in t bn dn

Diode
Lp tip gip diode
Diode Zener v s dng IC n p h 78XX v LM317
Diod quang (Optoelectronic Diode)
Transistor
Tnh lng cc transitor
Mch EC
ng m transitor
Ghp ni kiu Darlington
Cch ly quang
FET
Hiu ng trng
Cc loi FET
ng dng MOSFET
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (1)
Cc thit b in t c sn xut bng cch
to tip xc vi m gia cc vng pha tp trong
vt liu bn dn
Vng loi p ca diode gi l anode, vng loi
n ca diode gi l cathode
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (2)
tip gip pn,
electron ca silic loi n
c th khuch tn chim
cc l trng trong silic
loi p to thnh
vng ngho (depletion region)
in trng hnh thnh trong vng ngho do s
khuch tn ca cc electron c s chnh p
c gi l in p tip xc (contact potential)
Vi Si, in p tip xc khong 0.6V 0.7V
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (3)
Ngun in ni vi tip gip pn: cc + ca
ngun ni vi anode, cc ca ngun ni
vi cathode Diode c phn cc thun
(forward biased)
Ni ngc li th diode phn cc ngc
(reverse biased)
Phng trnh diode
1
D
qV
kT
D O
I I e
| |
=
|
\ .
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (4)
M hnh tng t
hot ng ca diode
ng c tnh ca diode
Cc k hiu v hnh nh thc t
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (5)
[T c] Xem tho lun 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (6)
Diode Zener: Diode thc l, diode n p
Phi c phn cc ngc bng in p ln
hn in p nh thng Vz.
C kh nng duy tr in p trn mt di
dng in rng
ng dng?
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (7)
Diode l linh kin bn dn phi tuyn
Ti mt im lm vic
Rt ra
( )
( )
1
in z
z zt
z in z
V V
I I
R
I V V
R

= >
A = A A
z d z
I R V A = A
d
out z in
d
R
V V V
R R
A = A = A
+
Linh kin bn dn: Diode (8)
( ) ( )
( )
( )
max max
max
max
max
mi
ma
n
x
...
Z
L
L
L in Z
in Z
in
Z z Z
in z Z
Z Z
in z Z
L
z
L
V
I
R
I I I
V V
I
R
P I V
V V V
P V
V V V
R R
I
R R
R
=
=

=
=
| |
=
| | |
=
\ . |
\ .

=
Thit k mch n p dng Zener
IC n p chuyn dng
78XX
LM317
2
1
1.25 1
out
R
V V
R
| |
= +
|
\ .
Diode quang
Tnh ton chn in tr
trong mch?
VD ng dng: cc mch clipping
Phn tch mch in c diode
Phi phn tch cn thn v diode l linh kin
c V-I phi tuyn
B1: Gi thit chiu dng in
Nu diode phn cc thun thay diode bng dy dn,
nu diode phn cc ngc thay th bng h mch
B3: p dng KVL v KCL nu kt qu dng
in nhn gi tr m th i chiu
B4: Tnh lp bc 3 n khi dng tnh c
nhn gi tr dng
Linh kin bn dn: Transistor (1)
3 vng: base, collector v emitter
Loi npn
Loi pnp
E C B
BE B E
CE C E
I I I
V V V
V V V
= +
=
=
? ?
? ?
? ?
C E B
BE B E
CE C E
I I I
V V V
V V V
Linh kin bn dn: Transistor (2)
Xt transistor loi npn
base-emitter phn cc
thun. (V
B
>V
E
).
base-collector phn cc
ngc. (V
C
>V
B
)
base rt mng, emitter pha tp nhiu
electron t E qua B qua vng ngho i vo vng C
Dng in quy c ngc chiu electron
KQ: dng base I
B
t base ti emitter v I
C
t collector
ti emitter. I
C
>> I
B
K hiu h
FE
thay
C B
I I | =
Linh kin bn dn: Transistor (3)
Xt mch EC
Nhn xt
I
B
tng, BE dn V
BE
0.6V bt u c I
C
Lin h: I
C
=I
B
Tng I
B
nhng V
BE
0.6 0.7V, I
C
tng
nhanh.
I
C
tng I
C
R
C
tng, V
CE
0.2 V
V
CE
min transistor bo ho
Vng cutoff, vng hot ng
v vng bo ho.
Linh kin bn dn: Transistor (4)
ng dng
Khuch i dng
ng ct
ng ct: quan tm n cutoff v bo ho
Cn thit k sao cho transistor hot ng
ch bo ho
Xem v d 3.4 [2]
Linh kin bn dn: Transistor (5)
Mch EC v EC suy bin
Mch ng ct dng transistor
Nguyn l lm vic
V
BE
<0.7V: I
C
=I
E
=0 (cutoff
hay OF): V
out
= V
C
V
BE
=0.7V, transistor dn (bo
ho hoc ON)
ng dng: bt tt n, ng
c in,
ng dng cng
sut s dng
transistor cng sut.
ng ct dng AC
dng TRIAC.
Cc kiu chn transistor
Ghp ni kiu Darlington
[T c] Ghp 2 transistor ging
nhau. Hot ng nh 1 transistor c
=
1

