Stellda Ibooks PDF

S T E L L D A
Stella Wong
Wong, Stella Wednesday, June 4, 2014 10:39:10 AM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:a9:cd
This picture depicts the setting where Stellda will settle, grow and thrive.
1
Introduction
As I walked into to the vast plains where wild
animals roam, where the hills, fields, plants
and creeks fill my vision. I stood on a small
hill and there was a little, green forest on
the far left. The white, almost transparent
clouds sat on the baby blue sky. My chapped
lips started to bleed, the taste of fresh
blood moved swiftly into my mouth. The taste
of wheat and meat I ate last night still
stained in my mouth. I closed my eyes to hear
the footsteps of animals crunching against
the dirt ground.. The water in the small river
flowed along gently with the wind. I could
smell the moist air from previous rainfalls.
The faint smell of smoke filled my nose as the
roasted meat was set above the pit of crack-
ling fire for dinner. I opened my eyes and I
walked down the hill with careful, small steps.
The twigs under my bare feet kept poking me,
constantly creating splinters. The smooth peb-
bles soothed the skin of my feet after going
walking through the tough twigs. The dust and
smoke carried by the wind flew into my eyes
causing them to water and blink. The wheat
swayed back and forth along with the wind,
brushing softly against my ankles. The moment
I placed my feet on the ground of the plains,
I suddenly got carried away into another
world, a much more different world than I
could ever imagine.
2
We won't have a society if we destroy the environment. -Margaret Mead
CHAPTER 1
3
Modifications
SECTION 1
Part I - Analysis of the Problem
The first step in building a successful
civilization is to secure basic needs such as
food and water. Due to its geography, the ma-
jor challenges the civilization of Stellda
faces in achieving a basic food and water sup-
ply include the following:
Figure 1.1
Modications in Stellda
Human Changes to the Land
4
1. The plains can be a tough location to cre-
ate a thriving civilization. It provides fine
farming land that will grow enough crops to
feed the civilization of Stellda, but the soil
is very likely to dry up during the summer.
Bugs and animals could possibly destroy and
eat our crops, leaving little food for our civi-
lization. Hunting will be an option if we dont
have the ability to farm. Hunting will be chal-
lenging if we face the problems of sicknesses
in the animals and predators eating our food.
Hunting is a very unreliable food source and
that could possibly lead to death for the civi-
lization.
2. Another challenge living in the plains is an
unreliable water source. During the summer,
water is very likely to dry up. In rainy sea-
sons, water can flood and our farming land
could be destroyed. We are uncertain about
where the water is coming from. The water
can be very easily be infected by other ani-
mals drinking from the river, leaving different
diseases and that can spread to us. Like the
Greeks, water is also very scarce even the in
plains and valleys. (Frey 249)

5
Part II - Proposed Solutions
Modifications are the way human change their
physical environment to suit their needs and
the way they live. In the civilization of
Stellda, we could cut down trees and use the
wood to build our basic needs like shelter,
tools and bridges over the river. We can do-
mesticate animals like sheep, buffalos and
pigs and they can do work for us and we can
also kill them whenever we need food and
clothing. We would be very careful with the
amount of animals we use and make sure that
they wont go extinct. Modifications to the
physical environment are very important to a
civilization because in order to survive, they
must depend on the changes the make to na-
ture.
Without any solution to our unreliable food
source, it will lead to starvation for Stellda.
So here are some of our solutions. We de-
cided to domesticate animals like buffalo and
sheep; buffalos can do hard and heavy work
for us and sheep will provide clothing for the
winter with their thick coats. We will hunt ani-
mals like boars because they are hard to do-
mesticate and they will be our food source.
We are like the Greeks because we are creat-
ing step-like terraces or flat areas. (Frey 79)
Then we can keep animals on these flat sur-
faces. We will try our best to separate preda-
6
tors and prey, building a fence is an option
for us. Whenever bugs and insects get to our
crops, we will make bug repellent out of
herbs. This way, our food source will be much
steadier and safer than before.
Our civilization and the wild animals both
share the same water from the river. We are
very cautious of the waters purity. Firstly,
we will make a net with very small holes using
plants that will trap the bacteria in the wa-
ter. Then we will boil the water over a fire
and the high temperature will make sure that
the water is very clean. The river is most
likely to flood during raining seasons so build-
ing a dam is a very important step to our sur-
vival. We are like the Mesopotamians because
they built dams to block the river and the wa-
ter collected in the pools they had built.
