TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

BO CO THC TP



Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Hi ng 20090713









H Ni 24/11/2013


2


Mc lc
Li ni u
I . Bo co cng tc d gi
1 . Phiu nh gi bi ging thc hnh..
Phiu nh gi..........
Theo di thc hin bi ging.
Nhn xt chung.
2 . Phiu nh gi bi ging l thuyt..
Phiu nh gi..........
Theo di thc hin bi ging.
Nhn xt chung.
II . H s bi ging...
H s bi ging l thuyt.
1 . Gio n l thuyt.
2 . Bi ging l thuyt......
H s bi ging thc hnh
1 . Gio n thc hnh
2 . Mu thc hnh..............
3 . Bn quy trnh hng dn thc hnh.



2
3
3
3
6
7
8
8
13
13
14
14
15
23
39
39
51
56


3

Li ni u
Thc tp s phm l bc tri nghim u tin trong s nghip lm gio vin, nhng b
ng u tin khi ng trn bc ging, nhng vng v khi cm phn vit nhng ch u tin
trong khi tri thc m mnh tip thu c trong nh trng truyn li cho nhng hc sinh
thn yu.
Mt thng tri qua trong nhy mt vi s say m ho hng ca mt ngi mi i thc
tp, cng vi tinh thn ham hc hi ca ngi i hc ngh, em c gng khng ngng t
c nhng thnh qu tt nht.
Ngay t ngy u tin v thc tp ti cng ty c phn o to trng kinh t k thut
bch khoa, chng em n nhn c nhng tnh cm nng nn, s ch bo tn tnh ca tp
th lnh o, cn b cng nhn vin y. Cc thy c khng qun mt nhc un nn tng
c ch hnh ng dy bo cho chng em bc u c nhng chun mc c bn ca 1 ngi
thy. Trong chuyn mn em nhn c s gip nhit tnh ca cc thy c khoa cng
ngh thng tin ca trng. Kt thc mt thng thc tp, chng em tr v trng trong s lu
luyn bi hi. Bn thn em hon thnh t thc tp tt p. Tuy nhin trong thi gian thc
tp ti cng ty c phn o to trng kinh t k thut bch khoa d rt c gng hc hi ht
mnh nhng vi s non tr ca ngi ang hc ngh, em tin chc rng bn thn mnh khng th
trnh khi s thiu st. Vy em knh mong cc thy c vi vai tr l nhng ngi dn ng i
trc trong ngh hiu, thng cm v b qua cho em nhng thiu st m em mc phi.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n ban gim hiu nh trng, cc thy c hng
dn cng ton th cc thy c trong trng gip em hon thnh tt t thc tp ca mnh.
Em xin chn thnh cm n ng thi knh chc cc thy c mnh khe, hnh phc v thnh
cng trong cng vic.
Ni dung bo co:
Bo co cng tc d gi:
Phiu nh gi 1 bi ging thc hnh
Phiu nh gi 1 bi ging l thuyt
Gio n bi dy th:
Gio n bi thc hnh
Gio n bi l thuyt



4

I. Phiu nh gi bi ging thc hnh:

HI GING GIO VIN DY NGH
TON QUC NM 2012
CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT
NAM
c lp - T do - Hnh phc



PHIU NH GI BI GING
H v tn gio vin: L Hong Long ........................... Tnh (thnh ph): H Ni ...................
Tn bi ging: Cu hnh VLAN cho h thng my tnh vi Router v Switch ....................
........................................................................................................................
Thi gian: Bt utit 1:13h00Kt thcht tit 2: 14h45
H v tn gim kho: Nguyn Hi ng .................. Tiu ban: Sinh vin d ging ............

TT Ni dung nh gi
im
chun
im
nh gi
I Chun b bi ging 3.0 3,0
1 H s bi ging ng v theo quy nh. 0.5 0.5
2
Xc nh ng mc tiu ca bi ging; c tiu ch nh gi kt
qu t c ca ngi hc r rng.
1.0 1.0
3
Gio n th hin cc bc ln lp, c d kin cc hot ng
ca ngi dy, ngi hc v phn b thi gian cho tng ni
dung hp l.
0.5 0.5
4
Chun b thit b, dng c; vt t, nguyn, nhin, vt liu tiu
1.0 0.5
D tho


5

hao, dng dy hc cho bi ging. C dng, phng tin
dy hc t lm sng to phc v hiu qu cho bi hc.
II Nng lc s phm 8.0 6.75
1 Phong thi t tin; din t r rng, d hiu. 1.0 1.0
2 Bao qut c lp hc. 0.5 0.5
3
t vn , chuyn tip vn hp l, sinh ng, nu bt c
trng tm ca bi ging.
0.5 0.5
4
Kt hp hp l cc phng php dy hc v phng tin dy
hc gip ngi hc tip thu c bi.
1.0 1.0
5
Kt hp nhun nhuyn gia dy kin thc v k nng thc
hin c mc tiu ca bi ging.
2.0 1.5
6 X l tt cc tnh hung s phm. 0.5 0.25
7 Pht huy c tnh tch cc, ch ng ca ngi hc. 0.5 0.5
8 Thc hin ng, cc bc ln lp. 0.5 0.5
9
T chc luyn tp hp l, m bo hnh thnh k nng cho
ngi hc.
1.5 1.0
III Nng lc chuyn mn 6.0 5.5
1
La chn c khi lng kin thc, k nng ph hp vi mc
tiu ca bi ging v i tng ngi hc.
1.0 1.0
2
Ni dung kin thc chuyn mn chnh xc, c cp nht, b sung
kin thc mi.
0.5 0.5
3 Thao tc mu thun thc, chun xc. 2.0 1.5


6

4
Trnh t cc bc thc hnh m bo tnh lgic, khoa hc, st vi
thc t.
1.0 1.0
5
Phn tch c cc sai hng thng gp, bin php x l v
phng trnh.
0.5 0.5
6 m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. 0.5 0.5
Nu xy ra mt an ton, tai nn cho ngi v lm h hng thit b:
Khng nh gi xp loi bi ging.

7 Thc hin tt v sinh lao ng cho ngi v thit b. 0.5 0.5
IV
nh gi kt qu ca ngi hc theo tiu ch nh gi ca
bi ging
2.0 2.0
1
T 2/3 s ngi hc tr ln t kt qu hoc to c sn phm
theo tiu ch nh gi.
2.0 2.0
2
T 1/2 n 2/3 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc to c sn
phm theo tiu ch nh gi.
1.0
3
Di 1/2 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc to c sn phm theo
tiu ch nh gi.
0.0
V Thi gian thc hin bi ging 1.0 0.5
1 ng gi hoc sm, mun khng qu 1 pht. 1.0
2 Sm, mun > 1 pht n 3 pht. 0.5 0.5
3 Sm, mun > 3 pht n 5 pht. 0.0
4 Sm, mun > 5 pht: Khng nh gi bi ging.
Tng s im: 20.0 17.75


7


Ngy 29 thng 9 nm 2012
Gim kho
(K v ghi r h tn)

THEO DI THC HIN BI GING

NI DUNG NHN XT
+ Thy im danh
+ Kim tra bi c Sinh vin tr li c
+ Kim tra dng c
Dng c c kim tra k cng, u sch s n nh khng
c hng hc
Thy pht ti liu hng dn cho
sinh vin

+ Chia nhm: mi nhm 4 sinh
vin s dng 1 b dng c
Di chuyn nhanh chng, hi n
+ Thc hnh
1. Cu hnh trn router

Thy hng dn, lm mu cch to
hostname, chia a ch IP, cu hnh
a ch IP cho cng fast ethernet
Hng dn chi tit, c th, c lu cho hc sinh, tc lm
mu va phi
Sinh vin lm li bi thc hnh trn
a phn sinh vin lm tt
Tng s im nh gi (Bng ch):mi by phy by nm


