SYLLABUS FOR THE SUBJECT OF AGRICULTURE

PAPER-I
Total Marks: 100
Natural resources (land, water, biological and climatic) of Pakistan and their impact on
crop production. Climatic factors and their relationship with crop growth processes like
photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration. Agro-ecological ones of Pakistan and
their features. !ry farming. "rganic farming for agricultural en#ironmental pollution
management. $se of bio-fertiliers, biopesticides and natural products. %iological N&
fi'ation and factors affecting biological N& fi'ation. (ource-sink relationships in crop
plants. )eed-crop interference* competition and allelopathic interactions.
+ole of Agri. ,'tension in current and future agriculture in Pakistan. -ethods and steps
to e#aluate e'tension acti#ities. .lobal o#er#iew of Agri. e'tension. /ypes, principles,
strategies and significance of audio-#isual aids in Agri. ,'tension.
0mportance, potential and principles of Agro-forestry. 1arious agro-forestry systems.
2orest products and utiliation features of range management in Pakistan. -a3or wildlife
species found in Pakistan, their morphological features, beha#iour and habitats.
National forest policy and other land use policies. %iodi#ersity, its conser#ation, threats
and losses, 0mpact of en#ironmental changes on biodi#ersity.
+ole of 0ndus %asin 0rrigation (ystem in the de#elopment of agriculture in Pakistan.
Current and future scope of farm mechaniation in Pakistan.
2ood processing and preser#ation. 2ood industries of Pakistan and their role in the
national economy. )/" implications to food business. 2ood analysis, contamination of
foods business. 2ood analysis, contamination of foods and its control measures.
Processing and uses of dairy products. %asic nutrition re4uirements of human body and
their relationship with nutrition related diseases.
0ndicators and issues of agriculture sector in Pakistan and their role in national
economy. 5and tenure systems and land reforms in Pakistan. Principles, ob3ecti#es and
functions of )/". +ole of 0/ in agriculture.
SUGGESTED READIGS
1. Afzal, M. 1977. farming in Pakistan. Acad. Sci., Islamabad, Pakistan.
2. Anderson, W.P. 1993. Weed Science Princiles. 2
nd
!". West P#b. $o. %&,
'SA.
3. Andre(, $.). 1993. Alied agric#lt#ral *esearc+, -o#ndations and
met+odolog.. West/ie( Press.
0. Arnon, I. 1992. Agric#lt#re in dr. lands, Princiles and Practices. !lse/ier Sci.
P#b., 1ondon, '2.
3. A(an, 4.A, 2553 elements of food Science and 6ec+nolog.. 'ni7tec+
comm#nications, -aisalabad, Pakistan.
8. Az+ar, 9.A. 1998. Pakistan Agric#lt#ral !conomics. %9-, Islamabad, Pakistan
7. 9onner, 4. 1993. Princiles of Plant P+.siolog.. 1
st
!d. W.:. freeman, %9-, San
-rancisco, 'SA.
;. 9.erlee, ". and 6. :#ssain. 1992. -arming S.stems of Pakistan. <ang#ard
9ooks, 1a+ore, Pakistan.
9. !ast(ood, M. 2553. Princiles of :#man %#trition. 9lack(ell Sci. Inc,, 1ondon,
'2.
15. -A). Agric#lt#ral !=tension, A reference man#al. *ome, Ital..
11. -itter, A.:. and P.2.M. :a.. 19;7. en/ironmental P+.siolog. of Plants. 2
nd
!d.
Acad. Press Inc., 1ondon, '2.
12. -razier, W.$. and ".$. West+off. 199;. -ood Microbiolog.. Mc>ra( :ill 9ook
$o., %&, 'SA.
13. >oP. 1983. -orest Polic. Statement. 1907795. All fi/e .ears lans. -ood ? Agri.
$omm. *eort, Pakistan
10. >reel., 9. 1933. -orest olic.. Min. -ood ? Agri,. >oP, Pakistan.
13. >re., 1., 4.M. *olfe and I. !dgington. 2553. 1i/ing -orests and -orestr. 8
t+
!d.
:olland.
18. :okins, >.:. 1999. Introd#ction to Plant P+.siolog.. 4o+n Wile. ? Sons, %&,
'SA.
17. :#nter, M.1.4r. 1998. -#ndamentals of conser/ation 9iolog.. 9lack(ell Sci. Inc.,
1ondon, '2.
1;. 2+an, A.:. 19;8. *#ral "e/eloment in Pakistan. <ang#ard 9ooks 1td., 1a+ore,
Pakistan.
19. 2+an, S.*.A. 2551. $ro Management in Pakistan Wit+ -oc#s on Soil and
Water. "irectorate of Agri. Info., 1a+ore, Pakistan.
25. 1andon, 2.$. and 4.P. 1andon. 199;. Management information S.stems, %e(
aroac+es to organizations and tec+nolog.. Prentice ? :all Int., 1ondon, '2.