(Frey 36) It also prevents the water from
getting to our shelter, other structures we
7
Modications in Stellda: domesticated animals and crop
Gallery 2.1
have built, and our animals. During the hot
summer days, we will build an irrigation system
for our only water source when its drying up.
These solutions will make sure our civilization
and animals getting enough water.
8
CHAPTER 2
9
Law and Government
At his best, man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice he is the worst.
-Aristotle
Source: http://www.prismnet.com/~dierdorf/chancel.jpg
SECTION 1
Part I - Lessons on Democracy
One important lesson learned from the
rise of democracy and direct democracy in
Athens is that everyone in a civilization
should be equal from beginning to end. They
allowed Athenian men over the age of 18 to
be part of their government. Athenian assem-
blies were made up of 6,000 citizens and a
Maintaining Civil Order
10
This picture shows a Roman Assembly. Source: http://sjsdblogs.com/shelbykernshumanities/les/2013/09/246238-2ktc6hq.jpg
Gallery 3.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur
Council of 500 that created the laws. The
assembly debated and voted on laws proposed
by the council.(Frey 261) The inconsiderate
part of this is that unwise choices are made
and it is very time consuming. Decisions are
often changed because of the big group of
500 and they dont get much done.
The Council of Elders made up of 30 peo-
ple were part of the government and created
laws for the civilization of Sparta. The Spar-
tan assembly had a fewer amount of people
than Athens. They made laws much more effi-
ciently than an Athenian assembly would. I
think its good that they shared power among
28 elders and 2 kings and would make good de-
cisions for their civilization. Members of the
Assembly could only vote yes or no on laws
suggested by the council of elders. (Frey
265) Everything has its own imperfections.
Like the Athenian people could debate the
laws while the Spartans could only vote yes or
no, not being able to express their feelings.
They actually ended up being one of the most
successful ancient civilizations.
The overall lesson that I learned while
studying about the rise of the Roman Republic
is that everyone should be equal from begin-
ning to end so that there will be less con-
flicts between people. I learned this from the
Order of Conflicts when the plebeians wanted
11
more rights but eventually left and the patri-
cians soon realized that they were very impor-
tant to the government. The plebeians had
to fight for what they wanted. They began to
demand more political rights. (Frey 319) In or-
der for a civilization to be successful, they
need to have fair leaders that think for the
people and everyone should have the right to
do what they want.
Part II - Code of Laws
Even though our civilization is very suc-
cessful and thriving right now, there are many
things that can threaten our civilization. Mur-
dering is a huge threat to anyone that it can
happen anywhere, any time. Many people like
women and children dont have the same rights
to do what free men can and face many abu-
sive things. People steal and break into other
peoples houses; weapons like knives and
swords are dangerous and threatening. In our
civilization of Stellda, we created a few laws
to prevent these threats.
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Stelldas Code of Laws
It is written that all people shall follow these
laws:
I. If you are caught stealing something impor-
tant, one of your hands shall be cut off
II. If you murder anyone, you shall be put to
death but will be handled at court first
III. If you are purchasing any kind of weap-
ons you must take and pass a government
test, if you dont you cant have any weapons
IV. If you dont have a signed form when
leaving or entering the city you are banned
from the city for 6 months
V. If you harm any wild animals, you have to
pay for it
The laws and penalties above will help
shape and make a successful civilization. It
will minimize chaos in our civilization. The rea-
son why one of your hands is cut off when
you are caught stealing something important
is because each time you steal, you will not
have any more hands to steal and do bad
things. If you are found guilty first at
court, then its just like an eye for eye.
Weapons are only for protection and not for
murdering others or hurting others. Our civili-
zation needs to keep track of what kind of
people is coming and entering the city for
13
safety issues. Lastly, wild animals are very im-
portant to our civilization because they pro
vide us many things like clothing and food so
we have to keep them safe just in case if
anything happens.
