B GIO DC V O TO

I HC NNG



NG NH DNG



NGHIN CU K THUT TM KIM
V NG B CELL TRONG LTE


Chuyn ngnh: K thut in t
M s: 60.52.70



TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT





Nng, Nm 2013




Cng trnh c hon thnh ti
I HC NNG



Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. NGUYN L HNG


Phn bin 1: TS. HUNH VIT THNG


Phn bin 2: TS.NGUYN HONG CM



Lun vn c bo v ti Hi ng chm Lun vn tt nghip
Thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy 02 thng 6
nm 2013



* C th tm hiu lun vn ti :
- Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng
1

M U
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti
Lun vn ny trnh by cch lm th no cc thit b di ng
thit lp nhng kt ni ny n trm t bo pht sng mnh nht
trong vng ln cn n. lm c iu ny, cc thit b di ng
khc phc c nhng thch thc ca c lng knh truyn giao
tip vi cc nh trm v ng b ha tn s. Hn na, nhiu thit b
di ng giao tip cng lc n ngi nhn t cc khong cch khc
nhau. T y, n c ng b ha mt cch tch hp n cc trm
c s. LTE s dng hai tn hiu, tn hiu ng b c s PSS (Primary
Synchronization Signal) v tn hiu ng b th cp SSS (Secondary
Synchronization Signal) mt cch tun t xc nh nhng nh
trm ri m thit b di ng s ng b trong . Lun vn ny s m
phng bng cch s dng Matlab, dng th tc tm kim cell, nhng
phng php lin kt vi n nh c cp y v cc gii
php lm vic .
2. Mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu ca lun vn l nghin cu, hc tp v m phng
th tc tm kim v ng b Cell trong mi trng LTE.
Nghin cu cng ngh OFDM, SC-FDMA, l cng ngh
s dng cho ng xung (downlink) v ng ln (Uplink) ca
LTE.
Xy dng chng trnh m phng.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
Cc k thut ghp knh OFDM, SC-FDMA s dng cho
ng xung v ng ln ca h thng LTE.
2

Nghin cu tn hiu ng b c s, tn hiu ng b th
cp s dng trong th tc tm kim Cell .
ng dng Matlab m phng.
4. Phng php nghin cu
Tm hiu cc yu t c bn trong qu trnh truyn d liu
t thu bao di ng ln knh truyn cng nh qu trnh nhn d liu
t knh truyn v n thu bao (ng Uplink v ng Downlink).
S dng l thuyt v cc tn hiu ng b c s PSS v tn
hiu ng b th cp SSS tm kim v ng b Cell trong qu
trnh truyn d liu.
Vit chng trnh Matlab m phng cc qu trnh ny.
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti
Cng ngh LTE ang hng ti cc mc tiu nh sau:
Tc nh tc thi vi bng thng 20 MHz: Ti
xung 100 Mbps, ti ln 50 Mbps.
Hot ng ti u vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao l
0-15 Km/h. Vn hot ng tt vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao t
15-120 Km/h v vn di tr hot ng khi thu bao di chuyn vi tc
t 120-350 Km/h, thm ch l 500 Km ty bng tn s dng.
t c nhng mc tiu k trn, c rt nhiu cc k
thut mi c p dng, trong ni bt l k thut v tuyn
OFDM, k thut SC-FDMA.
V cc k thut ny c ng dng ti u ha qu trnh
tm kim v ng b Cell trong cc thit b di ng mt cch nhanh
chng nhm tng hiu qu s dng bng thng knh truyn, p ng
nhu cu vin thng ngy cng pht trin c v s lng v cht lng
dch v.
3

6. B CC CA LUN VN
Theo mc tiu v i tng nghin cu trnh by phn
trn, ni dung ca ti s bao gm 3 chng nh sau::
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V LTE
CHNG 2: K THUT OFDMA V SC-FDMA
CHNG 3: TM KIM V NG B CELL
CHNG 1:
TNG QUAN V LTE
1.1. GII THIU V CNG NGH LTE
Cc mc tiu ca cng ngh ny l:
Tc nh tc thi vi bng thng 20 MHz:
Ti xung: 100 Mbps; Ti ln: 50 Mbps
Dung lng d liu truyn ti trung bnh ca mt ngi
dng trn 1 MHz so vi mng HSDPA Rel. 6:
Ti xung: gp 3 n 4 ln; Ti ln: gp 2 n 3 ln.
Hot ng ti u vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao l 0
15 km/h. Vn hot ng tt vi tc t 15 120 km/h. Vn duy tr
c hot ng khi thu bao di chuyn vi tc t 120 350 km/h
(thm ch 500 km/h ty bng tn).
Cc ch tiu trn phi m bo trong bn knh vng ph
sng 5km, gim cht t trong phm vi n 30km. T 30 100 km th.
khng hn ch.
1.2. MC TIU THIT K LTE
Tim nng, dung lng. Hiu sut h thng
Cc vn lin quan n vic trin khai
Kin trc v s dch chuyn (migration) Qun l ti
nguyn v tuyn
4

