CHNG I : TNG QUAN

I. L THUYT V CHNG CT
1.Khi nim
Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca mt hn hp lng cng nh hn
hp kh lng thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t
trong hn hp (ngha l khi cng mt nhit , p sut hi bo ha ca cc cu t
khc nhau).
Thay v a vo trong hn hp mt pha mi to nn s tip xc gia hai pha nh
trong qu trnh hp thu hoc nh kh, trong qu trnh chng ct pha mi c to nn
bng s bc hi hoc ngng t.
Trong trng hp n gin nht, chng ct v c c khng khc g nhau, tuy nhin
gia hai qu trnh ny c mt ranh gii c bn l trong qu trnh chng ct dung mi
v cht tan u bay hi (ngha l cc cu t u hin din trong c hai pha nhng vi t
l khc nhau), cn trong qu trnh c c th ch c dung mi bay hi cn cht tan
khng bay hi.
Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th bao nhiu cu t s thu c
by nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin ch c 2 cu t th ta thu c 2 sn phm:
-Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln v mt phn rt t cc cu t c
bay hi b.
- Sn phm y ch yu gm cu t c bay hi b v mt phn rt t cu t c
bay hi ln.
Cc phng php chng ct c phn loi theo:
- p sut lm vic: chng ct p sut thp, p sut thng v p sut cao. Nguyn
tc ca phng php ny l da vo nhit si ca cc cu t, nu nhit si
ca cc cu t qu cao th ta gim p sut lm vic gim nhit si ca cc cu
t.
- Nguyn l lm vic: lin tc, gin on(chng n gin).
- Chng ct n gin(gin on): phng php ny c s dng trong cc trng
hp sau:
+ Khi nhit si ca cc cu t khc xa nhau.
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+ Khng i hi sn phm c tinh khit cao.

+ Tch hn hp lng ra khi tp cht khng bay hi.
+ tch s b hn hp nhiu cu t.
- chng ct hn hp hai cu t (dng thit b hot ng lin tc) l qu trnh c
thc hin lin tc, nghch dng , nhiu on.
- phng php cp nhit y thp: cp nhit trc tip bng hoi nc , th ng2
c p dng cho trng hp cht c tch khng tan trong nc.
Vy: i vi h Nc Axit axetic, ta chn phng php chng ct lin tc cp nhit
gin tip bng ni un p sut thng.
2.Thit b chng ct
Trong sn xut thng dng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin hnh chng ct. Tuy
nhin yu cu c bn chung ca cc thit b vn ging nhau ngha l din tch b mt
tip xc pha phi ln, iu ny ph thuc vo mc phn tn ca mt lu cht ny
vo lu cht kia. Nu pha kh phn tn vo pha lng ta c cc loi thp mm, nu pha
lng phn tn vo pha kh ta c thp chm, thp phun, y ta kho st 2 loi
thng dng l thp mm v thp chm.
-Thp mm: thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu to
khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha hi c cho tip xc vi nhau. Ty theo cu to
ca a, ta c:
Thp mm chp : trn mm b tr c chp dng trn, xupap, ch s, c rnh xung
quanh pha kh i qua v ng chy chuyn c hnh trn.
-Thp mm xuyn l: trn mm c nhiu l hay rnh
-Thp chm (thp m): thp hnh tr, gm nhiu bc ni vi nhau bng mt bch
hay hn. Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp ngu nhin
hay xp th t.
So snh u nhc im ca cc loi thp:

u
im

Thp chm

Thp mm xuyn l

Thp mm chp

- Cu to kh n gin.

- Tr lc tng i
thp.

- Kh n nh.

- Tr lc thp.
- Lm vic c vi cht lng

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- Hiu sut cao

- Hiu sut kh cao.

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bn nu dng m cu c
ca cht lng.

- Lm vic c vi
cht lng bn.

- Do c hiu ng thnh hiu

sut truyn khi thp.

- Kt cu kh phc tp.

- n nh khng cao, kh
vn hnh.

- C tr lc ln.
- Tiu tn nhiu
vt t, kt cu
phc tp.

Nhc
- Do c hiu ng thnh khi
im
tng nng sut th hiu ng
thnh tng kh tng nng
sut.
- Thit b kh nng n.

Vy ta s dng thp mm chp chng ct hn hp AXIT AXETIC NC

II.GII THIU S B V TNH CHT NGUYN LIU
1.Axit axetic
Axit axetic l mt loi axit quan trng trong cc loi axit hu c, n r nn c s dng
rng ri v l ha cht c bn iu ch nhiu hp cht quan trng. Axit axetic c ng
dng rng trong cc ngnh:
Lm dm n (dm n cha 4,5% axit axetic).
Lm ng c nha m cao su.
Lm cht do t si xenluloza axetat lm phim nh khng nhy la.
Lm cht nha kt dnh polyvinyl axetat.
Lm cc phm mu, dc phm, nc hoa tng hp.
Axetat nhm dng lm cht cn mu (mordant trong ngh nhum)
Phn ln cc ester axetat u l cc dung mi, th d: izoamyl axetat ha tan
c nhiu loi nha xenluloza.
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2.Nc
Trong iu kin bnh thng: nc l cht lng khng mu, khng mi, khng v
nhng khi nc dy s c mu xanh nht.
Nc l hp cht chim phn ln trn tri t (3/4 din tch tri t l nc bin) v rt
cn thit cho s sng.
Nc l dung mi phn cc mnh, c kh nng ho tan nhiu cht v l dung mi
rt quan trng trong k thut ha hc.
3. Hn hp Acid acetic Nc
Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x) hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp Acid acetic Nc 760 mmHg:
x(%phn
mol)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

y(%phn
mol)

9.2

16.7

30.3

42.5

53

62.6

71.6

79.5

86.4

93

100

t(0C)

118.
4

115.
4

113.
8

110.
1

107.
5

105.
8

104.
4

103.
3

102.
1

101.
3

100.
6

100

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100

HeN
c- Acetic
y % (mol)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

x% (mol)

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100

Hnh12: Gin x - y ca h Axit axetic - Nc

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118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Hnh 2: Gin T x,y ca h Axit axeticNc

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III.CNG NGH CHNG CT NC ACID ACETIC

1.S quy trnh cng ngh chng ct h hai cu t nc acid acetic
Ch thch
1.

Bn cha nguyn liu.

2.

Bm.

3.

Thit b gia nhit nhp liu.

4.

Lu lng k.

5.

Thp chng ct

6.

Thit b ngng t sn phm nh.

7.

Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh.

8.

Bn cha sn phm nh.

9.

Thit b un si y thp.

10. By hi.
11. Thit b lm ngui sn phm y.
12. Bn cha sn phm y.
13. Van.
14. B phn chia dng.
2.thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
Hn hp Nc Axit axetic c nng nc 35% (theo phn khi lng), nhit
khong 270C ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1) c bm (2) bm vo thit b gia nhit(3).
Ti y dng nhp liu c gia nhit n nhit si trong thit b truyn nhit ng
chm. Sau hn hp c a vo thp chng ct (5) a nhp liu v bt u qu
trnh chng ct. Lu lng dng nhp liu c kim sot qua lu lng k (4). Trn
a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on luyn ca thp chy xung.
Trong thp, hi i t di ln gp cht lng t trn xung. y, c s tip xc v
trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung
di cng gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni un (9)
li cun cu t d bay hi. Nhit cng ln trn cng thp, nn khi hi i qua cc a
t di ln th cu t c nhit si cao l axit axetic s ngng t li, cui cng trn
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nh thp ta thu c hn hp c cu t nc chim nhiu nht (c nng 90% phn

khi lng). Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t (6) v c ngng t hon ton. Mt
phn ca cht lng ngng t i qua thit b lm ngui sn phm nh (7), c lm
ngui bng thit b trao i nhit ng lng ng (7) ri a qua bn cha sn phm
nh (8). Phn cn li ca cht lng ngng t c hon lu v thp a trn cng vi
t s hi lu thch hp v c kim sot bng lu lng k (4). Cui cng y thp
ta thu c hn hp lng hu ht l cu t kh bay hi (axit acetic). Hn hp y c
nng Axit acetic 96% phn khi lng, cn li l nc. Dung dch lng y i ra
khi thp vo ni un (9). Trong ni un dung dch lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp
li cho thp tip tc lm vic, phn cn li ra khi ni un c cho qua thit b lm
ngui sn phm y (11) ri sau vo bn cha sn phm y. H thng lm vic
lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l nc, sn phm y l Axit acetic.

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CHNG II: CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG

I.CC THNG S BAN U
Chn loi thp l thp chp
Khi chng luyn dung dch axit axetic th cu t d bay hi l nc.
Axit axetic: CH 3COOH M A 60 ( g / mol)
Nuoc : H 2 O M N 18 ( g / mol)

Hn hp:

Nng sut nhp liu: GF = 45000 (tn/nm) = 5136.98 (kg/h)

Nng nhp liu: xF = 0.35 (kg nc/ kg hn hp)
Nng sn phm nh: xD = 0.9 (kg nc/ kg hn hp)
Nng sn phm y: xW = 0.04 (kg nc/ kg hn hp)
Chn:
Nhit nhp liu: tF = 101.55 oC
Nhit sn phm nh: tD = 101.02 oC
Nhit sn phm y sau khi trao i nhit: tW = 111.87oC
Trng thi nhp liu: lng, si.