Part III - Political Leadership Lessons from
Julius Caesar
Lessons should be learned from Julius
Caesars short dictatorship. In just one
year, he did things that filled the needs of
most people. The plebeians were especially
happy with what Caesar did but that caused
the patricians to have
many conflicts. For a
successful civilization,
you have to fulfill the
needs of all people and
not just most people.
He gave work to thou-
sands of Romans by
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Julius Caesar.
Source:
http://static2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb2013
0606052821/spartacus/images/5/55/Julius
caesar.jpg
Law court at the town of Stellda
starting projects to make new roads and pub-
lic buildings. (Quote from Julius Caesars
Rule as Dictator) Using this, he was able to
expand his civilization and also gave work to
many plebeians. Julius Caesar also limited
slaves from a hundred to three per person.
This pleased the plebeians very much. As for
the patricians, they were not very happy with
what Caesar did. The reason for this is that
with less slaves, less work will be done be-
cause they are working at a much slower
pace. So they have to pay the laborers more
money to get work done faster. Caesar did
many good things so that there will be no re-
bellion. There are many things that you can
take from Julius Caesar, but the most impor-
tant one is that if you want to keep a civili-
zation very successful you need to make eve-
ryone happy.
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Part IV - Political Leadership Lessons from
Augustus Caesar
Augustus Caesar was a good and fair
leader of Rome; he did many things to please
the citizens. Augustus tried to avoid the bad
fate that happened to his grand uncle, Julius
Caesar by not making the same mistakes. Be-
cause Romans feared the power of king, he
never asked for that title. Instead, he re-
ferred to himself as First Citizen. (Political
Leadership of Caesar Augustus) What he did
was he lived a normal life, he ate average
food so the people would feel like Augustus
is just like them and think just like them.
Augustus Caesar prevented assassination by
charming his own military and disarming the sen-
ate. He balanced the rights for both the Pa-
tricians and the Plebeians unlike Julius Cae-
sar who gave the Plebeians so many rights to
do so many things and ignored the needs of
most of the Patricians. Despite his enor-
mous wealth and power, his public image was
that of a hardworking and strict but honest
father figure (Political Leadership of Caesar
Augustus) By showing this, Augustus gained
popularity among the people and also gained
their support and trust. When natural events
came, like floods, the Romans wanted to give
Augustus more power. The reason for this is
because the people thought things like this
16
are happening because Augustus isnt a dicta-
tor; they marched to the senate and wanted
them to make Augustus dictator. Overall,
there are lessons to be taken from the dicta-
torship of Augustus Caesar. He died with the
Romans honoring him as a god.
Part V - Lessons from the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire
The main reasons for the decline of the
Western Roman Empire are unemployment and
political corruption. Rome could have pre-
vented unemployment if the farmers used
slave labor like the wealthy landowners. By do-
ing that, the farmers wouldnt have to lose
or sell their farms because they cant com-
pete with others. These people... contribute
to an ever increasing crime rate. (Decline of
the Western Roman Empire) The crime rates
would go down because the farmers wouldnt
have to steal things if they had their own
farm. Rome had 37 different emperors - 25
17
Augustus Caesar
Gallery 3.2
of whom were removed from office by assassi-
nation. (Decline of the Western Roman Em-
pire) People were unhappy with the emperors
so thats why there were so much assassina-
tion. They couldve prevented political corrup-
tion by creating an effective system to de-
cide the new emperors and keep it like that if
it is working out well.
In our civilization, we will prevent both un-
employment and political corruption. To de-
crease the crime rate, we will make sure that
everyone has a job. We will also make sure
that farmers can be like the wealthy men and
landowners who used slave labor so that they
would not have to lose or sell their farms. We
would prevent political corruption from hap-
pening by coming up with a system to vote
for new emperors that people like and keeping
the system if it is good. We wll not sell the
throne to the highest bidder but we will find a
good emperor that is not selfish but will think
about what is best for the people.
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19
CHAPTER 3
20
Belief Systems
Religion is what keeps the poor from murdering the rich. -Napoleon Bonaparte
Picture Source: http://beliefsystemproject.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/5/3/13537304/287047050.gif
SECTION 1
Part I - Introductory Paragraph
A belief system is the key to a success-
ful civilization like Hinduism, Buddhism, Confu-
cianism and many other religions. A belief sys-
tem makes a peaceful society and keeps a
civilization running out well. It helps create
unity and harmony within a society. They will
have few arguments and rebellion since people
A map of the world. Source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/txu-oclc-264266980-world_pol_2008-2.jpg
Impact of Belief Systems
21
agree on what is right and what is wrong. Hav-
ing a belief system helps give you a goal in
life, it teaches people morals and values, help-
ing them determine what is right and what is
wrong. It guides people whenever they have a
dilemma, making decisions easier.