21. Memon, *.A. and !. 9as+ir @eds.A 1993. !=tension Met+ods. %9-, Islamabad,
Pakistan.
22. %azir, M.S. 1990. $ro Prod#ction. @eds.A. !. 9as+ir and *. 9antel. %ational
9ook -o#ndation, Islamabad, Pakistan.
23. %ielson, S.S 2553. -ood Anal.sis 1aborator. Man#al. $+is 1td., 'SA.
20. Palaniaan and 2.Annad#rani. 2558. )rganic -arming 6+eor. and Practice.
Sci. P#bl., 4od+#r, India.
23. B#rais+i, M.A.A., 9.S. 2+an and S. &aCoob. 199;. *ange Management in
Pakistan 2azi P#bl., >anat *oad, 'rd# 9azar 1a+ore, Pakistan.
28. B#aris+i, M.A.A., S.M.A. Ba.#me and *.A. 2+an 2555. Practical Man#al of
Wildlife Management. <ol. I., "et. -orestr., *ange management and Wildlife,
'ni/. Agri. -aisalabad, Pakistan.
27. *afiC#e, M. 2553. Irrigation and "rainage Practices. 'ni/. Agri. -aisalabad,
Pakistan.
2;. *ees, %. and ". Watson 2555. International Standards for -ood Safet.. 2l#(er
Sci. P#b., %&, 'SA.
29. 6aiz and Dager. 2553. Plant P+.siolog.. 3
rd
Panima P#b. $ors., 9anglore, %e(
"el+i, India.
35. 6a+ir, A.*. and M.S. Sabir. 2553. -#ndamentals of tractor and Agric#lt#ral
Mac+iner.. 'ni/. Agri. -aisalabad, Pakistan.
31. <ernam, A.:. and S#t+erland 4.P. 1990. Milk and Milk Prod#cts, 6ec+nolog.,
$+emistr. and Microbiolog.. $+aman and :all, %&, 'SA.
32. Wallar, >.*. 19;7. Alleloc+emicalEs *ole in Agric#lt#re and -orestr.. A$S S.m.
Series 335. Am. $+em. Soc., Was+ington "$. 'SA.
33 W6). 1999. 6+e 1egal 6est, 6+e res#lts of t+e 'r#g#a. ro#nd of m#ltilateral
trade negotiations. $ambridge, '2.
PAPER-ll
Total Marks: 100
Concept of genetics. +ole of genetics in crop impro#ement. Chemical composition of
hereditary material. -olecular basis of genetic code. %asic control system in gene
e'pression. 1ariation-basis of plant breeding, its creation and e'ploitation. %reeding
strategies. %reeding methods of self, cross and ase'ually propagated crops. Process of
#ariety de#elopment.
Concept of modern breeding* doubled haploid breeding, marker-assisted breeding,
mutation breeding, heteroploid breeding, hybrid breeding and transgenic breeding.
1arious techni4ues of de#eloping transgenic plants and scope of transgenic plants in
plant breeding. 0mpact of culti#ation of transgenic crops on biodi#ersity. +ole of agri-
biotechnology in crop impro#ement. %reeding culti#ars for marginal lands. +ole of edible
oilseeds in agriculture and economy of Pakistan. !e#elopment of low erucic acid and
glucosinolate (double low) #arieties in rapeseed and mustard crops.
+esistance breeding. 6ost-plant genetic resistance. .enetic and physiological
mechanisms of stress tolerance in crop plants. -a3or insect pests of important
agricultural crops. Principles and methods of insect control. ,ntomological industries*
Apiculture, (ericulture and 5ac-culture. /ypes of agricultural pollution and its
management. -ode of action, haards and safety measures of insecticides. 0P- and
economics of pest management.
Causes, nature of losses and economic importance of plant diseases, and principles of
their control. ,conomic importance, transmission and control of plant #iruses. 1arious
methods to control and manage plant diseases. -ethods of screening of crop
germplasm for the sources of disease resistance. Physiological re4uirements and
problems in mushroom culti#ation. nutritional #alue of mushroom and remedial
measures of mushroom poisoning.
Classification, propagation, management practices and post har#est handling of
6orticultural crops. +ole of tissue culture in agriculture. Culti#ation, production, chemical
and pharmacological properties of medicinal plants. Propagation methods, management
practices and marketing of fruit and ornamental plants nurseries.
(oil formation and (oil profile. /ypes of soil, salt affected and waterlogged soils, and
their reclamation and management. 2actors affecting crop growth and growth
e'pression models. (ources and significance of organic matter in agriculture. (oil
fertility problems in Pakistani soils. 0ntegrated plant nutritional system. 7inds and le#els
of soil sur#ey, and application of .0( and remote sensing in soil sur#ey. /ypes, control
and management of soil erosion.
SUGGESTED READIGS
1. Agrios, >.%. 1993. Plant Pat+olog.. 0
t+
Acad. Press, %&, 'SA.
2. Anon.mo#s. 2552 Soil S#r/e. Man#al. 'S"A, 'ni/. Press of t+e Pacific,
Was+ington "$, 'SA.
