Fluids

 Blood volume
o Preterm 100 ml/kg
o Newborn 85 ml/kg
o Up to 2y 75 ml/kg
o 2-puberty 70 ml/kg
 Maintenance use the rule 4-2-1, add the deficit using the same rule from NPO
and replace it 50% in the first hr, and the rest in the nest 2 hrs
 Glucose requirement for neonate 4-6 mg/kg/min
 D10W 100mg/ml of glucose
 Dehydration
o Based on body wt in infant 5% mild, 10% mod, 15% severe
o >15 kg 3% mild, 6% mod, 9% severe
 Clinical signs
Mild mod severe
Urine   anuria
Mucosa slight dry Dry parched
Fontanel N sunken marked sunken
Eye N sunken marked sunken
Skin turgor N  tenting
Skin Temp N cool cool, mottled
Pulse full rapid rapid and weak
BP N N or  shock

 Blood transfusion use MABL (maximum allowable blood loss)

o EBV X (Pt Hct – minimum acceptable Hct)/Pt Hct