8

my
2. Cu hnh trn switch

Thy hng dn, lm mu cc ni
dung:
- Chia cc VLAN
- Gn cc cng ca Switch
cho cc VLAN
- Cu hnh VLAN
- Gn cc a ch IP
- Ping th n PC v router
Hng dn chi tit, tc lm mu va phi, c lu , i
khi c s vp trong qu trnh (sa ngay c)

Hc sinh cu hnh li trn my
a phn cc nhm u hiu v lm li c bi thc hnh,
tr nhm 1 c xut hin li do g sai lnh: Translating
"it"...domain server , thy nhanh chng gip nhm khc
phc
3. Cu hnh trn PC

Thy yu cu cc nhm gn cc a
ch IP vo my cho ph hp v
ping th h thng
Kt qu cho thy h thng hon thin, cc my ping c
n nhau
+ Thy kim tra sn phm, cho
nhn xt, a ra lu v dn d
cng vic cho ln sau
Lp trt t ghi chp lng nghe

NHN XT CHUNG:
sinh vin nhn chung hiu v lm li c bi thc hnh, gio vin hng dn chi tit c th, c
k nng lm mu (tr vi trng hp b vp li nh) ,phn chia nhm hi n cn nhn chung
tit hc nghim tc ..................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................


9




HI GING GIO VIN DY NGH
TON QUC NM 2012
CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT
NAM
c lp - T do - Hnh phc


PHIU NH GI BI GING

H v tn gio vin: Nguyn Thnh t ............... Tnh (thnh ph): H Ni ...................
Tn bi ging: Tng quan v c s d liu .........................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Thi gian: Bt utit 1: 13h00.Kt thc ht tit 1: 13h45 .
H v tn gim kho:Nguyn Hi ng Tiu ban:Sinh vin d ging ...............

TT Ni dung nh gi
im
chun
im
nh gi
I Chun b bi ging 3.0 3.0
1 H s bi ging ng v theo quy nh. 0.5 0.5
2
Xc nh ng mc tiu ca bi ging; c tiu ch nh gi kt
qu t c ca ngi hc r rng.
1.0 1.0
3
Gio n th hin cc bc ln lp, c d kin cc hot ng
ca ngi dy, ngi hc v phn b thi gian cho tng ni
dung hp l.
0.5 0.5
D tho


10

4
Chun b thit b, dng c; vt t, nguyn, nhin, vt liu tiu
hao, dng dy hc cho bi ging. C dng, phng tin
dy hc t lm sng to phc v hiu qu cho bi hc.
1.0 1.0
II Nng lc s phm 8.0 6.5
1 Phong thi t tin; din t r rng, d hiu. 1.0 1.0
2 Bao qut c lp hc. 0.5 0.5
3
t vn , chuyn tip vn hp l, sinh ng, nu bt c
trng tm ca bi ging.
0.5 0.5
4
Kt hp hp l cc phng php dy hc v phng tin dy
hc gip ngi hc tip thu c bi.
1.0 0.5
5
Kt hp nhun nhuyn gia dy kin thc v k nng thc
hin c mc tiu ca bi ging.
2.0 1.5
6 X l tt cc tnh hung s phm. 0.5 0.5
7 Pht huy c tnh tch cc, ch ng ca ngi hc. 0.5 0.25
8 Thc hin ng, cc bc ln lp. 0.5 0.5
9
T chc luyn tp hp l, m bo hnh thnh k nng cho
ngi hc.
1.5 1.25
III Nng lc chuyn mn 6.0 6.0
1
La chn c khi lng kin thc, k nng ph hp vi mc
tiu ca bi ging v i tng ngi hc.
1.0 1.0
2
Ni dung kin thc chuyn mn chnh xc, c cp nht, b sung
kin thc mi.
0.5 0.5


11

3 Thao tc mu thun thc, chun xc. 2.0 2.0
4
Trnh t cc bc thc hnh m bo tnh lgic, khoa hc, st vi
thc t.
1.0 1.0
5
Phn tch c cc sai hng thng gp, bin php x l v
phng trnh.
0.5 0.5
6 m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. 0.5 0.5
Nu xy ra mt an ton, tai nn cho ngi v lm h hng thit b:
Khng nh gi xp loi bi ging.

7 Thc hin tt v sinh lao ng cho ngi v thit b. 0.5 0.5
IV
nh gi kt qu ca ngi hc theo tiu ch nh gi ca
bi ging
2.0 2.0
1
T 2/3 s ngi hc tr ln t kt qu hoc tip thu c tri
thc m bi ging mun truyn t theo tiu ch nh gi.
2.0 2.0
2
T 1/2 n 2/3 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc tip thu c tri
thc m bi ging mun truyn t theo tiu ch nh gi.
1.0
3
Di 1/2 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc tip thu c tri thc
m bi ging mun truyn t theo tiu ch nh gi.
0.0
V Thi gian thc hin bi ging 1.0 0.5
1 ng gi hoc sm, mun khng qu 1 pht. 1.0
2 Sm, mun > 1 pht n 3 pht. 0.5 0.5
3 Sm, mun > 3 pht n 5 pht. 0.0
4 Sm, mun > 5 pht: Khng nh gi bi ging.


12


Ngy 26 thng 9 nm 2012
Gim kho
(K v ghi r h tn)

Tng s im: 20.0 18.0
Tng s im nh gi (Bng ch): mi tm im


13

THEO DI THC HIN BI GING

NI DUNG NHN XT
Thy im danh
Kim tra bi c:
Gio vin t cu hi, sinh vin tr
li c
Cu hi bao qut c kin thc chng trc
Gii thiu bi hc:
Trnh chiu slide gii thiu ni
dung chi tit bi dy
i t v d thc t a ra khi nim
d liu, c s d liu, h qun tr
CSDL
Slide chi tit, minh ha hp dn, d hiu
Cch trnh by thu ht
Qu trnh pht trin:
Chiu slide cc s h thng tp
tin, c s d liu
Minh ha r rng, ch ra c hn ch, ging d hiu nhng
thiu tng tc vi sinh vin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL:
Trnh by khi nim tnh t m t,
tnh c lp gia chng trnh v
d liu, tnh tru tng d liu,
tnh nht qun v nu cc cch nhn
d liu
Ch yu thuyt trnh slide
Ngi s dng CSDL:
Trnh by khi nim qun tr vin,
thit k vin, ngi dng cui
Gio vin c v d sinh ng thc t, d hiu, trnh by thu
ht sinh vin, tng tc tt vi sinh vin
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
Trnh by slide chi tit y , trnh by hay nhng khng c
tng tc


14

Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Gio vin a ra hnh minh ha
kin trc 3 lc , thuyt trnh,
t cu hi v tr li thc mc
Trnh by c lp d liu
Phn ging tt nht

NHN XT CHUNG:
Bi ging hay hp dn , sinh vin nghim tc trong gi hc, tuy nhin gio vin vn cn hi
lm dng slide thuyt trnh, cn t tng tc vi sinh vin ....................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................














15


S LAO NG - THNG BINH & X HI H NI
TRUNG TM DY NGH BCH KHOA













GIO N L THUYT














Tn bi: Tng quan v my tnh
M un: Phn cng my tnh
Ngh: Tin hc
H v tn ging vin: Nguyn Hi ng








Bch Khoa, thng 4 nm 2013




16


GIO N L THUYT

Gio n S: 2 Thi gian thc hin: 02 tit
Lp : CNTT
Tn chng: Chng I:Tng quan v my tnh
Thc hin : 14/10/ 2013

Tn Bi: Gii thiu v my tnh
I. MC TIU CA BI:
Sau khi hc xong bi hc ny, ngi hc t c:
1. V kin thc :
- Nu c cc thnh phn ca h thng tin hc ,cu trc ca mt my tnh , cc
thnh phn ca b x l trung tm.
- Trnh by c b nh trong gm RAM v ROM,
- Nu c thnh phn ca b nh ngoi.
- Pht biu c ni dung, ngha nguyn l Von Neumann.
2. V k nng :
- Phn bit RAM, ROM. B nh trong v b nh ngoi.
- Phn bit c cc thit b vo ra.
3. V thi :
- Rn luyn thc hc tp hng th trong gi hc.
II. DNG V TRANG THIT B DY HC:
Chun b ca gio vin :
- My tnh: 01.
- My chiu: 01.
- Bng en.