3. Ar#ga, :. 1990. Princiles of Seric#lt#re. @6ranslated from 4aaneseA. )=ford ? I9:
P#b. $). P/t. 1td, %e( "el+i, India.
0. At(al, A.S. and S.S. 9ains. 2553. Agric#lt#ral Pests of So#t+east Asia and t+eir
Management. 2al.ani P#bl., 1#d+iana, India.
3. 9as+ir, !. and *. 9antel @edsA. 1998. Soil Science. %9-, Islamabad, Pakistan.
6. 9rad., %.$. and *.*. Weil. 2552. 6+e %at#re and Proerties of Soils. 13
t+
!d.
Prentice :all Inc., 'er Saddle *i/er, %4, 'SA.
7. 9rooker, *.4 2553. >enetics, Anal.sis and Princiles. 2
nd
!d. Mc>ra( :ill, %&, 'SA.
;. 9ro(n, 6.A. 2555. !ssential Molec#lar 9iolog., A ractical aroac+. <ol. I ? II.
)=ford 'ni/. Press, %&, 'SA.
9. $+a+al, >.S. and S.S. >osal. 2552 rinciles and roced#res of lant 9reeding,
9iotec+nological and con/entional aroac+es. Al+a Sci. Int. 1td., '2.
15. $+ang, S.6. and W.A :a.es. 197;. 6+e biolog. and $#lti/ation of !dible
M#s+rooms. Acad. Press, %&, 'SA.
11. !lzinga, *.6. 2553 f#ndamentals of !ntomolog.. Prentice :all, 1ondon, '2.
12. >rie/e, M. 1992. A Modern :erbal. 6iger 9ook Int., '2.
13. >riffit+s, A.4.- 4.:. Miller, ".6. S#z#ki, *.$. 1e(ontin and W.M. >elbart. 2553. An
Introd#ction to >enetic Anal.sis. W.:. -reeman ? $o., %.&., 'SA.
14. :e.ne, !.> @edA. 19;7. W+eat and W+eat Imro/ement. 2
nd
!d. ASA, $SSA and
SSSA.. Agronom. Monogra+ 13, Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisconsin, 'SA.
13. 4os+i, S.>. 2555. Medicinal Plants. )=ford ? I9: P#b. $o. P/t. 1td, %e( "el+i,
India.
18. 2+alid, S. 1999. *esearc+ on Plant <irolog.. APS Press. 6+e Am. P+.toat+ol.
Soc., St. Pa#l., 'SA.
17. 2+an, M.A. @edA. 1990. Plant 9reeding. %9-, Islamabad, Pakistan.
18. 2l#g, W.S. and M.*. $#mmings. 2553. $oncets of >enetics. 7
t+
!d. Pearson !d#.,
Singaore.
19. 1oodis+, :. 2550. Molec#lar $ell 9iolog.. 3
t+
!d. 4o+n Wile. ? Sons, %&, 'SA.
25. 1#cas, 4.A. 199;. Plant at+olog. and Plant Pat+ogens. 9lack(ell Sci., 'SA.
21. Malik, M.%. 1990 :ortic#lt#re. %9-, Islamabad, Pakistan.
22. Mengel, 2. and !.A. 2irkb.. 2551. Princiles of Plant %#trition. 3
t+
!d. 2l#(er Acad.
P#bl., "ordrec+t, 6+e %et+erlands.
23. %aier, 6.A. 2555. Soil and Water $onser/ation Policies, S#ccesses and fail#res.
$*$ Press, 9oca *aton, -1, 'SA.
24. %./all, *.-. 19;9. -ield $ro "iseases :andbook. A<I P#b. $o., %&, 'SA.
25. Panda, %. and >.S. 2+#s+. 1993. :ost Plant *esistance to Insects. I**I, Printed
and 9o#nd in '2, 9iddles 1td. >#ildford, '2.
26. Poe+lman, 4.M. and A.". Sleer. 1993. 9reeding -ield $ros. 0
t+
!d. lo(a State
'ni/. Press, Ames, 'SA.
27. *azdan, M.2. @edA. 2553. Introd#ction to Plant 6iss#e $#lt#re. 2
nd
!d. Intercet, %&,
'SA.
28. *obbelem, >. and *.2. "o(ne.. 1995. )il $ros of t+e World, t+eir breeding and
#tilization . Mc>ra( :ill P#b. $o., %&, 'SA.
29. Saleem, M.A. and M. As+faC. 2550. !n/ironmental Poll#tion and Agric#lt#re. 9.D.
'ni/. Press, M#ltan, Pakistan.
30. Sing+, 9.". 2553. Plant 9reeding, Princiles and Met+ods. 2al.ani P#bl., %e(
"el+i, India.
31. S+a+, :.A and M.A. Saleem. 2552. Alied !ntomolog.. 2
nd
!d. Iz+ar Sons Printers,
1a+ore, Pakistan.
32. Soil S#r/e. of Pakistan *eorts, Pakistan.