Gia o Trinh Auto Cad 2004 PDF

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 1

Mc lc

I. M u Gii thiu chung.............................................................................. 3
1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng............................................3
2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad....................................................................................3
3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad ...............................................................................................4
4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit...........................................................................................4
5. Cc quy c ..........................................................................................................................5
II. Cc lnh v File............................................................................................... 5
1. To File bn v mi. .............................................................................................................5
2. Lu File bn v. ....................................................................................................................5
3. M bn v c sn. .................................................................................................................5
4. ng bn v..........................................................................................................................6
5. Thot khi AutoCad..............................................................................................................6
III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im............................ 6
1. H to s dng trong AutoCad ........................................................................................6
2. Cc phng php nhp to ...............................................................................................8
3. Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Objects Snap) ....................................................8
4. Lnh Osnap (OS) gn ch chuy bt im thng tr.....................................................10
5. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to ) ........................................10
6. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to ) ........................................11
IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn.................................................................. 12
1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS .............................................................................12
2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM. ..............................12
3. Lnh y bn v Pan...........................................................................................................13
4. n v o bn v.................................................................................................................13
5. Lnh Snap, lnh Grid, lnh Ortho.......................................................................................13
6. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v.........................................................................................14
V. Cc Lnh v c bn. ...................................................................................... 15
1. Lnh v ng thng Line (L) ( hc trn)...................................................................15
2. Lnh v ng trn Circle (C) ( hc trn)...................................................................15
3. Lnh v cung trn Arc (A).................................................................................................15
4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL) : ng c b rng nt ...............................................16
5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)...................................................................................17
6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC) ...............................................................................17
7. Lnh v Elip Ellipse (EL) ..................................................................................................18
8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong.........................................................18
9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v MLedit...................................................................19
10. Lnh v im Point (PO) .................................................................................................. 21
11. Lnh nh kiu im Ddptype .......................................................................................... 21
12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)......................................22
13. Lnh chia i tng ra cc on c chiu di bng nhau Measure (ME).........................22
VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn. ..........................................................................22
1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E) .............................................................................................22
2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops................................................................................. 22
3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U) .........................................................................22
4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo.......................................................................23
5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R).....................................................23
6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE).............................................................23
VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh............................................................ 23
1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O) ........................23
2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR).......................................................23
3. Lnh ct m rng Extrim.................................................................................................... 24
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 2
4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR) ..........................................24
5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX) ..................................................25
6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)...........................................................25
7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA).............................................................................26
8. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)...........................................27
9. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit ..........................................................................................27
VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh...........................................................29
1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M) ........................................................................................29
2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co) ...................................................................................29
3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO) ..................................................30
4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC) .................................................................30
5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI)...................................................................................31
6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S)........................................................................ 31
7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)...........................................................................................32
IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu..........................................33
1. To lp mi Lnh Layer (L) ...............................................................................................33
2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype.........................36
3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale .....................................................................................36
4. Bin CELTSCALE..............................................................................................................36
X. Hnh ct mt ct v v k hiu vt liu....................................... 37
1. Trnh t v mt ct ..............................................................................................................37
2. V mt ct bng lnh Hatch (H) hoc BHatch....................................................................37
3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit ....................................................................................39
XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn................................................................... 40
1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn...................................................................................40
2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle....................................... 40
3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text .................................................................................40
4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en. .....................................................................41
5. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT) .................................................................................41
6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED) ...............................................................................41
XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc............................................................ 42
1. Cc thnh phn kch thc..................................................................................................42
2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style.......................42
3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc thng ............................................................................................50
4. Cc lnh ghi kch thc hng tm....................................................................................54
5. Cc lnh ghi kch thc khc..............................................................................................55
6. Lnh hiu chnh kch thc ................................................................................................57
XIII. To khi v ghi khi. ............................................................................. 58
1. Lnh to khi Block............................................................................................................58
2. Lnh chn Block vo bn v Insert .....................................................................................60
3. Lnh lu Block thnh File dng nhiu ln (lnh Wblock).............................................63
4. Lnh ph v Block l Explode hoc Xplode....................................................................... 64
XIV. In bn v. ......................................................................................................... 65

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 3
AutoCAD 2004
I. M u Gii thiu chung
AutoCAD l phn mm mnh tr gip thit k, sng tc trn my tnh ca hng
AUTODESK (M) sn xut.
Hin ti ngi ta hay dng cc th h AutoCAD sau.
Th h Th h Thi gian
Version 2.1-Release 6 Release 14 05-1997
Version 2.5-Release 7 AutoCAD 2000 2000

1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng
Phn mm AutoCAD l phn mm thit k thng dng cho cc chuyn ngnh c kh
chnh xc v xy dng. Bt u t th h th 10 tr i phm mm AutoCAD c ci tin
mnh m theo hng 3 chiu v tng cng thm cc tin ch thn thin vi ngi dng.
T th h AutoCAD 10 phn mm lun c 2 phin bn song hnh. Mt phin bn chy
trn DOS v mt phin bn chy trn WINDOWS, xong phi n th h AutoCAD 14 phn
mm mi tng thch ton din vi h iu hnh WINDOWS v khng c phin bn chy trn
DOS no na.
AutoCAD c mi quan h rt thn thin vi cc phn mm khc nhau p ng c
cc nhu cu s dng a dng nh : Th hin, m phng tnh, m phng ng, bo co, lp h
s bn v.
i vi cc phn mm ho v m phng, AutoCAD to lp cc khi m hnh ba
chiu vi cc ch d bn v hp l, lm c s to cc bc nh mu v hot cnh cng trnh .
AutoCAD cng nhp c cc bc nh vo bn v lm nn cho cc bn v k thut mang
tnh chnh xc.
i vi cc phn mm vn phng ( MicroSoft Office ), AutoCAD xut bn v sang hoc
chy trc tip trong cc phn mm dng nhng (OLE). Cng tc ny rt thun tin cho
vic lp cc h s thit k c km theo thuyt minh, hay trnh by bo v trc mt hi ng.
i vi cc phn mm thit k khc. AutoCAD to lp bn nn c th pht trin
tip v b xung cc thuc tnh phi a l, nh trong h thng thng tin a l (GIS)
Ngoi ra AutoCAD cng c c nhiu tin ch mnh, gip thit k t ng cc thnh
phn cng trnh trong kin trc v xy dng lm cho AutoCAD ngy cng p ng tt hn nhu
cu thit k hin nay.

2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad
C th ni, kh nng v v v chnh xc l u th chnh ca AutoCad. Phn mm c th
th hin tt c nhng tng thit k trong khng gian ca nhng cng trnh k thut. S tnh
ton ca cc i tng v da trn c s cc to cc im v cc phng trnh khi phcs
tp, ph hp vi thc tin thi cng cc cng trnh xy dng.
AutoCad sa cha v bin i c tt c cc i tng v ra. Kh nng cng ngy
cng mnh v thun tin cc th h sau. Cng vi kh nng b cc mi cc i tng,
AutoCad to iu kin t hp nhiu hnh khi t s t cc i tng ban u, rt ph hp vi
tng sng tc trong ngnh xy dng.
AutoCad c cc cng c to phi cnh v h tr v trong khng gian ba chiu mnh,
gip c cc gc nhn chnh xc ca cc cng trnh nh trong thc t.
AutoCad cung cp cc ch v thun tin, v cng c qun l bn v mnh, lm cho
bn v c t chc c khoa hc, my tnh x l nhanh, khng mc li, v nhiu ngi c th
tham gian trong qu trnh thit k.
Cui cng, AutoCad cho php in bn v theo ng t l, v xut bn v ra cc lai tp
khc nhau tng thch vi nhiu th loi phn mm khc nhau.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 4
3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad
Khi ng AutoCad
- Bt my, bt mn hnh
- Nhp p phm tri ca chut vo biu tng AutoCad 2004.
- Hoc dng chut vo Start/Programs/AutoCad 2004.
- Ti hp hi thoi hin ln, ta nhp chut vo Start from Scratch, chn h n v do Metric,
sau nhp OK.
Cc cch vo lnh trong AutoCad
Vo lnh t bn phm c th hin dng "Command". Cc lnh c dch ra nhng
ngn t thng dng ca ting Anh, nh line, pline, arc v thng c lnh vit tt. Khi ang
thc hin mt lnh, mun g lnh mi, cn nhp phm ESC trn bn phm.
Vo lnh t thc n th c thc hin thng qua chut. Cng c th vo lnh t thc n
mn hnh bn phi
Vo lnh t nhng thanh cng c. Nhng thanh cng c ny c thit k theo nhm lnh.
Mi k hiu thc hin mt lnh.
Cc cch vo lnh u c gi tr ngang nhau. Tu theo thi quen v tin nghi ca mi
ngi s dng m p dng. Thng th ta kt hp gia g lnh vo bn phm v dng thanh
cng c hay thc n s xung.

4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit
- F1 : Tr gip Help
- F2 : Chuyn t mn hnh ho sang mn hnh vn bn v ngc li.
- F3 : (Ctrl + F) Tt m ch truy bt im thng tr (OSNAP)
- F5 : (Ctrl + E) Chuyn t mt chiu ca trc o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc.
- F6 : (Ctrl + D) Hin th ng to ca con chut khi thay i v tr trn mn hnh
- F7 : (Ctrl + G) M hay tt mng li im (GRID)
- F8 : (Ctrl + L) Gii hn chuyn ng ca chut theo phng thng ng hoc nm ngang
(ORTHO)
- F9 : (Ctrl + B) Bt tt bc nhy (SNAP)
- F10 : Tt m dng trng thi Polar
- Phm ENTER : Kt thc vic a mt cu lnh v nhp cc d liu vo my x l.
- Phm BACKSPACE ( <-- ): Xo cc k t nm bn tri con tr.
- Phm CONTROL : Nhp phm ny ng thi vi mt phm khc s gy ra cc hiu qu khc
nhau tu thuc nh ngha ca chng trnh (V d : CTRL + S l ghi bn v ra a)
- Phm SHIFT : Nhp phm ny ng thi vi mt phm khc s to ra mt k hiu hoc kiu
ch in.
- Phm ARROW (cc phm mi tn ): Di chuyn con tr trn mn hnh.
- Phm CAPSLOCK : Chuyn gia kiu ch thng sang kiu ch in.
- Phm ESC : Hu lnh ang thc hin.
- R (Redraw) : Ty sch mt cch nhanh chng cc du "+" ( BLIPMODE )
- DEL : thc hin lnh Erase
- Ctrl + P : Thc hin lnh in Plot/Print
- Ctrl + Q : Thc hin lnh thot khi bn v
- Ctrl + Z : Thc hin lnh Undo
- Ctrl + Y : Thc hin lnh Redo
- Ctrl + S : Thc hin lnh Save , QSave
- Ctrl + N : Thc hin lnh To mi bn v New
- Ctrl + O : Thc hin lnh m bn v c sn Open
Chc nng ca cc phm chut:
- Phm tri dng chn i tng v chn cc v tr trn mn hnh.
- Phm phi, tng ng vi phm ENTER trn bn phm, khng nh cu lnh.
- Phm gia (thng l phm con ln) dng kch hot tr gip bt im, hoc khi xoay th s
thu phng mn hnh tng ng.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 5
5. Cc quy c
H to :
Mi im trong khng gian c xc nh bng 1 h to x, y, z vi 3 mt phng c bn xy,
xz, yz.
n v o:
Thc t thit k trong ngnh xy dng cho thy, n v thng dng v l mm. Do vy nhn
chung, ta c th quy c rng:
Mt n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi mt mm trn thc t
Gc xoay:
- Gc v phng hng trong AutoCad c quy nh nh sau:
Gc 0 Tng ng vi hng ng
Gc 90 Tng ng vi hng Bc
Gc 180 Tng ng vi hng Ty
Gc 270/-90 Tng ng vi hng Nam
- Trong mt phng hai chiu, xoay theo chiu kim ng h l gc m (-), ngc
chiu kim ng h l gc dng (+).

II. Cc lnh v File
1. To File bn v mi.
Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar
File\New... New hoc Ctrl + N

Xut hin hp thoi : Create New Drawing
- Chn biu tng th 2 : Start from Scratch
- Chn nt trn : Metric ( chn h mt cho bn v )
- Cui cng nhn nt OK hoc nhn phm ENTER
Lc nu gii hn bn v l 420 x 297 (kh giy A4)
Ch : Trong trng hp khng xut hin Hp thoi Create New Drawing ta vo CAD
sau vo Tools\Options\System tip theo chn Show Traditional Startup Dialog trong
khung General Options
2. Lu File bn v.
File\Save... Save hoc Ctrl + S

+ Trng hp bn v cha c ghi thnh File th sau khi thc hin lnh Save xut hin
hp thoi Save Drawing As ta thc hin cc bc sau.
- Chn th mc, a mc: Save In
- t tn File vo : File Name
- Chn Files of type chn ghi File vi cc phin bn Cad trc ( Nu cn)
- Cui cng nhn nt SAVE hoc nhn phm ENTER
Ch : Nu thot khi CAD m cha ghi bn v th AutoCad c hi c ghi bn v
khng nu ta chn YES th ta cng thc hin cc thao tc trn
+ Trng hp bn v c ghi thnh File th ta ch cn nhp chut tri vo biu
tng ghi trn thanh cng c hoc nhn phm Ctrl + S lc ny Cad t ng cp nht nhng thay
i vo file c ghi sn .
3. M bn v c sn.
File\Open... Save hoc Ctrl + O

Xut hin hp thoi : Select File
- Chn th mc v a cha File cn m : Look in
- Chn kiu File cn m (Nu Cn ) : File of type
- Chn File cn m trong khung.
- Cui cng nhn nt OPEN hoc nhn phm ENTER
- Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Open
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 6
4. ng bn v
File\Close Close
Nu bn v c sa i th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi thay i khng
- Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc 2 Lu bn v)
- Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i
- Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.

5. Thot khi AutoCad
File\Exit Exit, Quit, Ctrl + Q
Hoc ta c th chn nt du nhn gc trn bn phi ca mn hinh
Hoc nhn t hp phm Alt + F4
Nu bn v cha c ghi th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi file bn v khng
Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc 2 Lu bn v)
Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i
Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.

III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im
1. H to s dng trong AutoCad
a. H to cc.
xc nh v tr im ng, mt phng v cc i tng hnh hc khc th v tr ca
chng phi c tham chiu n mt v tr bit. im ny gi l im tham chiu hoc
im gc ta . H to cc c s dng ph bin trong ton hc v ho v dng
xc nh v tr ca cc hnh hc trong mt phng v trong khng gian ba chiu.
H to hai chiu (2D) c thit lp bi mt im gc to l giao im gia hai
trc vung gc: Trc honh nm ngang v trc tung thng ng. Trong bn v AutoCad mt
im trong bn v hai chiu c xc nh bng honh X v tung Y cch nhau bi du
phy (X,Y). im gc to l (0,0) . X v Y
c th mang du m hoc du dng tu
thuc v tr ca im so vi trc to . Trong
bn v ba chiu (3D) ta phi nhp thm cao
Z
To tuyt i da theo gc to
(0,0) ca bn v xc nh im. Gi tr to
tuyt i da theo gc to (0,0) ni m
trc X v trc Y giao nhau. S dng to
tuyt i khi m bn bit chnh xc gi tr to
X v Y ca im. V d to 30,50 nh
trn hnh v ch nh im c 30 n v dc
theo trc X v 50 n v dc theo trc Y.
Trn hnh v 1 v ng thng bt u t
im (-50,-50) n (30,-50) ta thc hin nh
sau:
Command: Line
Specify first point: -50,-50
Specify next point or [Undo]: 30,-50

To tng i Da trn im nhp cui cng nht trn bn v. S dng to tng
i khi bn bit v tr ca im tng i vi im trc . ch nh to tng i ta
nhp vo trc to du @ (at sign). V d to @30,50 ch nh 1 im 30 n v theo trc
X v 50 n v theo trc Y t im ch nh cui cng nht trn bn v.
Gc to
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 7
V d sau ta s dng to tng i v ng thng P2P3 t im P2 (30,-50) c
khong cch theo hng X l 0 n v v theo hng Y l 100 n v nh hnh v 1
Command: Line
Specify first point: 30,-50
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,100
b. H to cc.
To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong mt phng XY. To cc ch nh
khong cch v gc so vi gc to (0,0). im P1 trn hnh v 2 c to cc l 50<60.
ng chun o gc theo chiu dng trc X ca h to cc. Gc dng l gc ngc
chiu kim ng h hnh v
nhp to cc ta nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du mc nhn (<).
V d ch nh im c khong cch 1 n v t im trc v gc 45 ta nhp nh sau:
@1<45.
Theo mc nh gc tng theo ngc chiu kim ng h v gim theo chiu kim ng
h. thay i chiu kim ng h ta nhp gi tr m cho gc. V d nhp 1<315 tng ng
vi 1<-45. Bn c th thay i thit lp hng v ng chun o gc bng lnh Units.
To cc c th l tuyt i (o theo gc to ) hoc tng i (o theo im trc
). ch nh to cc tng i ta nhp thm du @ (a mc, a cng hoc at sign)

Trong v d sau y
ta v cc on
thng l cc cnh
ca lc gic u
(hnh v ) theo to
cc vi cc gc
khc nhau s dng
hng gc mc
nh (chiu dng
trc X l gc 0)

Cc v tr gc trn h to cc H ta cc
Gc to
Hnh 2 Hnh 1
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 8

Hnh 1: Dng lnh v Line
Command: Line
Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k)
Specify next point or [Undo] : @60<0 (P2)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<60 (P3)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<-120 (P6)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: C (ng im u
vi im cui P6 vi P1)

Hnh 2: Dng lnh v Line
Command: Line
Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @100<-120
(P6) hoc g C ng im u vi im cui.