17

- Gio trnh
Chun b ca sinh vin :
- Gio trnh
- V ghi
III. HNH THC T CHC DY HC:
Hc l thuyt: Theo nhm ti lp
IV. N NH LP HC:
- n nh lp (1pht).
-
Kim tra s s (1pht).

TT Ni dung Hoat ng dy hc Thi
gian Gio vin Ngi hc
1 Dn nhp:
Nh chng ta bit, tin hc l
mt ngnh khoa hc c i
tng nghin cu l thng tin v
cng c l my tnh. Vy my
tnh c cu to nh th no?
C nguyn l hot ng nh th
no? Chng ta s i tm hiu
chng
1
pht
2





Ni dung bi giang:
1. 1. Khi nim h thng tin hc ?
H thng my tnh gm ba
thnh phn:
Phn cng: My tnh v
cc thit b lin quan.
Phn mm:Gm cc
chng trnh.
Vd: phn mm
dit virus, phn
mm qun l
bn hng,
website,...
Trong s
qun l v iu
khin ca con
ngi l quan
trng nht trong
mt h thng tin
Tr li cu
hi,ng gp
kin,quan im

Nghe ging v ghi
bi
5
pht


18
























S qun l v iu
khin ca con ngi.




hc.
Ta s i tm hiu
cu trc ca mt
my tnh

2. 2. S cu trc ca mt my
tnh?


Cc mi tn ch
vic trao i
thng tin gia
cc b phn.

Tip theo
chng ta s i
tm hiu c th
tng thnh
phn trong cu
trc ca my
tnh.
Nghe ging v
ghi bi


SV v cu trc
ca mt my
tnh

10
pht
2. 3. B x l trung tm
(CPU -Central
Processing Unit)

- Khi nim: l thnh phn
quan trng nht ca my
tnh, l thit b chnh
thc hin v iu khin
vic thc hin chng
trnh.

CPU gm 2 thnh phn
chnh: B iu khin CU
(Control Unit) v B s
hc/lgic ALU
(Arithmetic/Logic
Unit).


+ CU: quyt nh cc thao
Cc php ton
s hc v
lgic?

Ngoi hai b
phn ni trn,
bn trong
CPU cn c
mt s thanh
ghi (register)
v b nh
m (cache)
SV nghe
v ghi bi


SV tr li:
Php tnh s
hc: + ;
- ; x ; :
Lgic: OR
(hoc);
AND (v);
NOT (ph
nh).
Quan h: =
; > ; <
10
pht


19







tc phi lm bng cch
to ra cc tn hiu iu
khin.


+ ALU: thc hin hu ht
cc php tnh quan trng
trong my tnh

4. B nh:
L thit b c chc nng lu
tr d liu v chng trnh
a) B nh trong
B nh trong l b nh c
dng
ghi d liu v chng trnh
trong thi gian x l.B nh
trong c chia lm hai loi l
RAM v ROM.
ROM RAM
- L b nh
trong

- B nh ch
c th c
c d liu.

- Cha cc
chng trnh
h thng


- Khng th
xa, khng
mt i k
c tt my
hoc mt
in
- L b nh
trong

- B nh c
th c ghi
c d liu.

- Cha cc
chng trnh
c a vo
thc hin
v d liu
ang c x
l.
- Thng tin,
d liu s mt
i nu mt
in hoc tt
my.

Khi ang lm
vic trn my
tnh gi li
nhng kt qu
lm c
th ta lm g?
Lu u?









































SV tr li:
lu li (ghi
li). B nh
ca MT.













































10
pht



















20





b) B nh ngoi
- B nh ngoi dng lu tr
d
liu lu di v h tr cho b nh
trong


Phn bit b nh trong, b
nh ngoi?

B nh trong B nh ngoi
- L thit b
lu tr d
liu v
chng
trnh.
- C tc
truy xut
nhanh.
- L ni d
liu c x
l.
- C dung
lng nh.
- L thit b
lu
tr d liu v
chng trnh.
- C tc
truy xut
chm.
- Lu tr d
liu
lu di.
- C dung
lng ln.

Hy k tn
nhng b
nh ngoi
m cc em
bit?



B nh
ngoi dng
lm g?
SV tr li:
a mm,
a CD, USB






lu tr
thng tin
lu di


















SV tr li





10
pht


5. Thit b vo, ra
a. Thit b vo
L thit b dng a thng
tin vo
my tnh.
Thit b vo: Bn phm,
chut, my qut, webcam.


b. Thit b ra
L thit b dng a d liu
- K tn thit b
vo ra m em
bit ?
- Thit b ra:
Mn hnh, my
in, loa,my
chiu, ....


10
pht


21

t my
tnh ra.


6. Hot ng ca my tnh
a) Nguyn l iu
khin bng
chng trnh:
My tnh hot ng theo
chng
trnh.
Mi mt chng trnh l mt
dy cc lnh. Thng tin v
mt lnh bao gm:
- a ch ca lnh trong b nh
- M ca thao tc
- a ch cc nh lin quan.
b) Nguyn l lu tr
chng trnh Lnh c
a vo my tnh di dng
m nh phn lu tr, x
l nh nhng d liu khc.


c) Nguyn l truy cp theo
a ch Vic truy cp d liu
trong my tnh c thc
hin thng qua a ch ni
lu tr

Nguyn l Von Neumann:
C 4 kiu lnh:
- X l d
liu: s hc
v lgic
- Lu tr d
liu: b nh
- Di chuyn
d liu:
vo, ra
- iu khin:
phn nhnh
v kim tra

Vd: Tnh gi tr
ca biu thc: a
+ b

a
26
A

b
4
c



Qu trnh tnh
ton s c thc
hin nh sau:
1. c a vo A
2. Cng A vi b
Ghi A vo c

- Nghe v ghi
bi
20
pht
3 Kt thc vn :

Cng c kin thc:
- Kin thc trng tm: S
- Nhc li cc
thit b vo,
ra.

- Lng nghe 5
pht


22

cu
trc ca my tnh, B x
l trung tm.
- Phn bit RAM v ROM.
- Nguyn l hot ng ca
my tnh
- Nguyn l
Phn ni
man

- Cc c im
RAM, ROM,
b nh ngoi


4


Huong dn t hc

Sinh vin chun
b trc bi
Bi ton v
thut ton


5 Ti liu tham kho - Gio trnh Tin
hc cn bn
ca B Gio
dc v
o to.

- Gio trnh
tin hc i
cng ca
trng i
hc BKHN.

- Internet.


Ngy 14 thng 12 nm 2012

TRNG T MN

GING VIN

Nguyn Hi ng

















23


S LAO NG - THNG BINH & X HI H NI
TRUNG TM DY NGH BCH KHOA













BI GING L THUYT














Tn bi: Tng quan v my tnh
M un: Phn cng my tnh
Ngh: Tin hc
H v tn ging vin: Nguyn Hi ng








Bch Khoa, thng 4 nm 2013




24


1. Gii thiu tng qut v my tnh :
a) Phn cng :

Phn cng ni n cu to ca my tnh v mt vt l. Bao gm ton b cc thit b, linh kin
in t my tnh.

b) Phn mm :

L cc chng trnh c thit k cha cc m lnh gip phn cng lm vic
phc v nhu cu ngi s dng. Phn mm c lu tr trong cc thit b lu tr.