Cc k hiu:
GF, F: sut lng nhp liu tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
GD, D: sut lng sn phm nh tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
GW, W: sut lng sn phm y tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
xi, xi : nng phn mol, phn khi lng ca cu t i.

II.XC NH SUT LNG SN PHM NH V SN PHM Y THU

C
Ta c, phng trnh cn bng vt liu:
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F = D + W (1)
i vi cu t d bay hi : F.xF = D.xD + W.xW (2)
T (1) v (2) , suy ra h phng trnh
{

(*)

Chuyn phn khi lng sang phn mol:

xF
0,35
MN
18
xF

0,642
xF 1 xF
0,35 1 0,35

18
60
MN
MA

xW
0,04
MN
18
xW

0,122
xW 1 xW
0,04 1 0,04

18
60
MN
MA
xD
0,9
MN
18
xD

0,968
xD 1 xD
0,9 1 0,9

18
60
MN
MA

Phn t lng trung bnh ca cc dng:

M tbF = xF. MN + (1 xF). MA = 0.642.18+(1-0.642)=33,036
MtbD = xD. MN + (1 xD). MA =0.968.18+(1-0.968).60=19,344
MtbW = xW. MN + (1 xW). MA =0,122.18 +(1-0,122).60=54,876
Sut lng mol ca dng nhp liu:
F

GF
5136 ,98

155 ,5 (kmol/h)
M tbF
33,036

Th xF ,xD ,xw vo h phng trnh (*)

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{
Sut lng dng sn phm nh v y (kg/h):
GD =D.MtbD =95,6 .19,344=1849.3 (kg/h)
GW =W.MtbW =60.54,876=3292,6 (kg/h)

Xut lng mol tng i ca dng nhp liu :

x D xW
0,968 0,122

1,627 (kg / h)
x F xW
0,642 0,122

Vy:
Nng sut sn phm y: GD =1849,3(kg/h)
Nng sut sn phm y :GW =3292,6 (kg/h)
Sut lng mol nhp liu :F=155,5(kmol/h)
Sut lng mol sn phm nh:D=95,6 (kmol/h)
Sut lng mol sn phm y : W=60 (kmol/h)
III.XC NH CH S HI LU LM VIC
1.t s hi lu ti thiu

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t s hi lu ti thiu l ch lm vic m ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l

v cc.Do ,chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh (nhin
liu,nc,bm,) l ti thiu.
Do nhp liu trng thi bo ha, nn Rmin c xc nh nh sau:
R min

x D y F*
y F* x F

Trong :
xD :phn mol cu t d bay hi sn phm nh
xF:phn mol cu t d bay hi trong hn hp u
y*F :nng cu t d bay hi trong pha hi cn bng vi xF
Ta c :xF =0,642 (% mol) => y*F=0,75
Rmin=1,39
2.t s hi lu thch hp
phng trnh nng lm vic ca on ct:
y=
phng trnh nng lm vic ca on chng:
y=
Ta c bng sau:
Ri=b.Rmin , trong :h s d b=1,32,5
Vi cc gi tr Ri > Rmin ta tm c cc gi tr tung Bi tng ng:
Bi =
f

xD xW
0,9 0,122

1,496 (kg / h)
xF xW 0,642 0,122

Ri

Bi

Ni

Ni (Ri +1)

Ychng

Yct

1,3

2,625

0,267

22

79,75

1,173x - 0,021

0,724x + 0,267

1,5

3,029

0,240

19

76,551

1,155x - 0,019

0,752x + 0,240

1,7

3,432

0,218

20

88,64

1,141x - 0,017

0,774x + 0,218

1,9

3,836

0,200

16

77,376

1,129x - 0,016

0,793x +0,200

2,1

4,239

0,185

16

83,824

1,119x - 0,015

0,809x +0,185

2,3

4,644

0,172

14

79,016

1,111x - 0,014

0,823x + 0,172

2,5

5,048

0,160

14

84,672

1,104x - 0,013

0,835x + 0,160

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V th quan h gia Ni (Ri +1) v Ri tm Rth

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

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10

0
0

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R=2,625
NLT =22

100

90

80

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50

40

30

20

10

0
0

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R=3,029
NLT =19

100

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80

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0
0
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R=3,432
NLT =20

100

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50

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10

0
0
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100
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R =3,836
NLT =16

100

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50

40

30

20

10

0
0
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R=4,239
NLT =16

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0
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R=4,644
NLT =14
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

R= 5,048,NLT=14
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T s ta chn ch s hi lu thch hp nht l:Rth =3,029

Vy: phng trnh lm vic on ct: y=0,752x + 0,240
Phng trnh lm vic on chng: y=1,155x 0,019
IV.XC NH S MN CA THP
1.xc nh s mn l thuyt
V th xc nh s mn l thuyt (gm ng cn bng,on chng,on ct)
T th:
Tng s mn l thuyt l: Nlt =19 mm, gm 8 mm chng v 11 mm ct
2.xc nh s mm thc t
S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh: NTT =
Trong :
TB:hiu sut trung bnh ca a,l mt hm s ca bay hi tng i v nht
ca hn hp lng (=f(,)).
NLT: s mm l thuyt.
NTT: s mm thc t
-

Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp TB

=
Ta c : lg hh=x1lg 1 +x2lg 2
* Ti v tr nhp liu: xF=0,642 y*F=0,75
F =

=1,673

Tra bng:I.101,trang 91[1]

tF= 101,55 oC nc =0,276(cP) axic=0,459(cP)
Suy ra:
lg F=xFlg nc +(1-xF) lg acid=0,642lg(0,276)+(1-0,642)lg(0,459)=-0,48
F=0,33(cp)
F. F=1,673.0,33=0,55
tra hnh IX trang 171,[2]
F=59%
* Ti v tr nh: xD=0,968 y*D=0,97
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D =

=1,07

Tra bng:I.101,trang 91[1]

tD= 101,02 oC nc =0,282(cP) axic=0,459(cP)
Suy ra:
lg D=xDlg nc +(1-xD) lg acid=0,968lg(0,282)+(1-0,968)lg(0,282)=-0,54
F=0,288(cp)
D. D=1,07.0,282=0,3
tra hnh IX trang 171,[2]
F=65%
* Ti v tr y: xW=0,122 y*D=0,2
W =

=1,799

Tra bng:I.101,trang 91[1]

tW= 111,87 oC nc =0,256(cP) axic=0,4(cP)
Suy ra:
lg W=xWlg nc +(1-xW) lg acid=0,122 lg(0,256)+(1-0,122) lg(0,4)=-0,42
W=0,38(cp)
W. W=1,799 .0,38=0,68
tra hnh IX trang 171,[2]
F=55%
Vy hiu sut trung bnh ca thp:
tb=
Xc nh s mm thc t:
S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh:
NTT =

=19/0,6=31

S mm chng: NTT chng=

S mm ct: NTT ct =
V.CN BNG NHIT CHO TON THP
Chn hi t l hi nc 2,5at
Tra bng 1.251, trang 314, [1]:
Nhit ha hi: rH O = rn = 2189500 (J/kg)
2

Nhit si: t H O = tn = 126,25 (oC)

2

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Dng sn phm ti y c nhit :

Trc khi vo ni un (lng): tS1 = 111,87 (oC)
Sau khi c un si (hi): tS2 = 112 (oC)
Cn bng nhit cho ton thp:
Q + GFhFS = (R+1) GDrD + GDhDS + GWhWS + Qm
Gi s Qm = 0,05Q 0,95Q = (R+1) GDrD + GW(hWS hFS) + GD(hDS hFS)
hFS = cF.tFS = [ x F cN (1 x F )cA ]tFS
hWS = cW.tWS = [ x W cN (1 x W )cA ]tWS
hDS = cD.tDS = [ x D cN (1 x D )cA ]tDS
rD = x D rN (1 x D )rA
Vi xF = 0,642 tFS = 101,55oC
xW = 0,122 tWS = 111,87oC
xD = 0,968 tDS = 101,02oC
VI.NHIT DUNG RING V ENTHALPY
Tra bng 1.249, trang 310, [1]
Nhit dung ring ca nc 101,55oC = 4,2201 (kJ/kg.K)
Nhit dung ring ca nc 101,02oC = 4,2220 (kJ/kg.K)
Nhit dung ring ca nc 111,87oC = 4,2365 (kJ/kg.K)
Tra bng 1.154, trang 172, [1]
Nhit dung ring ca axit axetic 101,55oC = 2,4300 (kJ/kg.K)
Nhit dung ring ca axit axetic 101,02oC = 2,4384 (kJ/kg.K)
Nhit dung ring ca axit axetic 111,87oC = 2,4935 (kJ/kg.K)
1.Enthalpy
hFS = (0,35 . 4,2201+ (1-0,35). 2,4308 ) . 101,55 = 310,4 (kJ/kg)
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 hWS = ( 0,04. 4,2220 + (1-0,04). 2,4384 ) . 101,02 = 253,5 (kJ/kg)

hDS = ( 0,9. 4,2365 +(1- 0,9). 2,4935 ) . 111,87 = 454,4 (kJ/kg)
2.Nhit ha hi
Tra bng 1.250, trang 312, [1]
Nhit ha hi ca nc 101,02oC = rN = 2257,65 (kJ/kg)
Dng ton 1.65, trang 255, [1]
Nhit ha hi ca axit axetic 101,02oC = rA = 421,68 (kJ/kg)
Tra bng 1.251, trang 314, [1]
Nhit ha hi ca nc 2,5 at = rH O = 2189,5 (kJ/kg)
2

Nn: rD = 0,9 . 2257,65 + (1-0,9). 421,68 = 2274,053 (kJ/kg)

Nhit lng cn cung cp:
Q =

( R 1)GD rD Gw (hws hFS ) GD (hDS hFS )

= 16350637,55(kJ/h)
0,95

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CHNG III : TNH THIT B CHNH

I. CHIU CAO THP

H = NTT * ( H + ) + ( 0.8 1.0 ) ( m )
Vi NTT : s a thc t = 44
: chiu dy ca mm, chn = 4 ( mm ) = 0.004 ( m )
H : khong cch gia cc mm ( m )
chn theo bng IX.4a,trang 169,[2]
H = 0.5 ( m )
( 0.8 1.0 ) : khong cch cho php nh v y thp
H = 31.( 0,5 + 0,004 ) + 1 = 16,624 ( m )
II.TNH NG KNH THP
Dt

4Vtb
g tb
0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb

(m) (trang181,[2])
2

( y . y )tb :tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (kg/m s)

gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (Kg/h).