2. Cc phng php nhp to
Cc lnh v nhc chng ta phi nhp to cc dim vo trong bn v. Trong bn v 2
chiu (2D) ta ch cn nhp honh (X) v tung (Y), cn trong bn v 3 chiu (3D) th ta
phi nhp thm cao (Z).
C 6 phng php nhp to mt im trong bn v.
a. Dng phm tri chut chn (PICK) : Kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt im
b. To tuyt i: Nhp to tuyt i X,Y ca im theo gc to (0,0) Chiu trc
quy nh nh hnh v.
c. To cc : Nhp to cc ca im (D<) theo khong cch D gia im vi gc
to (0,0) v gc nghing so vi ng chun.
d. To tng i: Nhp to ca im theo im cui cng nht xc nh trn bn v.
Ti dng nhc ta nhp @X,Y Du @ c ngha l ( Last Point) im cui cng nht m
ta xc nh trn bn v.
e. To cc tng i: Ti dng nhc ta nhp @D< trong
D: Khong cch gia im ta cn xc nh vi im cui cng nht trn bn v.
Gc l gc gia ng chun v on thng ni 2 im.
ng chun l ng thng xut pht t gc to tng i v nm theo chiu
dng trc X.
Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim ng h. Gc m l gc cng chiu kim ng
h.
f. Nhp khong cch trc tip : Nhp khong cch tng i so vi im cui cng nht,
nh hng bng Cursor v nhn Enter.
3. Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Objects Snap)
Trong khi thc hin cc lnh v AutoCAD c kh nng gi l Object Snap (OSNAP)
dng truy bt cc im thuc i tng, v d: im cui ca Line, im gia ca Arc, tm
ca Circle, giao im gia Line v Arc... Khi s dng cc phng thc truy bt im, ti giao
im hai si tc xut hin mt vung c tn gi l Aperture hoc l vung truy bt v ti
im cn truy bt xut hin Marker (khung hnh k hiu phng thc truy bt). Khi ta chn
cc i tng ang trng thi truy bt v gn im cn tm.
Ta c th gn phng thc bt im theo hai phng php:
- Truy bt tm tr: Ch s dng 1 ln khi truy bt 1 im
- Truy bt thng tr (Running object snaps): Gn cc phng thc bt im l
thng tr (lnh Osnap)
Trnh t truy bt tm tr 1 im ca i tng:
a. Bt u thc hin mt lnh no i hi phi ch nh im (Specify a point), v d: Arc,
Circle, Line...
b. Khi ti dng nhc lnh yu cu ch nh im (Specify a point) th ta chn phng thc bt
im bng 1 trong cc phng php sau:
- Click vo Toolbar button trn thanh cng c Standard, thanh th xung Object Snap
- Nhp gi phm SHIFT v phm phi ca chut khi con tr ang trn vng ho s
xut hin Shortcut menu Object snap. Sau chn phng thc bt im t Shortcut menu
ny.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 9
- Nhp tn tt (ba ch ci u tin, v d END, CEN...) vo dng nhc lnh.
c. Di chuyn vung truy bt ngang qua v tr cn truy bt, khi s c mt khung hnh k
hiu phng thc (Marker) hin ln ti im cn truy bt v nhp phm chn (khi cn nhp
phm TAB chn im truy bt)
- Trong AutoCAD 2004, ta c tt c 15 phng thc truy bt im ca i tng (gi tt
l truy bt im). Ta c th s dng cc phng thc truy bt im thng tr hoc tm tr.
Trong mc ny gii thiu truy bt im tm tr.

Cc phng thc truy bt i tng (theo th t )
1. CENter
S dng bt im tm ca ng trn, cung trn, elip. Khi truy bt,
ta cn chn i tng cn truy bt tm.
2. ENDpoint
S dng bt im cui ca ng thng (Line), Spline, Cung trn,
Phn on ca pline, mline. Chn v tr gn im cui cn truy bt. V
ng thng v cung trn c hai im cui, do AutoCAD s bt
im cui no gn giao im 2 si tc nht.
3. INSert
Dng bt im chn ca dng ch v block (khi). Chn mt im
bt k ca dng ch hay block v nhp chn.
4. INTersection
Dng bt giao im ca hai i tng. Mun truy bt th giao im
phi nm trong vung truy bt hoc c hai i tng u chm vi
vung truy bt.
Ngoi ra ta c th chn ln lt
5. MIDpoint
Dng truy bt im gia ca mt ng thng cung trn hoc
Spline. Chn mt im bt k thuc i tng.
6. NEArest
Dng truy bt mt im thuc i tng gn giao im vi 2 si tc
nht. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i tng gn im cn truy
bt v nhp phm chut tri
7. NODe
Dng truy bt mt im (Point). Cho vung truy bt n chm vi
im v nhp ph chut.
8. PERpendicular
Dng truy bt im vung gc vi i tng c chn. Cho
vung truy bt n chm vi i tng v nhp phm chut. ng
thng vung gc vi ng trn s i qua tm
9. QUAdrant Dng truy bt cc im 1/4 ( Circle, Elipp, Arc, .)
10. TANgent Dng truy bt im tip xc vi Line, Arc, Elipp, Circle,)
11. FROm
Phng thc truy bt mt im bng cch nhp to tng i hoc
cc tng i l mt im chun m ta c th truy bt. Phng thc
ny thc hin 2 bc.
Bc 1: Xc nh gc to tng iti dng nhc "Base point" (
bng cch nhp to hco s dng cc phng thc truy bt khc )
Bc 2: Nhp to tng i, cc tng i ca im cn tm ti
dng nhc "Offset" so vi im gc to tng i va xc nh ti
bc 1
12. APPint
Phng thc ny cho php truy bt giao im cc i tng 3D trong
m im hnh hin hnh m thc t trong khng gian chng khng giao
nhau.
13. Tracking
Trong AutoCAD ta c th s dng la chn Tracking nhp to
im tng i qua mt im m ta s xc nh. S dng tng t Point
filters v From
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 10
4. Lnh Osnap (OS) gn ch chuy bt im thng tr
Tools\Drafting Settings... OSnap hoc OS
gn ch truy bt im thng tr bng hp thoi Drafting Setting.
lm xut hin hp thoi Drafting Setting ta thc hin
G lnh OSnap (OS) hoc Dsettings hoc bng Menu hoc gi Shift v nhp phi
chut trn mn hnh CAD s xut hin Shortcut Menu v ta chn OSnap Settings... ( Nu trc
chua gn ch truy bt im thng tr no ta c th nhn phm F3)
Khi hp thoi Drafting Setting xut hin ta chn trang Object Snap Sau ta chn
cc phng thc truy bt im cn dng sau nhn OK thot.

5. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to )

Draw\Line Line hoc L

Command : L Ch cn g ch ci l
- Specify first point
- Specify next point or [Undo]
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]

- Nhp to im u tin
- Nhp to im cui ca on thng
- Tip tc nhp to im cui ca on
thng hoc g ENTER kt thc lnh ( Nu
ti dng nhc ny ta g U th Cad s hu
ng thng va v. Nu g C th Cad s
ng im cui cng vi im u tin trong
trng hp v nhiu on thng lin tip)
- Trong trng hp F8 bt th ta ch cn a chut v pha mun v on thng sau
nhp chiu di ca on thng cn v .
im cui
im gia
im tm
im nt
im 1/4
im giao
im chn
im vung gc
im tip xc
im gn nht
Dng trong 3D
im //
im ko di
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 11
V d:
Command : L
- Specify first point
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 100

- Specify next point or [Undo]: 100

- Chn mt im u tin
- Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut sang phi g
s s c on thng nm ngang di 100
- Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut ln trn g s
s c on thng ng di 100

V d: Dng phng php nhp to tuyt i v tng i v cc hnh trong bi tp.

6. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to )
Draw\Circle\ Circle hoc C

C 5 phng php khc nhau v ng trn
Tm v bn knh hoc ng knh ( Center, Radius hoc Diameter)
Command : C
- Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]

- Specify Radius of circle or [Diameter]:

- Specify Diameter of circle:
- Nhp to tm (bng cc phng php
nhp to hoc truy bt im)
- Nhp bn knh hoc to ca ng trn.
(Nu ta g D ti dng nhc ny th xut hin
dng nhc sau)
- Ti y ta nhp gi tr ca ng knh
V d: V ng trn c tm bt k v c bn knh l 50 v ng trn c ng knh l 50
3 Point (3P) v ng trn i qua 3 im
Command : C
- Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]:
- Specify First Point on circle:

- Specify Second Point on circle:
- Specify Third Point on circle:

- Ti dng nhc ny ta g 3P
- Nhp im th nht ( dng cc phng php
nhp to hoc truy bt im)
- Nhp im th 2
- Nhp im th 3
Ngoi phng php nhp qua 3 im nh trn ta c th dng Menu (Draw\ Circle)
dng phng php TAN, TAN, TAN v ng trn tiu xc vi 3 i tng.

2 Point (2P) v ng trn i qua 2 im
Command : C
- Specify First End Point of circle's diameter:

- Specify Second End Point of circle diameter:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g 2P
- Nhp im u ca ng knh (dng cc
phng php nhp to hoc truy bt im)
- Nhp im cui ca ng knh

ng trn tip xc 2 i tng v c bn knh R (TTR)
Command : C
- Specify Point on Object for first tangent of
Circle:
- Specify Point on Object for Second tangent
of Circle:
- Specify Radius of Circle <>:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g TTR
- Chn i tng th nht ng trn tip xc

- Chn i tng th hai ng trn tip xc
- Nhp bn knh ng trn

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 12
IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn
1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS
Sau khi khi ng chng trnh AutoCad, nhp chut vo Start from scartch v chn h
o l Metric, ta s c mt mn hnh ca khng gian lm vic c ln mc nh l 420, 297
n v. Nu quy c 1 n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi 1 mm ngoi thc t, ta s v c
i tng c kch 42 cm x 29,7 cm. Nu v cng trnh, khng gian rt cht hp. Do vy ta
cn nh ngha mt khng gian lm vic ln hn.
Nhp lnh:

Menu : Format/Drawing Limits
Command : limits

Reset Model space limits :
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF]
<0.0000,0.0000> :
Specify upper right corner
<420.0000,297.0000> : 42000,29700
Bn phm : Limits
G lnh gii hn mn hnh

Nhp Enter ng vi to im u
ca gii hn mn hnh.

Cho gii hn mn hnh ln bng mt khng
gian rng 42 m x 29,7 m ngoi thc t

Lu :
- Cho d khng gian c nh ngha rng hn 100 ln hin ti, mn hnh lc ny vn khng
c g thay i. Ta phi thc hin lnh thu khng gian gii hn vo bn trong mn hnh bng
lnh di y.

2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM.
Nhp lnh:
Menu : View/Zoom
Command : z

-Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor
(nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <real time> : a
Bn phm : zoom
G lnh thu phng mn hnh

- Nhp tham s cn dng sau g Enter
Cc Tham s ca lnh ZOOM
RealTime : sau khi vo lnh Zoom ta nhn phm Enter lun vo thc hin la
chn ny tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c sau ta gi phm tri
chut v Click a ln trn hoc xung di phng to hay thu nh.
ALL : Auto Cad s hin th tt c bn v trn mn hnh my tnh.
Center: Phng to mn hnh quanh mt tm im v vi chiu cao ca s.
- Specify center point: Chn tm khung ca s
- Enter magnification or height: Nhp gi tr chiu cao khung ca s
Window: Phng to ln mn hnh phn hnh nh xc nh bi khung ca s hnh
ch nht. Tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c l
- Specify first corner : Chn gc ca s th nht
- Specify opposite corner: Chn gc ca s i din.
Previous: Phc hi li ca hnh nh Zoom trc . ( c th phc hi 10 hnh nh)
Tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c l
Lu :
- Nu c i tng v to hn hoc nm ngoi gii hn mn hnh th lnh ny s thu ng thi c
gii hn mn hnh (t to 0,0) v i tng v vo trong mn hnh.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 13
3. Lnh y bn v Pan
View\Pan\ Pan hoc P

Lnh Pan cho php di chuyn v tr bn v so vi mn hnh quan st cc phn cn
thit ca bn v m khng lm thay i ln hnh nh bn v.
4. n v o bn v
Format\Units\ Units
Lnh Units nh n v di v n v gc
cho bn v hin hnh. Sau khi vo lnh s xut
hin hp thoi . Trn hp thoi ny ta c th chn
n v cho bn v

5. Lnh Snap, lnh Grid, lnh Ortho
a) Lnh Snap
Menu bar Nhp lnh Phm tt
Tools\Drafting Setting...\ Snap F9 hoc Ctrl + B
Lnh Snap iu khin trng thi con chy (Cursor) l giao im ca hai si tc. Xc
nh bc nhy con chy v gc quay ca hai si tc. Bc nhy bng khong cch li Grid
Trng thi Snap c th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Snap trn thanh trng
thi pha di hoc nhn phm F9.
b) Lnh Grid ( Ch li)
Tools\Drafting Setting...\ Grid F7 hoc Ctrl + G
Lnh Grid to cc im li trn gii hn bn v khong cch cc im li theo
phng X, Y c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau tu theo ta nh ngha trong hp thoi Drafting
Setting...
Trng thi Grid c th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Grid trn thanh trng
thi pha di hoc nhn phm F7.

c) Lnh Ortho
Tools\Drafting Setting...\ Snap F8 hoc Ctrl + L
Lnh Orthor thit lp ch v lnh Line theo phng ca cc si tc

d) Thit lp ch cho Sanp v Grid

C th trong hnh sau
Danh sch loi n v
Danh sch chnh xc
Chn n v gc
n v ca Block khi chn vo bn v
Chn ng chun v hng o gc
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 14

6. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v
MVsetup
Sau khi nhp lnh xut hin cc dng nhc sau.
- Enable pager Space? [No/Yes] <Y>: (Ta nhp N v nhn Enter)
- Enter units type [.........../Metric]: (ta nhp M chn h mt v nhn Enter)
- Enter the scale factor : ( Nhp gi tr t l)
- Enter the Pager width : (Nhp chiu rng kh giy)
- Enter the Pager height : (Nhp chiu cao kh giy)

Bng nh gii hn bn v (Limits) theo kh giy in v t l

Paper size
(mm)
T l v 1:1
T l in 1=1
T l v 1:2
T l in 1=2
T l v 1:5
T l in 1=5
T l v 1:10
T l in 1=10
T l v 1:20
T l in 1=20
A4: 297x210
mm
m

297x210
0.297x0.21

594x420
0.594x0.42

1485x1050
1.485x1.05

2970x2100
2.97x2.1

5940x4200
5.94x4.2
A3: 420x297
mm
m

420x297
0.42x0.297

840x594
0.84x0.594

2100x1485
2.1x1.485

4200x2970
4.2x2.97

8400x5940
8.4x5.94
A2: 594x420
mm
m

594x420
0.594x0.42

1188x840
1.188x0.84

2970x2100
2.97x2.1

5940x4200
5.94x4.2

11880x8400
11.88x8.4
A1: 841x594
mm
m

841x594
0.841x0.594

1682x1188
1.682x1.188

4205x2970
4.205x2.97

8410x5940
8.41x5.94

16820x11880
16.82x11.88
A0: 1189x841
mm
m

1189x841
1.189x0.841

2378x1682
2.378x1.682

5945x4205
5.945x4.205

11890x8410
11.89x8.41

23780x16820
23.78x16.82

Snap ON/OFF
Grid theo X
Snap theo Y
nghing
ca 2 si tc
Grid theo Y
Kiu Grid
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 15

V. Cc Lnh v c bn.
1. Lnh v ng thng Line (L) ( hc trn)
Draw\Line Line hoc L

2. Lnh v ng trn Circle (C) ( hc trn)
Draw\Circle\ Circle hoc C

3. Lnh v cung trn Arc (A)
Draw\ARC\ ARC hoc A

S dng lnh ARC v cung trn. Trong qu trnh v ta c th s dng cc phng
thc truy bt im, cc phng php nhp to xc nh cc im. C cc phng php v
cung trn sau.
Cung trn i qua 3 im ( 3 Point )
V cung trn i qua 3 im. Ta c th chn ba im bt k hoc s dng phng thc
truy bt im.
Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\3 Points
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]
- Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]
- Specify end point of arc
- Nhp im th nht
- Nhp im th hai
- Nhp im th ba.
V cung vi im u tm im cui ( Start, Center, End )
Nhp ln lt im u, tm v im cui . im cui khng nht thit phi lm trn
cung trn. Cung trn c v theo ngc chiu kim ng h.
Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Endpoint
- Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]:
CE
- Specify Center point of arc
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord
Length]
- Nhp im th u S
- Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu chn
lnh v Menu th khng c dng nhc ny.
- Nhp to tm cung trn.
- Nhp to im cui
V cung vi im u tm v gc tm ( Start, Center, Angle )
Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Angle
CE
Length]: A
- Specify included Angle
- Nhp im th u
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch A (nu chn t
menu th khng c dng nhc ny)
- Nhp gi tr gc tm.
V cung vi im u tm v chiu di dy cung ( Start, Center, Length of Chord )

Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Length
CE
Length]: L
- Specify length of chord
- Nhp im th u
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch L (nu chn t
- Nhp chiu di dy cung
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 16
V cung vi im u, im cui v bn knh (Start, End, Radius)

Command : Arc Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, End, Radius
EN
- Specify center point of arc or [Angle/
Direction/Radius]: R
- Specify radius of arc
- Nhp im th u
lnh t Menu th khng c dng nhc ny)
- Nhp im cui ca cung trn.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch R (nu chn t
- Nhp bn knh ca cung
V cung vi im u, im cui v gc tm (Start, End, Included Angle)
Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, End, Included
Angle
EN
- Specify center point of arc or [Angle/
Direction/Radius]: A
- Specify included angle
- Nhp im u
- Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp EN ( Nu chn
- Nhp to im cui ca cung.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch A (nu chn t
- Nhp gi tr gc tm
Ngoi ra cn c cc phng php v cung trn ph sau
V cung vi im u, im cui v hng tip tuyn ca cung ti im bt u (Start,
End, Direction)
V cung vi tm, im u v im cui (Center, Start, End)
V cung vi tm, im u v gc tm (Center, Start, Angle)
V cung vi tm, im u v chiu di dy cung (Center, Start, Length)

4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL) : ng c b rng nt
Draw\PolyLine\ Pline hoc PL

Command : PL
- Specify start point :
Current line-width is 0.0000
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth
/Length /Undo/Width]:
- ..............
- Cc tham s chnh
+ Close
+ Halfwidth
* Starting halfwidth<>:
* Ending halfwidth<>:
+ Width
* Starting Width<>:
* Ending Width<>:
+ Length

* Length of line:
+ Undo

+ Arc
- Nhp im u ca ng thng
Th hin chiu rng hin hnh
- Nhp im th 2 hoc chn cc tham s khc
ca lnh Pline
- ............ ( tim tc nhp im tip theo...)