phc tp
Nhng vn chung
1.2.1. Tim nng cng ngh
1.2.2. Hiu sut h thng
1.2.3. Cc vn lin quan n vic trin khai
1.2.4. linh hot ph v vic trin khai
1.2.5. Kin trc v s dch chuyn (migration)
1.2.6. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
1.2.7. phc tp
1.2.8. Nhng vn chung
CHNG 2:
K THUT OFDMA V SC-FDMA
2.1. GII THIU CHNG
Mc ch chng nhm cung cp cc kin thc v nguyn l
ca cc k thut a truy nhp v tuyn OFDMA v SC-FDMA v l
do s dng cc k thut a truy nhp v tuyn ny trong LTE.
2.2. CC NGUYN L C BN CA OFDM
Nguyn l c bn ca OFDM l chia mt lung d liu tc
cao thnh cc lung d liu tc thp hn v pht ng thi trn
mt s cc sng mang con trc giao.
V bn cht, OFDM l mt trng hp c bit ca phng
thc pht a sng mang theo nguyn l chia dng d liu tc cao
thnh tc thp hn v pht ng thi trn mt s sng mang c
phn b mt cch trc giao. Nh thc hin bin i chui d liu t
ni tip sang song song nn thi gian symbol tng ln. Do , s
phn tn theo thi gian gy bi tri rng tr do truyn dn a ng
(multipath) gim xung.
5

2.3. N SNG MANG (SINGLE CARRIER)
2.4. A SNG MANG (MULTI-CARRIER)
2.5. S TRC GIAO (ORTHOGONAL)
2.5.1. Trc giao min tn s
2.5.2. M t ton hc ca OFDM
2.6. CC K THUT IU CH TRONG OFDM
2.6.1. iu ch BPSK
2.6.2. iu ch QPSK
2.6.3. iu ch QAM
2.6.4. M Gray.
2.7. NG B THI GIAN V NG B TN S TRONG
OFDM
2.7.1. ng b thi gian
2.7.2. ng b tn s
2.8. CC C TNH CA OFDM
2.8.1. u im
2.8.2. Nhc im
2.9. K THUT SC-FDMA
2.9.1. Tng quan SC-FDMA
Mc tiu thit k cho ng uplink ca LTE l cung cp tn
hiu c nh thp hn so vi nh ca tn hiu WCDMA trong khi
ng thi cung cp mt truy cp trc giao khng yu cu pha u
thu xa nhiu lin tip SIC (Successive Interference
Cancellation)[12]. V do , h thng LTE s dng SC-FDMA
(Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) ng
Uplink ca LTE phc v yu cu ny. H thng SC-FDMA
chng minh l c PAPR thp hn khi so snh vi OFDM.
6

2.9.2. Qu trnh truyn nhn d liu trong SC-FDMA
Bt u ca vic nghin cu ny, vic truyn v nhn d liu
ca SC-FDMA gia hai user A v B c thc hin bng cch s
dng chui CAZAC cho vic c lng knh, s dng nh x sng
mang con cc b. V b pht SC-FDMA c thc hin nh trn
hnh 2.22:

Hnh 2.22: B pht SC-FDMA
D liu a vo bao gm nhng thng s sau:
FFT c di 128.
di IFFT cho nh x sng mang con: 512.
D liu u vo: 16 QAM.
Chui CAZAC s dng cho vic c lng knh.
S lng user l 2 v c knh truyn khc nhau.
Trong trng hp SC-FDMA sng mang con cc b, d liu
n IFFT s cho ra c cc thng s nh sau:
1. Mi user chim 64 khe trong tng s 128 khe ca FFT, th
hin trong hnh 2.25 v 2.26
7