2
.
Cch ly quang
[T c] Khng m bng dng I
B
m dng
nh sng t led pht. V d: PC817. ng
dng?
Linh kin bn dn: FET (1)
FET = FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS
3 knh: Drain,
Source v Gate
Tm hiu FET
enhancement-mode
knh n
(substrate) loi p, source v drain l loi n.
SiO
2
cch ly vi gate.
v source c ni vi nhau trn trong
Linh kin bn dn: FET (2)
Ni S vi t
t p V
g
> 0 vo
cc gate.
Hnh thnh knh
trong c nhiu electron
iu ny ~ knh n trong
loi p
Ch chiu mi tn
trong biu din FET.
Linh kin bn dn: FET (3)
Hot ng
V
g
= 0 khng c dng Id: cutoff
Khi V
gs
tng dn vt qu in p ngng Vt 2V. Knh
n bt u hnh thnh.
V
ds
tng dn t 0, hin
tng dn in xy ra:
vng hot ng.
Tng V
gs
, knh dn tng
dng tng MOSFET
hot ng nh bin tr
V
gs
V
t
= V
dd
, khng
c in trng knh drain.
chiu rng knh dn co li dng I
d
khng tng: vng
bo ho.
ng dng ca MOSFET (1)
Mch ng ct cng sut
V
g
0 MOSFET ch cutoff
V
g
-V
t
V
dd
MOSFET ch bo ho hon ton
gn nh ton b V
s
i qua ti.
Tham s iu khin MOSFET l in p V
g
.
Nu ti cm cn diode flyback. Ti sao?
ng dng ca MOSFET (2)
ng m tn hiu analog
Tn hiu analog Vin
V
g
= 0V th V
out
= 0V
V
g
> V
in
(max) th V
out
= V
in
???
Chng 3 X l tn hiu analog s
dng Op - Amp
Ni dung
c tnh vo/ra b khuch i
Cch s dng m hnh b khuch i thut ton l
tng trong phn tch mch in
Thit k mch s dng op amp
Thit k mch khuch i o, khng o, K tng,
K sai lch, K vi sai, tch phn, o hm v trch
mu v gi
Nm cc c im trong mt op amp thc
Chng 3
Gii thiu
Tn hiu c t b bin i, chuyn i cc i
lng vt l (vd: nhit , bin dng, lu
lng ) thnh dng in, in p
Tn hiu b bin i thng
Qu nh mV
B nhiu
C cha thng tin sai
C cc offset
B khuch i
Thit b 2 ca
khuch i
in p A
v
.
Tr khng vo
Tr khng ra
Vout nh th Zout nh
out v in
V AV =
in in in
Z V I =
out out out
Z V I = A
Khuch i thut ton (Op Amp)
K hiu v c im
u vo vi sai (o, khng o)
v u ra
L tng: A
v
=
Ngun cp V
s
(thng 15 V)
Phn hi m
( )
( ) ( )
2
out v
c
out v
out c
V A V V
A
V A V V V V
V V V V AV
+
+ +
+
=
= + +
= = =
Khuch i thut ton (Op Amp)
M hnh l tng
Tr khng vo v cng
khuch i v cng
Tr khng ra bng 0
0 I I
+
= =
V V
+
=
Khuch i o (1)
0
in out
c
in C in
out C out F
F
out in
i i
V
V V i R
V V i R
R
V V
R
=

=
=
=
( )
, 0
0
out d
in out
F
in F out in F out
out d
F F
out F F
F
in
d
V A V V V
V V V V
R R
V R V R V R V R
V V A
R R R R
V R R
R R
V R
R
A
+ +

= =

+ =
+ +
= =
+ +
= =
+

Khuch i o (2)
Tho lun: ng dng ca mch phn hi
dng
Khuch i khng o (1)
1
in
in
out in
out
F
in out in out
out out F out F
in out
V
i
R
V V
i
R
i i V i R
V i R i R R
V i R R
=