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau.Do , ng
knh on chng v on ct cng khc nhau .
1.ng knh on ct
a .khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn ct
xC

xD xF 0,968 0,642
= 0,805 (mol nc/ mol hn hp)

2
2

TL=100,3OC
Nng trung bnh ca pha lng trong phn luyn:
DH11H1

Trang 24

Ta bng I.249,trang311,[1]
Tra bng 1.249, trang 310, [1]
Khi lng ring ca nc 101,02oC: NL = 958,178 (kg/m3)
Tra bng 1.2, trang 9, [1]
Khi lng ring ca axit axetic 101,02oC: A = 958 (kg/m3)
p dng trong cng thc (1.2), trang 5, [1]:
1

LL

xC

1 xC

0,625
1 0,625

LL = 958 (kg/m3)
958 ,178
958

b.khi lng trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn ct

Nng trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn luyn:
yL = 0,76xL + 0,23 = 0,76 . 0,805 + 0,23 = 0,842
Nhit trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn luyn: TH = 101,08 (oC)
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn luyn:

L =

kg/m3)

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm chp c ng chy truyn:

gh 0,05 .

958
=1.73(m/s)
0 .8

trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

y 0,8. gh 0,8.1.73 = 1,38(m/s)

c.Lng hi trung bnh i trong on ct:

DH11H1

Trang 25

g tb

g D g1
(Kg/h)
2
gD: lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).
g1 : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct (Kg/h).

Xc nh gD :
Ta c:GD=D.MtbD =1849,3(kg/h)
gD= D.(RTH+1) =1849,3(3,029+1) =6703,7 (kg/h)

Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :

g1 G1 D

g1. y1 G1.x1 D.
g .r g .r
d d
1 1

(I)

Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct .

r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on ct
rd : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra nh thp .

Ta c:{
* Tnh r1 :
tF = 101,55oC , Tra bng 1.251, trang 314, [1] v trang256,[1] ta c:
n nhit ho hi ca nc : rFN = 40617,05 (KJ/kg) .
n nhit ho hi ca axit : rFA = 24855,65 (KJ/kmol)
Suy ra : r1 = rFN.y1 + (1-y1).rFA = 24855,65 + 15716,4 y1 (KJ/mol)
* Tnh rd :
DH11H1

Trang 26

tD = 101.02oC , Tra bng 1.251, trang 314 [1]v trang 256,[1] ta c:

n nhit ho hi ca nc : rDnc = 40698,62(KJ/kmol) .
n nhit ho hi ca axit : rDacid=24898,54(KJ/kmol)
YD =0,97
Suy ra : rD = rDnc.yD + (1-yD).rDacid
=40698,62 .0,97+ (1- 0,97) .24898,54 = 40224,62(KJ/kmol)
* x1 = xF = 0,642 y1=0,75
M1TB=28,5
r1=36676,7

Gii h (III.1) , ta c : {

Vy : gtb =

(Kg/h)

Vy ng knh on ct:
DC=0,0188

2.ng knh on chng:

2.1 khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng trong phn chng.
- Nng mol trung bnh ca pha lng trong phn chng:
= 0,382 (molacid/mol hn hp)

Xc =
-

Nhit trung bnh ca pha lng trong phn chng: TLC= 106,1 (o C )
Nng phn khi lng trung bnh ca pha lng trong phn chng:
=

Tra bng (I.249), trang 311, [1]

Khi lng ring ca nc 106,1 (oC ):
DH11H1

N=955,3

(kg/m3)
Trang 27

Tra bng (I .2), trang 9,[1]

Khi lng ring ca acid 106,1(oC):

=942 (kg/m3 )

p dng trong cng thc (1.2), trang 5, [1]:

1

LC

xC

1 xC

0,195 1 0,195

=1,06.10-3
955 ,3
942

3
LC =944,56(kg/m )

2.2. khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn chng.

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm chp c ng chy chuyn :

L
H

gh 0.05.

Vi:
:khi lng trung bnh ca pha lng (kg/m3)

:khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (kg/m3)

Xc nh:
Ytb =

=0,475

Nhit chung bnh ca on chng:

ttb=

(OC)

Vy ta c:
=

=1,285 (kg/m3 )

:
DH11H1

Trang 28

Nng phn mol trung bnh:

xtb=

=0,545

xtb =

= 0,26

= 106,7 (oC), tra bng trang 9,[1]

Khi lng ring ca nc 106.7(oC)
Khi lng ring ca acid 106.7(oC)

= 934,58

= 946,41(kg/m3 ).
= 930,15(kg/m3 ).

=1,07.103

(kg/m3 ).

Suy ra :

gh 0.05.

934,58
1,35(m / s)
1,285

trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh:

= 0,8.

=0,8. 1,35 =1,08 (m/s)

2.3 Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp.

g

tb

g , n g ,1

(Kg/h)
2

gn : lng hi ra khi on chng (Kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vo on chng (Kg/h).
- Xc nh gn : gn = g1 =7352,18 (kg/h)
- Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
DH11H1

Trang 29

G '1 g '1 W
'
'
G 1.x'1 g 1. yW W .xW
g ' .r ' g ' .r ' g .r
n
n
1 1
1 1

(II)

Vi :
G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng .
r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on chng.
* Tnh r1 : xW =0,122 tra th cn bng ca h ta c : yW =0,2
Suy ra :M2tb =51,6(Kg/kmol)
t1 = tW = 111,87oC Tra bng 1.251, trang 314[1] v trang 256, [1]
n nhit ho hi ca nc : rN1 = 40131,23(KJ/kmol) .
n nhit ho hi ca axit : ra1 = 24549,16 (KJ/kmol) .
* Suy ra : r1 = rn1.yW + (1-yW).ra1
=0,2. 40131,23 +(1-0,2).24549,16=27665,57 (KJ/kmol)
* Tnh r1:
Vi y 1 =yw =0,75
r1 = rN1. y1+(1-y1)ra1 =24855,65+15761,4 y 1=36676,7(kJ/mol)
Giai h phng trnh (II):
g '1 9746,9(kg / h)

G '1 13039,46(kg / h)
y ' 0,2
1

Vy :

=8549,54 (kg/h)

ng knh on chng :
DCH = 0,0188

DH11H1

= 1,48 (m)

Trang 30

Kt lun : ng knh ca on chng v ct c chnh lch, thun tin trong thit

k ta chn ng knh thp l : D = 1,5 (m).
III. Tr lc ca thp
1.Tnh ton chp
- Chn ng knh ng hi dh =75( mm ) =0,075 ( m )
- S chp phn b trn a :
D2
1,5 2
n = 0.1 * 2 = 0.1 *
= 40 ( chp )
0.075 2
dh

Chn s chp phn b trn a : n = 40 chp

( D : ng knh trong ca thp )
-

Chiu cao chp pha trn ng dn hi :

h2 = 0.25 * dh = 0,25.0,075=18,75 ( m )

*ng knh chp:

dch =

d h2 (d h 2 * ch ) 2

ch : chiu dy chp, chn bng 2 ( mm )

2
2
dch = (0,075 (0,075 2 * 0,002) = 109(mm)

Khong cch t mt a n chn chp :

S = 0 25 ( mm ), chn S = 12,5 ( mm )

Chiu cao mc cht lng trn khe chp:

h1= 1540 (mm), chn h1=30 (mm)
Chiu cao ng dn hi: chn hh= 80 (mm)
Chiu cao chp: hch = hh + h2= 80+18,75=98,75 (mm)
Bc ti thiu ca chop trn mm:
tmin=dch+2
+I 2
I2:khong cch nh nht gia cc chp.
I2=12,5+0,25.dch= 12,5+0,25.109=39,75 (mm)
Chn I2= 40(mm)

DH11H1

Trang 31

tmin=109+2.2+40 = 153(mm)
Tit din thp:
F=

= 1,766 (m)

Lu lng hi trung bnh i trong thp :

QH = Vy =( gtb + gtb)/( H + H )=

=7471,2 (m3/h)

Chiu cao khe chp :

b = (.2y.Htb)/ (g.Ltb )
: h s tr lc ca a chp = 1.5 2 , chn = 2
y = ( 4Vy )/ ( 3600 d2h.n ) = (4.7471,2)/(3600.0,0752.40) = 11,7 (m/s)