2. c lng knh s dng chui CAZAC c truyn tn
hiu tham kho trong mi khe ring ca tng frame. Hnh 2.27 v
2.28 th hin c lng knh s dng chui CAZAC c di 64.
3. FFT c thc hin da trn k thut iu ch 16-QAM t
mi user, v vy m mi s iu ch d liu c tri rng ra trn
tt c cc sng mang con s dng bi UE.
4. D liu t mi user ny c nh x n 64 khe trong 512
khe IFFT.
5. Mi UE sau truyn d liu user tng ng ca n ln
v c nhn bng eNodeB t knh truyn khc.
6. D liu t mi user u phi tri qua hiu ng knh truyn
v nhiu cng bn ngoi.
7. Ti receiver, hiu ng knh c loi b v d liu t mi
user c khi phc li.
2.10. KT LUN CHNG
Chng ny trnh by cc nguyn l chung ca OFDM v
SC-FDMA. OFDM l phng php truyn dn a sng mang cho
php truyn dn v tuyn bng rng vi kh nng tit kim bng
thng nht. V th n c s dng cho m hnh lp vt l OFDMA
ng xung ca LTE. Tuy nhin, do nhc im ca OFDM l n
c PAPR cao. Trong khi SC-FDMA s dng tri ph bng DFT,
cc tn hiu iu ch c truyn ni tip. V th PAPR trong SC-
FDMA thp hn nhiu so vi OFDM, do SC-FDMA c s
dng cho ng ln ca LTE. c bit k thut SC-FDMA vi vic
ng dng chui Zadoff-Chu, h s PAPR thp s c ng dng
trong chng sau dng nghin cu phng php tm kim v
ng b Cell trong mi trng LTE.
8

CHNG 3:
TM KIM V NG B CELL
3.1. GII THIU CHNG
Nghin cu cu trc ca mt Cell v tuyn.
Cc tn hiu ng b c s dng cho qu trnh tm kim
v ng b Cell.
Nghin cu v th tc ng b Cell. Bao gm l thuyt v
m phng.
3.2. NGUYN L HOT NG
Tm kim cell l mt chc nng c bn ca bt k h thng di
ng t bo, trong l vic ng b ha thi gian v tn s thu
c gia cc n v di ng v nh mng. Thc hin thnh cng th
tc tm kim v la chn Cell cng nh vic thu thp thng tin h
thng ban u l iu cn thit cho cc thit b ngi dng trc khi
phi thc hin hn na cc bin php giao tip vi mng. LTE s
dng mt th tc tm kim Cell phn cp, trong mt Cell v tuyn
LTE c xc nh bi mt nhn dng Cell.
H thng LTE bao gm 504 nhn dng cell lp vt l. cha
v qun l s lng nhn dng cell ln ny, nhng nhn dng cell
ny c chia thnh 168 nhm nhn dng lp t bo duy nht. Mi
nhm s bao gm 3 nhn dng lp vt l.
iu ny c biu din bng hai biu thc:
(1)
0...167
ID
N = v
(2)
0,1, 2 (3.1)
ID
N =

3.3. TN HIU NG B
Th tc tm kim Cell phn cp ny c thc hin theo 2
bc bng cch s dng hai tn hiu:
Tn hiu ng b s cp
9

Tn hiu ng b th cp
Cc tn hiu ng b s cp u tin xc nh 1 trong 3 nhn
dng cell (0,1,2) c th hin bi
(2)
ID
N . Sau cc tn hiu ng b
th cp c s dng xc nh 1 nhn dng cell t trong 0 n
167 c th hin bi
(1)
ID
N . Tn hiu c s c da trn chui
Zadoff-Chu, l chui t tng quan Zero bin khng i
(chui CAZAC: Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation)
Chui Zadoff-Chu l mt chui gi tr ton hc phc tp, c
p dng cho cc tn hiu v tuyn, cho ra kt qu l mt tn hiu in
t c bin khng i. Gi tr phc ca mi v tr (n) ca chui
Zadoff-Chu gc (u) c th hin bng biu thc:
( 1)
( )
ZC
un n
j
N
u
x n e
t +

= vi 0
ZC
n N s s (3.2)
ZC
N : di ca chui Zadoff-Chu[18].
3.3.1. Tn hiu ng b s cp
a. S hnh thnh chui
Chui d(n) c s dng cho cc tn hiu ng b s cp c
to ra t mt chui Zadoff-Chu trong min tn s theo biu thc:
( )
( 1)
63
( 1)( 2)
63
0,1,..., 30
( ) 3.3
31, 32,..., 61
un n
j
u
u n n
j
e n
d n
e n
t
t
+

