trung bnh mi k t.
tmPitchAndFamily: H ca font (8 bit).
V d:
static int cxchar, cychar;

TEXTMETRIC tm;
case WM_CREATE:
{
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm);
cxchar=tm.tmInternalLeading+tm.tmExternal;
cychar=tm.tmAveCharWidth;
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
return 0;
}
case WM_PAINT:
{
for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
TextOut(hdc, cxchar, cychar*i, aaa, 3);
}
Tnh di ca xu k t
Cc k t hin th c b rng khc nhau do vy khng nn dng
hm strlen() ly s k t di.
Dng hm: BOOL GetTextExtentPoint32 (HDC hdc, LPCSTR
lpszString, int len, LPSIZE lpSize);
typedef struct tagSIZE
{
long cx;
long cy; //Tnh theo n v logic
} SIZE;

len: Tng s k t.
To lp c tnh mi cho font ch
HFONT CreateFont (int Height, int Width, int Escapement, int Orientation,
int fnWeight, DWORD Italic, DWORD Underline, DWORD StrikeOut,
DWORD CharSet, DWORD outputPrecision, DWORD ClipPrecision,
DWORD Quality, DWORD PitchAndFamily, LPCSTR lpszFontName)
Vi:

PitchAndFamily: DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE
charSet: ANSI_CHARSET
outputPrecision: OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS
clipPrecision: CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS
Quality: DEFAULT_QUALITY
fnWeight: 0 1000 (thng thng l 400)
Tn Gi tr
FW_DONTCARE 0
FW_THIN 100
FW_EXTRALIGHT 200
FW_ULTRALIGHT 200
FW_LIGHT 300
FW_NORMAL 400
FW_REGULAR 400
FW_MEDIUM 500
Tn Gi tr
FW_SEMIBOLD 600
FW_DEMIBOLD 600
FW_BOLD 700
FW_EXTRABOLD 800
FW_ULTRABOLD 800
FW_HEAVY 900
FW_BLACK 900
Macro xc nh m nht lfWeight

Ti liu tham kho

[1] NG VN C: Lp trnh C trn Windows. Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc
K Thut 1998.
[2] NGUYN NH QUYN MAI XUN HNG: Gio trnh lp trnh C trn
Windows. Nh Xut Bn i Hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh 2003.
[3] MSDN 10/2001


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