Phn mm chia lm 2 loi:
Phn mm h thng (System Softwares): bao gm cc h iu hnh iu khin,
qun l phn cng v phn mm ng dng; cc trnh iu khin trnh thit b
(driver).
Phn mm ng dng (Application Softwares): l cc phn mm chy trn
nn cc h iu hnh gip ngi s dng thao tc vi my tnh.

Ngoi ra, cn phi k n mt loi phn mm rt c bit trong my tnh. l cc ngn ng
lp trnh. y l phn mm dng vit ra phn mm.

Sau y l danh sch mt s phn mm in hnh c dng cho my c nhn
PC:
o H iu hnh: Win9x, 2000, XP
o Phn mm dng bo tr a: ScanDisk (kim tra a lu tr), Disk
o Cleanup (dn dp cng), Disk Defracmenter (chng phn mnh a cng)
o Phn mm bo tr my v ngn nga virut: Norton AntiVirus, BKAVxxxx
o Phn mm ch bn vn bn: b Office ca Microsoft, NotePad
o Phn mm hc ting anh: MTD ca Lc Vit, Just ClickSee, English Study,
EvaTran
o Phn mm nn tp tin: WinZip, WinRad
o Phn mm multimedia (xem phim, nghe nhc): Winnap, Herosoft,
o WindowsMedia Player, JetAudio
o Phn mm to v lm vic vi c s d liu: Access, Oracle
o Phn mm duyt web: Internet Explore
o Phn mm to CD o: Virtual Driver Manager.







25

2. S cu trc my tnh :
















Hnh 3-1: Gii thiu s khi tng qut ca my tnh s

Trong s ny, cc khi chc nng chnh ca my tnh s gm:

Khi x l trung tm (central processing unit, CPU),
B nh trong (memory), nh RAM, ROM
B nh ngoi, nh cc loi a, bng t
Khi phi ghp vi cc thit b ngoi vi (vo/ra)
Cc b phn u vo, nh bn phm, chut, my qut ... .
Cc b phn u ra, nh mn hnh, my in ... .

Bn khi chc nng u lin h vi nhau thng qua tp cc ng dy truyn tn hiu, gi
chung l bus h thng. Bus h thng bao gm 3 bus thnh phn; ng vi cc tn hiu xc lp a
ch t CPU n cc n v thnh phn ta c bus a ch; vi cc d liu c lin h gia cc
khi qua bus d liu (data bus); cc tn hiu iu khin bao gm cc lnh, cc p ng, cc
trng thi ca cc khi c xc lp qua bus iu khin.

S khc bit quan trng nht ca cc h my tnh l kch thc v tc , cc my tnh nh hn
v nhanh, mnh hn theo tng nm. S pht trin khng ngng ca cc th h my tnh nh
vo hai yu t quan trng, l s pht trin ca cng ngh ch to IC v cng ngh ch to b
nh.

3. B x l trung tm (CPU - Central Processing Unit):

B x l
trung
tm
B nh
trong
(Memory)
B nh
ngoi
(Mass store
Phi ghp
vo/ra
(I/O)
Thit b vo
(Input Unit)
Thit b ra
(Output Unit)
Data Bus
Control Bus
Adrress
Bus


26



Hnh nh CPU Intel Core i7 - Mt sn phm mi ca Intel

Khi nim :

- CPU l t vit tt ca ch Central Processing Unit (n v x l trung tm).
- CPU c th c xem nh no b ca my tnh. CPU m nhn thc hin chc
nng c bn ca my tnh l thc thi chng trnh.
- Chng trnh c thc thi gm mt dy cc ch th c lu tr trong b nh.
Qu trnh thc thi chng trnh gm hai bc: CPU c ch th t b nh v thc
thi ch th . Vic thc thi chng trnh l s lp i lp li qu trnh ly ch th v
thc thi ch th.

CPU l mt mch tch hp phc tp gm hng triu transitor trn mt bng mch nh. CPU c
nhiu kiu dng khc nhau. hnh thc n gin nht, CPU l mt con chip vi vi chc chn.
Phc tp hn, CPU c rp sn trong cc b mch vi hng trm con chip khc. Tc x l
ca my tnh ph thuc vo tn s ng h lm vic ca CPU (tnh bng MHz, GHz, ) nhng
n cng ph thuc vo cc phn khc nh b nh m, RAM hay bo mch ha.
Hai nh sn xut CPU ln v ni ting nht hin nay l Intel v AMD. CPU ca AMD thng
c gi r hn Intel thu ht khch hng nhng th phn ca AMD vn thp hn nhiu so vi
Intel.
Cc thng s ca CPU:
Kiu CPU: CPU i sau lun c cng ngh v hiu nng cao hn CPU i trc.
Tn s ng h lm vic (tc ): i vi cc CPU cng loi, tn s ny cng
cao th tc x l cng tng. i vi CPU khc loi, th iu ny cha chc
ng, v d CPU 486 tn s 20MHz c th x l d liu nhanh hn CPU 386
33MHz. Bn cng nh khng th so snh tn s ca CPU mt nhn vi CPU hai
nhn.
B nh m (cache): B nh m dng lu cc lnh hay dng, gip cho vic
nhp d liu x l nhanh hn. Dung lng b nh m cng nhiu cng gip
CPU lm vic nhanh hn. B nh m tch hp vo CPU c hiu qu cao hn b


27

nh m nm ri bn ngoi.
Socket: Ch loi khe cm ca CPU. y l c im xt s tng thch gia
CPU v bo mch ch.
Tc FSB (Front Side Bus): L knh truyn d liu gia CPU v b nh trn
Mainboard. N cn c gi l System Bus (knh truyn h thng). Tc ny
cng cao h thng chy cng nhanh.

CPU gm 2 thnh phn chnh: B iu khin CU (Control Unit) v B s hc/lgic ALU
(Arithmetic/Logic Unit).
a) B iu khin CU (Control Unit):

iu khin hot ng ca CPU v cc thnh phn khc:
- c lnh t chng trnh trong b nh chnh (instruction fetch).
- Gii m lnh (instruction decode).
- Thc thi lnh gii m mt cch tun t (instruction excution).

b) B s hc/lgic ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit) :

- Thc hin cc php ton s hc v logic
o Cc php ton s hc: +,-,*,/.
o Cc php ton logic: NOT, AND, OR,
o Cc php so snh.
o
- D liu
o S nguyn (integer).
o S du phy tnh (fixed point number).
o S du phy ng (floating point number).

c) Tp cc thanh ghi (Registry):

- Dng cha thng tin tm thi phc v cho cc hot ng hin ti ca CPU.
- Gm c :
cc thanh ghi a ch
thanh ghi d liu
thanh ghi lnh v cc thanh ghi c trng thi.
- n v s hc v lgic ch thc hin cc php ton s hc n gin nh php
cng, tr, nhn,chia.
- CPU c th x l d liu vi cc s thc vi chnh xc cao v cc php
ton phc tp nh sin, cos, tnh tch phn, cc CPU thng c trang b thm
b ng x l ton hc (FPU: Floatting Point Unit ) cn c gi l b x l du
chm ng.




28

4. B nh :

- B nh my tnh bao gm cc hnh thc, phng thc lu tr c d liu
ca my tnh mt cch lu di (khi kt thc mt phin lm vic ca my tnh th
d liu khng b mt i), hoc lu d liu tm thi trong qu trnh lm vic ca
my tnh (khi kt thc mt phin lm vic ca my tnh th b nh ny b mt ht
d liu).

- Cc thit b lu tr d liu cho b nh lu di bao gm: a cng, a mm, a
quang, Bng t, ROM, cc loi bt nh...


- Cc thit b lu tr d liu tm thi trong qu trnh lm vic: RAM my tnh,
Cache ...