+ +

Bng 3.1: H s gc ca tn hiu ng b s cp

(2)
ID
N H s gc (u)
0 25
1 29
2 34
b. nh x n phn t ngun
Trong LTE s dng 2 kiu cu trc khung dng cho ng
downlink v uplink, l:
10

K thut song cng phn chia theo tn s FDD (Frequency
Division Duplex) (cu trc khung kiu 1).
K thut song cng phn chia theo thi gian TDD (Time
Division Duplex) (cu trc khung kiu 2)
Chui d(n) s c nh x n phn t ngun theo cng thc
sau:
,
( ) 0,1,...., 61
31 (3.4)
2
k l
DL RB
RB SC
a d n n
N N
k n
= =
= +

i vi cu trc khung kiu mt, tn hiu ng b s cp s
c nh x n Symbol OFDM cui cng trong khe 0 v 10.
i vi cu trc khung kiu hai, tn hiu ng b s cp s
c nh x n Symbol OFDM th ba trong khung con 1 v 6. [14].
( )
31 3.5
2
5, 4,..., 1, 62, 63,..., 66
DL RB
RB SC
N N
k n
n
= +
=

3.3.2. Tn hiu ng b th cp
a. S hnh thnh chui
Chui d(0),d(1),,d(61) c s dng cho tn hiu ng b
th cp l mt s ghp xen k gia hai chui nh phn c di l
31. Chui ghp ny c xo trn vi mt chui xo trn ca tn
hiu ng b s cp[6].
T hp ca 2 chui c di 31 ny s to thnh tn hiu ng
b th cp khc nhau gia khung con 0 v khung con 5 theo cng
thc:
11

0
1
( )
0 0
( )
1 0
( ) ( ) 0
(2 ) (3.6)
( ) ( ) 5
m
m
s n c n trong khung con
d n
s n c n trong khung con

0 1
0 1
( ) ( )
1 1 1
( ) ( )
0 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
(2 1) (3.7)
( ) ( ) ( ) 5
m m
m m
s n c n z n trong khung con
d n
s n c n z n trong khung con

+ =

vi 0 30 n s s . Cc h s m
0
m
1
c rt ra t nhm nhn dng cell
lp vt l
(1)
ID
N theo cng thc:
0
1 0
(1)
(1)
(1)
' mod31 (3.8)
( '/ 31 1) mod31 (3.9)
' ( 1) / 2 (3.10)
'( ' 1) / 2
(3.11)
30
' / 30 (3.12)
ID
ID
ID
m m
m m m
m N q q
N q q
q
q N
=
= + +
(

= + +
( + +
=
(

( =


Hai chui
0
( )
0
( )
m
s n v
1
( )
1
( )
m
s n c nh ngha bng hai
php dch vng khc nhau ca ( ) s n theo cng thc:
0
1
( )
0 0
( )
1 1
( ) (( ) mod31) (3.13)
( ) (( ) mod31) (3.14)
m
m
s n s n m
s n s n m
= +
= +
Vi ( ) 1 2 ( ), 0 30 s i x i i = s s , v x(i) c nh ngha bng:
( 5) ( ( 2) ( )) mod2, 0 25
(3.15)
(0) 0, (1) 0, (2) 0, (3) 0, (4) 1.
x i x i x i i
x x x x x
+ = + + s s

= = = = =

Hai chui xo trn

0
( ) c n v
1
( ) c n ph thuc vo tn hiu ng
b s cp v c nh ngha bng hai php dch vng khc nhau ca
chui ( ) c n nh sau:
(2)
0
(2)
1
( ) (( ) mod31) (3.16)
( ) (( 3) mod31) (3.17)
ID
ID
c n c n N
c n c n N
= +
= + +

12

Vi
(2)
{0,1, 2}
ID
N e l nhn dng lp vt l nm trong nhm
nhn dng Cell lp vt l
(1)
ID
N , cn ( ) c i c nh ngha bng:
( ) 1 2 ( ), 0 30 (3.18)
( 5) ( ( 3) ( )) mod2, 0 25 (3.19)
(0) 0, (1) 0, (2) 0, (3) 0, (4) 1 (3.20)
c i x i i
x i x i x i i
x x x x x
= s s
+ = + + s s