=1,035(kg/m3)

b=

=946,29(kg/h)
=0,031(m)=31(mm)

= 0,02 ( m )
-

S lng khe h ca mi chp :

d h2
i = /c.( dch
)
4b

c = 3 4 mm ( khong cch gia cc khe ) , chn c = 3 ( mm )

i = 3.14/3.( 109-

75 2
) = 77( khe )
4.40

Chn i = 77 ( khe )
-

Tit din ng hi:

Srj = S1= * dh2,t /4 = 3.14*0.0752 =4,41.10-3 (m2)

Tit din hnh vnh khn :

DH11H1

Trang 32

Saj = S2 = *( d2ch - d2h )/4 = 3.14*(0.1092 - 0.0752)/4

= 4,91.10-3 (m2 )
-

Tng din tch cc khe chp :

S3 = i.a.b = 77*0.002*0.031 =4,774.10-3 (m2)

Tit din l m trn ng hi :

S4 = .dh.h2 = 3.14 * 0,075*0,01875
= 4,41.10-3( m2 )

L tho lng :
Tit din ct ngang ca thp F = 1,766(m2 )

C 1 m2 chn 4 cm2 l tho lng . Do tng din tch l tho lng trn mt
mm l:
1,766 *4 /1 = 7,064( cm2)
Chn ng knh l tho lng l 7,5mm = 0.75cm
Nn s l tho lng cn thit trn mt mm l :

l
-

Kim tra khong cch ti thiu gia cc mm l:

hmin= 23300
.(
) = 23300
= 0,038(m)
vy khong cch gia cc mm l 0.5(m) l hp l.
m l chp hs :
y
hs = 7.55*

y
x

=7,55(

1/ 3

2/ 3 V
* H s * G
Ss

)1/3 .(31)2/3.(

2/ 3

)2/3=37,6(mm)

Vy = 7423,85/3600 = 2,06(m3/s)
Ss = n * S3= 40*4,774.10-3= 0,19(m2)

DH11H1

Trang 33

2. Tnh cho ng chy chuyn:

- Lng lng trung bnh i trong thp :
GL= (G1 .MtbG + G1 .MtbG)/2 = ( 96,676.21,363 + 67,934.21,0643)/2 = 1748,13
(kg/h)
-

Khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng i trong thp :

=( LL + LC )/2 = 946,29 (kg/m3)
z : s ng chy chuyn , chn z = 1
c : tc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn , c = 0.1 0.2 ( m/s )
chn c = 0,15( m/s )

ng knh ng chy chuyn :

dc =

4G L
=
.3600.z. Ltb .c

= 0,15(m)=150(mm)

Chn dc = 150 (mm)

-

Khong cch t mm n ng chy chuyn :

h3 =0,25dc=0,25.0,15=0,0375(m)

- B dy ca ng chy chuyn :c = 0,002 (m)

-

Khong cch t tm ng chy chuyn n tm chp gn nht :

t1 = dc/2 + c + dch +ch + I1

I1 : khong cch nh nht gia chp v ng chy chuyn

Chn I1 = 75 ( mm )
t1 = 150/2 + 2 + 109+ 2 + 75=263(mm)=0,263(m)

Lu lng th tch trung bnh i trong thp:

QL = VL = GL / Ltb = 9251/946,29 = 9,7 (m3/h)

Chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm :

hm = h1 + ( S + hsr + b )

DH11H1

Trang 34

.1.

= 30 + 12.5 + 5 + 20
= 78.5 (mm)
hsr : khong cch t mp di ca chp n mp di ca khe chp
chn hsr = 5 mm

Chiu cao mc cht lng bn trn g chy trn :

h =

)2 =20(mm)

3.tnh tn tht p sut qua ton thp

3.1Gradient chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm :
= Cg * ' *nh
- Din tch ca ng chy chuyn Sd = 10%.F =0,1. 1,766 = 0,1766(m2)
-

Khong cch gia hai g chy trn L = 1117(mm)

- Din tch gia hai g chy trn :

A = F - 2Sd = 1,766 -2.0,1766 = 1,413 (m2)
-

Chiu rng trung bnh : Bm =

H s iu chnh tc pha kh Cg ph thuc hai gi tr :

+ x = 1,34.

=1,34.9,7/1,265 = 10,2 (m)

+ 0.82* v*
Vi v=

4.Vy
.D

(m)

= 0,82.1,166.

= 0,97

4.2,06
1,166 (m / s )
3,14.1,5 2

Tra th hnh 5.10 trang 111 [3] c

Cg = 0,69
Gi tr 4. ' tra t hnh 5.14a trang 81 Tp 3 vi:
x = 4,02
DH11H1

Trang 35

hsc = 12,5
hm = 62,5
c 4. ' = 6,8 hay ' = 6,8/4 = 1,7
-

S hng chp nh = 5
Khi = 0,69.1,7. 5 = 5,865 (mm)
Chiu cao g chy trn hw :
Do hm = hw + how + 0.5
Suy ra hw = hm - how - 0.5 =hm - h - 0.5
= 62,5 20 0,5.5,865 = 40 (mm)

Chn hw = 40 (mm)
-

Kim tra s n nh ca mm :
< 0.5 ( hfv + hs )

gim p do ma st v bin i vn tc pha kh thi qua chp khi khng c

cht lng, hfv :
y

V
hfv =274. E .
* G
x y Sr

Saj/Srj =1 , nn theo hnh 5.16 trang 83 Tp 3 c E= 0.65

Sr = n.Srj = 40.4,41.10-3 = 0,1764 (m2)
Nn hfv = 274.0,65 . (

0,5(hfv + hs ) = 0,5.(26,59+ 37,6 ) = 32,095 > ( = 5,865 )

Vy mm n nh .
-

3.2 gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm ht :

Chiu cao thy tnh lp cht lng trn l chp n g chy trn hss :
hss = hw - (hsc + hsr + Hs )
= 12,5 (mm)

gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm :

ht = hfv + hs + hss + how + 0,5

DH11H1

Trang 36

= 22,8 + 29 + 12,5 + 11,6 + 0,5.7,1 = 79 (mm)

-

Chiu cao lp cht lng khng bt trn ng chy chuyn :

hd = hw + how + + h'd +ht

Tn tht thy lc do dng lng chy t ng chy chuyn vo mm h'd c xc nh

theo biu thc sau :
2

QL
h'd = 0.128
, mmcht lng
100 * S d

V h'd = 0.128 (

1,8245 2
) = 0.016(mm)
100.0,05

Ta tnh c hd = 50 + 11,6 + 7,1 + 0,016 + 79 = 147 (mm)

-

Chiu cao hd dng kim tra mm : m bo iu kin thp khng b ngp

lt khi hot ng, ta c :
hd = 147 < 0.5 Hmin=150

Vy khi thp hot ng khng xy ra hin tng ngp lt.

-

Cht lng chy vo ng chy chuyn tc :

dtw = 0.8* how * ho

+ Khong cch ri t do trong ng chy chuyn :

ho = Hmin + hw - hd = 300 + 50 -147= 203 (mm)
how = 11,6 (mm)
Suy ra dtw = 0,8. 203.11,6 = 38,8(mm) < 70 (mm)
+ i lng ny kim tra cht lng chy vo thp c u khng v cht lng khng
va p vo thnh : t s

d tw
0.6
dw

dtw< 0,6.dw = 0,6.70 = 42

Vy cht lng chy vo thp u v khng va p vo thnh ng chy chuyn
-

gim p tng cng ca pha hi gia thp :

Ht = Nt * ht = 44.79.10-3 =3,476 (m cht lng)

DH11H1

Trang 37

Vy tng tr lc ton thp :

P = *g*Ht =958,14.9,81.3,476 = 32672 (N/m2) = 0,33 (at)

3.3 Tnh chi tit ng dn

- ng knh ng dn hi vo thit b ngng t :
d=

4.Q y

.v

Qy : lu lng hi i ra khi nh thp ( m3/s)

Qy =

Gy
3600. y

1587 ,05
= 0.731 ( m3/s)
3600 .0,6027

v : vn tc hi i qua ng, chn v = 40 ( m/s )

d1 =

4.0,731
= 0,152 ( m ) = 152 ( mm )
3,1416.40

Chn d1 = 150 ( mm )
Theo s tay tp hai Bng XIII-32 trang 434 , chn l1 = 130 ( mm ) ( chiu di
on ni ng )
-

ng dn dng chy hon lu :

d=

4.Q

.v

Lng hon lu G = GD * R = 372,88.3,2562 = 1214,17 ( Kg/h)

Q=

1214 ,17
G
=
= 3,5194.10-4 ( m3 /s )
3600 . x 3600 .958 ,32

(x : khi lng ring pha lng trong on ct = 958,32 Kg/m3 )

Chn v = 0,2 ( m/s )
d2 =

4.3,5194.10^ 4
3,1416.0,5

= 0.047 ( m ) = 47 ( mm )

Chn d2 = 50(mm)
Theo s tay tp hai Bng XIII-32 trang 434 , chn l2 = 100 ( mm )
DH11H1

Trang 38

ng dn dng nhp liu :

d=
Q=

4.Q

.v
500
GF
=
=1,39.10-4 ( m3 /s )
3600 . F
3600.1000

Q = 1,39.10-4 ( m3/s )
Chn v = 0,2 ( m/s )
d3 =

= 0.029 ( m ) = 29 ( mm )