Part II - Moral Dilemma
In order to further understand the impor-
tance of a belief system on society, and their
influence on their followers, acknowledge the
moral dilemma below:
In Europe, a woman was near death from a
special kind of cancer. There was one drug
that the doctors thought might save her. It
was a form of radium that a druggist in the
same town had recently discovered. The drug
was expensive to make, but the druggist was
charging ten times what the drug originally
cost him to produce. He paid $400 for the ra-
dium and charged $4,000 for a small dose of
the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz,
22
went to everyone he knew to borrow the
money and tried every legal means, but he
could only get together about $2,000, which
is half of what it cost. He told the druggist
that his wife was dying, and asked him to sell
it cheaper or let him pay later. But the drug-
gist said, "No, I discovered the drug and I'm
going to make money from it." So, having tried
every legal means, Heinz gets desperate and
considers breaking into the man's store to
steal the drug for his wife.

Part III - 3 Perspectives
If Heinz was a Hindu facing this dilemma,
he wouldnt steal the drug from the druggist.
He wouldnt because he follows karma and he
doesnt to have a bad after life for stealing.
On Frey 149, it explains to us what karma is,
Karma was made up of all the good and evil
that a person had done in past lives. If you
do something good, you will receive something
good and vise versa if you do something bad.
Heinz will also know that the druggist is going
to have a bad afterlife because he couldve
saved a life but he didnt.
Heinz wouldnt steal the drug even if he
was a Buddhist. According to The Four Noble
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Truths, he cannot have any cravings such as
wanting the drug from the druggist. He
taught, people should travel the Eightfold
Path. This path follows the middle way.
(Frey 159) One of the rules of the Eightfold
Path is the right action meaning not to kill,
steal or lie and you have to be honest. Since
he is a Buddhist, he cannot steal or have any
cravings.
On the other hand, if Heinz follows Confu-
cianism which is based on the teachings of
Kungfuzi. There would be a different solution
to this. According to Confucianism, there
are five basic relationships: ruler and sub-
ject, husband and wife... all people must re-
spect and obey those above them. (Frey
208) Heinz would respect his wife because it
is one of the five basic relationships. So he
would steal the drug from the druggist.

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Hinduism Temple
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Delhi_Temple.jpg
Gallery 4.1 Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism
Conclusion
Belief systems impact those who follow
it. It helps shape and navigate peoples lives.
It gives people a goal in life so they would
try their best to reach it. In the moral di-
lemma above, it is clear that having a religion
helped Heinz through his problem. It helped
him decide between right and wrong.
Part IV - Impact of Belief Systems in Medie-
val Europe
The Roman Catholic Church influenced
most people, if not, almost all peoples beliefs
and lives in Medieval Europe in many ways. The
church provided leadership, stability and ex-
plained events that happened in life. They
kept the people illiterate expect for the cler-
gies because they didnt want the people to
question anything about what they were do-
ing. They encouraged people to reach salva-
tion. They taught them 7 sacraments they
must do (2 are optional) because they wanted
people to do what they wanted them to do
and to believe in god. They did not promote
25
education at first but later on, monks pro-
vided schools for upper class kids that even-
tually grew into universities. There were many
art and architecture but mostly for religious
purposes and telling stories for those who
were illiterate.
Part V - Belief System of Stellda
In an effort to create a successful civili-
zation, the people of Stellda have established
their own belief system. It shares similar relig-
ious beliefs and teachings with other world re-
ligions and helps the people of Stellda live
with strong moral values. Here are some exam-
ples:
Honey in our civilization means honesty
and honesty means being truthful and not to
tell any lies. The people of Stellda believe
that honesty is very important because it
teaches people to build strength of character
and to be sincere. Honey connects to Bud-
dhism because it is like the eight-folded path
26
where you are required to be honest. Do not
kill, steal, or lie. Be honest. (Frey 159) This
will help improve our civilization because peo-
ple will always have to be truthful to others.