= = = = =

Hai chui xo trn
0
( )
1
( )
m
z n v
1
( )
1
( )
m
z n c nh ngha bng
php dch vng ( ) z n nh sau:
0
1
( )
1 0
( )
1 1
( ) (( ( mod8)) mod31) (3.21)
( ) (( ( mod8)) mod31) (3.22)
m
m
z n z n m
z n z n m
= +
= +

Vi
0
m v
1
m c ly t bng 4.2 v ( ) z i c nh ngha
nh sau:
( ) 1 2 ( ), 0 25 (3.23)
( 5) ( ( 4) ( 2) ( 1) ( )) mod2, 0 25
(0) 0, (1) 0, (2) 0, (3) 0, (4) 1. (3.24)
z i x i i
x i x i x i x i x i i
x x x x x
= s s
+ = + + + + + + s s

= = = = =

b. nh x n phn t ngun
S dng bng 3.2 tra cc h s
(1)
ID
N v cc h s
0
m ,
1
m
3.4. TH TC NG B CELL
1. UE xc nh Symbol bt u.
2. UE tm kim mt Cell v thc hin ng b gn ng.
3. UE xc nh tn s sng mang.
4. UE thc hin vic ng b thi gian
5. UE thc hin ng b tn s chnh xc.
3.4.1. D tm tn hiu ng b s cp (PSS)
Symbol bt u c xc nh bng cch kim tra nh tam
gic trong t l tng quan cho v hm t tng quan c m t
trn hnh 3.11. Hnh 3.12 cho thy nh thu c ti symbol bt u.
13


Hnh 3.11: S c lng Symbol bt u s dng
hm tng quan cho v hm t tng quan

Hnh 3.12: Xc nh di ca Symbol.
14

By gi, UE c mt la chn tn hiu nhn c t mt
trong ba chui m n bit. UE thc hin iu ny vi 2 quan tm:
1. Tn hiu tri qua 1 vng xoay pha trong khi di chuyn
t cell v tuyn n UE.
2. Tn hiu tr qua s suy hao trn knh truyn v UE c
c lng knh truyn s dng vi tn hiu ng b th cp SSS.
m phng, n c gi nh rng PSS vi h s gc 25
l tn hiu truyn t Cell v tuyn. Hnh 3.13 cho thy kt qu tng
quan ti ngi nhn khi c mt la chn chnh xc trong chui v
khng c lch tn s. Hnh 3.14 cho thy kt qu tng quan
ngi nhn khi c mt la chn chnh xc ca chui vi lch 15
KHz.

Hnh 3.13: Hm t tng quan ca chui PSS vi chnh n
v khng c dch pha
15


Hnh 3.14: Hm t tng quan gia tn hiu nhn c
v chui UE vi root 25.
Ngoi ra, UE bit v tr nh cao nht ca bin khi khng c
lch v ty thuc vo v tr ca nh n tm thy khi n pht hin
PSS, n c th tnh ton lch ny. Trong trng hp ny, n
c xc nh lch tn s 15 KHz, nh di chuyn bng mt ngn
tn s. By gi UE xc nh lch m n phi iu chnh khi
nhn tn hiu ng b th cp SSS. Lc ny, UE bit chui PSS m
n nhn c, ng thi n c mt chui tham kho ca tn hiu v
xc nh c lch ca tn s, UE by gi c th bt u c
lng knh truyn bng cch s dng chui tham kho ca tn hiu
ban u.
Nu chui truyn dn l X, chui nhn c sau nhng hiu
ng ca knh truyn l Y, v knh truyn c k hiu l H th trong
min tn s ta c:
Y=XH, khi knh truyn H c th c xc nh bng:
16

Y
H
X
=
Nghch o c lng ca knh ny c th thay th trong
chui nhn c. Hnh 3.17 cho thy min thi gian ca cc knh
thc t v knh c lng v hnh 3.18 cho thy min tn s ca cc
knh thc t v knh c lng.