- Hu ht cc b nh nu trn thuc loi b nh c th truy cp d liu ngu nhin,
ring bng t l loi b nh truy cp tun t.

- D l loi memory no bn cng nn n cc tnh cht sau y:
Sc cha: thit b c th cha c bao nhiu? V d: CD cha c
650MB-700MB, Floppy disk cha c 1.4MB, Cache cha c
256KB...
tc truy nhp: bn nn lu n tc vn truyn thng tin ca thit
b. y l phn quan trng quyt nh tc truy cp ca thit b.
Tnh v tc th CPU bao gi cng nhanh nht, sau l Cache, sau na
l cc loi RAM.
Interface: bn nn xem cu trc bn ngoi ca b nh c tng thch cc
thit b khc ca bn khng. V d, nhiu loi RAM tren th trng c s
chn cm v c tnh khc nhau. ph hp cho motherboard ca bn,
bn nn xem xt motherboard trc khi mua memory.
- B nh my tnh c th chia thnh hai dng: B nh trong v b nh ngoi.

a) B nh trong :

- B nh trong l b nh c dng ghi d liu v chng trnh trong thi
gian x l.
- B nh trong c chia lm hai loi: l ROM v RAM

1. RAM:
- RAM l ch vit tt ca Random Access Memory, b nh c th c/ghi. RAM


29

c chia lm 2 phn l Storage v Program:

Storage: L phn lu tr tt c cc chng trnh phn mm c ci vo
my. Bn c th hnh dung Storage nh l cng ca my tnh vi cc
chc nng gn nh tng t.
Program: L mt phn b nh dnh ti v lu tm cc chng trnh.
Cc chng trnh ny s b xo nu bn soft reset v khi Windows khi
ng, program s li tip tc m nhn chc nng ca mnh.

- B nh RAM l cc thnh phn ca b nh chnh ca my tnh, l thnh phn
nh m CPU c kh nng trao i thng tin trc tip.
c im:
Tc nhanh
Dung lng nh
S dng b nh bn dn.
Tn ti trn mi h thng my tnh
Cha cc chng trnh hay cc on chng trnh (cache) m
CPU ang thc hin.
T chc thnh cc ngn nh c nh a ch theo Byte.
B nh RAM ch lu tr d liu tm thi v d liu s b xo khi mt in.





ngha ca b nh RAM trong my tnh:

B nh RAM l b nh khng th thiu trong bt k h thng my tnh no,
CPU ch c th lm vic c vi d liu trn RAM v chng c tc truy
cp nhanh, ton b d liu hin th trn mn hnh cng c truy xut t
RAM
Khi ta khi ng my tnh bt u mt phin lm vic mi, h iu hnh
cng vi cc trnh iu khin phn cng c np ln b nh RAM . Khi ta
chy mt chng trnh ng dng : Th d Photo Shop th cng c ca chng
trnh ny cng c np ln b nh RAM => Tm li khi ta chy bt k mt
chng trnh no, th cng c ca chng trnh u c np ln RAM
trc khi c th s dng c chng.
Vi mt h thng chy ng tc th khong chng ca RAM phi cn
khong 30% tr ln, nu ta s dng ht khong trng ca Ram th my s


30

chy chm hoc b treo .


Ty theo cng ngh ch to, ngi ta phn bit thnh 2 loi:
SRAM (Static RAM): RAM tnh
DRAM (Dynamic RAM): RAM ng
Ram tnh(SRAM):
B nh truy cp ngu nhin tnh (SRAM hay RAM tnh) l mt loi b nh s dng cng ngh
bn dn. T "tnh" ngha l b nh vn lu d liu nu c in, khng nh RAM ng cn
c np li thng xuyn. Khng nn nhm RAM tnh vi b nh ch c v b nh flash v
RAM tnh ch lu c d liu khi c in.

Ram ng (DRAM):
RAM ng dng k thut MOS. Mi bit nh gm mt transistor v mt t in.
Vic ghi nh d liu da vo vic duy tr in tch np vo t in v nh vy
vic c mt bit nh lm ni dung bit ny b hy. Do vy sau mi ln c mt
nh, b phn iu khin b nh phi vit li ni dung nh . Chu k b nh
cng theo m t nht l gp i thi gian thm nhp nh.
Vic lu gi thng tin trong bit nh ch l tm thi v t in s phng ht in
tch np v nh vy phi lm ti b nh sau khong thi gian 2s. Vic lm
ti c thc hin vi tt c cc nh trong b nh. Cng vic ny c thc
hin t ng bi mt vi mch b nh.
B nh DRAM chm nhng r tin hn SRAM.
Cc loi DRAM :

SDRam ( Synchonous Dynamic Ram - Ram ng theo kp tc ca h thng ) C 168 chn.
SDRam c s dng trong cc h thng my Pentium 2 v Pentium 3


SDRam s dng trong h thng my Pentium 2 v Pentium 3
chng c hnh dng nh trn, khe cm c chia lm 3 mi
v c cc tc 66MHz ,100MHz v 133Mhz


31




Khe cm SDRam trn Mainboard c chia lm 3 mi

DDRam tn y l DDR SDRam ( Double Data Rate SDRam - SDRam c tc
d liu nhn 2 ) C 184 chn. DDR SDRAM l ci tin ca b nh SDR vi tc truyn ti
gp i SDR nh vo vic truyn ti hai ln trong mt chu k b nh




DDRam s dng trong cc my Pentium 4
Khe cm c chia lm 2 mi , c cc tc
Bus l 266MHz, 333MHz v 400MHz




Khe cm SDRam trn Mainboard c chia lm 2 mi

DDR2 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM), Thng c gii chuyn mn gi tt l
"DDR2". L th h th hai ca DDR vi 240 chn, li th ln nht ca n so vi DDR l c
bus speed cao gp i clock speed.



DDRam2 s dng cho my Pentium 4 c cc
loi tc 533MHz, 667MHz v 800MHz
h tr cc CPU c tc Bus > 800MHz


32


RDRAM (Vit tt t Rambus Dynamic RAM), thng c gii chuyn mn gi tt l
"Rambus". y l mt loi DRAM c thit k k thut hon ton mi so vi k thut
SDRAM. RDRAM hot ng ng b theo mt h thng lp v truyn d liu theo mt hng.
Mt knh b nh RDRAM c th h tr n 32 chip DRAM. Mi chip c ghp ni tun t
trn mt module gi l RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) nhng vic truyn d liu
c thc hin gia cc mch iu khin v tng chip ring bit ch khng truyn gia cc
chip vi nhau. Bus b nh RDRAM l ng dn lin tc i qua cc chip v module trn bus,
mi module c cc chn vo v ra trn cc u i din. Do , nu cc khe cm khng cha
RIMM s phi gn mt module lin tc m bo
ng truyn c ni lin. Tc Rambus t t 400-800 MHz.

DDR III SDRAM (Double Data Rate III Synchronous Dynamic RAM): c tc bus
800/1066/1333/1600 Mhz, s bit d liu l 64. y l loi ram ng mi nht.

2. ROM:
- B nh ch c(Read-Only Memory - ROM) l mt loi thit b lu tr dng trong
my tnh v cc thit b khc. N c tn nh vy v khng d ghi thng tin ln n.
- Khng ging nh RAM, thng tin trn ROM vn c duy tr d ngun in cp
khng cn.
- ROM, theo ng ngha, ch cho php c d liu t chng tuy nhin tt c cc loi
ROM u cho php ghi d liu t nht mt ln, hoc khi sn xut ln u hoc trong
bc lp trnh. Mt s loi ROM cho php xa v lp trnh li nhiu ln.
Cc loi ROM:

Theo cng ngh ch to:

PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory): c ch to bng cc mi ni (cu ch -
c th lm t bng mch in). N thuc dng WORM (Write-Once-Read-Many).
Chng trnh nm trong PROM c th lp trnh c bng nhng thit b c bit. Loi
ROM ny ch c th lp trnh c mt ln.





