L1

L2

L1
= { x | xy L1 , y L 2 }
L2
L1
= { , a, aa, ab}
L2

L1
L2

&$ % ! " #

!(

!(

DFA

!( ) >

L1
L2

q1

DFA

!*
.

/0 -!

4-!

% +

+ <

L2

!(

DFA

L1

; !6 7

L2 = ab * L1 = a *baa *

L1
L2

DFA

!* + &'!(

-!

!( 3 3
-!

89

!(

+ ?

9: )

@> .

q2

q0

a,b

a
b

!( )2 -!
L1
L2

q0

L1

L1

L2 = {b, ba} L1 = {ab, aab, abb, ba}

! " #
* !1 )2 +

L2

89

DFA

a
b

q1

q3

l1

q2

a,b

q3

DFA

l1
=
l2

q0

a
b

q1

q2

a,b

!( )

l1 .

DFA

= ( a*b | a*ba + )

q3

<6 -!6A B >

A V
x (V | T ) *

A x

BF

7! E

!* < BA<6
5Context Free47< BA<6 ) 3
7< BA<6 ) 3

20

7<

"6 -C + )

> D

&

BA<6

G = {V , T , S , P}

)2 + ) <
7< BA<6 l ) &
-C )
! 9G )
%
! S aSb |
a n b n ) @H
! I# l = {a n b m | n m} )

7<

BA<6 )

JK

-!6

S AB
n m
A aA | a
B aBb |
n>m

B!FL

) 9 2 M <%

7<

BA<6

'(

S CD
n m
C aCb |
D bD | b
n<m

-!8

N A< B O N A<
ST N A<

7 PQ % !R< 7

B O N A< -! 7 PQ %

& " #
N A<
KO

$% &'

&() #
N A<
KO

$% &'

!R< 7 ST
1.S aAB

N A< 3

N A< 3

U>

abbbb

< +

2. A bBb 7<
3 .B A |

BA<6

&
!

N A<
ST N A<

1
3
2
3
2
3
S

aAB

aA

abBb

abAb

abbBbb

abbbb
1
2
3
3
2
3
S

aAB

abBbB

abbB

abbA

abbbBb

abbbb

% )2 + ST N A< 3 BE O
!* ST N A< 3

!* ST

N A< 3 BE O

N A< 3

!) <

3)
)

&

U> W BH + < +
&
V -9"

S AB | aaB
A a | Aa

! )L

U> + <

) V &

Bb

5V 4-9"

/*

S% S AB AaB aaB aab

ST S aaB aab
% ST N A<
aab < + ) T

S A, B 1C

! )L

A 0, C 1 A
A 0 B , A 011 A

) V &

1. S A 0 B 01C 011A 0110

2.

-9"

.O

5=

E G X! 4=

!* ST N A<

N A<
V !1 ) )2

21

S A 011 A 0110

W)
!* V !1

- <

!R< 3 =

3 ) 3+ ) <

)T
&

-!8 V

Z ) )2 <6 V

!:

: 5NPDA4 *&

&

+ ' ',
JG
< + > D :Q
<L* + "W: :
:F
+ > D

M = {Q, , , , q0 , Z , F }

5Q + U>4M
)L

<L* 7! *

!(

) + "W:
: O !R [
5

: q0

\K < : Z

State

* ] O4

: Q ( ) Q * for example (q 0 , a,1) (q 0 ,01)

: ( q 0 , , a ,1) ( q 0 ,11 )

$ %

: ( q 1, , b ,1) ( q 1 , )

O ; + <L* +

?0

l = {a n b

: ( q1 , , z ) ( q f , z )

l1
l2

!*

"6

l1 = {10 *1}, l 2 = {0*10* }

l1

0
1

q1
0

0,1

q2

q0
q

0,1

qt

l1

q1
q

0,1

DFA

q2
q
0,1

qt
q

DFA

!( )

l1
=
l2

q0
q0

q1
0

0,1

qt

22

0
1

q2
0,1

| n > 0}

-. / 0 1% '

-!
q0

1
z

1
z

: ( q 0 , , a , z ) ( q 0 ,1 z )
: ( q 0 , , b ,1) ( q 1 , )

= 10 *

DFA

^
< &BO

1
2
S

aSb

ab
3
S

ab

$ %

1 . S aSb
G : 2 .S

! )L

J9 ^

3 . S ab

-9"

/*

1
2
3
S

aSbS

abSaSbS

abab
1
3
1
3
S

aSbS

abS

abaSbS

abab

% 5

ab

< + )T

1 . S aSbS
G : 2 . S bSaS
3 .S

! )L

-9"

4ST N A<

/*

% ST N A<

! )L

J9 ^

abab

< + )T

1.S AaSbB |
G : 2.A Aa | a

J9 ^

3.B bB |
1

3
3
S
AaSbB
AaaSbB
AaaaSbB
aaaaSbB
aaaabB

aaaabbB

aaaabb
1
2
1
2
1
3
S

AaSbB

aaSbB

aaAaSbBbB

aaaaSbBbB

aaaabBbB

aaaabb
-9" ;
/*
% ST N A<
aaaab < +

E
E + E
E * E + E
a * b + b

-9"

2
4
1
4
E

E*E

a*E

a*E + E

a *b + b

-9" ;
&$ %

& !6

/*

1.E E + E
2.E E * E
G:
3.E ( E )
4.E a | b

% ST N A<

l = {w (0 + 1) * | N 0 ( w) = N 1 ( w)}

a *b + b

)T
Y^

K %+ )T

S SS
S 0S1
S 1S 0
S
S aS | bA | cB |
A bA | cB |

&$ %

!6 -C

-C

a *b * c *

"> + ^

B cB |

l = {a n b m c i | 0 n + m i}
S aSc | A
A bAc | B
B cB |

23

$ %

) =

!:

!6

<

BA<6