=
= =
+
= = +
Khuch i khng o (2)
Tho lun: Phn tch mch phn hi dng
Mch ly tng
( )
( )
1 2
1 2
5.8 :
F
out
R R R
CMR Q
V V V
= =
= +
Khuch i sai lch (1)
Khuch i sai lch (2)
1 1
1
F
out
R
V V
R
=
Khuch i sai lch (3)
2 3
1
2 2
1 2
1
1
F
out
F F
out
F
R
V V
R
R R
V V
R R R
| |
= +
|
\ .
| || |
= +
| |
+
\ .\ .
Khuch i sai lch (4)
( )
2
2
1
1
1
2
F
out
out out out
V V V
R
R
V V V
R R
R
= +
=
=
=
Khuch i vi sai (1)
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 1 1 2
2 4 1 2
1 2 1 4
2 2
3 1 2
1 1
2 2
4 1 2
1 1
5 3 4
4
4 3
4 2
2 1
3 1
3 3 5 3
1
1 2
1
5.12
ou
t
t
ou
V V I R
V V I R
V V I R
R R
V V V
R R
R R
V V V
R R
Q
R R R
R
V V V
R R R R
R R
V V V
R R
=
=
=
| |
= +
|
\ .
| |
= + +
|
\
(
| |
= +
( |
\ .

.
+
=
+
Mch tch phn
( )
( )
0
0
1
,
1
out out
t
out out
in
out in in
t
out in
dV i
dt C
V i d
C
V
i i i
R
V V d
RC
t t
t t
=
=
= =
=
}
}
Mch thc t
Mch vi phn
( )
,
in in
out
out in out
in
out
dV i
dt C
V
i i i
R
dV t
V RC
dt
=
= =
=
Mch ly mu v gi
Mch so snh
sat in ref
out
sat in ref
V V V
V
V V V
+ >

=

<

Op amp thc
Slew rate (t s qut)
Rise time
GBP
V.V
SR V t = A A
Cc cu hi tho lun
[Kitchen Sink] trong mch khuch i
Phn hi dng? v hiu ng [Jimi Hendrix]
p ng ca b tch phn, gii thch hnh 5.19
trong ti liu [2]
Khi nhiu tn s cao u vo mch vi phn
bn c xut g?
Chng 4 Tn hiu s
t vn
Tn hiu s v tn hiu tng t
Chuyn i trong h c s
V d
1101
2
=1x2
3
+1x2
2
+0x2
1
+1x2
0
=13
10
123
10
=??
2
H 16 (hexa)
Logic t hp
V d logic t hp
Bi tp: Lp bng chn l cho biu din sau
Gin thi gian
i s Boolean
Tnh cht
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
1 1 1
1 0
A A A
A A A
A A
A A A A A
OR AND
NOT
A B B A
A B B A
A B C A B C A B C A B A C
A B C A B C A B C
A
A C
A A
A B
A A
+ =
+ = =
+ = =
+
=
+ + = + + + = +
=
=
+
+ =
= =
+
+

=
+
=
i s Boolean (2)
nh lut Morgan
A B C A B C
A B C A B C
A B C A B C
A B C A B C
+ + + =
= + + +
+ + + =
= + + +




V d thit k mng logic
Bi ton: H thng cnh bo trong nh
Gia nh ang ng: cnh bo (Alarm) khi c chuyn
ng ca s, ca chnh
Gia nh i chi xa: cnh bo (Alarm) khi c chuyn
ng ca s, ca chnh hoc chuyn ng trong
nh
Hot ng trong nh bnh thng: tt cnh bo
V d thit k mng logic
Cc trng thi
A: Trng thi ca
B: Trng thi pht hin chuyn ng
Y: u ra cnh bo
CD: trng thi hot ng
CD = 01 trng thi hot ng 1
CD = 10 trng thi hot ng 2
CD = 00 trng thi hot ng 3
Cnh bo (Y=1) nu A = 1 & CD = 1 hoc A
hoc B = 1 & CD =10
V d thit k mng logic
Flip Flop (FF)
ng dng: Thit b nh (RAM),
RS Flip Flop (RS FF)
Triggering of Flip-Flops (T FF)
Latch
D (Data) Flip Flop
JK Flip Flop
T (Toogle) Flip Flop
V d
Q: V gin thi gian
ng dng ca FF: Chng rung
ng dng ca FF: Thanh ghi d liu
ng dng ca FF: Giao tip
TTL v CMOS
TTL v CMOS (1)
TTL v CMOS (2)
Ghp ni TTL, CMOS
B m h 10
Gii m LED 7 on
Phn tch IC 7447
u ra ca IC 7447
Schmitt Trigger
IC 555 Timer
Mt vi ng dng IC 555
One - shot
Mt vi ng dng IC 555
To xung
Mt vi ng dng IC 555
To c xung c rng xung 50% khng?