+ ng Pline bi mt on thng nh Line
+ nh na chiu rng phn on sp v
* Nhp gi tr na chiu rng u
* Nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui
+ nh chiu rng phn on sp v
* Nhp gi tr chiu rng u
* Nhp gi tr chiu rng cui
+ V tip mt phn on c chiu nh on
thng trc nu phn on trc l cung
trn th n s tip xc vi cung trn .
* Nhp chiu di phn on sp v.
+ Hu b nt v trc .
+ V cung trn ni tip vi ng thng.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 17
5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)
Draw\Polygon\ Polygon hoc POL

- V a gic ngoi tip ng trn
Command : POL
- Enter number of side <4>:
- Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
- Enter an option [.....] <I>: C
- Specify radius of circle:
- Nhp s cnh ca a gic
- Nhp to tm ca a gic
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g C
- Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ni tip
a gic hoc to im hoc truy bt im
l im gia mt cnh a gic.
- V a gic ni tip ng trn
Command : POL
- Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
- Enter an option [.....] <I>: I
- Specify radius of circle:
- Nhp to tm ca a gic
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g I
- Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip
a gic hoc to im hoc truy bt im
l im nh ca a gic.
- V a gic theo cnh ca a gic
Command : POL
- Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E
- Specify first endpoint of edge:
- Specify Second endpoint of edge:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta goa E
- Chn hoc nhp to im u mt cnh
- Chn hoc nhp to im cui cnh

6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC)
Draw\Rectangle\ Rectangle hoc REC

Lnh REC dng v hnh ch nht. Hnh ch nht a tuyn ta c th dng lnh Pedit
hiu chnh v lnh Explode ph v chng ra thnh cc on thng.
Command : REC
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/
Elevation/ Fillet/ Thickness/ Width ]
- Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:
( cc tham s c th nh sau)
- Nhp gc th nht ca HCN hoc nhp cc
tham s ( nhp ch ci u ca tham s)
- Nhp gc th hai ca HCN hoc nhp tham
s D
+ Chamfer (Sau khi vo lnh g ch C )
* Specify first chamfer distance........
* Specify Second chamfer distance........
* Specify first corner........

* Specify other corner point.......
- Vt mp 4 nh HCN
* Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th nht
* Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th hai
* Sau khi nhp thng s cho vt mp ta nhp
gc th nht ca HCN
* Nhp gc th hai ca HCN
+ Fillet (Sau khi vo lnh g ch F )
* Specify fillet radius for rectangles..

- Bo trn cc nh ca HCN
* Nhp bn knh cn bo trn
* Sau khi nhp bn knh ta nhp gc th
nht ca HCN
+ Width (Sau khi vo lnh g ch W )
* Specify line width for rectangles<>:

- nh b rng nt v HCN
* Nhp b rng nt v HCN
* Sau khi nhp b rng nt v ta nhp gc
th nht ca HCN
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 18
+ Elevation/ Thickness
- Dng trong v 3D
+ Dimension

* Specify lenght for rectangles<..>:
* Specify Widht for rectangles<..>:
- Tham s ny cho php nhp chiu cao v
chiu di HCN theo cc dng nhc sau y.
* Nhp chiu di ca HCN
* Nhp chiu cao ca HCN
7. Lnh v Elip Ellipse (EL)
Draw\Ellipse... Ellipse hoc EL

Lnh EL dng v ng Elip. Tu thuc vo bin PELLIPSE ng Elip c th l
PELLIPSE = 1

ng EL l mt a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cung trn. Ta c th s
dng lnh PEDIT hiu chnh
PELLIPSE = 0

ng Elip l ng Spline y l ng cong NURBS ( xem lnh Spline) v
ta khng th Explode n c. ng Elip ny c th truy bt tm v im
1/4 nh ng trn
Nu thay i bin ta g PELLIPSE ti dng lnh sau nhp gi tr ca bin l 0 hoc l 1
Trng hp PELLIPSE = 0 ta c ba phng php v Elip
Nhp ta mt trc v khong cch na trc cn li
Command : EL
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]
- Specify other endpoint of axis:
- Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]:
* R ( nu chn tham s R )

* Specify rotation around major axis:
- Nhp im u trc th nht
- Nhp im cui trc th nht
- Nhp khong cch na trc th hai
* Chn R xc nh khong cch na
trc th hai
* Nhp gc quay quanh ng trn trc
Tm v cc trc
Command : EL
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]:
- Specify center of Ellipse :
- Specify endpoint of axis:
* ( nu chn tham s R xem nh trn )
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g C
- Nhp to hoc chn tm Elip
- Nhp khong cch na trc th nht

V cung Elip
Command : EL
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]:
- Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [center]

- Specify other endpoint of axis :

- Specify start angle or [Parameter]:

- Specify end angle or [Parameter/Include angle]:

- Ti dng nhc ny ta g A
- Nhp to hoc chn im u ca trc
th nht
- Nhp to hoc chn im u ca trc
th nht
- Chn im u ca cung hoc nhp gi tr
gc y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng
thng t tm n im u ca cung
- Chn cui ca cung hoc nhp gi tr gc
y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng
thng t tm n im cui ca cung

8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong
Draw\Spline Spline hoc SPL

Dng to ng cong NURBS ( Non Uniform Rational Bezier Spline ) cc ng
cong c bit. ng Spline i qua tt c cc im m ta chn cc im ny gi l CONTROL
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 19
POINT . Lnh Spline dng to cc ng cong c hnh dng khng u. V d v cc ng
ng mc trong h thng thng tin a l hoc trong thit k khung sn t, v tu thuyn ...
Command : SPL
- Specify first point or [Object]:
- Specify next point:
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start
tangent>:
tangent>:
- Specify start tangent:

- Specify end tangent:
- Chn im u ca Spline
- Chn im k tip
- Chn to im k tip

- Chn to im k tip hoc nhn phm
ENTER kt thc
- Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hoc
ENTER chn mc nh
- Chn hng tip tuyn ti im cui hoc
ENTER chn mc nh
* Tham s CLOSE - ng kn ng SPLINE ( ni im u
vi im cui)
* Tham s Fit to lerance
tangent>: f

- Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: 5
- To ng cong Spline min hn. Khi gi tr
ny = 0 th ng SLPINE i qua tt c cc
im ta chn. Khi gi tr ny khc khng th
ng cong ko ra xa cc im ny to
ng cong min hn
- ENTER hoc nhp gi tr dng

9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v MLedit
Lnh Mline dng v mt bng cc cng trnh kin trc, xy dng, v bn . to
kiu ng Mline ta s dng lnh Mlstyle, hiu chnh ng mline ta s dng lnh Mledit.
a. To kiu ng mline bng lnh Mlstyle
Format > Multiline Style... Mlstyle
Trc khi thc hin lnh Mline ta phi to kiu ng mline v xc nh cc thnh phn
ca ng mline v khong cch gia cc thnh phn, dng ng v mu cho cc thnh phn
Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi sau.

Tn kiu Mline hin hnh
Nhp tn Mline mi mun to
vo ny sau nhn nt Add
pha di
m t kiu mline
Ti mt kiu Mline t File
Lu mt kiu Mline thnh file
Xut hin hp thoi Element
Properties...
Xut hin hp thoi Multiline
Properties...
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 20

a. V ng song song Mline
Draw > Multiline Mline hoc ML
Mline V cc ng song song, mi ng song song c gi l thnh phn (element)
ca ng mline. Ti a to c 16 thnh phn.
Command : ML
- Specify start point or [Justification/ Scale/
STyle]:
- Specify next point:
- Specify next point or [Undo]:

- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
- Chn im u tin ca Mline

- Chn im k tip
- Chn im k tip hoc nhp U hu
phn on va v
- Chn im k tip hoc s dng cc la
chn. Nu chn C ng im u vi
im cui trong trng hp v lin tc.
Cc tham s ca lnh
Command : ML
Nt Delete xo 1 thnh phm
Nt Add nhp thm thnh phm
Nhp khong cch ca 1 ng
so vi ng tm trong mt
thnh phn ca Mline
Nt Color chn mu cho ng
Nt Linetype nhp kiu ng
Hp thoi Element Properties...
Ni cc u ca cc on Mline
Trong Caps dng nh u v
cui cho Mline ( bng ng thng
hoc ng trn...)
Dng t y mline. Ta c th chn
mu t bng cc nhp chut vo
nt Color
Hp thoi Multiline Properties...
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Bi Vit Thi Page 21
Chn kiu ca im
Chn kch thc ca im
Kch thc tng i so
vi % mn hnh
nh kch thc tuyt i
ca im theo n v v
STyle]: J

* Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom]
<top>:
STyle]: S
STyle]: S
- Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp J nh v
tr ca ng Mline bng ng tm hay
ng trn hoc ng di.
* Chn cc tham s cn nh v tr

- Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp S nh t
l cho kong cch gia cc thnh phn
- Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp S nhp
tn khiu Mline c sn
c. Lnh hiu chnh ng mline
Modify > Object > Multiline Mledit
Sau khi nhp lnh xut hin hp thoi Multiline
Edit Tools ta chn 1 trong 12 phng php hiu chnh
bng cch nhp p vo hnh m ta cn hiu chnh

10. Lnh v im Point (PO)
Draw\Point\ Point hoc PO

Dng lnh Point v mt im trn bn v
Command : PO
- Specity a point: Ch nh v ch im ( dng truy bt im
hoc nhp to )
11. Lnh nh kiu im Ddptype
Format\Point Style... Ddptype
Sau khi nhp lnh s lm xut hin hp thoi Point Style. Trn hp thoi ny ta nh
kiu v kch thc im. truy bt im ta s dng phng thc truy bt im NODe

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Bi Vit Thi Page 22

12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)
Draw\Point >\Divide... Divide hoc DIV
Dng chia i tng ( Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline) thnh cc on c chiu di
bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt im. i tng c chia vn
gi nguyn tnh cht l mt i tng. nh kiu ca cc im chia ny ta dng lnh
PointStyle hc trn. truy bt cc im ny ta dng phng php truy bt NODe
Command : DIV
- Select object to divide:
- Enter the number of segments or [Block]:
( Bu chn B xut hin dng nhc sau)
* Enter name of block to insert:
* Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>:
* Enter the number of segments:
- Chn i tng cn chia
- Nhp s on cn chia hoc nhp B
chn mt khi (Block) vo cc im chia.
* Nhp tn khi cn chn
* Mun quay khi khi chn khng
* Nhp s on cn chia

13. Lnh chia i tng ra cc on c chiu di bng nhau Measure (ME)
Draw\Point >\Measure Measure hoc ME
Tng t Divide lnh Measure dng chia i tng ( Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline)
thnh cc on c chiu di cho trc bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin
mt im. i tng c chia vn gi nguyn cc tnh cht i tng ban u.

Command : ME
- Select object to Measure:
- Specify length of segment or [Block]:
( Bu chn B xut hin dng nhc sau)
* Enter name of block to insert:
* Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>:
* Specify length of segment:
- Chn i tng cn chia
- Nhp chiu di mi on hoc nhp B
chn mt khi (Block) vo cc im chia.
* Nhp tn khi cn chn
* Mun quay khi khi chn khng
* Chiu di on cn chia

VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn.
1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E)
Modify\Erase hoc Edit\Clear Erase hoc E

Dng xo cc i tng c chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng ta
ch cn nhn phm ENTER th lnh c thc hin.
Command : E
- Select object
- Select object

- Chn i tng cn xo
- Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc
ENTER thc hin xo

2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops
phc hi cc i tng c xo bng lnh Erase trc ta s dng lnh Oops.
Tuy nhin lnh lnh ny ch phc hi cc i tng b xo trong mt lnh Erase trc
Command : Oops
Vo lnh sau ENTER

3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U)
Edit \ Undo Undo hoc U hoc Ctrl + Z

Lnh Undo hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc .
Command : U
Vo lnh sau ENTER
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 23
4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo
Edit \ Redo Redo hoc Ctrl + Y

S dng lnh Redo sau cc lnh Undo phc hi cc lnh va hu trc
Command : REDO
Vo lnh sau ENTER

5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R)
View \ Redraw Redraw hoc R
Lnh Redraw lm mi cc i tng trong khung nhn hin hnh. Lnh ny dng
xo cc du "+" ( gi l cc BLIPMODE) trn Viewport hin hnh

Command : R
Vo lnh sau ENTER
Lnh Redrawall lm mi li cc i tng trong tt c khung nhn bn v hin hnh
Command : Redrawall
Vo lnh sau ENTER

6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE)
View \ Regen Regen hoc Regenall
Lnh Regen s dng tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn khung nhn
hinh hnh. Tng t l Regenall tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn c bn v

VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh
1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O)
Modify \ Offset Offset hoc O

Lnh Offset dng to cc i tng song song theo hng vung gc vi cc i
tng c chn. i tng c chn c th l Line, Circle, Arc, Pline ......
Command : O
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Specify offset distance or [Through] : 2
- Select object to offset or <exit>:
- Specify point on side to offset:
- Select object to offset or <exit>
- Nhp khong cch gia hai i tng //
- Chn i tng cn to //
- Chn im bt k v pha cn to i tng //
- Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhn
phm ENTER kt thc lnh

Command : O
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Specify offset distance or [Through] : T
- Select object to offset or <exit>:
- Specify through point:

- Select object to offset or <exit>
- Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp T
- Chn i tng cn to //
- Truy bt im m i tng mi c to i
qua
- Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhn
phm ENTER kt thc lnh

2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR)
Modify \ Trim Trim hoc TR

Lnh Trim dng xo on cui ca i tng c gii hn bi mt i tng giao
hoc on gia ca i tng c gii hn bi hai i tng giao.
Command : TR
Vo lnh sau ENTER
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 24
- Select objects:
- Select objects:

- Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Project/Edge/Undo]:
- Chn ng chn
- chn tip ng chn hoc ENTER kt
thc vic la chn ng chn.
- Chn i tng cn xn

- Tip tc chn i tng cn xn hay ENTER
kt thc lnh

Xn bt i tng nhng thc cht hai i tng khng thc s giao nhau m chng ch
thc s giao nhao khi ko di ra.
Command : TR
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects:
[Project/Edge/Undo]: E
- Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend
/No extend] <No extend>: E
- Chn ng chn
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch E

- Ti dng nhc ny ta tip tc g ch E

- Chn i tng cn xn hay ENTER kt
thc lnh
3. Lnh ct m rng Extrim
Extrim
Lnh Extrim dng ct b tt c phn tha ra v mt pha no so vi ng chn.
Command : EXTRIM
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects:
- Specify the side to trim on:
- Chn ng chn
- Chn pha cn ct so vi ng chn

4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR)
Modify \ Trim Break hoc BR

Lnh Break cho php ta xn mt phn ca i tng Arc, Line, Circle, ....on c
xn gii hn bi hai imma ta chn. Nu ta xn mt phn ca ng trn th on c xn
nm ngc chiu kim ng hv bt u t im chn th nht.
C 4 phng php khi thc hin lnh Break
a. Chn hai im.
Thc hin theo phng php ny gm 2 bc sau
Bc 1: Chn i tng ti mt im v im ny l im u tin ca on cn xn.
Bc 2: Chn im cui ca on cn xn.
Command : BR
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects:

- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]:
- Chn i tng m ta mun xn v im trn
i tng ny l im u tin ca on cn
xn.
- Chn im cui ca on cn xn

b. Chn i tng v hai im.
Command : BR
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects:
- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: F
- Specify first break point
- Specify second break point
- Chn i tng m ta mun xn
- Ti dng nhc th 2 ta chn F
- Chn im u tin on cn xn
- Chn im cui on cn xn.

c. Chn mt im.
Lnh Break trong trng hp ny dng tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp.
im tch l im m ta chn i tng thc hin lnh Break.
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Bi Vit Thi Page 25
Command : BR
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects:

- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: @
- Chn i tng m ta mun xn ti im
cn tch i tng.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn
phm ENTER

d. Chn i tng v mt im.
Phng php ny tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp ti v tr xc nh.
Phng php ny c chc nng tng t phng php c
Command : BR
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects:
- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: F
- Specify first break point

- - Specify second break point : @
- Chn i tng tch thnh 2 i tng.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta chn F
- Chn im cn tch bng cc phng thc
truy bt im v im ny l im cn tch
hai i tng.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn
phm ENTER

5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX)
Modify \ Extend Extend hoc EX

Command : EX
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects:
- Select objects:

- Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or
* Nu g E ti dng nhc trn dng ko di
mt on thng n mt on thng khng giao
vi n.
* Nu g U ti dng nhc trn dng hu b
thao tc va thc hin.
- Chn i tng chn
- Tip tc chn hoc nhn ENTER kt
thc vic la chn.
- Chn i tng cn ko di hoc nhn
ENTER kt thc lnh.

