Steve Wheeler

Institute of Education
Plymouth University
Digital Learning Futures
3 things you should know about the
future of learning

Can we predict the Future...?
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Can we predict the Future...?
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One day every town in America will have a
telephone!
-U.S. Mayor, (c 1880)

1: The future is
unpredictable
For the first
time we are
preparing
learners for a
future we
cannot clearly
describe.

- David Warlick
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http://www.digitaltrends.com
It is impossible
to predict the
future with great
accuracy
Michio Kaku
The Future...?
1989: The future is multi-media
1999: The future is the Web
hof.povray.org
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The Future...?
1989: The future is multi-media
1999: The future is the Web
2009: The future is smart mobile
hof.povray.org
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http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/communications/internet-minute-infographic.html
The First Mobile Phone
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Photo by Steve Wheeler
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http://www.sabotagetimes.com/life/a-vision-of-the-future-from-1910/
Learning 2000
Villemard
http://www.sabotagetimes.com/life/a-vision-of-the-future-from-1910/
Learning 2000
Villemard
Disruptive Technology
Social, political,
and economic
systems change
incrementally,
but technology
changes
exponentially.

Larry Downes
Law of Disruption
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4 to
5 Years
2 to
3 Years
1 Year
or Less
Great Expectations 2014
Flipped Classroom
Learner Analytics
3D Printing
Games and Gamification
The Quantified Self
Virtual Assistants

Graphics concept by Steve Wheeler
Source: http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/2014-horizon-report
Time to adoption Emerging Technology
Ubiquitous connection
c
c


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http://i.imwx.com
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The future is already here it's just not
very evenly distributed William Gibson
http://intergalacticrobot.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/helen-oloy.html
2: The future can be
found in the past
Facsimile machine (1843)
Facsimile machine (1843)
Tablet computer first seen in movie 2001 (1968)

(from: Nicky Hockley)
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Pedagogy
first
Students taking notes
Photo: Lori Cullen
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We learn by making (Papert, 1960)
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Learning
2.0
User
generated
content
Learning by making
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Learning
2.0
Curation
Collaborating
Sharing and
Amplifying
Voting
Networking
User
generated
content
Architecture of participation
Tagging and
Bookmarking
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Aggregation
The stuff of motivation
Adapted from: Maslow, A. H. (1954) Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper.
Transcendence
Biological and Physiological needs
Safety needs
Esteem needs
Belonging and Love needs
Cognitive needs
Aesthetic needs
Self Ac
Adapted from: Maslow, A. H. (1954) Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper.
Being Needs
Deficiency Needs
Purpose
Autonomy
Mastery
Adapted from: Pink, D. H. (2009) Drive: The Surprising Truth about What Motivates
Us. New York, NY: Penguin.
Intrinsic Motivation
Maslow Hierarchy Pink Motivators Game Dynamics
Avoidance of RSI, eyestrain etc
Rest, hydration, food etc
Social cohesion, friends, guilds
Status, achievement, rank
Intellectual challenges
User interfaces, game design
Adapted from Michael Wu: http://lithosphere.lithium.com/t5/science-of-social-
blog/Gamification-101-The-Psychology-of-Motivation/ba-p/21864
Points, badges, progression
Quests, discovery, epic
meaning etc
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SKILLS
Low High
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Boredom S
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi, 1991
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Low High
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Boredom S
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi (1991) and Killi (2009)
P1
P2
P3
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SKILLS
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Boredom S
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi (1991) and Killi (2009)
P1
P2
P3
P4
Beyond my reach
What I can learn with help
(ZPD)
ZPD and scaffolding
What I can
learn on my
own
Technology and tools
Knowledgeable others
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SKILLS
Low High
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Anxiety
Boredom S
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Adapted from: Csikszentmihalyi (1991) and Killi (2009)
http://sellyourstoryuk.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Old-and-Young-Computer.jpg
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Bring Your Own Device
User Generated Content
Open content/curricula

3: We can invent our
own futures
Photo: Steve Wheeler
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Photo: Steve Wheeler
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Photo: Steve Wheeler
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Twitter is not just about breakfast!
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Twitter as a library
Twitter as a street corner
Twitter as a broadcast channel
Twitter as amplification
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#hashtags
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Funnels of Webs
The current search for new educational funnels must
be reversed into the search for their institutional
inverse: educational webs which heighten the
opportunity for each one to transform each moment
of his living into one of learning, sharing, and
caring. Ivan Illich (1972)
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Funnels or Webs?
Our learning future
http://le-flaneur.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/office-workers.jpg
Mass working...
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... led to mass synchronisation
http://www.delasallewaterford.com
Linear thinking
Conformity
Standardisation
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The computer room...
http://www.hseb.utah.edu
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My
PLE
My
e-portfolio
My PLN
Other
Tools
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Personal Learning
Environments
Graphic by Steve Wheeler
Personal Learning Environment
Source: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com/2010/07/anatomy-of-ple.html
Steve Wheeler & Manish Malik (2010)
Personal Learning Networks
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning Networks
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning Networks
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Personal Learning Networks
Photo by Steve Wheeler
Personal Learning Networks
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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I store my knowledge
with my friends
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Connectivism Paragogy
Wisdom of Crowds
Photo: Steve Wheeler
Crowdsourcing Knowledge
Community as curriculum
Photo: Steve Wheeler
MOOC
CONNECTIVIST
X C
Embedded MOOCs?
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Lee Harvey and the Wailers
(Lee Harvey did not jam alone)
http://www.myspace.com/hsu/photos/6850630
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60% of all Internet
pages contain
misleading
information.

- Thomas Edison
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60% of all Internet
pages contain
misleading
information.

- Thomas Edison
We need digital wisdom
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Learners will need new literacies
Social networking
Privacy maintenance
Identity management
Creating content
Organising content
Reusing and repurposing
Filtering and selecting
Self presention
Transliteracy

http://www.mopocket.com/
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Leaning 2.0 Digital Literacies
Mastery
Literacies
Competencies
Skills
Graphic by Steve Wheeler (2013)
A tsunami of content
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Self Organising Learning Spaces
Photo by William Murphy: http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3146778883
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Self Organising Learning Spaces
Photo by William Murphy: http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3146778883
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Flip the roles, not just the classroom
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Bearpit Pedagogy
http://open.salon.com
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The way he constantly asks us to
speak in his lectures rather than him
allows us all to engage in, sometimes
heated, discussions.
(one of my students)
The Future...?
1989: The future is multi-media
1999: The future is the Web
2009: The future is smart mobile
2012: The future is pervasive tech
hof.povray.org
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Learning 3.0
Distributed (Cloud) computing
Extended smart mobile technology
Collaborative intelligent filtering
3D visualisation and interaction S
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Future Learning Topology
Distributed (Cloud) Computing
3D Visualisation and Interaction
Smart Mobile Technology
Collaborative
Intelligent
Filtering
Infrastructure
Interface
Tools
Interaction
Graphic by Steve Wheeler
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/lonqueta/5815215233/
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/lonqueta/5815215233/
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"We can't solve problems by using the
same kind of thinking we used when we
created them. Albert Einstein
Thank you

W: http://steve-wheeler.net
E: swheeler@plymouth.ac.uk
B: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com
T: @timbuckteeth
Photo by Steve Wheeler