Whenever someone does something bad, they
have to confess which promotes people to al-
ways do good things. Every month, there is
one day called Honey Day. its when everyone
has to go to church and tell god all the bad
and good things you did in the previous
month.
Faires in our civilization means to be fair
and show respect to everyone. Fairis is very
important to the people of Stellda because
we believe that everyone should be treated
equally no matter what. Faires relates to
Confucianism because Confucius wanted to
teach men of good character... All people
must respect and obey those above them.
(p.208) He wanted everyone to be fair. It will
help our civilization because no one will feel
left out if they are treated equally. In our
civilization, we will practice this belief by go-
ing to the church once a month. People will
learn to be equal and show respect as a com-
munity.
Dough means charity in our civilization.
We believe that charity is very important be-
cause it will the teach the citizens many good
morals and values through it. We will practice
27
this belief by donating a small percent, 1.5% of
your wealth to the people in need every year.
Dough connects to the third pillar, Zakat of
the Five Pillars in the Islamic religion. The
word zakat means purification. Muslims be-
lieve that wealth becomes pure by giving some
of it away and that sharing wealth helps con-
trol greed. (p.98) This will help our civilization
by teaching us to help others in need and so
that they will not be greedy.
Part VI - Sacred Space of Stellda
In my civilization, citizens are expected
to be respectful to everyone, especially eld-
ers, being non-violent and equality. My sacred
space will help practice and remember these
moral values by giving up seat when you see
someone that is older than you, pregnant or
injured. For non-violent, you have to respect
the plants and glass and also people in the sa-
cred space. For equality, you have to remem-
ber to treat everyone and everything just
the same. These moral values relate to Confu-
cianism because Confucius taught everyone
to be respectful to elders and to be equal to
everyone around you.
28
29
Overview of Stelldas sacred space
Gallery 4.2 Sacred Space of Stellda
Be less curious about people and more curious about ideas. -Marie Curie
Picture Source: http://www.jeffbullas.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/30-Facebook-Timeline-Contest-Ideas-That-Drive-Likes-and-
Comments.jpg
CHAPTER 4
30
Ideas
SECTION 1
Part I - Advancing Ideas Within a Civiliza-
tion
The humanist mindset of the Renaissance
changed European society. For example, eve-
ryone could control their own lives, individu-
als were worthy of respect and architecture
became more advanced. Humanists believed in
the worth and potential of all individuals.

Ideas are powerful
Picture source: http://www.geovation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ideas.jpg
The Power of Ideas
31
(Frey 315) Everyone could achieve what they
wanted and were worth more than their family
or class in the society. Everyone was re-
spected, including peasants and serfs! Human-
ists believed that all individuals were worthy
of respect and everyone should be treated
equally. Humanists studied Greek and Roman
ruins and using that, they designed struc-
tures with parts similar to the past. They
also tried to improve and further advance
their work from the past. To sum it all up,
the humanist mindset promoted individuals to
achieve their own goals, have respect and the
architecture grew and expanded even more.
In Stellda, the humanist mindset would re-
quest our government system to be changed.
They would want us to improve our belief sys-
tem, government and culture. For our belief
system, a humanist would critic our belief
"Faires" which means fairies, they would want
us to release our peasants and serfs be-
cause if things are meant to be fair, then
the peasants and serfs shouldn't work for
Stellda's resources. For our government, they
would want us to change to democracy, so
that everyone could vote. This would make
things more fair. For our culture, they would
question why we don't have an education sys-
tem. Scholars and others also made great ad-
32
vances in science and mathematics. (Frey
329) They would want us to have a building es-
pecially made for education. Humanists be-
lieved greatly in learning to read and write, in
order to pass on the knowledge. Overall, a hu-
manist make a great change to Stelldas way
of belief, culture and government system.
http://designshack.designshack.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/ds.idea_.jpg
Part II - The Danger of New Ideas
By the late middle ages, the Catholic
Churchs power had weakened and had fewer
followers. Church leaders acted immorally as
they lived in palaces and wore jeweled robes.
People started to think that the church was
corrupt due to its many practices and beliefs.
One practice was the selling of indulgences.