6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)
Modify \ Lengthen Lengthen hoc LEN
Dng thay i chiu di ( ko di hay lm ngn li ) cc i tng l on thng hay
cung trn.

Command : LEN
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select objects or [DElta/ Percent/ Total /
DYnamic]:

- Ti dng nhc ny ta chn i tng th
Cad s hin th chiu di ca i tng c
chn
* Nu ta g tham s DE ( xut hin dng nhc
sau)

+ Enter delta length or [Angle]
+ Select an object to change or [Undo]

- Thay i chiu di i tng bng cch
nhp vo khong tng. Gi tr khong tng
m th lm gim kch thc gi tr khong
tng dng lm tng kch thc
+ Nhp khong cch tng
+ Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc (
c th chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn
ENTER)
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 26
* Nu ta g tham s Percent ( xut hin dng
nhc sau)

+ Enter percentage length <100.000>:

* Nu ta g tham s Total ( xut hin dng
nhc sau)
+ Specify total length or [Angle]
* Nu ta g tham s Dynamic ( xut hin
dng nhc sau)
- Thay i chiu di i tng theo phn
trm so vi tng chiu di i tng c
chn
+ Nhp t l phn trm
+ Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc (
c th chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn
ENTER)
- Thay i ttng chiu di ca mt i tng
theo gi tr mi nhp vo.
+ Nhp gi tr mi vo
+ Chn i tng cn thay i
- Dng thay i ng chiu di i tng.

7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA)
Modify \ Chamfer Chamfer hoc CHA

Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer : u tin ta thuc hin vic nhp khong cch vt mp
sau chn ng thng cn vt mp.

Command : CHA
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select first line or [Polyline / Distance / Angle /
Trim / Method / Ultiple]:

- Chn cc tham s t ch vt mp.

* Chn tham s D (Distance)
- First chamfer distance <0.0000>:
- Specify second chamfer distance <20.0000>:
- Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle
/Trim /Method/mUltiple]:
- Select second line:
Dng nhp 2 khong cch cn vt mp.
+ Nhp khong cch th nht
+ Nhp khong cch th hai
+ Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp

+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp
* Chn tham s P (Polyline)

Sau khi ta nhp khong cch th ta chn tham
s P vt mp 4 cnh ca Polyline
* Chn tham s A (Angle)

- Chamfer length on the first line <0.0000>:

- Specify chamfer angle from the first line <0>:

- Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle
/Trim /Method /mUltiple]:
Cho php nhp khong cch th nht v gc
ca ng vt mphp vi ng th nht.
+ Nhp khong cch vt mp trn ng th
nht
+ Nhp gi tr gc ng vt mp hp vi
ng th nht
+Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp

* Chn tham s T (Trim)

- Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim]<Trim>:

- Select first line or [Polyline/ Distance/ Angle/
Trim/ Method/mUltiple]:
- Cho php ct b hoc khng ct b gc b
vt mp
+ Ti y ta g T hoc N la chn ct
hoc khng ct b gc b vt
+Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp

* Chn tham s U (mUltiple)

Khi chn tham s ny th dng nhc chn i
tng s xut hin li mi khi kt thc chn
cp i tng l ng thng. ( c ngha
chn c nhiu ln trong trng hp cn vt
mp cho nhiu i tng.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 27

8. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)
Modify \ Fillet Fillet hoc F

Dng to gc ln hoc bo trn hai i tng. Trong khi thc hin lnh Fillet ta phi
nhp bn knh R sau mi chn hai i tng cn Fillet

Command : F
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select first object or [Polyline /Radius /Trim
/mUltiple]:
- Chn cc tham s t ch vut gc.

* Chn tham s R (Radius)
- Specify fillet radius <0.0000>:
- Select first object or [Polyline /Radius /Trim/
mUltiple]:
- Select second object:
Dng nhp bn knh cn vut gc.
+ Nhp bn knh
+Chn cnh th nht cn vut gc

+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vut gc
* Chn tham s P (Polyline)

Sau khi ta nhp bn knh th ta chn tham s
P vut gc cho tt c cc gc ca Polyline
* Chn tham s T (Trim)

- Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim]<No
trim>:
- Select first object or [Polyline /Radius /Trim
/mUltiple]:
- Select second object:
- Cho php ct b hoc khng ct b gc
c vut
+ Ti y ta g T hoc N la chn ct
hoc khng ct b gc c bo trn
+Chn cnh th nht cn vut gc

+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vut gc
* Chn tham s U (mUltiple)

Nu ta nhp mt la chn khc trn dng
nhc chnh trong kho ang chn tham s ny
th dng nhc vi la chn c hin th
sau dng nhc chnh oc hin th.

9. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit
Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars
Modify> Polyline Pedit Modify 2

Command : PEDIT
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Select polyline or [Multiple]

(Chn a tuyn cn hiu chnh)
- La chn Multiple cho php ta chn nhiu
i tng trn dng nhc "Select polyline:"
- Nu i tng l on thng hoc cung trn
khng phi l a tuyn th dng nhc sau
xut hin
- Objects selected is not a polyline

(i tng ta chn khng phi l a tuyn)
- Do you want it turn into one?

(Bn c mun chuyn i tng chn thnh
a tuyn khng?Nhn ENTER chuyn
thnh a tuyn)
Sau xut hin dng nhc hiu chnh a
tuyn
- Nu i tng chn l a tuyn th s xut
hin dng nhc hiu chnh ton b a tuyn.
- Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/
Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]
(Chn la chn hoc ENTER kt thc
lnh) hoc chn cc tham s cn dng
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 28
* Close (Open) - ng a tuyn ang m (hoc m a tuyn
ng)
Nhp C ng (nhp O m)
* Join

+ Select objects
+ Select objects

+ n segments added to polyline
- Nhp tham s J : Ni cc on thng, cung
trn hoc a tuyn khc vi a tuyn c
chn thnh 1 a tuyn chung (ch ni c
trong trng hp cc nh ca chng trng
nhau)
i tng a tuyn chung c cc tnh cht
ca a tuyn c chn.
+ Chn cc i tng cn ni
+ Tip tc chn hoc nhn ENTER kt
thc vic la chn
+ Thng bo n i tng c ni vi
nhau.
* Width

+ Specify new width for all segments
- nh chiu rng mi cho a tuyn, khi nhp
W s xut hin dng nhc
+ Nhp chiu rng mi cho c a tuyn
* Fit - Chuyn a tuyn thnh mt ng cong l
tp hp cc cung trn, cc cung trn ny tip
xc nhau v i qua cc nh ca a tuyn.
* Spline - Chuyn a tuyn thnh 1 ng cong i qua
im u ca a tuyn (nu ng cong h).
ng cong ny khc vi cc ng cong to
bi la chn Fit v khc ng spline to bi
lnh Spline.
Khi bin SPLINETYPE = 5 th ng cong
c dng B-spline bc hai v tip xc im
gia ca cc phn on, khi bin
SPLINETYPE = 6 th ng cong c dng B-
spline bc ba. lm xut hin cc ng
khung bao ca a tuyn ta nh bin
SPLFRAME l ON.
Ta c th gn gi tr bin SPLINETYPE bng
cch chn la chn Polyvars trn screen
menu ca lnh Pedit. Khi s xut hin hp
thoi Set Spline Fit Variables
Bin SPLINESEGS qui nh s cc phn
on ca mi on spline. Hnh 19.11 l cc
ng cong B-spline bc 2 vi cc gi tr
bin SPLINESEGS khc nhau.
* Decurve - Chuyn cc phn on l cc cung trn ca
a tuyn thnh cc phn on thng
* Ltype gen - Khi dng ng khng phi l ng lin
tc nu Ltype gen l ON th cc ng nt
ca a tuyn khng lin quan n cc nh
ca a tuyn. Khi Ltype gen l OFF th
ng nt c th hin theo cc phn on.
* Undo - Hu 1 la chn va thc hin
* eXit - Kt thc lnh Pedit

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 29
VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh
1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M)

Modify\ Move Move hoc M

- Lnh Move dng thc hin php di mt hay nhiu i tng t v tr hin ti n 1
v tr bt k trn hnh v. Ta c th v mt phn ca hnh v ti v tr bt k, sau s dng
lnh Move di n v tr cn thit.

Command : Move
Hoc t Modify menu chn Move
- Select objects
- Select objects

- Specify base point or displacement

- Specify second point of displacement or <use
first point as displacement>

- Chn cc i tng cn di
- Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER
kt thc vic la chn,
Chn im chun hay nhp khong di: c
th dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc
phng thc truy bt im, to tuyt i,
tng i, cc tng i...
- im m cc i tng di n, c th s
dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng
thc truy bt im, to tuyt i, tung
i, to cc tng i, direct distance,
polar tracking...
Ch
(1) im Base point v Second point of displacement c th chn bt k.
(2) Nu mun di i tng cn v tr chnh xc th ti Base point v Second point of
displacement ta dng cc phng thc truy bt im.
(3) im Base point ta chn bt k hoc truy bt im v Second point of displacement dng
to tng i, cc tng i, direct distance hoc polar tracking.
(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di theo phng X v Y,
khi ti dng nhc tip theo ta nhn phm ENTER.

2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co)

Modify\ Copy Copy, hoc Co

Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng tinh tin v sp xp
chng theo cc v tr xc nh. Thc hin lnh Copy tng t lnh Move.

Command : Copy
Hoc t Modify menu chn Copy
- Select objects
- Select objects

- Specify base point or displacement, or
[Multiple]

- Chn cc i tng cn sao chp
- Chn tip cc i tng cn sao chp hay
ENTER kt thc vic la chn.
- Chn im chun bt k, kt hp vi cc
phng thc truy bt im hoc nhp khong
di.
- Chn v tr ca cc i tng sao chp, c
th dng phm chn kt hp vi cc phng
thc truy bt im hoc nhp to tuyt
i, tng i, cc tng i, direct distance,
polar tracking...
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 30
* Multiple

- Select objects
- Select objects
- <Base point or displacement>/Multiple: M
- Base point
- Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la
chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn t
nhm cc i tng c chn.
- Chn i tng cn sao chp
- Chn tip i tng hay ENTER.

- Chn im chun.
- Chn im sao chp n

- Chn tip im sao chp n hoc ENTER
kt thc lnh
Ch (1) C th chn Base point v Second point l cc im bt k.
(2) Chn cc im Base point v Second point bng cch dng cc phng thc truy
bt im.
(3) Ti dng nhc " Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as
displacement>" ta c th nhp to tng i, cc tng i, c th s dng Direct distance
v Polar tracking.
(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di.

3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO)
Modify\ Rotate Rotate, RO

Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i tng c chn chung quanh 1 im chun
(base point) gi l tm quay. y l 1 trong nhng lnh chnh hnh quan trng.
Command : Rotate
Hoc t Modify menu chn Rotate
- Select objects
- Select objects

- Select base point
- Specify rotation angle or [Reference]
- Chn i tng cn quay
- Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt
thc vic la chn.
- Chn tm quay
- Chn gc quay hoc nhp R nhp gc
tham chiu
Reference

Specify the reference angle <0>
Specify the new angle <>
Nu nhp R ti dng nhc cui s lm xut
hin:
- Gc tham chiu
- Gi tr gc mi

4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC)
Modify\ Scale Scale, SC

Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch thc cc i tng trn bn v theo 1 t l
nht nh (php bin i t l)
Command : Scale
Hoc t Modify menu chn Scale
- Select objects
- Select objects

- Specify base point

- Specify scale factor or [Reference]
- Chn i tng cn thay i t l.
- Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt
thc vic la chn.
- Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay
i t l
- Nhp h s t l hay nhp R
Reference
Specify reference length <1>

Specify new length <>
Nu nhp R s xut hin dng nhc:
Nhp chiu di tham chiu, c th truy bt
2 im A v B nh chiu di
Nhp chiu di mi hoc bt im C
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 31
5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI)

Modify\ Mirror Mirror, MI

Lnh Mirror dng to cc i tng mi i xng vi cc i tng c chn qua 1
trc, trc ny c gi l trc i xng (mirror line). Ni mt cch khc, lnh Mirror l php
quay cc i tng c chn trong 1 khng gian chung quanh trc i xng mt gc 180
0

Command : Mirror
Hoc t Modify menu chn Mirror
- Select objects

- Select objects
- Specify first point of mirror line
- Specify second point of mirror line
- Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>

- Chn cc i tng thc hin php i
xng.
- ENTER kt thc vic la chn.
- Chn im th nht P1 ca trc i xng
- Chn im th hai P2 ca trc i xng
- Xo i tng c chn hay khng? Nhp
N nu khng mun xo i tng chn, nhp
Y nu mun xo i tng chn.
Nu mun hnh i xng ca cc dng ch
khng b ngc th trc khi thc hin lnh
Mirror ta gn bin MIRRTEXT = 0 (gi tr
mc nh MIRRTEXT = 1)

6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S)
Modify\ Stretch Stretch, S Modify
Lnh Stretch dng di v ko gin cc i tng. Khi ko gin vn duy tr s dnh
ni cc i tng. Cc i tng l on thng c ko gin ra hoc co li (chiu di s di ra
hoc ngn li), cc i tng l cung trn khi ko gin s thay i bn knh. ng trn khng
th ko gin m ch c th di i.
Khi chn cc i tng thc hin lnh Stretch ta dng phng thc chn la Crossing
Window hoc Crossing polygon, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca s s c ko gin
(hoc co li), nhng i tng no nm trong khung ca s s c di i. i vi ng trn
nu c tm nm trong khung ca s chn s c di i.

Command : Stretch
Hoc t Modify menu chn Stretch
- Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or
crossing-polygon...
- Select objects

- Select objects
- Specify base point or displacement


- Chn cc i tng ch theo phng php
Crossing window
- Nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn.
- Chn im chun hay khong di, tng t
lnh Move
- im di n, nu nhp khong di th
ENTER.

Tu vo cc i tng c chn c cc trng hp sau:
(1) Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s chn c ko gin ra hoc co li, na ng trn
c di i.
(2) Cung trn c ko gin v on thng ngang b ko co li.
(3) on ng c di, hai on nm ngang c ko gin.
ng dng lnh Stretch hiu chnh hnh nh thay i chiu rng may bnh rng
bng lnh Stretch.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 32
7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)
Modify\ Array Array hoc AR hoc -AR Modify
Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy theo hng v ct
(Rectangular array, sao chp tnh tin (copy) hay sp xp chung quanh tm (Polar array, sao
chp (copy) v quay (rotate). Cc dy ny c sp xp cch u nhau. Khi thc hin lnh s
xut hin hp thoi Array. Nu ta nhp lnh -Array th cc dng nhc s xut hin nh cc
phin bn trc .
Dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy c s hng (rows) v s ct
(columns) nht nh hoc to cc dy sp xp chung quanh mt tm ca ng trn . Nu ta s
dng lnh -Array s xut hin cc dng nhc:

Command : -Ar
Hoc t Modify menu chn Array>Rectangular
- Select objects
- Select objects
- Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar]
<R>: R
- Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: 2
- Enter the number of columns (///) <1>: 3
- Specify the distance between columns (|||): 20

- Chn cc i tng cn sao chp
- Nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp R sao chp cc
i tng theo hng hoc ct
- S cc hng
- S cc ct
- Nhp khong cch gia cc ct, gi tr ny c
th m hoc dng.
- Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar]
<R>: P
- Specify center point of array or [Base]:
- Enter the number of items in the array: 5
- Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw,-=cw)<360>:

- Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta chn P sao chp
chung quanh mt tm.
- Chn tm cc i tng quay xung quanh
- Nhp s cc bn sao chp ra
- Gc cho cc i tng sao chp ra c th m
hoc dng.
- C quay cc i tng khi sao chp khng
Ch : Nu ta nhp lnh AR ti dng Command m khng c du tr ng trc th
xut hin cc hp thoi sau.
a. Hp thoi Rectangular Array

Ch Array theo hng hoc ct
Nhp s hng
Nhp s ct
Click chn i tng
Khong cc
gia cc hng
Khong cc
gia cc ct
Ch nh gc
quay
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 33

b. Hp thoi Porla Array

IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu
Trong cc bn v AutoCad cc i tng c cng chc nng thng c nhm thnh
mt lp (layer). V d lp cc ng nt chnh, lp cc ng tm, lp k hiu mt ct, lp lu
cc kch thc, lp lu vn bn.....
Mi lp c th gn cc tnh cht nh: Mu (color) dng ng (linetype), chiu rng nt
v (Line weight). Ta c th hiu chnh trng thi ca lp nh m (on), tt (off), kh (lock) m
kho (unlock), ng bng (freeze) v tan bng (thaw). Cc i tng v trn lp c th xut
hin hoc khng xut hin trn mn hnh hoc trn giy v.