Chn d3 = 32 ( mm )
l3 = 90 ( mm )
-

ng dn dng sn phm y:
d=
Q=

4.Q

.v
127 ,12
GW
=
3600 .957 ,96
3600 . W

Q = 3,686.10-5 ( m3/s )
Chn v = 0,2 ( m/s )
d4 =

= 0.016( m ) = 16( mm )

Chn d3 = 32 ( mm )
l3 = 90( mm )
-

ng dn t ni un qua thp :
d=

Q=

DH11H1

4.Q

.v

GW
127 ,12
=
= 0,052( m3/s )
"
3600. y 3600 .0., 67906
Trang 39

Chn v = 35 ( m/s )

d5 =

4.0,491
= 0,13(m) =130 ( mm )
3,14.35

Chn d5 = 130 ( mm )

DH11H1

Trang 40

CHNG IV : TNH TON C KH

I.TNH B DY THN TR CA THP

Thn ca thp c ch to bng phng php hn h quang. Thn thp c ghp
t nhiu on bng mi ghp bch.
Tra bng IX.5 ta chn vi ng knh trong ca thp D = 1500(mm), khong cch
gia cc a H =500 (mm), chn khong cch gia hai mt ni bch 3000(mm), s a
gia hai mt bch n = 6
Chn vt liu lm thn l thp khng g X18H10T. nhit lm vic
t = 0C .
Tc n mn ca thp 0.1 mm/nm .
Da vo bng XII.4 v bng XII.7 ( Tnh cht vt l ca kim loi en v hp kim
ca chng ), cc thng s c trng ca X18H10T ( vi chiu dy tm thp
4 25 mm):
Gii hn bn ko : k = 550.106 N/m2
Gii hn bn chy :

ch

= 220.106 N/m2

H sdn khi ko nhit 20 100 oC l 16.6*10-6 (1/0C)

Khi lng ring = 7,9.103 ( Kg/m3)
H s an ton bn ko : nk = 2.6
H s an ton bn chy : nch = 2.6
Nhit nng chy : t = 1400 oC
M un n hi : E = 2.1*105 N/mm2
H s Poatxng = 0.33
-

iu kin lm vic ca thp chng ct :

+ p sut bn trong thp ( tnh ti y thp ) vi mi trng lm vic lng -kh:

P = PL + P+Ph
+ p sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng :PL = Ltb . g .H
DH11H1

Trang 41

Ltb = 946,29 (Kg/m3)

H = 16,624(m) ( C k n ct cht lng y, np )
PL = 946,29 .9,81.16,624 = 154322 (N/m2)
+ Tng tr lc ca thp : P = 29928 ( N/m2)
+ p sut tnh ton l P = PL + P +Ph
= 154322 + 29928 + 9,81.104 = 282350 ( N/m2)
Theo bng XIII.8 : gi tr bn hn ca thn hnh tr, hn h quang in,
Dt = 1500 (mm), thp hp kim h = 0.95
+ Do trn than c khot l nn h s bn ca thnh hnh tr tnh theo phng dc:

=0,95

=0,87

d l ng knh ca l quan st, c 6 l, d = 240(mm)=0,24(m)

+ ng sut cho php [k] ca vt liu c tnh :
[ k] =

k
550.106
.
.0.95 200.95*106 ( N / m2 )
nk
2.6

ch
220.106
.

*0.95 139.33*106 ( N / m2 )
[ ch] =
nch
1.5
Chn []= Min ( [k], [ch]) = 139.33 *106 ( N/m2)
+ B dy thp c tnh theo cng thc :
S=
Do

P.D
2[ ]. P

=
S=

= 468>1
P.D
=
2[ ].

= 1,75.10-3( m) =1,75(mm)

+ B dy thc t ca thn thp :

DH11H1

Trang 42

S = S + C
Trong C = Ca + Cb +Co
Chn thit b lm vic trong 15 nm : H s b sung do n mn :
Ca = 15.0,1 = 1,5 (mm)
H s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng Cb = 0
H s quy trn bng C0 = 1,15 (mm)
Do C = 1.5 + 0 + 1,15 = 2,65 (mm)
Khi S = S +C = 1,75+2,65=4,4 (mm)
-

Kim tra b dy ca thn thp:

+ Kim tra iu kin :

S Ca
0 .1
D
( tha )
4,4 1.5
0,0019 0.1
1500

+ Do p sut d cho php tnh theo cng thc:

[P] =

2.[ ]..(S Ca ) 2.139,33.106.0,87.(4,4 1,5)

469614( N / m 2 )
D ( S Ca )
1500 (4,4 1,5)

Nh vy [P] > P (hp l)

Nn chiu dy ca thn S = 4,4(mm)
II.TNH - CHN B DY Y V NP THIT B
y v np cng l mt b phn quan trng thng c ch to cng loi vt liu
vi thn thit b . S dng thp khng g X18H10T .
-

Chn loi y np hnh elip c g

Tnh b dy y v np ging nhau :

Cc thng s y v np :
+ y v np elip c :

DH11H1

Trang 43

ht
0.25
Dt

ht = 0.25 * Dt= 0.25 * 1,5 = 0.375 (m) = 375(mm)

Chn chiu cao g h = 25 (mm)
Nn din tch b mt trong 2,56(m2 ) tra bng XIII.10 trang 382 S tay tp 2
+ Bn knh cong bn trong y- np thp : Rt =Dt = 1500(mm)
+ B dy y v np elip ca thit b chu p sut trong :
S =

K=1- =1-

=0,8( ng knh l m np d=0,3m)

S=

=1,46.10-3 (m)=1,46(mm)

+ B dy thc t ca np - y thp :
S = S + C
Trong : C = Ca + Cb +Co
+ Chn thit b lm vic trong 15 nm : H s b sung do n mn :
Ca = 15.0,1 = 1,5 (mm)
+ H s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng Cb = 0
+H s quy trn bng C0 = 1,3 (mm)
Do : C = 1.5 + 0 + 1,3 = 4,8 (mm)
i vi y np dp th i lng b sung tng thm 2(mm)
Khi S = S +C = 1,46 +4,8=6,26 (mm)
-

Kim tra p sut d cho php tnh ton :

.+ B dy y np cn tha biu thc sau :

DH11H1

Trang 44

S Ca
0.125
Dt

3 1,5
0,002 0.125 (tha)
800

+ Do p sut d cho php tnh theo cng thc :

2.[ ]..(S Ca ) 2.139,33.106.0,95.(6,26 1,5)

837409,6 ( N / m 2 )
[P] =
Rt (S Ca )
1500 (6,26 1,5)

Vy b dy y np thit b l s= 6,26 (mm)

III.CHN BCH V VNG M

1.Bch v vng m ni v bt kn thit b
Mt bch l b phn dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni cc b phn
khc vi thit b .Chn loi bch lin khng c bng thp CT3 .
Bng XIII-27 trang 417 S tay tp hai . Cho cc kiu bch lin bng thp CT3 (Kiu
I )vi thit b y np nh sau :
ng knh bn trong ca thit b : Dt = 1500 (mm)
ng knh bn ngoi ca thit b :Dn = 1508 (mm)
ng knh tm bu lng :Db = 1590 (mm)
ng knh mp vt :D1 = 1360 (mm)
ng knh bch :D = 1560 (mm)
Chiu cao bch :h = 25 (mm)
ng knh bu lng :db = M20 (mm)
S bu lng :z = 32 (ci)
-Theo bng XIII-31 _ Tng ng vi bng XIII-27 : kch thc b mt m bt kn :

DH11H1

Trang 45

STT Loi

Dy

ng

Kch thc ni

(mm) Dw

dn

h
Db

D1

(mm) (mm)

Bulng

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) db

(mm)

z
(con)

Vo TBNT

200

219

290

225

232

M16

16

130

Hon lu

50

57

140

110

90

M12

12

100

Nhp liu

45

130

100

80

M12

12

100

Dngspy 32

38

120

90

70

M12

12

90

Hivo y 80

89

185

150

128

M16

14

110

40

Dt = 1500 (mm)
H = h = 25 (mm)
D1 = 1560 (mm)
D2 = 1554 (mm)
D4 = 1530 (mm)
V do Dt > 1000 (mm) nn D3 = D2 +2 = 1556(mm)
D5 = D4-2 = 1528 (mm)
2.Bch ni cc ng dn
Bch ni cc ng dn ( Bng XIII-26 trang 409 S tay tp hai )
- Chn vt liu l thp CT3 , chn kiu I
Ta c bng sau :
-Theo bng XIII.30 tng ng vi bng XIII-26 : kch thc b mt m bt kn :
D1 tra theo bng XIII-26 .
z : s rnh
DH11H1

Trang 46

Ta c bng sau :

S
T
T

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

b1

Mm

Mm

mm

Mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

rnh

mm

200

232

249

250

229

228

4.5

50

90

90

91

66

65

40

80

69

70

59

58

32

70

59

50

49

48

80

128

115

116

101

100

IV.CHN V TAI TREO THIT B

Khi lng np bng khi lng y ( Gi s ng ng dn vo np v y gn
nh nhau ) ;
Vi np y elip c Dt = 1500(mm), chiu dy S = 6,26(mm), chiu cao g
h = 25 (mm) .Tra bng XIII.11 trang 384 ,[2] , ta c
Gnp = Gy = 1,01.123 (Kg) = 124,23 (Kg)
Gnp +Gy= 2.124,23 = 248,46 (Kg)
-Khi lng mm :
ng knh trong ca thp :Dt = 1500 (mm)
B dy mm :m = 0,004(m)
ng knh ng hi :dh = 0,075 (m)
S ng hi :n = 40 (ng )
Din tch ng chy chuyn hnh vin phn :
Sd = 0,1.F = 0,1.1,766=0,1766 (m2)
DH11H1

Trang 47

S ng chy chuyn trn mi mm : z = 1

S mm : Ntt =31 mm
Mm = Nt .(F z.Sd n..d2/4) .m.
= 31.(1,766 1.0,1766 40.3,14.(0,0752/4).0,004.7,9.103
= 1384(kg)

-Khi lng chp trn mm ca ton thp :

Mchp = Vchp.