D23128C PROM trn bo mch ZX Spectrum



33


EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): c ch to bng nguyn tc
phn cc tnh in. Loi ROM ny c th b xa bng tia cc tm v ghi li thng qua
thit b ghi EPROM.



EPROM c ch to bng nguyn tc phn cc tnh in. Ca s nh dng xa bng tia
cc tm.

EAROM (Electrically Alterable Read-Only Memory): Loi ROM ny c th thay i
tng bit mt ln. Tuy nhin qu trnh vit kh chm v s dng in th khng chun.
Vic vit li EAROM khng c thc hin thng xuyn.

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): c ch to
bng cng ngh bn dn. Ni dung ca ROM ny c th vit vo v xa (bng in).














Phn bit RAM v ROM:

ROM RAM


34

- L b nh trong

- B nh ch c th c c d liu.

- Cha cc chng trnh h thng



- Khng th xa, khng mt i k c
tt my hoc mt in
- L b nh trong

- B nh c th c ghi c d liu.

- Cha cc chng trnh c a
vo thc hin v d liu ang c
x l.

- Thng tin, d liu s mt i nu mt
in hoc tt my.

b) B nh ngoi:

B nh ngoi dng lu tr d liu lu di v h tr cho b nh trong.

L cc thit b lu tr gn gin tip vo bo mch ch thng qua dy cp d liu, cc khe cm
m rng

B nh ngoi bao gm cng, a mm, CD, USB











a mm
USB


Removable storage


35



cng a quang


So snh b nh trong v b nh ngoi :


B nh trong B nh ngoi
- L thit b lu tr d liu v chng trnh.

- C tc truy xut nhanh.

- L ni d liu c x l.

- C dung lng nh.

- L thit b lu tr d liu v chng
trnh.

- C tc truy xut chm.

- Lu tr d liu lu di.

- C dung lng ln.

5. Thit b vo, ra

a) Thit b vo:

- L thit b dng a thng tin vo my tnh.
- Cc vo(Thit B ) bao gm: Con Tr (Con Chut), Bn Phm, a Mm, a
CD, Webcam, Touchpad.
- Cng vic ca thit b vo (input) l m ha (chuyn i) thng tin t nhiu nh
dng sang dng d liu m my tnh c th x l.








36









Bn phm chut my quyt




Webcam



b) Thit b ra :

- L thit b dng a d liu t my tnh ra.
- Cc Thit B Ra bao gm : Mn Hnh, My In, a Flash (USB), Cng Di ng
ti nhng thit b khng thng dng nh ZIP.
- Cc thit b ra (output) th ngc li, thc hin cng vic gii m d liu thnh thng
tin m ngi s dng c th hiu c.











6. NGUYN L LM VIC CA MY TNH IN T:

hiu r qu trnh ny ta cn tm hiu thm v lnh my. Mi lnh my l mt yu cu ALU
thc hin mt php tnh c s (cng, nhn, nhn logic, cng logic, chn
lnh cn thc hin v. v). Cc lnh ny phi ch ra y cc thng tin sau:
- Php tnh cn thc hin. Trong lnh my n cho bng mt s bit gi l m php
tnh.
- Ni t d liu ca lnh. Thng tin ny c th l i ch trong BNT hoc l m


37

thanh ghi.
- Cc thng tin lin quan n kt qu thc hin chng hn a ch ca ni kt qu
ca php ton.

Nh vy mt lnh c cu trc nh sau:


M lnh Cc thnh phn a ch


Mt chng trnh my l mt dy cc lnh. Do chng trnh cng nm trong b nh nn chnh
cc lnh cng c a ch, chnh l a ch byte u tin ca lnh.
Qu trnh thc hin mt chng trnh l mt qu trnh thc hin lin tip tng lnh. qun l
th t thc hin cc lnh, CU s dng mt thanh ghi gi l thanh m a ch (Program
Counter - PC) ghi a ch ca lnh s thc hin tip theo. Gi tr khi to ca PC l a ch lnh
u tin chng trnh. MTT c iu khin bi cc lnh ca chng trnh. Chu k thc hin
mt lnh bao gm cc bc sau:

- c lnh. Trong chu k c lnh, CU gi ni dung PC vo b gii m a ch
c byte u tin ca lnh ln mt thanh ghi khc l thanh ghi lnh. PC s tng ln
mt n v CU c byte tip theo. di cc lnh c th khc nhau nhng byte
u tin thng l ni cha m lnh.

- Gii m lnh. CU cn c vo m lnh c nt cc thng tin a ch ca lnh v
hon thnh vic c lnh, PC tip tc tng theo s lng byte c vo.

- c d liu. Cc a ch d liu c gi vo b gii m a ch c ni dung
cc i tng ca lnh gi l cc tan hng (operand) vo cc thanh ghi d liu.

- Thc hin lnh. Pht tn hiu iu khin cho mch chc nng ca ALU thc hin
php ton m m lnh xc nh. Sau quay li chu k c lnh vi ni dung mi
ca PC. Ch rng nu lnh thc hin l lnh iu khin th giai on thc hin
ny s t a ch lnh s thc hin tip theo vo PC.

Nh vy thc hin mt lnh ni chung phi c/ghi b nh nhiu ln.

C hai phng php t chc iu khin:

- Phng php iu khin cng. ng vi mi lnh my c mt mch n thc hin
lnh cho theo cc tn hiu iu khin.
- Phng php iu khin vi chng trnh. Mi lnh c thc hin thng qua cc
lnh s cp hn gi l cc vi lnh. Khi ngi ta ch phi thit k phn cng
mc vi lnh. V d, php c mt byte trong b nh c th ly lm mt vi lnh.


38


Nh vy, mt php tnh c th thc hin bng cch thi hnh mt dy vi lnh gi l vi chng
trnh. Do , khi thay i lnh ch cn thay i vi chng trnh tng ng m khng cn thay
i cu trc vt l ca MTT.

Cc CPU ngy nay khng thc hin lnh theo kiu tun t nh trn m thng thc hin song
song nhiu qu trnh. Thng tin np t b nh c th l c mt khi ln mt khi thanh ghi.
Mt s CPU c c c ch x l thng minh d on cc khi chng trnh hay d liu sp
dng n ti trc ln thanh ghi. Trong khi ang thc hin lnh th nht th mt thnh phn
khc gii m lnh th hai v mt thnh phn khc ti lnh th 3 ln thanh ghi. Cch thc x l
ny gi l pipeline. Nh phng thc ny m nhiu b x l c th thc hin nhiu lnh ng
thi.

Nguyn l Von Neumann :

Kin trc my tnh nu trn c J. Von Neumann m t nn cng gi l kin trc
Von Neumann. i km vi kin trc ny l nguyn l hot ng cng tn l Von Neumann.
Ni dung nguyn l gm hai im sau:
Nguyn l iu khin bng chng trnh. My tnh hot ng theo chng trnh lu tr sn
trong b nh ca n. Nguyn l ny m bo cho my tnh c kh nng t iu khin khng
cn c s can thip ca ngi trong qu trnh x l v qu trnh x l c xc nh qua mt
kch bn.
Nguyn l truy cp theo a ch. Nh bit, d liu theo ngha rng (d liu ban u, kt qu
trung gian, kt qu cui cng, chng trnh...) c a vo b nh trong nhng vng nh
c ch nh bng a ch. Trong chng trnh, d liu c ch nh thng qua a ch. Nh
vy, vic truy cp ti d liu l gin tip thng qua a ch ca n trong b nh. Nguyn l ny
m bo tnh mm do trong x l thng tin. Ngi lp trnh c th vit yu cu mt cch tng
qut theo v tr cc i tng nm u m khng cn bit gi tr c th ca chng.