1. To lp mi Lnh Layer (L)
Format\ Layer... Layer hoc LA Modify
Khi thc hin lnh Layer s xut hin hp thoi Layer Properties Manager
Khi ta to bn v mi th trn bn v ny ch c mt lp l lp 0. Cc tnh cht c gn
cho lp 0 l : Mu White (trng), dng ng Continuous (lin tc), chiu rng nt v l
0,025mm ( bn v h mt) v kiu in l Normal. Lp 0 ta khng th no xo hoc i tn.

Chn ch Array theo tm
Click chn i tng
Chn tm quay
S i tng
cn Copy ra
Gc quay c
th m hoc
dng
nh dy c sao chp i tng
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 34

- Gn v thay i mu cho
lp : Nu click vo nt vung nh
chn mu s xut hin hp thoi
Select Corlor (hnh sau) v theo hp
thoi ny ta c th gn mu cho lp
sau nhn nt OK chp nhn.

Nhp tn lp
Mu lp
Kiu ng
rng
ng v
To lp mi Xo lp t lp hin hnh
Tt
m
lp
ng
bng
lp
Kha
mt
lp
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 35

- Gn dng ng cho
lp : Chn lp cn thay i hoc
gn dng ng. Nhn vo tn
dng ng ca lp ( ct
Linetype) khi s xut hin
hp thoi Select Linetype (hnh
sau) sau chn dng ng
mong mun sau nhn nt
OK.

u tin trn bn
v ch c mt dng ng
duy nht l
CONTINUOUS s
dng cc dng ng khc
trong bn v ta nhn vo
nt LOAD... trn hp thoi
Select Linetype. Khi
xut hin hp thoi Load
or Reload Linetype sau
ta chn cc dng ng
cn dng v nhn nt OK.
Sau dng ng va
chn s c ti vo hp
thoi Select Linetype

- Gn chiu rng nt v: Gn chiu rng
nt cho tng lp theo trnh t sau. Trong hp thoi
to lp ta nhn vo ct LineWeight ca lp s
xut hin hp thoi LineWeight (hnh sau) . Sau
ta chn rng nt cn gn cho lp cui cng
nhn OK
- Gn lp hin hnh: Ta chn lp v nhn
nt Current. Lc ny bn phi dng Current
Layer ca hp thoi Layer Properties Manager s
xut hin tn lp hin hnh m ta va chn. Nu
mt lp l hin hnh th cc i tng mi c
to trn lp ny s c cc tnh cht ca lp ny
- Thay i trng thi ca lp
* Tt m (ON/OFF) ta nhn vo biu tng trng
thi ON/OFF. Khi mt lp c tt th cc i
tng s khng hin trn mn hnh. Cc i tng
ca lp c tt vn c th c chn nu nh ti
dng nhc "Select objects" ca cc lnh hiu chnh
ta dng la chn All chn i tng.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 36
* ng bng v lm tan bng (FREEZE/THAW) : Ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi
FREEZE/THAW. Cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta khng
th hiu chnh cc i tng ny ( Khng th chn cc i tng trn lp b ng bng k c
la chn All). Trong qu trnh ti hin bn v bng lnh Regen, Zoom....cc i tng ca lp
ng bng khng tnh n v gip cho qu trnh ti hin c nhanh hn. Lp hin hnh khng
th ng bng.
* Kho lp (LOCK/UNLOCK) ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi LOCK/UNLOCK i tng
ca lp b kho s khng hiu chnh c ( khng th chn ti dng nhc "Select objects" ) tuy
nhin ta vn thy trn mn hnh v c th in chng ra c.
- Xo lp (DELETE) : Ta c th d dng xo lp d to ra bng cch chn lp v nhn
vo nt Delete. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp lp c chn khng xo c m s c
thng bo khng xo c nh lp 0 hoc cc lp bn v tham kho ngoi v lp cha cc i
tng bn v hin hnh.
- Ngoi ra ta c th thc hin cc lnh lin quan n tnh cht v trng thi ca lp bng
thanh cng c Objects Properties c mc nh trong vng ho

2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype
Format\ LineType... Linetype
Dng ng, mu v chiu rng nt v c th gn cho lp hoc cho cc i tng.
Thng thng khi bt u bn v trn hp thoi ch c mt dng ng duy nht l Continuous.
nhp dng ng ta s dng lnh Linetype hoc vo menu Format\ LineType... xut hin
hp thoi Linetype Manager v chn nt Load nh trong khi to lp ta gn dng ng cho
mt lp no .

3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale
Ltscale
- Cc dng ng khng lin tc: HIDDEN, DASHDOT, CENTER... thng thng c
cc khong trng gia cc on gch lin. Lnh Ltscale dng nh t l cho dng ng,
ngha l nh chiu di khong trng v on gch lin. Nu t l ny nh th khong trng qu
nh v cc ng nt c v ging nh ng lin tc. T l ny qu ln th chiu di on
gch lin qu ln, nhiu lc vt qu chiu di ca i tng c v, do ta cng thy xut
hin ng lin tc. Trong AutoCAD 2004 nu ta chn bn v theo h Mt th khng cn nh
li t l dng ng.
Command: Ltscale

Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>:
Nhp 1 gi tr dng bt k
- Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr Ltscale c nh ti son tho Global
Scale Factor (khi chn nt Details>)

4. Bin CELTSCALE
- CELTSCALE dng gn t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. Bin ny lin quan
ti g tr t l nh bng lnh Ltscale. V d nu on thng c v vi bin CELTSCALE = 2
vi t l gn bng lnh Ltscale l 0.5 th s xut hin trn bn v ging nh on thng to bi
bin CELTSCALE = 1 trong bn v vi gi tr Ltscale = 1.
Command: CELTSCALE

Enter new value for CELTSCALE <1.0000>:
Nhp 1 gi tr dng bt k
- Nn cn phn bit rng khi thay i gi tr Ltscale s nh hng ti ton b cc i
tng trn bn v. Nhng khi thay i gi tr ca bin CELTSCALE ch nh hng ti trc tip
cc i tng sp v
- Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr bin CELTSCALE c nh ti bi son
tho Current Objects Scale (khi chn nt Details>)

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 37

X. Hnh ct mt ct v v k hiu vt liu
1. Trnh t v mt ct
+ To hnh ct mt ct
+ T menu Draw chn Hatch...., hoc thc hin lnh Bhatch hoc
+ Trn hp thoi Boundary Hatch ta chn trang Hatch
+ Chn kiu mt ct trong khung Type
+ Chn tn mu t ti mc Pattern
+ Chn t l ti khung Scale v nghing ti mc Angle
+ Chn nt pick Point ch nh mt im nm trong vng ct ( vng ct phi kn)
+ Nu mun xem trc mt ct th chn Preview.
+ Kt thc ta nhn nt OK

2. V mt ct bng lnh Hatch (H) hoc BHatch
Draw\Hatch... Hatch (H) hoc BHatch

Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi Boundary Hatch. Hi thai ny c 3 trang Hacth,
Advanced v Gradient
a. Trang Hatch

Chn mu mt ct
Chn tn mu
Hin th hnh nh mu
Nhp nghing
T l cho mt ct
Xem trc mt ct
Pick chn im trong vng mt ct
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 38
b. Trang Advanced

+ Island Detection Style:
Chn kiu mt ct
+ Object type:
Nu chn Retain Boundary th dng i tng ng bin c gi li c th l Region (min)
hoc Polyline (a tuyn kn) sau khi Hatch.
+ Island Detection Method:
Nu chn ny th cc island bn trong ng bin kn s c chn khi dng Pick Poin
xc nh ng bin (island l i tng nm trong ng bin ngoi cng)
Flood Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin
Ray Casting D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h
+ Boudary Set:
Xc nh nhm cc i tng c chn lm ng bin khi chn mt im nm bn trong
ng bin. ng bin chn khng c tc dng khi s dng Select Objects xc nh ng
bin hnh ct. Theo mc nh, khi bn chn Pick Points nh ngha ng bin mt ct th
AutoCAD s phn tch tt c cc i tng thy c trn khung nhn hin hnh. Khi nh
boundary set bn khng quan tm nhiu n cc i tng ny. Khi nh ng bin mt ct
khng cn che khut hoc di chuyn cc i tng ny. Trong cc bn v ln nh vo vic
nh boudary set gip ta chn ng bin ct c nhanh hn.
Current Viewport Chn boundary set t nhng i tng thy c trn khung nhn hin
hnh (current viewport)
Existing Set nh ngha boundary set t nhng i tng ta chn vi nt New.
New Khi chn nt ny s xut hin cc dng nhc gip bn to boundary set.
Cho php ta chn trc vi i tng AutoCAD c th to ng
bin mt ct t cc i tng .

Chn kiu mt ct
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 39
c. Trang Gradient

+ One Color: Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trong gia bng v mu nn sng ca
mt mu. Khi One Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse v thanh
trt Shade and Tint (bin GFCLRSTATE)
+ Two Color: Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trn gia bng v mu nn sng ca hai
mu. Khi Two Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse cho mu 1 v
mu 2 (bin GFCLRSTATE)
+ Color Swatch: Xc nh mu cho vng t gradient. Nhp nt Browse [...] hin th hp thoi
Select Color chn Index color, true color hoc color book color. Mu mc nh l mu hin
hnh trong bn v.
+ Shade and Tint Slider: Xc nh mu ph (mu va chn trn vi mu trng) hoc bng
(mu chn trn vi mu en) ca mt mu c s dng t gradient (bin GFCLRLUM)
+ Centered : Xc nh cu hnh gradient i xng. Nu thnh phn ny khng c chn,
vng ph gradient thay i v pha tri, to ngun sng o pha tri ca i tng (bin
GFSHIFT)
+ Angle: Xc nh gc ca vng t gradient. Gc xc nh quan h vi UCS hin hnh. La
chn ny ph thuc vo gc ca mu mt ct (bin GFANG)
+ Gradient Patterns :Hin th 9 mu trn vi vng t gradient fills. Cc mu ny bao gm:
linear sweep (3 hng trn cng), spherical (2 ct th nht hng 2 v 3) v parabolic (cc
cn li) (bin GFNAME)

3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit
Modify\Object>Hatchedit... HatchEdit

Cho php ta hiu chnh mt ct lin kt. Ta c th nhp lnh hoc nhp p chut ti i
tng cn thay i sau s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Edit cho ta hiu chnh.
Tng t nh hp thoi Boundary Hatch ta chn cc thng s cn thay i sau
nhn nt OK hon tt cng vic.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 40
XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn
1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn
nhp v hiu chnh vn bn ta tin hnh theo ba bc sau
- To cc kiu ch cho bn v bng lnh Style
- Nhp dng ch bng lnh Text hoc on vn bn bng lnh Mtext
- Hiu chnh ni dung bng lnh Ddedit ( hoch nhp p chut)
- Sau khi to cc kiu ch (text Style) ta tin hnh nhp cc dng ch. Lnh Text dng nhp
cc dng ch trn bn v, lnh Mtext cho php ta nhp on vn bn trn bn v c lm
trong khung hnh ch nht nh trc. Dng ch trong bn v l mt i tng nh Line,
Circle... Do ta c th dng cc lnh sao chp v bin i hnh i vi dng ch . V dng
ch trong bn v l mt i tng ho vy trong mt bn v c nhiu dng ch s lm chm
i qu trnh th hin bn v cng nh khi in bn v ra giy.
2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle
Format\ Text Style... Style

Sau khi vo lnh s xut hin hp thoi sau.

Ta c th xem kiu ch va to ti Preview. C th thay i tn v xo kiu ch bng
cc nt Rename v Delete. Sau khi to mt kiu ch ta nhp nt Apply to kiu ch khc
hoc mun kt thc lnh ta nhp nt Close. Kiu ch c th c ng nhiu ni khc nhau.
3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text
Draw\ Text>\Single Line Text Dtext hoc Text

Lnh text cho php ta nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v. Trong mt lnhText ta c
th nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v cc dng ch s xut hin trn mn hnh
khi ta nhp t bn phm.
Command: Text

- Current text style: "Viet" Text height:
- Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]

+ Style name (or ?):

- Specify height <10.000>
- Specify Rotation Angle of Text<0>
- Enter Text:
- Th hin kiu ch hin ti v chiu cao
- Chn im cn l tri dng ch hoc nhp
tham s S nhp kiu ch ta va to trn.
( sau khi nhp S ta nhp tn kiu ch ti dng
nhc ny)
- Nhp chiu cao ch
- Nhp nghing ca ch
- Nhp dng ch hoc Enter kt thc lnh
To kiu ch
Chn Font ch
Dng ch i xng ngang
Nhp chiu cao ch
Nhp h s chiu rng ch
Nhp nghing ch
Dng ch i
xng thng ng
Dng ch nm
theo phng
thng ng
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 41
4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en.
Textfill
Tu vo gi tr ca bin TEXTFILL cc ch c c t hay l ch xut hin cc ng
vin. Nu bin TEXTFILL l ON (1) th ch c t v ngc li
Command: TextFill

- Enter new value for TEXTFILL <1>: - Nhp gi tr mi cho bit l 0 hoc l 1

5. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT)
Draw\Text>\Multiline Text Mtext hoc MT

Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung hnh
ch nht. on vn bn l mt i tng ca AUTOCAD
Command: MT

- Current text style: "Viet" Text height:
- Specify first corner:
- Specify opposite corner or.......
- Th hin kiu ch hin ti v chiu cao
- im gc th nht on vn bn
- im gc i din on vn bn
Sau xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting. Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn nh
cc phn mm vn bn khc.

Ta c th nhp dng ch trc sau bi en v thay i cc thuc tnh ca dng ch
nh FONT ch v c ch, ch m, nghing, ch gch chn, mu ch.......

6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED)
Modify\Object \ Text... DDedit hoc ED

Lnh DDedit cho php ta thay i ni dung dng ch v cc nh ngha thuc tnh. Ta
c th gi lnh hoc nhp o chut vo dng ch cn hiu chnh.
Nu dng ch chn c to bi lnh Tetx s xut hin hp thoi Edit Text cho php
hiu chnh ni dung dng ch sau.

Nu i tng chn c to bi lnh Mtext th s xut hin hp thoi Text
Formatting sau ta thay i cc thng s cn thit v nhn nt OK.

Kiu ch Chn FONT ch
Chn c ch Dng phn s Lu v thot
Chn mu ch
Ch m
Ch nghing
Ch gch chn
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 42
XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc
1. Cc thnh phn kch thc
Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y:
Dimension line (ng kch thc) : ng kch thc c gii hn hai u bi hai
mi tn (gch cho hoc mt k hiu bt k). Nu l kch thc thng th n vung gc vi cc
ng ging, nu l kch thc gc th n l mt cung trn c tm nh gc. Trong trng
hp ghi cc kch thc phn t i xng th ng kch thc c k qu trc i xng v
khng v mi tn th hai. Khi tm cung trn ngoi gii hn cn v th ng kch thc ca
bn knh c v gy khc hoc ngt on v khng cn phi xc nh tm.
Extension line (ng ging): Thng thng ng ging l cc ng thng vung
gc vi ng kch thc. Tuy nhin, bn c th hiu chnh n thnh xin gc vi ng kch
thc. ng ging c ko di qu ng kch thc 1 on bng 2 n 3 ln chiu rng
ng c bn. Hai ng ging ca cng mt kch thc phi song song nhau. ng ging
kch thc gc nh hnh 15.3c.
Dimension text (Ch s kch thc): Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng c
ghi kch thc. Trong ch s kch thc c th ghi dung sai (tolerance), nhp tin t (prefix),
hu t (suffix) ca kch thc. Chiu cao ch s kch thc trong cc bn v k thut l cc gi
tr tiu chun. Thng thng, ch s kch thc nm trong, nu khng ch n s nm ngoi.
n v kch thc di theo h Mt l mm, trn bn v khng cn ghi n v o. Nu dng n
v di khc nh centimt hoc mt th n v o c ghi ngay sau ch s kch thc hoc
trong phn ch thch bn v.
Arrowheads (Mi tn, gch cho) : K hiu hai u ca ng kch thc, thng
thng l mi tn, du nghing, chmhay mt khi (block) bt k do ta to nn. Trong
AutoCAD 2004 c sn 20 dng mi tn. Hai mi tn c v pha trong gii hn ng kch
thc. Nu khng ch chng c v pha ngoi. Cho php thay th hai mi tn i nhau
bng mt chm m. Ta c th s dng lnh Block to cc u mi tn.
i vi kch thc bn knh v ng knh th kch thc c 4 thnh phn: ng kch
thc, mi tn (gch cho), ch s kch thc v du tm (center mark) hoc ng tm
(center line). Khi ta xem ng trn hoc cung trn l cc ng ging.