Vchp=

=8,30.10-4(m3 )

mchp :8,3.10-4 .7,9.103=6,5819(kg)

vy tng khi lng chp :6,5819.40=263,276 (kg)
-Khi lng thn thp :
M thn = . D. Hthn .thn .
= 3,14. 1,5.16,624. 0,004.7,9.103
= 2474,24(Kg)
-Khi lng ng hi :
Mng hi = . dh. hh. h .n . Ntt .
= 3,14.0,075.0,08.0,002.40.31.7,9.103
= 369,11(Kg)

-Khi lng mng chy chuyn:

Mma = lw.hct.ct ..Nt
DH11H1

Trang 48

Vi :hcc=h-S+hW+

= 0,5-0,0322+0,04+0,004=0,5118(mm)

Mma = 1,117.0,5118.0,002.7,9.103.31=280( Kg)

- Khi lng bch ni thn :

ng knh bn ngoi ca thp :Dn = 1508 (m)
ng knh mt bch ca thn :D = 1560(m)
Chiu cao bch :h = 0.022(m)
Chia thp lm 8 on , nn s mt bch l 16
CT3 = 7.85*103 (Kg/m3)
Mbch

D
=
=

Dn2 .
4

.h.CT 3 .16
)

-Khi lng bch ni cc ng dn :

Mb =

[(0,2920,22).0,016+(0,1420,052).0,012+(0,132

0,042).0,012+(0,01220,0322).0,012+(0,18520,082).0,014]
=20,267 (Kg)

-Khi lng dung dch trong thp ( xem Vdung dch = 0.4 Vthp )
Mdd = 0,4(

=0,4(

)946,29=

11211,96(kg)
Vy tng khi lng ca ton thp :
Mthp = 14964,903 (Kg)
1.Chn tai treo
-Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3 . Tm lt l vt liu lm thn:
DH11H1

Trang 49

[CT3]= 130 .106( N/m2)

Chn s tai treo ng vi mi sng : n = 4
Ti trng ln mt tai treo:

Q0 =

Q
=
4

= 36701,42 (N)
Chn ti trng cho php ln mt tai treo l 4.104 (N)

Theo bng XIII.36 S tay tp hai : tai treo thit b thng ng .

B mt F = 297.10-4(m2)
Kch thc tai treo : cho bng sau :

B mt

F m2

Ti
trng
cho php
ln mt
q
N/m2

L
mm

B
mm

B1
mm

H
mm

S
mm

l
mm

a
mm

d
mm

0.0297

1,34

190

160

170

280

10

80

25

30

2.Chn chn :
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3 .Ti trng cho php ln mt chn
l:4.104(N)
Theo bng XIII.35 S tay tp hai. Chn thp i vi thit b thng ng :

Bmt
F.10-4m2

Titrngcho
phplnbmt

B1

B2

q.106(N/m2)
514

DH11H1

0,78

260 200 225 330 400 225 16 100

27

Trang 50

CHNG V: TNH THIT B PH

I.THIT B GIA NHIT HN HP U HAY LM NGUI SN
PHM Y:
1.iu kin nhit ca qu trnh:
102,622

50
80
27

Chnh lch nhit u nh:

=102,622-80 =22,622oC
Chnh lch nhit u ln:

=50-27=23oC
T s:
=

=1,0 17<2 nn c th tnh hiu s nhit trung bnh:

=(22,622+23)/2=22,811oC

Nhit trung bnh ca tng lu th:

Do T1-T2 <t2-t1 nn :
DH11H1

Trang 51

Ttb=( T1+T2)/2=(102,622+50)/2=76,311 OC
ttb= Ttb -

=76,311-22,811=53,5 oC

2.nhit ti :
Nhit lng cn un nng nhp liu :
=

.(T2- T1)=4563,18.2526,20865.52,622=270596770,9(J/h)=168,51(KW)

3.chn thit b :
3.1 Chn loi thit b ng chm,t nm ngang,vt liu nm ngang,vt liu l ng
thau,h s dn nhit =93W/h., gm 91 ng, hnh 6 cnh , s ng vng ngoi l 31.
Chn ng knh ngoi dh=0,025m, loi ng 25.2mm
Dng knh trong ca thit b :Dtr =T.(b-1)+4.dh
t :bc ng,chn t=1,2dh =1,2.0,025=0,03(m)
b=2.a-1=2.6-1=11
(a=6 :s ng trn mt cnh ca hnh su cnh ngoi cng
Dtr=0,03.(11-1)+4.0,025=0,4(m)
3.2 cc lu cht u trng thi lng.v sn phm y c bn cao hn nn cho chy
bn trong ng, cn nhp liu cho c ngoi ng.
3.3 xc nh h s cp nhit t thnh ng n dng nhp liu.
Tc chy ca dng nhp liu :
W=
nhit trung bnh ca dng nhp liu ttb=52,622 o C, ta tr cc thng s :
=1019,17 (kg/m3)
=986,285 (kg/m3)

=1002,9925(kg/m3)
=0,786.10-3Nsm2
DH11H1

Trang 52

=0,607 Nsm2
=2035,57kg/h

W=

=0,007(m/s)

Dng knh tng ng khong ngoi ng :

=

=0,035(m)

Tnh chun s Re :
Re=

=439,53

Gr=

=25,517

:h s dn n th tch , =0,574.10-3 (bng 33 trang 420,[4] )

=4oC

chn

=1,38

Tnh chun s Pr :
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 [2] :
=52,611+4=56,611oC

=11,5(1-0,642) +3,4.0,642=6,2998
=11(1-0,642)+3,3.0,642=6,0566
(

=(

=1,0098

Chun s Nu :
Nu=0,15. .
:h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15,[2],(1/d >50 nn chn

=1)

Nu=0,15.1.404,8320,33.6,29980,43.1,348.1,0098=3,267
H s cp nhit :
DH11H1

Trang 53

=50,725(W/m2.)

( tra 47,75oC bng 0,590 W/m.)

3.4 xc nh s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng :
Ttb=83oC ,tra cc thng s ta c :
=992,5(kg/m3)
=977,5(kg/m3)
= 990,262 (kg/m3)

=0,61.10-3(Ns.m2 )
=0,392.10-3(Ns.m2 )

=0,577.10-3(Ns.m2 )

Vn tc trong dng ng :
W=

=0,01889(m/s)

Tnh chun s Re :
Re=

=810,487

10< Re <2000 : ch chy dng

Tnh chun s Pr :
= 4oC tt2 =Ttb -

Chn

=76,311 4=72,311 oC

Tra hnh V.12 trang 12,[2] :

Pr72,311 =8,866
Pr76,311=8,4108
(

=(

=0,97

Chun s Gr :
DH11H1

Trang 54

Gr=

=1311095,259

Gr0,1 =4,09
H s dn n th tch , =0,726.10-3(1/) (tra bng 33trang 420,[4])
Chun s Nu :
Nu=0,15.
=0,15.1.288,890,33.8,40840,43.4,09.0,97=9,64
:h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15,[2](1/d >50 nn chn

=1)

H s cp nhit ( tra 47,75 oC bng 0,673 W/m.)

q1=

=285,43.4=1141,43(W/m2)

q2=

=265.4=1082(W/m2)

sai s gia q1 v q2 :
=

=0,049 <0,05(5 %)

cc thng s trn l hp l :
3.5 h s truyn nhit tng qut :
K=*

=93(W/m.)
=2(mm) =0,002(m)
=205,29 (W/m2.)
=316,47 (W/m2.)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc bn r1=0,8455.10-3(m2./W)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc thng r2=0,5945.10-3(m2./W)
K=*
DH11H1

=105,346 (m2./W)
Trang 55

3.6 b mt truyn nhit :

F=

=28,66(m2)

3.7 chiu di mi ng :
L=

=4,011 (m)

Vy chn L=4,0 (m)

II.THIT B LM NGUI SN PHM NH
1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh :

60oC

30oC
40oC
27oC

Chnh lch nhit u nh

=30 -27=3oC
Chnh lch nhit u ln :
= 60-40=20 oC
Hiu s nhit trung bnh :
DH11H1

Trang 56

=8,96 oC

2.nhit ti :
Nhit lng cn thit lm ngui sn phm nh ( tnh phn cn bng nhit)
Q=

=59,96 (Kw)

3.chn thit b
3.1 chn gi tr K :tra bng 4.4 ,[5], ta c K ( ch i lu cng bc)=
300(Kcal/m2.) hay K=300.4,1868.1000/3600=348,9(K/m2.)
B mt truyn nhit :
F=