Hnh 3.17:Biu din min thi gian ca knh thc t
v knh c c lng

Hnh 3.18: Biu din min tn s ca knh thc t
v knh c lng.
17

Kt thc ca cc bc trn, UE bit c:
1. Bin ca Symbol.
2. H s gc ca Cell.
3. nh thi khung con (trong phn 4.1 m t trong h thng
FDD, PSS c truyn trong cc khung con 0 v khung con 5. V
vy, vi s pht hin ca PSS, UE bit n c ng b vi mt
trong hai khung con ny. Cho d l khung con 0 hay khung con 5
th n cng c th ng b nh thi khung m n s c thc hin
vi s pht hin ca SSS)
4. c lng knh truyn.
3.4.2. D tm tn hiu ng b th cp (SSS)
thun tin cho vic m phng, by gi ta gi s UE pht
hin PSS trong khung con 0. V vy, SSS by gi s l:
0
0 1
( )
0 0
( ) ( )
1 1 1
(2 ) ( ) ( )
(2 1) ( ) ( ) ( )
m
m m
d n s n c n
d n s n c n z n
=
+ =

vi
0
( ) c n v
1
( ) c n nhn c t PSS.
S khi trong hnh 3.19 h tr trong vic gii cc xo trn
trong tn hiu SSS[19]. Cc bc sau y minh ha cho vic pht
hin SSS (mc tiu chnh l pht hin
0
m ,
1
m UE sau s
dng bng 3.2 v thu c gi tr nhn dng Cell). Trong m phng
ca lun vn ny, ti chn
0
m = 25 v
1
m = 26
1. Hiu ng knh truyn c loi b t SSS v bt k
lch tn s no c xc nh trc s c iu chnh li cho
ng.
2. Tn hiu thu c s c gii an xen (de-interleaved)
trong phn chn v phn l ca n, l d(2n) v d(2n+1). T y
18

(2)
ID
N c bit t PSS, m an xen
0
( ) c n c xc nh t
UE v c th xc nh c tn hiu thu c.
0
( )
0 0
(2 ) ( ) ( )
m
d n s n c n =

Hnh 3.19: S khi cho vic pht hin SSS.
19

y,
0
m l gi tr cha c xc nh. N c th c tm
thy t bng 3.2 vi c hai
0
m v
1
m c gi tr nm t 0 n 30. V
vy by gi UE so snh tng quan vi cc tn hiu khi phc bng
30 bn sao ca
0
( )
0
m
s ra quyt nh la chn ph hp. Hnh 3.20
cho thy kt qu b tng quan vi nhng chui la chn ph hp
vi thnh phn chn
0
s v hnh 3.21 cho thy kt qu b tng quan
vi nhng chui la chn khng ph hp vi thnh phn chn ca
0
s


Hnh 3.20: Tn hiu ng bng b tng quan gii an xen phn
chn
20


Hnh 3.21: Tn hiu sai ca b tng quan
gii an xen phn chn.
Chng ta thy rng, thnh phn nh ca c hai l gn nh
ging nhau, nhng nh ca chui la chn ng l ti v tr bt u
ca chui, v l mt lch cho tt c cc tng quan khc. By
gi UE xc nh c
0
m v
1
m , nhng lc ny n khng bit n
c cha trong khung con no, chng ta k hiu n l M. Trong
trng hp lun vn ny, M c xc nh l 25.
3. By gi, UE bit gi tr
0
m v
1
m , n s dng cc gi
tr ny khi phc chui z, theo cng thc:
0
( )
1 0
( ) (( ( mod8))mod31)
m
z n z n m = +
4. T phng trnh phn 4.2:
0
1
( )
0 0
( )
1 0
( ) ( ) 0
(2 )
( ) ( ) 5
m
m
s n c n trong khung con
d n
s n c n trong khung con

0 1
0 1
( ) ( )
1 1 1
( ) ( )
0 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
(2 1)
( ) ( ) ( ) 5
m m
m m
s n c n z n trong khung con
d n
s n c n z n trong khung con

+ =

21

Da vo phng trnh ny ta nhn ra nhng vn sau:
5. UE c xc nh nm trong khung con 0,
0
c c bit t
UE,
0
m c xc nh t
0
s . S dng cc gi tr ny, ta khi phc
c chui
1
z .
6. Lc ny
1
c cng c th c khi phc bng cch s dng
chui bit ca
(2)
ID
N .
7. Dng chui
1
s so snh tng quan vi 30 chui nhn c
u thu tm ra gi tr ng v t tm ra gi tr
1
m (k hiu l
M).
8. Nhng ti u thu vn cha xc nh c gi tr ny nm
trong khung con 0 hay khung con 1. Lc ny n s s dng gi tr M
v M t cc bc trn v pht hin ra c gi tr ca
(1)
ID
N t bng
4.2.
9. Trong phn m phng ny,
0
m = 25 v
1
m = 26. Hnh
3.22 cho thy kt qu tng quan ca mt la chn chnh xc ca
phn l ca tn hiu
1
s v hnh 4.23 cho thy kt qu ca mt chui
la chn sai ca phn l ca chui truyn
1
s .