2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style
Dimension\Style DimStyle, Ddim hoc D

S dng lnh ny to kiu kch thc mi, hiu chnh kch thc c sn. Trn cc
hp thoi c cc hnh nh minh ho khi thay i cc bin
Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi sau

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Cc mc trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager
+ Style : Danh sch cc kiu kch thc c sn trong bn v hin hnh
+ Lits : Chn cch lit k cc kiu kch thc
+ SetCurent: Gn mt kiu kch thc ang chn lm hin hnh
+ New...: To kiu kch thc mi lm xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Styel Sau
ta t tn cho kiu kch thc sau chn Continue s xut hin hp thoi New Dimension
Style v sau ta gn cc ch cho kiu kch thc mi ny.
+ Modify...: Hiu chnh kch thc sn c
+ Override...Hin th hp thoi Override Dimension Style trong bn c th gn chng tm
thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc hin hnh. AutoCad ch gn chng khng ghi li
trong danh sch Style
+ Compare....: Lm hin th hp thoi Compare Dimension Style trong bn c th so snh g
tr cc bin gia hai kiu kch thc hoc quan st tt c gi tr cc bin ca kiu kch thc.

a. To kiu kch thc mi : to kiu kch thc mi ta chn nt New khi xut
hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Style

- Khung New Style Name: t tn kiu kch thc mi
- Khung Start With: C s ca kin kch thc mi V d ISO-25
- Kung Use for : Chn loi kch thc cn s dng nu chn
+ All Dimensions : Tt c cc loi
+ Linear Dimensions : Kch thc thng
+ Angular Dimensions : Kch thc gc
+ Radius Dimensions : Kch thc bn knh
+ Diameter Dimensions : Kch thc ng knh
+ Ordinate Dimensions : Kch thc to im
+ Leader and tolerance: Ch thch, ng dn v dung sai
- Sau khi t tn, la chn cc thng tin cn thit cho kiu ng kch thc ta chn
Continue...
b. Trang Lines and Arrows
Trong trang ny c 4 khung hnh ch nht v tng ng ta s nh cc bin lin quan
nh sau:
- Dimension Lines : Thit lp cho ng kch thc trong
+ Color : Mu ng kch thc
+ Lineweight: nh chiu rng nt v
+ Extend beyond ticks: Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng dng
+ Baseline spacing Khong cch gia cc ng kch thc song song vi nhau.
+ Suppress: B ng kch thc.
- Extension Lines : Thit lp ng ging
+ Color : Mu ng ging
+ Lineweight: nh chiu rng nt v ng ging
+ Extend beyond dim lines: Khong cch nh ra khi ng kch thc
+ Offset From Origin: Khong cc t gc ng ging n vt c o
+ Suppress: B cc ng ging.
- Arrowheads : Thit lp m tn ca ng kch thc
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+ 1st : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th nht
+ 2nd : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th hai
+ Leader: Dng m tn cho u ng dn dng ch thch
+ Arrow size: ln ca u m tn
- Center Marks : Du tm v ng tm
+ Type : t kiu du tm.
+ Size : Kch thc du tm.

c. Trang Text : Gip ta hiu chnh cc thng s cho ch s kch thc
- Text Appearance : iu chnh hnh dng v kch c ca ch kch thc
+ Text Style: Gn kiu ch c nh ngha sn.
+ Text Color: Gn mu cho ch kch thc.
+ Text Height: Gn chiu cao cho ch kch thc.
+ Fraction height Scale: Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai kch thc v
ch s kch thc
+ Draw Frame Around Text: V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
- Text Placement: iu kin ch s kch thc
+ Vertical Position : iu kin ch s kch thc theo phng thng ng
Centered Ch s kch thc nm gia ng kch thc
Above V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng kch thc
Outside V tr ch s kch thc nm v hng ng kch thc c
khong cch xa nht t im gc ng ging
JIS V tr ng kch thc theo chun Nht bn
+ Horizontal Position : V tr ch s kch thc so vi ng kch thc v
ng ging. C 5 la chn sau.
Centered Ch s kch thc nm dc theo ng kch thc v
gia hai ng ging. TCVN chn Centered
1st Extension Line Ch s kch thc nm lch v pha ng ging th
nht
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2nd Extension Line Ch s kch thc nm lch v pha ng ging th
hai
Over 1st Extension
Line
V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng ging th nht
Over 2nd
Extension Line
V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng ging th hai

+ Offset From Dimension Line: Khong cch gia ch s kch thc v ng
kch thc theo tiu chun khong cch ny t 1 - 2 mm.
- Text Alignment : Hng ca ch s kch thc
+ Horizontal: Ch s kch thc s nm ngang.
+ Aligned With Dimension Line: Ch s kch thc lun song song vi ng
kch thc.
+ ISO Standard: Ch s kch thc s song song vi ng kch thc khi nm
trong hai ng ging v nm ngang khi nm ngoi hai ng ging.

d. Trang Fit : Kim tra v tr ch s kch thc, u m tn. ng dn v ng kch
thc.
- Fit Option: Kim tra v tr ca ch s kch thc v ng kch thc nm trong
hoc ngoi cc ng ging da trn khong cch gia cc ng ging. Khi chc th
AutoCad t ch s kch thc v mi tn nm gia cc ng ging. Nu khng ch th v
tr ca ch s kch thc v mi tn ph thuc vo cc la chn trong mc ny.
+ Either the text or the Arrows, which ever Fits Best: V tr ch s kch
thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging
* Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm
ngoi ng ging.
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* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc hoc mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.

+ Arrows: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.

+ Text: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.

+ Both text and Arrows: Khi khng chc cho ch s khch thc v mi tn
th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.

+ Always keep text between Ext Lines: Ch s kch thc lun nm trong hai
ng ging.

+ Suppress Arrows if They Don't Fit Inside Extension lines: Khng xut
hin m tn nu khng ch. Vi iu kin l ch s kch thc phi nm trong hai ng
ging.

- Text Placement : Gn ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng khi v tr mc nh
+ Beside the Dimension line: Sp xp ch s bn cnh ng kch thc
+ Over the Dimension Line, with a leader: C mt ng dn ni gia ch s
kch thc v ng kch thc.
+ Over the Dimension Line, Wihtout a leader: Khng c ng dn ni gia
ch s kch thc v ng kch thc..

- Scale for Dimension Features : Gn t l kch thc cho ton b bn v hoc t l
trong khng gian v
+ Use Overall Scale of: Gn t l cho ton b cc bin ca kiu kch thc. T
l ny khng thay i gi tr s ca ch s kch thc.
+ Scale Dimension to Layout (Paper Space) : Xc nh h s t l da trn t
l gia khung nh hin hnh trong khng gian v v khng gian giy.

- Fine Tuning Option : Gn cc la chn FIT b xung.
+ Place Text Manually When Dimensioning : B qua tt c thit lp ca ch
s kch thc theo phng nm ngang, khi ta ch nh v tr ch s kch thc theo im
nh v tr ca ng kch thc ti dng nhc : "Dimension line location"
+ Always Draw Dim Line Between Ext Lines : Nu chn nt ny th bt buc
c ng kch thc nm gia hai ng ging khi ch s kch thc nm ngoi hai ng
ging.

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e. Trang Primary Units : nh cc thng s lin quan n hnh dng v ln ca
ch s kch thc . Gn dng v chnh xc ca n v di v gc .....

- Linear Dimensions : Gn dng v n v cho kch thc di.
+ Unit Format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc tr gc.
+ Precision: Gn cc s thp phn c ngha
+ Fraction Format : Gn dng cho phn s
+ Decimal Separator: Gn dng du tch gia s nguyn v s thp phn.
+ Round off : Gn quy tc lm trn s
+ Prefix / Suffix : nh tin t v hu t cho ch s kch thc.
- Measurement Scale : Xc nh cc la chn cho t l o bao gm
+ Scale Factor : Gn h s t l o chiu dai cho tt c cc dng kch thc
ngoi tr kch thc gc. V d nu ta nhp 10 th Autocad hin th 1mm tng ng vi
10mm khi ghi kch thc.
+ Apply to Layout Dimensions Only: p dng t l ch cho cc kch thc to
trn layout.
- Zero Suppression : iu khin vic khng hin th cc s 0 khng ngha.
+ Leading: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha ng trc ch s kch thc. V
d 0.5000 th s him th .5000
+ Trailing: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha trong s cc s thp phn. d
60.55000 s hin th l 60.55
- Angular Dimensions : Gn dng hin hnh cho n v gc.
+ Units Format: Gn dng n v gc
+ Precision : Hin th v gn cc s thp c ngha cho n v gc
+ Zero Suppression: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha

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f. Trang Alternate Units: Gn cc n v lin kt, gn dng v chnh xc n v
chiu di, gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt.
- Display Alternate Units: Thm n v o lin kt vo ch s kch thc.
- Alternate Units: Hin th v gn dng n hin hnh cho tt c loi kch thc ngoi
tr kch thc gc.
+ Unit Format: Gn dng n v lin kt
+ Precision : Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha
+ Multiplier for Alternate Units: Ch nh h s chuyn i gia n v kch
thc chnh v kch thc lin kt
+ Round Distances To: Gn quy tc lm trn cho n v lin kt vi tt c cc
loi kch thc.
+ Prefix / Suffix; Gn tin t, hu t ca kch thc lin kt.
- Zero Suppression: Kim tra b qua cc s 0 khng c ngha.
- Placement: nh v tr t cc kch thc lin kt.
+ After Primary Units : t ch s lin kt sau ch s kch thc
+ Befor Primary Units : t ch s lin kt di ch s kch thc

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g. Trang Tolerance: iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai.
- Tolerance Format : iu khin hnh dng ca ch s dung sai.
+ None Khng thm vo sau ch s kch thc sai lch gii hn gi tr
dung sai
+ Symmetrical Du xut hin trc cc gi tr sai lch gii hn. Khi sai
lch gii hn trn v di c gi tr tuyt i ging nhau. Ta ch
cn nhp gi tr vo Upper value
+ Deviation Sai lch m v dng c gi tr khc nhau. Ta nhp gi tr sai
lch dng vo Upper Value v sai lch m vo Lower Value.
Khi nhp du tr vo trc gi tr ti Lower Value th sai lch
di s c gi tr dng, tng t nhp du tr vo Upper Value
th sai lch trn c gi tr m
+ Limits To nn cc kch thc gii hn, khi AutoCAD s hin th
gi tr kch thc gii hn ln nht v nh nht. Gi tr ln nht
bng kch thc danh ngha cng vi sai lch trn, gi tr nh
nht bng kch thc danh ngha cng (tr) vi sai lch di
+ Basic To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong
cch t ch s kch thc n cc cnh ca khung ch nht
bng gi tr bin DIMGAP.
- Precision: Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha
- Upper Value: Hin th v gn gii hn sai lch trn.
- Lower Value: Hin th v gn gii hn sai lch di.
- Scaling for Height: T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch
thc
- Vertical Position: iu khin im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai i vi kch thc
dung sai.
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- Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha i vi cc n v
dung sai lin kt..
- Alternate Unit Tolerance: Gn chnh xc v quy tc b s 0 khng c ngha i
vi cc n v dung sai lin kt.
+ Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc
+ Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha

3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc thng
a. Lnh DimLinear (DLI) ghi kch thc ngang thng ng
Dimension\Linear Dimlinear, Dimlin hoc DLI

Ghi kch thc thng nm ngang (Horizontal) hoc thng ng (Vertical) v nghing
(Rotated). Khi ghi kch thc thng ta c th chn hai im gc ng ging hoc chn i
tng cn ghi kch thc.

a1. Chn hai im gc ca hai ng ging
Command : DLI
Hoc Dimlinear
- Specify first extension line origin or <select
object>:
- Specify second extension line origin:
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:
Dimension text = 120
- im gc ng ging th nht

- im gc ng ging th hai
- Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc
hoc nhp to tng i

Commamd:
Khong cch gia ng kch thc (Dimension line) v i tng cn ghi kch thc nm
trong khong 6-10mm.

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a2. Phng php chn i tng o kch thc.
Ti dng nhc u tin ca lnh Dimlinear (hoc Dimalign) ta nhn phm ENTER:

Command : DLI
Hoc Dimlinear
object>:
- Select object to dimension:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta nhn ENTER

- Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc.
Tu thuc vo hng ko (hng ca si dy thun ko) ti dng nhc Specify
dimension line location or ta ghi cc kch thc thng khc nhau. Nu ko ngang th ta ghi
kch thc thng ng hoc ko ln hoc xung ta ghi kch thc ngang.

Cc la chn khc
Rotated
La chn ny ghi kch thc c ng kch thc nghing vi ng chun mt gc no .
Command : DLI
Hoc Dimlinear
object>:
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:R
- Specify angle of dimension line <0>: 60
- Bt im P1

- Bt im P2
- Ti dng nhc ny ta chn tham s R

- Nhp gc nghing v d l 60
0


Text
Dng nhp ch s kch thc hoc cc k t trc (prefix) v sau (suffix) ch s kch thc:
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: T
- Dimension text <>:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s T

- Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER chn mc nh

Mtext
Khi nhp M vo dng nhc Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ Text/ Angle/
Horizontal/ Vertaical/ Rotated]: s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting (tng t hp thoi
khi s dng lnh Mtext). Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp ch s kch thc, tin t (prefix), hu t
(suffix) nhp cc k hiu, v d: ,
0
, ta nhp theo bng sau:
K hiu Cch nhp Hin th
%%o %%o36,63 36.63 c gch trn u
%%u %%u36,63 36.63
%%d 36,36%%d 36,36
0
%%p %%p36,36 36,36
%%c %%c36,36
36,36
%%% 36,36%%% 36,36%

Angle
nh gc nghing cho dng ch s kch thc so vi phng ngang
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:A
- Specify angle of dimension text:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s A

- Nhp gi tr gc nghing ch s kch thc

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Horizontal
Ghi kch thc nm ngang, khi chn H xut hin dng nhc:

Text/Angle]:
- Dimension text =
- Chn v tr ng kch thc hoc s dng
cc la chn

Vertical
Ghi kch thc thng ng, nhp V xut hin cc dng nhc tng t la chn Horizontal.

b. Lnh DimAligned (DAL) ghi kch thc theo ng nghing.
Dimension\Aligned Dimaligned, Dimali hoc DAL

ng kch thc ghi bng lnh Dimaligned s song song vi on thng ni 2 im
gc ng ging.
b1. Ghi kch thc thng
Command : DAL
Hoc Dimaligned
object>:
Text/Angle]:
- im gc ng ging th nht

- im gc ng ging th hai
hoc nhp to tng i nh khong
cch

b2. Ghi kch thc cung v ng trn
ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn, ta thc hin nh sau:
Command : DAL
Hoc Dimaligned
object>:
- Select object to dimension:
Text/Angle]: T
- Dimension text < >:
Text/Angle]:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta chn ENTER

- Chn ng trn, im chn nh v tr 2
ng ging.

- Nhp ch s kch thc, %%C
- Chn im nh v tr ng kch thc.
Sau khi ghi kch thc khng c k hiu , nhp k hiu ny ta s dng lnh Dimedit, la
chn New.
La chn Mtext v Angle ca lnh Dimaligned tng t lnh Dimlinear.

c. Lnh DimBaseline (DBA) ghi kch thc // vi 1 kch thc c sn.
Dimension\Baseline Dimbaseline, Dimbase hoc DBA

Khi ghi chui kch thc song song bng lnh Dimbaseline kch thc s ghi (kch
thc thng, gc, to ) c cng ng ging th nht vi kch thc va ghi trc hoc
kch thc sn c trn bn v (gi l ng chun kch thc hoc chun thit k). Cc ng
kch thc cch nhau mt khong c nh bi bin DIMDLI (theo TCVN ln hn 7mm) hoc
nhp gi tr vo Baseline Spacing trn trang Lines and Arrows ca hp thoi New
Dimension Styles hoc Override Current Style.