= 19,18(m2)

F= .d.n.L
n=

=47,697(ng)

Chn theo tiu chun :thit b ng chm,t nm ngang, vt liu l ng thau, h s

dn nhit =93 W/h.
Thit b gm 241 ng, xp thnh 8 hnh su cnh, s ng vng ngoi cng l 50 ng.
Chn ng knh ngoi cng ng l dh=0,032 m, loi ng l 32x3mm. Chiu di
L=3,66(m)
Dng knh trong ca thit b :Dtr =t.(b-1) +4.dh
t : bc ng, chn :
t =1,5dh=1,5.0,025=0,0375(m)
b=2.a-1= 2.6-1=11
(a =6 :s ng trn mt cnh ca hnh su cnh ngoi cng)
Dtr= 0,032(11-1) +4.0,025=0,42(m)
Chn D= 450(mm) =0,45(m)

DH11H1

Trang 57

3.2 cc lu cht u trng thi lng.v sn phm y c bn cao hn nn cho chy

bn trong ng, cn nhp liu cho chy ngoi ng.
3.3 xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng
Tit din ngang ca khong ngoi ng l :
n.d2 ) =0,875 .(0,452 -91.0,0252)=0,183(m2)

S= 0,875(

Tc ca dng sn phm nh :

W=

nhit trung bnh ca dng sn phm nh t1tb=42,46 oC, ta tra cc thng s :

=1022(kg/m3)
=990,2(kg/m3)
=990,6929 (kg/m3)

=0,89.10-3 (N.S.m2)
=0,644.10-3 (N.S.m2)

=0,6478 (N.S.m2)

W=1,56.10-3(m/s)
Dng knh tng ng khong ngoi ng :
Dtd=

=0,053 (m)

Tnh chun s Re :
Re=

=126,444

10<Re<2000 :ch chy dng

Tnh chun s Pr :
+ chn

=6 oC tt1= t1tb -

=42,46-6=36,46 oC

Tra hnh V.12 trang 12,[2]

DH11H1

Trang 58

Pr36,46= 4,6463
Pr42,46= 4,1085
]

=*

=0,97

Chun s Gr :
=1,53.10-3 (1/)(tra bng 33 trang 420,[4])

:h s dn n th tch,
Chun s Nu :

Nu =0,15.

:h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15,[2](1/d >50 nn chn

=1)

Nu=0,15.1.126,4440,33.4,850,43.5,3.0,97 =7,51
H s cp nhit :
=

=23,380(W/m2.)

( tra 42,46oC bng 0,165 W/m2.) :

3.4 xc nh h s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc
ttb2 = 33,5oC,tra cc thng s :
=0,7433.10-3 (N.S.m2)
=994,2(kg/m3)
Vn tc trong ng :
W=

=0,0245(m/s)

Tnh chun s Re :
Re=

=819,219

10 < Re < 2300

ch chy dng
DH11H1

Trang 59

Tnh ch s Pr :
=1oC tt2 = t2tb -

+ chn

=33,5+1=34,5 oC

Tra hnh V-12 trang 12 ,[2],ta c

Pr33,5= 13,5
Pr34,5= 14
]

=*

=1,009

Ch s Gr :
Gr =

=90768,73

Gr 0,1=3,137
:h s dn n th tch ,

=0,331.10-3 (1/)(tra bng 33,trang 420,[4])

-chun s Nu
(

Nu=0,15

=13,51

Trong :
:h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15,[2],(1/d >50 nn chn
H s cp nhit :

=1)

=338,87 (W/m2.)

( =0,627 tra 33,5 oC)

3.5 nhit ti ring :
q1 =

=28,893.6=173,896(w/m2)

q2=

=338,87.1=338,87(w/m2)

sai s gia q1 v q2 :
=

=0,487 >0,05(5%)

Lp ln 1
DH11H1

Trang 60

Tnh chun s Pr
=11oC tt1= t1tb -

Chn

=42,46-11=31,46 oC

Tra hnh V.12 trang 12,[2], ta c :

Pr31,46 =3,9
Pr42,46 =3,6
)

=( )

=0,98

Chun s Gr :
Gr=

=32893293,98

Gr0,1=5,646
Chun s Nu
(

Nu=0,15
-h s cp nhit

q1 =

.11= 236,973( W/m2.)

=0,301 >0,05

=6,92
(W/m2.)

+ lp ln 2
Chun s Pr
Chn

=13
=42,46 13=29,46 oC

tt1= t1tb Pr29,46=3,85

Pr42,46=3,6
(
DH11H1

=0,983
Trang 61

Chun s Gr
Gr=

=38873892

Gr0,1=5,74
(

Nu=0,15

=7,018

H s cp nhit
=26,3164 (W/m2.)
Nhit ti :
Sai s gia
=

.11=342,113

v q2
=0,0095 <0,05 (5%)

III.THIT B NGNG T HI LU
1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh

60oC

60oC

40oC
27oC

Thng thng ngi ta chn loi thit b ngng t vi cht lm lnh l nc ngng
t
Dng nng: 60 oC (hi)

60 oC (lng)

Dng lnh: 60 oC (lng)

60 oC (lng)

DH11H1

Trang 62

= 60 40 = 20 oC

Chnh lch nhit u nh:

= 60 27 = 33 oC

Chnh lch nhit u ln:

Hiu nhit trung bnh: :

= 25,96 oC

Nhit trung bnh ca tng lu th:

= 33,5 oC

= 60 23,2 = 36,8 oC
2.Ti nhit
Nhit lng cn thit ngng t sn phm ra nh thp
Q=

= 897561,959(W)

3.Chn thit b
Chn loi thit b ng chm, t nm ngang, vt liu l ng nhau, h s dn
nhit

= 93(W/m2.do). thit b gm 187 ng, xp thnh 7 hnh su cnh, s ng

ngoi cng la 43 ng.

Chn ng knh ngoi ca ng dh = 0,032m, loi ng 32x3 mm
ng knh trong ca thit b:
Dtr = t(b-1) + 4.dh = 0,048.(15-1) + 4.0,032 = 0,8m
Trong : t: bc ng, chn t = 1,5.dh = 1,5.0,032 = 0,048m
b = 2a 1 = 2.8 1 = 15 (a=8, s ng trn mt cnh ca hnh 6 cnh ngoi cng)
4. Xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng.
nhit trung bnh ca dng nng tt1 = 60oC , tra cc thng s:
= 983,325(kg/m3)
= 0,4725.10-3(kg/m3)
r = 405073(J/kg.do)
DH11H1

Trang 63

= 0,631(W/m.do)
ddt =

= 0,066(m)

+ chn t = 3 oC
-

tw1 = 60 3 = 57 oC

H s cp nhit:
= 1,28.

= 7289,49 (W/m2.do)

= 1,28.

h s cp nhit trung bnh ca thnh ng:

= 6560,54 (W/m2.do)

=
Trong :

= 0,90: tra th V.18 trang 29, [2]

5. xc nh h s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc:
= 33,5 oC

Nhit trung bnh ca dng lnh ttb2 =

Tra cc thng s:
= 942(kg/m3)
= 0,782.10-3 (kg/m3)
Vn tc nc trong ng:
W=
-

= 0,00768 (m/s)

Tnh chun s Re:

Re =

= 296,32

10 < Re < 2300: ch chy ri:

-

Ch s Pr
+ chn t = 15 oC

= t2tb +

= 33,5 + 15 = 48,5 oC

Tra hnh V.12 s tay QTTB tp 2, ta c:

DH11H1

Trang 64

= 10

= 14
)0,25 = ( )0,25 = 1,088

(
-

Chun s Gr :
Gr =

= 2308938,9

Gr0,1 = 4,33
-

Chun s Nu
.Re0,33.Pr0,1.(

Nu = 0.15.
-

)0,25 = 0,15.1.296,320,33.140,43.4,33.1,088 = 13,27

H s nhit:
= 259,99(W/m2.)

6.Nhit ti ring.
q1 =

= 7289,49.3 = 21868,47(W/m2.)

q2 =

= 7289,49.3 = 21868,47(W/m2.)

sai s gia q1 v q2 :
= 0,8 > 0,05 (5%)
Lp ln 1:
-

Chun s Pr:
Chn t = 15.(1+0,8) = 27 oC

= t2tb +

= 33,5 + 27 = 61,2 oC

Pr61,2 = 6,2
Pr33,5 = 14
(
-

)0,25 = ( )0,25 = 1,226

s Gr

= 4156090,02

Gr0,1 = 4,6

Nu = 17,58
2 = 344 (W/m2.do)

q2 = 9300 (W/m2.)

Sai s gia q1 v q2 l :
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Trang 65

= 0,5 > 0,05 (5%)

Lp ln 2:
-

Chun s Pr:
Chn t = 27.(1+0,8) = 42,66 oC

= t2tb +

= 33,5 + 42,66 = 78,16 oC

Ta c:
Pr78,16 = 5,9
Pr33,5 = 14
(
-

)0,25 = ( )0,25 = 1,24

s Gr

Gr0,1 = 4,8
Nu = 17,58
2 = 355,9491 (W/m2.do)

q2 = 14949,8 (W/m2.)