Hnh 3.22: La chn ng cho phn l ca tn hiu an xen.
22


Hnh 3.23: La chn sai cho phn l ca tn hiu an xen.
By gi chng ta c M(25) v M(26) v
0
m lun lun nh
hn
1
m . Do ta c
0
m = 25 v
1
m = 26
T bng 3.2 ta rt ra:
(1)
ID
N = 25.
V vy by gi gi tr ca nhn dng Cell l:
(1) (2)
3
cell
ID ID ID
N N N = +
3*25 0 75
cell
ID
N = + =
Vi s xc nh ny th UE cng ng thi xc nh c gi
tr ca khung con m mnh cha trong . Nh vy l chng ta cng
hon thnh vic ng b thi gian ca khung.
Kt thc cc bc ny, UE c:
1. Xc nh c Cell v tuyn ID.
2. ng b thi gian v tn s vi Cell v tuyn.
23

3. Sn sng nhn d liu qung b ng Downlink ca
Cell v tuyn.
3.5. KT LUN CHNG
Qua vic nghin cu v cc tn hiu ng b, ng dng chui
Zadoff-Chu cho vic tm kim v ng b Cell trong LTE, kt hp
vi vic s dng Matlab m phng, ta hon thnh cng vic
quan trng ca lun vn ny, l thit b ngi dng tm kim Cell
mt di ng c sng mnh nht trong vng ph, kt ni ng b vo
n. Tuy nhin, i vi thit b di ng tng lai, vic di chuyn vi
tc cao, khi di chuyn trong vng ph ca nhiu Cell, s xy ra
trng hp Cell ang kt ni khng cn l Cell c sng mnh nht
na, khi vic la chn li Cell s l yu cu cp thit. Vic la
chn li Cell mi c sng mnh hn ny chnh l vn m ca lun
vn ny. C th c pht trin tip theo sau ny.

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN TI
1. Kt lun
Lun vn thc s ny nghin cu, hc tp v m phng th
tc tm kim v ng b Cell trong LTE. Qu trnh nghin cu ny
lm r c mt s vn sau y:
Nghin cu k thut SC-FDMA, c s dng cho ng
ln trong LTE. Mc d l n phc tp hn nhiu so vi OFDMA
nhng n c c PAPR thp, l mt tnh nng quan trng ca
SC-FDMA v iu ny lm chng ta phi s dng n ti ng ln
ca h thng LTE. Trong lun vn ny, chng ta quan st vic
truyn d liu s dng cng ngh SC-FDMA t thu bao di ng n
cc cell site cho hai user, c lng knh s dng chui CAZAC
24

v gii iu ch chui con ti b thu. Trong h thng SC-FDMA,
chng ta s dng chui CAZAC cho c lng knh truyn. c
lng knh truyn quan trng trong vic gim thiu hiu ng ca
knh bng cch s dng mt b cn bng knh.
Nghin cu v lm r cc thuc tnh ca chui Zadoff
Chu cho thy nhng thuc tnh tng quan ca n khin n tr
thnh mt la chn hiu qu cho tn hiu ng b s cp. Ngoi ra
lun vn cng nghin cu cc vn ca ng b thi gian v tn
s, c lng knh truyn v m phng cc th tc khc phc
nhng vn ny bng Matlab. Lun vn ny cung cp tm quan
trng ca ng b thi gian v tn s cho vic gii iu ch ti b
thu d liu.
2. Hng pht trin ca ti:
Lun vn p ng nhng yu cu ra trong vic tm kim
v ng b cell ca h thng LTE. Tuy nhin, lun vn ch mi dng
kha cnh tm kim ra Cell trong vng ph sng v ng b vo n.
iu ny xy ra hn ch l lm th no chn la v ng b li
c vi Cell ti u mi khi thit b di ng di chuyn trong vng
ph sng ca nhiu Cell cng mt lc v Cell ang kt ni khng
cn l Cell mnh nht trong vng ph sng na. cng chnh l
vn cn gii quyt nng cao cht lng ca mng di ng
tng lai.