39

S LAO NG - THNG BINH & X HI H NI
TRUNG TM DY NGH BCH KHOA





















H S BI GING THC
HNH















Tn bi: nh Dng vn bn
M un: Tin hc vn phng
Ngh: Tin hc
H v tn ging vin: Nguyn Hi ng







Bch Khoa, thng 12 nm 2012



40




GIO N S: 2 Thi gian thc hin: 90 pht
Tn bi hc trc: Cc k nng son tho vn bn
Thc hin : T ngy10/10 /2013 n ngy 14/10/2013

Tn bi ging: NH DNG VN BN

I. MC TIU CA BI:
Sau khi hc xong bi hc ny, ngi hc t c:
1. V kin thc


- Trnh by c khi nim ca nh dng vn bn, nh dng k t v nh
dng on.


- Bit cch trnh by nh dng cc kiu ch, on vn bn trn my tnh


2. V k nng


- Thc hin nh dng c k t v nh dng on vm bn theo mt vn
bn mu.


- Nm vng cc bc thc hin v cc thao tc nh dng k t , nh dng
on vn bn trnh by vn bn trn my tnh.


3. V thi


- Rn luyn thc hc tp hng th trong gi thc hnh.


- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn, chnh xc cho ngi hc thng qua cc thao
tc thc hnh.


- Rn luyn tc phong v v sinh cng nghip

II. DNG V TRANG THIT B DY HC:



41


Chun b ca gio vin :
+ My tnh: 01.
+ My chiu: 01.
+ Bng en.
+ Gio trnh
Chun b ca sinh vin :
+ Gio trnh
+ V ghi

III. HNH THC T CHC DY HC:
- Hc l thuyt: Theo nhm ti lp
- Hc thc hnh: Chia nhm

IV. N NH LP HC:
- n nh lp (1pht).
- Kim tra s s (1pht).
V. THC HIN BI HC:



NI DUNG BI HC

Hot ng dy hc

Thi

gian
Hot ng gio vin

Hot ng ngi
hc










1
Dn nhp: Mi em s c mt cch
trnh by bi hc ring ty theo tnh
thm m ca mnh, nhng d cch
no th cng chung mc ch l lm
cho vn bn p, r rng, d nm
bt trng tm hn. Nhng cng vic
m cc em thng lm nh vy gi l
trnh by vn bn. Trong son tho
vn bn my tnh cng cung cp cho
chng ta mt s cng c trnh by
mt vn bn gi l nh dng vn
bn. Vy trong my tnh nhng thao
tc nh dng vn bn c thc
hin nh th no? Hm nay chng ta
s tm hiu vn ny.


- t cu hi v
dn dt vo bi.
- Nhn xt cu
tr li v a ra
kt lun
- Lng nghe


- Suy ngh v
tr li

2
pht


42


2




















Gii thiu ch
Bi : nh dng vn bn (Tit 1)
Mc tiu bi:
- Trnh by c khi nim ca nh
dng vn bn, nh dng k t v nh
dng on.
- Thc hin nh dng c k t v
nh dng on theo mt vn bn
mu.Rn luyn c tnh cn thn,
chnh xc cho ngi hc thng qua
cc thao tc thc hnh.
- Nu ch
bi hc, trao
i cc vn
lin quan n
ni dung chnh.
- Ghi bng tiu
v mc
tiu bi hc.
- Xc nh ni
dung kin
thc v k
nng c bn
ca bi hc.


2
pht
















3

























Hng dn ban u :
GV a ra hai bng ph trnh by
hai mu vn bn c cng ni dung, 1
vn bn c nh dng, 1 vn bn
cha c nh dng. Em c nhn
xt g gia hai on vn bn trn?
I. Khi nim:
- nh dng vn bn l thay i kiu
dng, v tr ca cc k t (con ch,
s, k hiu ...), cc on vn bn v
cc i tng khc trn trang vn bn.
- Mc ch: vn bn c r rng
v p, nhn mnh nhng phn quan
trng, gip ngi c d nm bt hn
cc ni dung ch yu ca vn bn.
- C ba thuc tch c bn l:
+ nh dng k t.
+ nh dng on.
+ nh dng trang.
Lu :
- nh dng vn bn sau khi
son tho xong ton b phn ni
dung ca vn bn.
- Nu khng c phn vn bn no
c chn th cc thuc tnh nh
t cu hi.


Nhn xt v rt
ra kt lun







Ghi bng.







Trnh chiu Sile.
Suy ngh
quan st, ghi
chp

3
pht


43

































































dng khi thit lp s c p
dng cho cc k t c g vo
t v tr con tr vn bn tr i.

II. nh dng k t:
- nh dng k t l thay i hnh dng
ca mt hay mt nhm k t.
- Cc thuc tnh c bn ca nh dng
k t:
+ Thay i phng ch.
+ Thay i kiu ch.
+ Thay i c ch.
Cc bc thc hin:
+ B
1
: Bi en phn vn bn cn
nh dng k t.
+ B
2
: Thc hin nh dng k t.
C hai cch:

C
1
: Thc hin theo menu lnh: Format
*/ Font. Xut hin hp thoi Font:





















Trong :


+ Font: Chn phng ch.
+ Font style: Chn kiu ch.
+ Size: Chn c ch.
+ Preview: Ca s hin th kt
- Trnh chiu Sile




- Thc hin
mu trn vn
bn.
















- Gi hc sinh
ln thc hnh.











- Nhn xt


5
pht


44

































































qu.
Sau khi nh dng xong:
+ Nhn chut vo OK (Enter)
hon tt.
+ Default: ngm nh cho cc
nh dng k t cc ln tip theo C
2
:
S dng cc nt lnh trn thanh
Formatting :
- Chn phng ch
- Chn C ch
- Chn kiu ch
Ch : Sau khi tin hnh nh dng
song phi b chn nh du phn
vn bn va c chn.

1.Thay i kiu ch (Change
case) :
Bn c th thay i kiu ch nhanh
chng, d dng bng cch:
B
1
: nh du chn vn bn cn
nh dng
B
2
: T menu Format, chn Change
case hin th hp thoi:




La chn cc tu chn thay i
kiu ch :
- Sentence case: thay i ch
hoa u tin trong cu
- Lowercase: thay i ch hoa
nh
- Uppercase: thay i ch hoa
- Trnh chiu Sile


- a ra cu hi.


- Nhn xt v rt
ra kt lun.


- Trnh chiu Sile



- Ghi bng.
- Quan st







- Ghi chp





- Suy ngh tr
li

3
pht


45

































































ln
- Title case: thay i ch hoa
u tin ca tng t
- Toggle case: i ch hoa
thnh ch thng v ngc
li.


B
3
: Nhn OK chp nhn, Cancel
hu b vic thit lp.


2.To ch ln u on vn bn
(Drop cap):
B
1 :
t du chn vo on mun
to ch ln. Nu mun to vi k t
hoc nguyn mt t u tin th
phi chn chng.
B
2 :
T menu Format, chn Drop
Cap, xut hin hp thoi:



B
3
: La chn cc tu chn:
- Position (v tr):
None: khng to ch ln u
dng.
- - Dropped: to ch ln nm trong
vng vn bn chnh.
In margin: ch ln nm l
- Option(la chn):
- Thc hin mu.


- Gi HS ln lm.


- nh dng theo
cch 2.

- t cu hi.



- Nhn xt v rt
ra kt lun.
- Quan st.







- Suy ngh tr
li.