Sai s gia q1 v q2 l :
= 0,32 > 0,05 (5%)
Lp ln 3:
-

Chun s Pr:
Chn t = 42,66.(1+0,32) = 56,3112 oC

= t2tb +

= 33,5 + 56,3112 =

91,311 oC
Ta c:
Pr78,16 = 4,8
Pr33,5 = 14
(
-

)0,25 = ( )0,25 = 1,32

s Gr

Gr0,1 = 4,73
Nu = 13,27
2 = 355,9491 (W/m2.do)

q2 = 14949,8 (W/m2.)

Sai s gia q1 v q2 l :
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= 0,32 > 0,05 (5%)

Cc thng s l tha mn
7.H s truyn nhit
K=[

+ r1 +

+ r2 +

]-1

Trong :
= 93 (W/m2.)
= 3mm = 0,003m
r1 = 0,387.10-3 (W/m2.)
r2 = 0,464.10-3 (W/m2.)
+ 0,387.10-3 +

K=[

+ 0,464.10-3 +

]-1 = 269,06 (m2./W)

8.B mt truyn nhit.

=

= 128 (m2)

= 6,8(m)

F=
9.Chiu di ng.
L=

Chn L = 7(m)
Tm li: Thit b ngng t hi lu thit b ng chum c: s ng n=187,
L = 7(m), ng knh ng d = 0,032(m)
Nc chy trong ng, dng sn phm nh ngoi ng v thit b ngng t t
nm ngang.
IV.THIT B UN
1.iu kin nhit .

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125,2 0C

125,2 0C

116,50C

980C

Trang 67

Ta dng hi nc bo ha c Ptng i la 2 atm, nhit si l 125,2 oC cung cp cho

dung dch.
Dng nng: 125 oC (hi)

125,2 oC (hi)

Dng lnh: 98 oC (lng)

111,5 oC (hi)

Chnh lch nhit u vo: tN = 27,2 oC

Chnh lch nhit u ra : tL = 13,7 oC
Hiu s nhit trung bnh: tlog =

= 19,68 oC

2.Nhit ti.
Nhit lng hi nc cn cung cp:
QD2 = QY + QW + Qxq2 + QF QR = 8198753,56 (kJ/kg)
3.Chn thit b.
t ni un Kette ring bit thp. Ni un tip nhn dng lng y ra bn
di thp. Nh hi nc bo ha c nhit cao hn nhit dng lng
trn s gip ho hi mt phn cht lng y thp mc ch to hi cho
phn ny c iu kin i ln nh thp.
ng dng trong thng ni c kch thc: ng knh ngoi cng ca ng
dh = 0,032 (m), loi ng l 32x3(mm).
Thit b gm 187 ng, xp thnh 7 hnh 6 cnh, s ng vng ngoi cng l
43 ng.
4.Xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng.
-

Xc nh chun s Re:
Khi ngng hi ngoi ng nm ngang:
Rem =

( trang 27 s tay tp 2)

nht ca nc ngng:
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= 0,233.10-3 (N.s.m2) nhit 119 oC

Trang 68

r = 2173.10-3 ( nhit ha hi )
z: s ng trong mt dy ng ( ng n xp ln trn ng kia), z = 8 ng.
chn Ksb = 700 (W/m2.)
qsb = K. t log = 700.19,68 = 13776 (W/m2)
Rem =

= 10,94 < 150

V Pr125,2 = 3,1 > 0,5

Do h s cp nhit 1c xc nh theo cng thc:
1 =

= 1,28.

= 1,28.

= 24755 (W/m2.)

Trong :
= 994 (kg/m3)
= 0.768 (W/m2.)
Chn t1 = 3oC
5.Tnh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y ni.
-

H s cp nhit 2 cho ch si bt c p dng theo cng thc V.94 s tay

tp hai.

Xem sn phm y l nc v nng acetone rt nh. Khi tnh h s cp

nhit theo cng thc V.95 s tay tp 2.
2 = 0,56.q0,76.

(W/m2.)

vi p = 1,114 atm : p sut lm vic trn b mt thong dung dch.

q = q1: gi thit truyn nhit l n nh.
q = q1 = 1 . t1 = 24755.3 = 74265
2 = 0,56.742650,7.1,1140,15 = 1100,77 (W/m2.)
Chn t2 = 14,5 oC
ttw2 = (102,622 + 111,5)/2 + 14,5 = 121,56 oC
q2 = 1100,77.14,5 = 15961,165 (W/m2)
Sai s gia q1 v q2:
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= 0,32 < 0,05 (5%)

Vy cc thong s cho l ph hp.
6.H s truyn nhit.
K=[

+ r1 +

+ r2 +

]-1

Trong :
= 93 (W/m2.)

= 2mm = 0,002m
1 = 24755(W/m2.)
2 = 1100,77 (W/m2.)
xem h s cu bn ca nc bn r1 = 0,387.10-3 (m2./W)
K = 549,04
7.B mt truyn nhit.
= 80,46 (m2)

F=
8.Chiu di ng.
L=

= 4,28(m)

Chn L = 4,5(m)
V. BM
1.Nang suat
Nhiet o dong nhap lieu la tF = 27oC.

Tra bang 1.249, trang 310, [5]

Khoi lng rieng cua nc 27oC: N = 996,4 (kg/m3)
Tra bang 1.2, trang 9, [5]

Khoi lng rieng cua axit axetic 27oC: A = 1040,65 (kg/m3)

Ap dung trong cong thc (1.2), trang 5, [1]:
1

hh

xFN

xFA

0,92
0.08

996, 4 1040, 65

hh = 1000 (kg/m3)
o nht cua nc: N = 8,92.10-4 (N.s/m2)
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 o nht cua axit: A = 1,125.10-3 (N.s/m2)

Nen: lgF = xFlgN + (1 xF)lgA = 0,642.lg(8,92.10-4) + (10,642).lg(1,125.10-3)
F = 8,973.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Sut lng th tch ca dng nhp liu trong ng
QF

GF

5136
1000

= 5,136(m3/h)

Vay: chon bm co nang suat Qb = 5,136(m3/h)

2.Cot ap:

Chon :
Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cha nguyen
lieu.
Mat cat (2-2) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cao v.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
z1 +

P1
F .g

v1
v
P
+ Hb = z2 + 2 + 2 +hf1-2
F .g
2. g
2. g

Trong o:
z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at, chon z1 = 1m.
z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at, z2 = Hcv = 10m.
P1 : ap suat tai mat thoang (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at.
P2 : ap suat tai mat thoang (2-2), chon P2 = 1 at.
v1,v2 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1) va(2-2), xem v1 =
0(m/s).v2=0,72(m/s)
hf1-2 : tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2).
Hb : chiu cao ca bm
2.1. Tnh tr lc ca ng
Chon ng knh trong cua ong hut va ong ay bang nhau: d tr = 50
(mm)
Tra bang II.15, trang 381, [5]
o nham cua ong: = 0,2 (mm) = 0,0002 (m) (an mon t)
lh l
vF2
h .
hf1-2 =
d tr

2g

Trong o:
lh : chieu dai ong hut.
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Chieu cao hut cua bm:

Tra bang II.34, trang 441, [5] hh = 4,3 (m) Chon lh = 6 (m).
l : chieu dai ong ay, chon l = 15 (m).
h : tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut.
: tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay.
: he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay.
vF : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong hut va ong ay (m/s).
vF

4Qb
4 5,136

2
3600 d tr 3600 0,05 2

= 0,72(m/s)

Xac nh he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay :

Chuan so Reynolds :
Re F

v F d tr F

0,72 0,05 1000

8,973 .10 4

= 3941,58

V 2320 < ReF < 4000 che o chay qua o.

Ap dung cong thc (II.59), trang 378, [5]: = 0,3164
= 0,04
0 , 25
Re F

Xac nh tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut :

Cho uon cong :
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [5]:
Chon dang ong uon cong 90o co ban knh R vi R/d = 2 th u1
= 0,15.
Ong hut co 2 cho uon u1 = 0,15. 2 = 0,3
Van :
Tra bang 9.5, trang 94, [1]:
Chon van cau vi o m hoan toan th v1 (1 cai) = 10
Ong hut co 1 van cau v1 = 10
Nen: h = u1 + v1 = 10,3
Xac nh tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay :
Cho uon cong :
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [5]:
Chon dang ong uon cong 90o co ban knh R vi R/d = 2 th u2
= 0,15.
Ong ay co 4 cho uon u2 = 0,15. 4 = 0,6
Van :
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(1 cho)

(1 cho)

Trang 72

Tra bang 9.5, trang 94, [1]:

Chon van cau vi o m hoan toan th v2 (1 cai) = 10.
Ong ay co 1 van cau v2 = 10
Nen: = u1 + v1 + cv = 11,6

Vay: hf1-2 = 0,032

68
0,07072
10,3 11,6 .
=7,862.10 3 (m)
0,05
2 9,81

8 (mm)

2.2 tnh chiu cao ca bm

Hb = (z2 z1) + hf1-2 = (10 1) +7,862.10 3 = 9,007862 (m)
3.Cong suat:
Chon hieu suat cua bm: b = 0,8.
Cong suat thc te cua bm: Nb =

Qb H b F .g 5,136 9,007862 1000 9,81

3600 . b
3600 0,8

= 157 (W)
Ket luan: e am bao thap hoat ong lien tuc ta chon 2 bm li tam
loai XM, co:
- Nang suat: Qb = 5,136 (m3/h)
- Cot ap: Hb = 9,007862 (m)
- Cong suat: Nb = 157 (W)

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