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c1. Kch thc cng chun vi kch thc va ghi: Nu ta ghi chui kch thc song song
vi kch thc va ghi (kch thc P1P2) th tin hnh nh sau:
Command : DBA
Hoc Dimbaseline
- Specify a second extension line origin or
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Dimension text = 70
- Gc ng ging th hai P3


- Tip tc chn gc ng ging th hai P5

- Tip tc chn gc ng ging th hai P6

- Nhp phm ESC hoc ENTER hai ln

c2. Chn ng chun kch thc: Nu mun chui kch thc song song vi mt kch thc
c (khng phi l kch thc va ghi) th ti dng nhc u tin ta nhp ENTER. Khi ,
dng nhc sau y s xut hin:
Command : DBA
Hoc Dimbaseline
Specify a second extension line origin or
Select base dimension:

- Chn ng ging chun lm ng ging
th nht


d. Lnh DimContinue (DCO) ghi chui kch thc ni tip vi mt kch
thc c sn.
Dimension\Continue Dimcontinue, Dimcont hoc DCO

S dng lnh Dimcontinue ghi chui kch thc ni tip.
d1. Ni tip kch thc va ghi : ng ging th nht ca kch thc s ghi (kch thc
thng, gc, to ) l ng ging th hai ca kch thc va ghi trc .

Command : DCO
Hoc Dimcontinue
Gc ng ging th hai P3




Nhn phm ESC kt thc lnh
Mun kt thc lnh ta s dng phm ESC hoc ENTER hai ln.
d2. Ni tip vi kch thc bt k : Nu mun ghi kch thc ni tip vi mt kch thc hin
c trn bn v (khng phi l kch thc va ghi) ti dng nhc u tin, ta nhp S hoc
ENTER. Khi dng nhc sau s xut hin:
Select continued dimension: Chn ng ging ca kch thc ghi lm
ng ging th nht
Cc dng nhc tip theo xut hin nh phn trn.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 54

d3. Ghi chui kch thc gc ni tip
Ta thc hin nh sau:

Command : DAN
Hoc Dimangular
- Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>:
- Specify angle vertex:
- Specify first angle endpoint:
- Specify second angle endpoint:
- Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext
/Text/Angle]:

Chn nh gc, v d tm vng trn ln
Xc nh im cui cnh th nht
Xc nh im cui cnh th hai
Chn v tr ng cung kch thc

Command : DCO
Hoc Dimcontinue
Chn cnh tip ti im P3






Nhn phm ESC kt thc lnh

4. Cc lnh ghi kch thc hng tm
ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn (circle) hoc cung trn (arc) c gc tm ln
hn 180
0
dng lnh Dimdiameter, ghi kch thc bn knh cung trn c gc tm nh hn
180
0
ta s dng lnh Dimradius.
a. Lnh DimDiameter (DDI) ghi kch thc ng knh.
Dimension\Diameter Dimdiameter, Dimdia hoc DDI

Lnh Dimdiameter dng ghi kch thc ng knh.

Command : DDI
Hoc Dimdiameter
Select arc or circle:
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/
Text/Angle]:
Chn ng trn ti 1 im bt k.
V tr ca ng kch thc.
Khi ghi kch thc l hoc ng trn c ng knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch
thc nm ngoi ng trn.
du tm (Center mark) v ng tm (Center line) khng xut hin th trc khi ghi
kch thc bn knh v ng knh ta nh bin DIMCEN = 0 hoc chn loi (Type) ca Center
Marks for Circles trn hp thoi New (Modify) Dimension Styles l None.
La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimdiameter tng t nh cc la chn
trong lnh Dimlinear.

b. Lnh DimRadius (DRA) ghi kch thc bn knh.
Dimension\Radius Dimradius, Dimrad hoc DRA

Lnh Dimradius dng ghi kch thc bn knh.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 55

Command : DRA
Hoc Dimradius
Select arc or circle:
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/
Text/Angle]:
Chn cung trn ti 1 im bt k.
V tr ca ng kch thc.
Khi ghi kch thc cung trn c bn knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng trn.
La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimradius tng t nh cc la chn trong
lnh Dimlinear.
c. Lnh DimCenter (DCE) v ng tm hoc du tm.
Dimension\Center mark Dimcenter hoc DCE

Lnh Dimcenter v du tm (Center mark) v ng tm (Center line) ca ng trn
hoc cung trn.
Command : DCE
Hoc Dimcenter
Select arc or circle: Chn cung hoc ng trn.
Tu thuc vo bin DIMCEN khi s dng lnh Dimcenter s xut hin ng tm v
du tm hoc ch l du tm. Sau khi v ng tm ta phi thay i lp cho cc i tng va
v sang lp ng tm th dng ng tm mi xut hin.

5. Cc lnh ghi kch thc khc
a. Lnh DimAngular (DAN) ghi kch thc gc.
Dimension\Angular Dimangular, Dimang hoc DAN

Lnh Dimangular dng ghi kch thc gc.

a1. Ghi kch thc gc gia hai on thng
Ghi kch thc gc gia hai on thng P1P2 v P1P3.
Command : DAN
Hoc Dimangular
Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>:
Select second line:
Specify dimension arc line location or
[Mtext/Text/Angle]:
Chn on thng th nht P1P2
Chn on thng th hai P1P3
V tr ng kch thc

a2. Ghi kch thc gc qua 3 im
Ghi kch thc gc qua 3 im P1, P2 v P3.
Command : DAN
Hoc Dimangular
Angle Vertex:
First angle endpoint:
Second angle endpoint:
[Mtext/Text/Angle]:

Chn im nh ca gc
Xc nh im cui cnh th nht
Xc nh im cui cnh th hai
Chn v tr ng kch thc

a3. Ghi kch thc gc tm ca cung trn
Ghi kch thc gc tm ca cung trn.
Command : DAN
Hoc Dimangular
[Mtext/Text/Angle]:
- Chn cung trn
- Chn v tr ng cung kch thc, tu vo
im chn ta c cc kch thc khc nhau.
La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimangular tng t nh cc la chn trong
lnh Dimlinear.
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Bi Vit Thi Page 56
b. Lnh Leader (LED) ghi kch thc theo ng dn
Dimension\Leader Leader hoc LED

Lnh Leader ghi ch thch cho ng dn, nh s v tr trong bn v lp Leader l
mt i tng bao gm u mi tn gn vi cc phn on l ng thng hoc ng spline.
Ngoi ra, c mt on thng nh ngang nm di dng ch m t. Nu kch thc l lin kt
(bin DIMASSOC = ON) th im bt u ca leader s lin kt vi mt v tr ca i tng.
Nu i tng hnh hc thay i v tr th mi tn ca leader s lin kt vi i tng v cc
ng dn s ko gin ra, cc dng ch thch vn nm trn v tr c.

Command : Leader

Specify leader start point:
Specify next point:
Specify next point:
Specify next point or [Annotation/Format/
Undo] <Annotation>:
Enter first line of annotation text or
<options>:
Enter next line of annotation text:
im dn u tin P1
im dn k tip P2
im dn k tip P3 hoc ENTER
Nhp dng ch hoc ENTER

Nhp dng ch vo hoc ENTER

Tip tc nhp dng ch vo hoc ENTER
kt thc lnh.
Lc ny xut hin hp thoi Edit Mtext cho php ta nhp ch s kch thc vo.
Ti dng nhc Specify leader start point ta s dng phng thc bt im NEArest.
Nu ti dng nhc Annotation ta nhn phm ENTER th cc dng nhc sau s xut hin:

Command : Leader

Specify leader start point:
Specify next point:
Specify next point:
Specify next point or [Annotation/Format/
Undo] <Annotation>:
Enter first line of annotation text or
<options>:
Enter an annotation option [Tolerance/Copy/
Block/None/Mtext] <Mtext>:
im dn u tin P1
im dn k tip P2
im dn k tip hoc ENTER

Nhp ENTER hoc nhp dng ch

Nhp ENTER hoc s dng cc la chn
Cc la chn
Format
La chn ny xut hin dng nhc:
Enter leader format option [Spline/STraight/Arrow/None]<Exit>:
Spline/STraight ng dn c th l ng cong (Spline) hoc ng thng (STraight)
Arrow/None u ng dn xut hin mi tn (Arrow) hoc khng c mi tn (None)
Annotation :La chn ny cho php nhp dng ch s kch thc hoc dng ch vo.
Mtext: Lm xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting cho php ta nhp vn bn vo.
Tolerance: Cho php ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr bng hp thoi Geometric Tolerance
(tham kho thm lnh Tolerance)
Copy
Sao chp mt i tng l dng ch (nhp bng lnh Text, Dtext hoc Mtext) vo u ng
dn. Dng ch ny s lin kt vi kch thc ghi. Khi nhp C s xut hin:
Select an object to copy: Chn dng ch cn sao chp.
Block: Chn mt block vo u ng dn. Khi nhp B:
Enter block name or [?]:
None: Khng c ch thch ti u ng dn.
Undo :Hu b mt nh va chn trong lnh Leader.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 57

6. Lnh hiu chnh kch thc
a. Lnh Dimtedit thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc.
Dimension\Align Text Dimtedit hoc Dimted Dimension
Lnh Dimtedit cho php ta thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc ca mt kch
thc lin kt.
Command : Dimtedit

Select Dimension:
Specify new location for dimension text or
[Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]:
- Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh
- Di ch s kch thc n v tr cn thit
hoc chn L, R, C, H, A
Ti dng nhc Specify new location for dimension text or [Left /Right /Center/ Home/
Angle]: ta di v tr ch s kch thc n v tr cn thit (lc ng kch thc v ng
ging thay i theo) hoc chn mt trong cc la chn.
Cc la chn
Left : Kch thc c di sang tri.
Right : Kch thc c di sang phi.
Home: Kch thc v tr ban u khi ghi kch thc
Center : t v tr ch s kch thc nm gia ng kch thc.
Angle: Quay ch s kch thc, ti dng nhc cui cng khi nhp A:
Enter text angle: Nhp gc quay cho ch s kch thc.

b. Lnh DimEdit (DED) hiu chnh v tr, gi tr, gc quay ch s kch thc.
Dimension\Oblique Dimedit, Dimed hoc DED Dimension
Lnh Dimedit dng thay i ch s kch thc ca kch thc ang hin th trn
mn hnh v nghing ca ng ging.
Command : DED
Hoc Dimedit
Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/
Rotate/Oblique] <Home>:

Cc la chn
Home: a ch s kch thc tr v v tr ban u khi ghi kch thc. Khi nhp H, xut hin
dng nhc:
Select object: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh
New
Thay i ch s kch thc cho kch thc ghi. Khi nhp N ti dng nhc cui cng s xut
hin hp thoi Multiline Edit Mtext v ta nhp ch s kch thc mi vo. Dng nhc sau s
xut hin:
Select object: Chn kch thc cn thay i ch s kch thc.
hiu chnh gi tr ch s kch thc ta c th s dng lnh Ddedit.
Rotate
Tng t la chn Angle ca lnh imEdit
OBLique
To cc ng gc xin (gc nghing ng ging vi ng kch thc). S dng la chn
Oblique ghi kch thc hnh chiu trc o trong bn v 2D. Khi nhp O s xut hin dng
nhc:
Select objects: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh
Select objects: Chn tip kch thc cn hiu chnh hoc ENTER kt thc vic la chn
Enter oblique angle (press ENTER for none): Gi tr gc nghing so vi ng chun.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 58
XIII. To khi v ghi khi.
1. Lnh to khi Block
Sau khi s dng cc phng php to mt hnh hnh hc, ta s dng lnh Block hoc nhm
chng li thnh mt i tng duy nht gi l block. Block l tham kho bn trong bn v,
Bn c th s dng cc phng php sau to block:
- Kt hp cc i tng to nh ngha block trong bn v hin hnh ca bn.
- To file bn v v sau chn chng nh l mt block trong bn v khc.
- To file bn v vi vi nh ngha block lin quan nhau phc v nh mt th vin block.
Mt block c th bao gm cc i tng c v trn nhiu lp khc nhau vi cc tnh cht
mu, dng ng v t l ng ging nhau. Mc d mt block lun lun c chn trn lp
hin hnh, mt tham kho block vn gi thng tin v cc tnh cht lp, mu v dng ng ban
u ca i tng m nhng tnh cht ny c trong block. Bn c th kim tra cc i tng c
gi cc tnh cht ban u hoc tha hng cc tnh cht t cc thit lp lp hin hnh hay
khng.

a. Lnh Block

Draw>Block>Make Block

Khi thc hin lnh Block s xut hin hp thoi Block Denifition. lm xut hin
cc dng nhc nh cc phin bn trc ta thc hin lnh Block.

Command : Block
Hoc t Draw menu chn Block>Make

Khi xut hin hp thoi Block Denifition.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 59

Cc la chn hp thoi Block Denifition

Block name: Nhp tn block vo son tho Name, v d GHE. Tn block ti a 255 k t c
th l: ch ci, ch s, khong trng hoc k t bt k m Microsoft Window
v AutoCAD
s dng cho cc mc ch khc nu bin h thng EXTNAMES = 1. Nu bin EXTNAMES =
0 th tn block ti a 31 k t. Tn block v cc nh ngha c lu trong bn v hin hnh.
Khng c s dng cc tn sau y lm tn block: DIRECT, LIGHT, AVE_RENDER,
RM_SDB, SH_SPOT v OVERHEAD. Mun xem danh sch block trong bn v ta chn nt

Base point
Ch nh im chun chn block, mc nh l 0,0,0.
X Ch nh honh X
Y Ch nh tung Y
Z Ch nh cao Z
Pick Point
Nu chn nt ny th tm thi hp thoi Block Denifition s ng li v xut hin dng nhc
Specify insertion base point: v bn chn im chun chn trc tip trn bn v.

Objects: Ch nh i tng c trong block mi v cho php ta gi li, chuyn i cc i
tng chn thnh block hoc xo cc i tng ny khi bn v sau khi to block.
Retain
Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit sau khi to block.
Convert to Block
Chuyn cc i tng chn thnh block ngay sau khi to block (tng t chn ngay block va
to ti v tr c)
Delete
Xo cc i tng chn sau khi to block.
Select Objects
Tm thi ng hp thoi Block Denifition trong lc bn chn cc i tng to block. Khi
kt thc la chn cc i tng trn bn v, bn ch cn ENTER th hp thoi Block Denifition
s xut hin tr li.
Quick Select
Hin th hp thoi Quick Select cho php bn chn nhm cc i tng theo lp, mu, ng
nt (tng t lnh Qselect)
Objects Selected
Hin th s cc i tng c chn to thnh block.

Preview Icon: Xc nh vic c lu hay khng preview icon (Biu tng xem trc) vi nh
ngha block v ch nh ngun (source) ca icon.
Do Not Include an Icon
Preview icon s khng c to.
Create Icon from Block Geometry
To preview icon c lu vi nh ngha block t hnh dng hnh hc ca cc i
tng trong block.
Preview Image
Hin th hnh nh ca preview icon m bn ch nh.

Insert Units: Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp block c s thay i t l khi ko t
AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.

Description: nh cc dng text m t lin kt vi cc nh ngha block.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 60
b. Trnh t to block bng hp thoi Block Denifition
to block ta thc hin theo trnh t sau:
- Thc hin lnh Block (hoc t Draw menu chn Block>Make..), hp thoi Block Denifition
xut hin.
- Nhp tn block vo son tho Name, v d GHE.
- Chn nt Select Objects< s tm thi ng hp thoi tr v vng ho bn v v s dng
cc phng php chn khc nhau chn cc i tng ca block. Sau khi chn xong cc i
tng, nhp ENTER s xut hin li hp thoi Block Denifition. Cn ch rng khi chn cc
i tng th s cc i tng chn s xut hin di khung Objects.
- Nhp im chun chn (Insertion base point) ti cc X, Y, Z hoc chn nt Pick Point<
chn mt im chn trn vng ho.
- Nhn nt OK kt thc lnh. Nu ta chn nt Delete trn vng Objects th khi cc i
tng to block s b xo i, mun phc hi cc i tng ny ta thc hin lnh Oops. Mun
gi li cc i tng to block ta chn nt Retain. Mun chuyn cc i tng c chn thnh
block ngay sau khi to block, ta chn nt Convert to Block.

Ch
- Ta c th thay i gc quay v im chn ca block bng lnh Change.
- truy bt im chn block (Insertion point) ta s dng phng thc bt im INSert.
- Cc block c th xp lng nhau (nested block) trong block BAN cha block GHE, trong
bn v OFFICE.DWG ta chn block BAN vo.

c. To block bng lnh Block
Nu thc hin lnh Block th ta c th to block theo cc dng nhc lnh tng t cc phin
bn trc .

Command : -Block

Enter block name or [?]:
Specify insertion base point:
Select objects:
Select objects:
Nhp tn block
Chn im chun chn
Chn cc i tng to block
Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER kt
thc lnh

Cc la chn lnh Block
Block Name
Tn block ti a 255 k t. Nu ta nhp trng tn vi block c trong bn v s xut hin dng
nhc sau:
Block NAME already exists. Redefine it? [Yes/No] <N>: Nhp Y nh ngha li block,
nhp N nhp tn khc hoc ENTER chn mc nh.

?
Nu ti dng nhc Enter block name [?] ta nhp ? s xut hin dng nhc tip theo:
Enter block(s) to list <*>: Nhp ENTER lit k cc block c trong bn v.
Trn danh sch bao gm: cc block nh ngha trong bn v, xref v cc block ph thuc
ngoi v s cc block khng c tn trong bn v.