46



























































Font: la font ch cho ch
nh to ln.
Line to drop: chn s dng cho
ch tht cp
Distance from text: s
khong cch t ch ln n
ch thng ca on vn
bn.
B4 : Nhn OK.
III. nh dng on:
- nh dng on l thay i
khong cch ca on vn bn
c chn theo nhng thuc tnh
nh dn dng trong on, thay i
khong cch vi on ln cn pha
trn v pha di.............


nh dng on vn ta xt cc thuc
tnh c bn nh: cn l, v tr l on
vn, khong cch on, khong cch
dng
Cc bc thc hin:
B
1
: Bi en phn vn bn cn nh
dng on.
B
2
: Thc hin nh dng on. C
hai cch:
C
1
: Thc hin theo menu lnh:
Format */ Paragraph. Xut hin hp
thoi Paragraph:









- t cu hi















- Thc hin mu








- Nhn xt v rt
ra kt lun.
- Quan st,
ghi chp.













- Suy ngh v
tr li.





- Quan st.

5
pht


47





































Trong :
+ Aligment: V tr cn l.
+ Spacing: Khong cch ca on
vn bn chn vi on vn
bn ln cn pha trn v pha di.
+ Line spacing: Khong cch gia
cc dng trong on.


C
2
: S dng cc nt lnh trn thanh
Formatting.


1.t l tri, phi bng thc:
C th dng thc ngang xc
nh l tri, l phi v im tht vo
ca dng u tin trong mt on
bng cch t con tr chut vo on
cn chnh l ri ko vo cc nt sau:



- t cu hi

- Thc hin mu
- Nhn xt v rt
ra kt lun.
- Quan st

- ghi chp.













3
pht


48


2. nh du hoc nh s u on
(Bullet and Numbering)
S dng lnh Bullets and
Numbering nh sau:
- Di chuyn du chn n on vn
bn cn nh dng.
- T menu Format, chn Bullets
and Numbering.
- Xut hin hp thoi



- Chn nhn Bulleted la cc
tu chn nh du, nhn
Numbered la cc tu chn
nh s.
- Ch : nu bn khng mun chn
mt trong 8 kiu k hiu lit k
sn, bn c th chn nt Picture
hoc Customize tu chn theo
s thch ca bn.
- Nhn nt OK xc lp vic la
chn, nt Reset tr li dng
mc nh, Cancel hu b vic
xc lp.

- t cu hi

- Thc hin mu

- Nhn xt v rt
ra kt lun.
- Quan st
- Suy ngh

- Tr li


5
pht





Hng dn thng xuyn :


- Phn nhm thc hnh.
- Chia lm 4
nhm, mi dy
l mt nhm.
- Thc
hnh
hin theo s

40
pht


49




4

- Hc sinh nhn bi thc hnh.

- Thc hin nh dng cc kiu
ch, vn bn trong bi thc
hnh ln my tnh .

Da vo cc bc thc hin lm
bi ,v theo di mt s hng dn
b sung ca gio vin trn bng.
- Gio vin
pht bi thc
hnh.
- Theo di un
nn cc bc
thc hin ca
hc sinh.
- Kim tra tng
Hs, tng
nhm. Trong
qu trnh lm
nu thy a
phn Hs khng
lm c mt
thao tc no
th cho c
lp dng li
hng dn trn
bng.
hng dn




- Tin hnh
thc hnh




5
Hng d n kt thc :


- Nhn xt qu trnh thc hnh
- Cng b kt qu






- Kim tra kt
qu thc hnh.
- Tp trung hc
sinh, nh gi
chung bi thc
hnh ca tng
nhm .
- Nhn xt kt
qu thc hnh
v thc hc
tp ca c lp.
- Khen nhng
nhm lm bi
tt, nhc nh
nhng hc sinh
cha t, khng
nghim tc.
- Yu cu hc
sinh thot khi
chng trnh,
- Yu cu thy
kim tra kt
qu


- Suy ngh m
rng yu cu
ca bi
- Dn dp v
sinh ch thc
hnh

5
pht


50


Ngy 14 thng 10 nm 2013

TRNG T MN

GING VIN

Nguyn Hi ng







































tt my, v








6
Hng d n t h c :
- Cng c bi hc:
nh ng
k t
nh dng
on vn.
- M rng yu
cu bi thc
hnh, hng
dn, giao cho
hc sinh v nh
t nghin cu,
thc hnh.
- Hc sinh chun
b trc bi
nh dng
trang vn bn ,
trn , v in vn
bn
- Lng nghe



- Ghi chp.

2
pht


51

rng i t u n ?
Hay t cnh rng xa
Trng hng nh qu chn
Lng l ln trc nh.

Trng i t u n ?
Hay bin xanh diu k
Trng trn nh mt c
Chng bao gi chp mi.
Trn ng Khoa

Bi th c cn u hai bn
Gin cch dng l 1.5
Vit hoa ch ci u mi dng th
Kh 1 cch kh 2 mt dng.
Tn bi th Trng i font ch VnAristote c ch 28 mu ch mu , kiu ch in
m hiu ng ch (text effects) l (Gradient Fill ), nt ngoi (Outline) l mu
xanh dng.
C bi th fon ch Times New Roman, c ch 14, mu ch xanh dng (Color
model RGB , Red: 0 Green : 0 , Blue: 204).
Dng th nht Ch T to u on , kiu ch gch chn v in nghing
Dng th nm kiu ch gch chn v in nghing.
Tn tc gi vit hoa ch ci u , cn l phi.
T


52

Quy trnh nh dng k t

TT Ni dung cng vic Dng c
thit b
Phng php thao tc Yu cu Ghi ch
B1 Hin thanh Ruy-
bng
My tnh C1: n t hp phm Ctrl + F1
C2: Kch chut vo mi tn m rng thanh Ruy-bng

B2 Cn gia tn bi th My tnh B1: Bi en ton b tn bi th
B2: Thc hin vic cn gia cho tn bi th :
C1: Trn thanh Ruy-Bng phn Paragrap -> Center.
C2: chut phi ->Center

Thao tc
chun , mch
lc
- Khuyn khch C2
v nhanh hn.

- Chng ta c th
n t hp phm
Ctrl+E cn
gia
B3 nh dng font ch,
kiu ch , c ch ,
mu ch cho tn bi
th
My tnh B1: Bi en ton b tn bi th
B2: Thc hin vic nh dng cho tn bi th :
- Trn thanh Ruy-Bng phn Font
- Chn Font ch VnAristote c ch 28

Thao tc
chun , mch
lc
- C th n chut
phi nh
dng font ch ,
c ch, kiu ch,
mu ch

- V th t nh
dng c th thay
i, k nht thit


53


- Chn kiu ch in m Bold
- Phn Font Color -> mu (Red)
- Hiu ng ch : text effects ->Gradient Fill )


- Nt ngoi: text effects ->Outline -> mu xanh
dng.
phi chn font
ch ri c ch,
sau mu ch,
v hiu ng.


54

B4 nh dng fon ch,
c ch,cn l cho
bi th, vit hoa
ch ci u dng
My tnh B1: Bi en ton b bi th
B2 : Thc hin vic nh dng cho bi th:
- Trn thanh Ruy-Bng phn Paragrap -> Justify.
- Font-> Times New Roman, c ch 14
- Font Color -> More Color-> Custom->
Color model RGB , Red: 0 Green : 0 , Blue: 204.



- Font->Change Case-> Sentence case(nh dng ch
vit hoa u dng)
Dng cc phm
tt nh dng

Th t nh dng
c th thay i


55



- Paragraph->Line and paragraph spacing
->1.15



B5 nh dng dng th
u
B1: Bi en dng th nht
B2: Thc hin vic nh dng cho dng th u
- Font->underline.

Thao tc
chun , mch
lc
C th dung phm tt
nh dng


56



- Trn thanh Ruy-Bng ->Insert->DropCap
->In margin



B6 nh dng k t
cho dng th th 5
Tng t nh nh dng cho dng th u nhng khng nh
dng ch to u on

B7 nh dng cho tn
tc gi
B1: Bi en ton b tn tc gi.
B2: nh dng font ch kiu ch lm nh trn