(Frey 348) Indulgences allowed people to buy
forgiveness for sins, it was a release from
punishment but people were troubled by this
because the church was becoming more and
more wealthy. The church traded indulgences
for gifts, good works and money. Another
practice is called simony, the church sold of-
33
fices and leadership positions. People getting
these positions were not chosen because of
their achievements or merit. They were greedy
because even though they did not perform
any of their duties, they still had a very high
income. Lastly, people were charged to pay
tithes to the church, Rome as well as their
own governments. Some of the clergy even
charged people to see holy relics. Many Catho-
lics felt that the church had become too cor-
rupt, covetous and powerful.
The ideas and questions of reformers
such as Martin Luther differed from the tradi-
tional teachings of the Catholic Church. He
threatened the churchs power and began the
first Protestant church. Luther believed that
no one could earn salvation. Instead, salva-
tion was a gift from God that people received
in faith. (Frey 352) The church believed that
the pope and church leaders was the ultimate
source of religious authority but Luther ar-
gued that the Bible was. His different view of
indulgences, simony and tithe brought him into
conflict with the Catholic Church.
The church leaders thought that Martin
Luther was attacking fundamental truths of
the Catholic religion. The Catholic Church
first excommunicated Luther so that he was
no longer allowed to be a member of the
church. Luther was brought before the Diet,
34
an assembly of state leaders, in the city of
Worms. At the risk of his life, he refused to
take back his teachings. (Frey 353) He was
declared as a heretic and the Holy Roman em-
peror forbade the printing and selling of his
work and burned them. He was saved by the
German princes and went into hiding. The Ger-
man princes helped him
spread his work rapidly
by the new invention
of the printing press.
He soon opened a new
Christian denomination
known as Lutheranism.
They supported his
new church and helped keep it growing.
In the civilization of Stellda, we came up
with a strategy to deal with individuals whose
ideas may threaten Stelldas political or relig-
ious belief systems. The government leaders
will discuss the details and issue first and
then talk about it with the people in our civili-
zation. We will accept ideas that the majority
agree on and if the idea is beneficial and
makes a positive change, then we will cooper-
ate it into our civilization. We will immediately
reject any ideas that are harmful and violent
and dont do any good at all. We will also re-
ject ideas that the majority do not agree
upon on. We will know to compromise ideas
35
Martin Luther
when people start to rebel and go against
Stelldas own belief systems.
This strategy will help shape Stellda into a
more successful and well organized civiliza-
tion. It will give us a chance to see what the
citizens want and what they think of the
situation. It will ensure that Stellda stays
safe because we want as little rebellion as
possible, so that if the majority agree then
people wont rebel against us. The strategy
of majority over minority will keep Stellda a
peaceful civilization and we want as much peo-
ple as we can to agree on one thing. If the
minority strongly disagree, then we will take it
into consideration and listen to what they
have to say about the situation.
36
Part III - The Power of Individual Ideas

Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor,
architect, engineer and inventor during the
Renaissance. He also studied art, music, math,
anatomy, botany, architecture and engineer-
ing. Leonardo spent much of his life in Flor-
ence and Milan. (Frey 344) He worked for the
kings, popes and wealthy patrons as an archi-
tect. His most important masterpieces were
his Last Supper and the Mona Lisa. They were
extremely influential and popular paintings of
the Renaissance period. Leonardo sketched
and designed many weapons, buildings and ma-
chines that were centuries ahead of their
time.
If Leonardo da Vinci came to Stellda, his
ideas and achievements would greatly benefit
our civilization. We are in need of more art
and eduction, new ideas and designs. He could
teach us his ideas and contribute to our lack
of weapons and art, such as paintings and
Leonardo Da Vinci was an Italian Renais-
sance Person
Gallery 5.1 Leonardo da Vinci
37
sculptures. Since he was accomplished in many
fields, we would like to ask him to invent and
design for Stellda to make it a more pleasant
and beautiful place for the citizens.
38
xxxix
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Frey, Wendy. History Alive!: The Ancient World. Palo Alto, CA: Teachers Curriculum Institute,
2011. Print.
Frey, Wendy. History Alive!: The Medieval World and Beyond. Palo Alto, CA: Teachers Cur-
riculum Institute, 2011. Print.

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