2. Lnh chn Block vo bn v Insert
Sau khi to block th ta c th chn n vo bn v hin hnh ti v tr bt k. Ngoi ra ta cn c
th chn bn v bt k vo bn v hin hnh. Ta c th chn mt block hoc file bn v (lnh
Insert, -Insert), chn nhiu block sp xp theo dy (lnh Minsert) hoc chn block ti cc
im chia (lnh Divide, Measure). Ngoi ra ta c th chn cc block t file bn v ny sang
bn v khc bng AutoCAD Design Center.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 61
a. Chn block vo bn v (lnh Insert)
Insert>Block Insert Draw

S dng lnh Insert chn block hoc file bn v vo trong bn v hin hnh.

Command : Insert
Hoc t Insert menu chn Block

Xut hin hp thoi Insert.

Cc la chn hp thoi Insert

Name
Ch nh tn ca block hoc file bn v cn chn vo bn v hin hnh. Block m bn chn
trong ln ny s l block mc nh cho cc ln chn bng lnh Insert sau . Bin h thng
INSNAME lu tr tn ca block mc nh.

Browse
Lm xut hin hp thoi Select Drawing File (tng t khi thc hin lnh Open), trn hp
thoi ny bn c th chn block hoc file bn v cn chn.

Path
Ch nh ng dn ca file bn v chn.

Insertion point
Ch nh im chn ca block.
Specify On-Screen Khi chn nt ny v chn OK th hp thoi Insert tm thi ng li v ta
nh im chn trn bn v theo dng nhc:
Specify insertion point or
[Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
X, Y, Z Nhp honh , tung v cao im chn.

Scale
Ch nh t l cho block hoc bn v c chn. Nu nhp gi tr t l X, Y v Z m th cc
block hoc file bn v c chn s i xng qua trc.
Specify On-Screen Ch nh t l chn bng cc dng nhc
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Chn cc la chn

Cc la chn
X, Y, Z T l chn theo phng X, Y, Z
Scale T l chn theo cc phng X, Y v Z ging nhau.
PScale La chn ny cho php xem trc hnh nh block trn mn hnh trc khi chn.
Khi nhp PS xut hin cc dng nhc sau:
Specify preview scale factor for XYZ axes: Nhp t l xem trc
Specify insertion point: Chn im chn
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ]<1>:
Nhp t l theo phng X
PX, PY, PZ La chn ny cho php xem trc hnh nh block trn mn hnh trc khi chn.
Uniform Scale T l chn X, Y, Z ging nhau, khi ch nhp mt gi tr t l X.

Rotation
Ch nh gc quay cho block c chn
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 62
Angle Nhp gi tr gc quay trc tip vo hp thoi Insert
Specify On-Screen Ch nh gc quay bng cc dng nhc

Explode
Ph v cc i tng ca block sau khi chn. Khi ta ch cn nhp t l X (v X, Y v Z bng
nhau). Cc i tng thnh phn ca block v trn lp 0 th s nm trn lp ny. Cc i tng
c gn BYBLOCK s c mu trng. i tng c dng ng gn l BYBLOCK th s c
dng ng CONTINUOUS.

b. Trnh t chn block hoc file vo bn v hin hnh
chn block v file bn v, ta thc hin theo trnh t sau:
- Thc hin lnh Insert (hoc t Insert menu chn Block) s xut hin hp thoi Insert.
- Nhp tn block hoc tn file (vi ng dn) ti son tho Name.
- Nu khng nh tn block hoc file, ta c th chn t danh sch hoc chn nt Browse lm
xut hin cc hp thoi Select Drawing File cho php ta chn file chn.
- Nu chn nt Specify on Screen v nt OK th ta ln lt nhp: Insertion point (im chn), X,
Y-Scale (t l chn theo phng thc X, Y), Rotation angle (gc quay block) trn dng nhc
lnh (tng t lnh -Insert)
- Nu mun block c ph v sau khi chn, ta chn nt Explode trn hp thoi Insert.
Block c th chn v tr bt k, vi t l theo phng X, Y khc nhau v quay chung quanh
im chn 1 gc tu .

c. Chn block vi t l chn m
T l chn c th m. Nu t l X m th block c chn i xng qua trc song song vi trc
Y v i qua im chn (tng t thc hin lnh Mirror qua trc song song trc Y). Nu Y m
th block c chn i xng qua trc song song vi trc X v i qua im chn (tng t thc
hin lnh Mirror qua trc song song trc X)

d. Mu v dng ng ca block
Mu v dng ng ca block khi chn c xc nh khi to block:
(1) Nu block c to trn lp 0 (lp 0 l lp hin hnh khi to block) th khi chn block c
mu v dng ng ca lp hin hnh.
(2) Nu block c to vi mu v dng ng l BYLAYER trong mt lp c tn ring
(khng phi lp 0) th khi chn block vn gi nguyn mu v dng ng theo lp
(BYLAYER) i tng to block.
(3) Nu block c to vi mu v dng ng c gn BYBLOCK, th khi chn s c mu v
dng ng ang gn cho cc i tng ca bn v hin hnh hoc theo mu v dng ng
ca lp hin hnh.
(4) Nu i tng to block c mu v dng ng c gn ring (khng phi theo
BYLAYER hoc BYBLOCK) th block s gi mu v dng ng ring ca n.

e. Lnh Insert
Khi thc hin lnh Insert s xut hin cc dng nhc cho php ta chn block hoc file bn v
vo bn v hin hnh nh cc phin bn trc .

Command : - Insert

Enter block name or [?]: GHE
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/
Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner
or [Corner/XYZ] <1>:
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:
Specify rotation angle <0>:
Nhp tn block
nh im chn block

Nhp h s t l theo phng X

Nhp h s t l theo phng Y
Nhp gc quay

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 63
Nu to dng nhc Enter block name <> ta nhp ? s lit k danh sch cc block c trong
bn v.
Nu to dng nhc Enter block name <> ta nhp du ng (~) th s hin th hp thoi Select
Drawing File.
Bn c th kim tra s chn block vo trong bn v ti dng nhc Enter block name <> nh
sau:
- Chn block c ph v
Nu nhp du hoa th (*) trc tn block th khi chn, block b ph v thnh cc i tng n.
- Cp nht ng dn cho block
Nu bn nhp tn block cn chn m khng nhp ng dn (path) th AutoCAD u tin s
tm kim trong d liu bn v hin hnh c tn block hoc file bn v bn va nhp khng. Nu
khng tm c th AutoCAD s tm tn file trong cc ng dn hin c. Nu AutoCAD tm
c file ny th s s dng file ny nh mt block trong sut qu trnh chn. Sau file bn v
va chn th chng tr thnh block ca bn v hin hnh. Bn c th thay th nh ngha block
hin ti bng file bn v khc bng cch nhp ti dng nhc Enter Block Name:
Block name (tn block c s dng) = file name (tn file bn v)
Khi cc block chn s c cp nht bng block hoc file mi.
- Cp nht nh ngha Block Definition
Nu bn mun thay i cc block chn bng mt file bn v hoc block khc th ti dng
nhc Enter Block Name: nhp tn block hoc tn file bn v.
Block name =
Khi xut hin cc dng nhc tip theo:
Block current already exists. Redefine it? [Yes/No] <No>:
Nhp Y hoc N. Nu bn nhp Y th AutoCAD thay th nh ngha block hin hnh bi
mt nh ngha block mi. AutoCAD ti to bn v v nh ngha mi s p dng cho ton b
cc block chn. Nhn phm ESC ti dng nhc nhp im chn sau y nu nh bn khng
mun chn block mi.
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/ Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Chn la chn

Ta c th nhp Rotation angle hoc cc t l chn X, Y, Z trc khi xut hin dng nhc
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: bng cch nhp R hoc
S, Y, Z ti dng nhc Specify Insertion point , v d:

Command : - Insert

Enter block name <>:
Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: R
Specify rotation angle <0>: 45
Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner,
or [Corner/XYZ] <1>:
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:
Nhp tn block hoc file bn v
Nhp gi tr Rotation angle trc

Gc quay 45
0
Chn im chn

Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER

Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER

Ch
hnh nh ca block khi chn hin th ng trn mn hnh ta chn bin DRAGMODE = 1.

3. Lnh lu Block thnh File dng nhiu ln (lnh Wblock)

File>Export(Chn .DWG) Wblock, W

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 64
Lnh Wblock (Write block to file) s dng lu mt block hoc mt s i tng ca bn v
hin hnh thnh mt file bn v mi. Block c lu thnh file phi nm trong bn v hin
hnh. File bn v sau khi c to bng lnh Wblock c th chn vo file bn v khc.

Nu ta mun chn mt block hoc mt s i tng ca file bn v hin hnh (v d block GHE
trn file TABLE.DWG) vo file bn v khc (v d ROOM.DWG) th ta thc hin theo trnh t:
- u tin ti bn v TABLE.DWG ta s dng lnh Wblock lu block GHE bn v ny thnh 1
file (v d CHAIR.DWG)
- Sau ti bn v ROOM.DWG thc hin lnh Insert chn file va to (CHAIR.DWG) vo.

Ch
Trong AutoCAD 2004, ta c th s dng AutoCAD Design Center ko mt block ca mt
file bn v bt k vo bn v hin hnh.

a. To file t block c sn
to mt file bn v t mt block sn c ta thc hin theo trnh t sau:
- Thc hin lnh Wblock xut hin hp thoi Write block.
- Ti vng Source ta chn nt block.
- Ta nhp tn file vo son tho File name, cn ch n ng dn ( son tho Location:)
v n v ( son tho Insert units:)
- Sau chn block cn lu thnh file ti danh sch ko xung trong mc Source.
- Nhp phm OK.

b. To file t mt s i tng ca bn v
Nu mun s dng lnh Wblock lu mt s i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh mt file
ta thc hin nh sau:
- Thc hin lnh Wblock xut hin hp thoi Write block.
- Ti vng source ta chn Objects.
- Nhp tn file vo son tho File name.
- Chn im chun chn (Base point) v i tng (Objects) tng t hp thoi Block
Definition.
- Chn nt OK.

c. Lu tt c i tng bn v hin hnh thnh mt file
Ta c th lu tt c cc i tng bn v thnh file, tuy nhin lnh Wblock, khc vi lnh
Saveas, l ch nhng i tng bn v v cc i tng c t tn (Named Objects) nh:
block, lp (layer), kiu ch (text style) c s dng trong bn v mi c lu.

Command: Wblock
Xut hin hp thoi Write block. Ti vng Source ta chn Entire drawing. Nhp tn file vo
son tho File name v chn nt OK.
lu cc i tng hoc block thnh file bn v ta c th s dng lnh Export (danh mc
ko xung File, mc Export). Xut hin hp thoi Export v ta chn Block (*.dwg) ti danh
sch ko xung Save as type:

4. Lnh ph v Block l Explode hoc Xplode.
Block c chn vo bn v l mt i tng ca AutoCAD. Block b ph v ngay
khi chn, ta c th chn nt Explode trn hp thoi Insert hoc sau khi chn ta thc hin cc
lnh Explode hoc Xplode. Tuy nhin trong a s trng hp ta khng nn ph v block, ngoi
tr khi cn nh ngha li.
a. Ph v block bng lnh Explode
Modify>Explode Explode, X
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 65
Mun ph v block chn thnh cc i tng n ta s dng lnh Explode. Trong
AutoCAD 2004, ta c th ph v block vi t l chn X, Y khc nhau. Cc i tng n c
cc tnh cht (mu, dng ng, lp) nh trc khi to block.

Command: Explode

- Select objects:
- Select objects:
- Chn block cn ph v
- Tip tc chn hoc nhn phm ENTER thc hin
lnh
Nu block c to thnh t cc i tng phc: a tuyn, mt ct, dng ch th ln
u tin ta thc hin lnh Explode ph v block thnh cc i tng phc, sau ta tip tc
thc hin lnh Explode ph v cc i tng phc ny thnh cc i tng n. Khi ph v
ng trn v cung trn c t l chn khc nhau, th chng s tr thnh elip hoc cung elip.

b. Ph v block bng lnh Xplode
Xplode
Mun ph v Block chn thnh cc i tng n ban u vi cc tnh cht ta gn
ring cho tng i tng hoc cho tt c cc i tng th s dng lnh Xplode. Ta ch c th
thc hin lnh Xplode vi cc block c t l chn X, Y theo gi tr tuyt i bng nhau.

XIV. In bn v.
Thc hin in bn v ta thc hin nh sau

File \ Plot Plot hoc Print
Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi Plot sau.

AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 66
1. Trang Plot Device : Ch nh my in s dng, bng kiu in, thng tin v vic in ra File
* Plotter Configuration: Hin th tn my in ca h thng nu c nhiu my in ta c
th chn tn my in cn dng trong danh sch Name.
- Nt Properties : Chnh hoc xem cu hnh my in hin hnh.
- Nt Hints : Hin th thng tin v thit b in.
* Plot Style Table (pen Assignments): Gn, hiu chnh hoc to mi bng kiu in.
- Khung Name : Hin th bng kiu in c dng.
- Nt Edit: Hin th Plot Style Table Editor hiu chnh bng kiu in ang chn.
- Nt New: Dng to bng kiu in mi.
Sau khi chn c bn kiu in ta nhn vo nt Edit gn nt v cn thit cho cc kiu
ng khc nhau. Nht nt Edit xut hin hp thoi sau. Tip ta chn trang Form View
Trong ta chn mu tng ng cn gn kiu mu in ra v nt v trong kung Plot Styles
sau ta chn mu bn khung Color bn phi. V d nh: Trn bn v ta v bng mu vng
nhng khi in ra ta gn mu vng thnh mu en cho nt v .

- Sau khi la chn c cc thng s ta nhn vo nut Save&Close ghi v ng
hp thoi ny li
* What to Plot: Xc nh nhng g m bn mong mun in.
- Current Tab: In trang in hin hnh thng thng chn mc ny.
- Number of Copies: S bn cn in ra.
* Plot to File : Xut bn v ra File ( t khi dng)

Chn mu cn thay i
Tn bng kiu in ang c hiu chnh
Gn kiu mu c in ra
Gn rng nt v
Gn kiu kt thc ca nt v
Gn kiu kiu t c
Gn kiu ng c in ra
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 67
2. Trang Plot Settings ( hin thi khi ta click chut vo trang ny.) Dng ch nh kh giy,
vng in, hng in, T l in, .....
* Paper Size and Paper Units: Chn kh giy in v n v in theo inch hoc mm
* Drawing Orientation: Ch nh hng in bn v:
- Landscape : Chn kiu in ngang
- Portrait : Chn kiu in ng
- Bn c th kt hp cc la chn Portrait hoc Landscape vi vung Plot Upside-
Down quay bn v mt gc 0
0
, 90
0
, 180
0
, 270
0
.
* Plot Area : Ch nh vng in bn v.
- Thng thng ta dng la chn Window xc nh khung ca s cn in . Khung ca
s cn in ny c xc nh bi hai im gc i din ca ng cho khung ca s. Sau khi
chn nt WinDow ta hay dng phng php truy bt im xc nh 2 im l ng cho
ca khung cn in.
* Polt Scale: Thng thng ta chn Scale to Fit lc ny AutoCad t ng Scale khung
ca s vo kh giy in ca my in mt cch t ng.
* Plot Offset : im gc bt u in l im gc tri pha di ca vng in c ch
nh.
* Plot Options : Ch nh cc la chn cho chiu rng nt in. kiu in v bng kiu in
hin hnh.
- Plot with Lineweights: In theo chiu rng nt in nh trn hp thoi Layer
Properties Manager.
- Plot with Plot Style: Khi in s dng kiu in gn cho i tng trn bng kiu in. Tt
c cc nh ngha vi cc c trng tnh cht khc nhau c lu tr trn bng kiu in. La
chn ny thay th cho Pen Assignments trong cc phin bn Cad trc ca AutoCad.
- Plot Paperspace Last: u tin in cc i tng trong khng gian m hnh. Thng
thng cc i tng trn khng gian giy v c in trc cc i tng trn khng gian m
hnh.
- Hide Objects: Che cc nt khut khi in.
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi Page 68
* Partial Preview: Xut hin hp thoi Pratial Plot Preview. Hin th vng in so vi
kch thc kh giyv vng c th In
- Paper Size: Hin th kch thc kh giy c chn hin hnh
- Printable Area: Hin th vng c th in bn trong kch thc kh giy.
- Effective Area: Hin th kch thc ca bn v bn trong vng c th in
- Warnings: Hin th cc dng cnh bo
* Full Preview: Hin ln ton b bn v nh khi ta in ra giy. Hnh nh trc khi in
hin th theo chiu rng nt in m ta gn cho bn v. Trong Autocad 2004 nu ta nhp phm
phi khi dang quan st bn v sp in th s xut hin shortcut menu v ta c th thc hin cc
chc nng Real Time zoom, Real Time Pan.... kim tra li hnh nh sp in qua v hp
thoi in ta chn Exit
3. Cui cng: Khi thit lp c cc thng s cn thit cho bn in ta nhn nt OK
thc hin in bn v.

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Gia o Trinh Auto Cad 2004 PDF

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AutoCad 2004

Bi Vit Thi Page 1

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