Nova

Chng 1 Gii thiu chung
Chng 1. Gii thiu chung

1.1. Gii thiu chng trnh

Nova -TDN - Chng trnh thit k ng b c thc hin trn nn
AutoCAD Release 14 vi ngn ng lp trnh Visual C++. Nova -TDN l sn
phm lin kt gia Cng ty Hi Ho v Hng ViaNova ca Nauy.
Vi Nova -TDN c th thc hin cng tc thit k t d n tin kh thi ti
thit k k thut.
S dng Nova -TDN tht n gin nhng li cho kt qu rt chi tit hon
ton ph hp vi tiu chun Vit Nam v thit k ng b v c th thit k theo
tiu chun AASHTO.
Cc chc nng chnh ca chng trnh:
Nhp s liu kho st.
V mt bng hin trng v thit k bnh tuyn.
Thit k trc dc,trc ngang.
Tnh ton v lp bng khi lng o p.
V ng bnh , dng phi cnh mt ng cng cnh quan a hnh
v to hot cnh 3D.
1.1.1. Nhp s liu thit k
Nhp s liu thit k nhm mc ch xy dng M hnh a hnh dng cho
cc bc thit k tip theo. M hnh a hnh c th c xy dng t:
Cc ng ng mc, cc im o ca bn a hnh c s ho
thnh bn v AutoCAD
Cc im o t my d ton c in t hoc ghi s o t my o quang
c.
S liu o trc dc, trc ngang.
Trn c s cc im o vi Nova-TDN, NSD s xy dng c m hnh li
b mt t nhin v v ng ng mc. y l m hnh a hnh s 3D cho php
ni suy to (x, y, h) ca bt k im no nm trong m hnh li.
1.1.2. V mt bng hin trng v thit k bnh tuyn
T s liu o c th th hin c mt bng hin trng ca khu vc.
Trn c s m hnh a hnh nhp c th tin hnh vch cc ng tim
tuyn khc nhau ca con ng cn thit k nhm chn c cc phng n ti u
hoc l thit k nhiu tuyn cng mt lc- nht l trong thit k tin kh thi. Nova
-TDN t ng pht sinh hoc chn cc cc v cc im mia theo yu cu. Cc s
liu c t ng cp nht, cho php hiu chnh mt cch d dng hoc b sung
thm cho ph hp vi s liu a hnh thc t. Nova -TDN cho php thit k cc
ng cong chuyn tip hoc khng chuyn tip c siu cao hoc khng c siu
cao. Nu c siu cao th trong on dc 1 mi tim quay l tm cc hoc mp
Nova-TDN Hng dn s dng
1
ngoi phn xe chy hoc mp l phn bng khi cha m rng. ng thi thun
tin cho NSD, Nova_TDN cho php nhp mi v tra cc tiu chun thit k ng
cong v
Kt xut cc kt qu phc v cho vic xc nh tuyn ngoi hin trng.
n chc nng in nhiu trang ct ngang thit k chun m khai bo
cho tuyn.
s b theo mu ct ngang thit
k chu
i th Nova -TDN cho php thit k cc ging thu
nc,
a cc lp a cht
da v
s t ng thay i theo
ph h

nh cc i tng
tng ng ca Nova_TDN ri copy cho cc mt ct ngang khc.
h vi chnh Nova_TDN cho php t ng lp bng tng hp khi
lng o p.
ng bnh v dng phi cnh mt ng cng cnh
qu
t cnh. M duyn ny thng dng khi thit k v trnh duyt d n
tin kh thi.
siu cao.
1.1.3. Thit k trc dc, trc ngang
Trong trng hp tuyn di nhiu cy s Nova -TDN cho php tch trc
dc ra nhiu on khc nhau trong cng 1 bn v. Mu biu bng trc dc v trc
ngang c th tu thay i cho ph hp vi bng biu ca c quan hoc theo yu
cu ca nhim v thit k. Trc ngang c th sp xp cho va kh giy cn xut ra
v c th ch
.
Nova -TDN cho php thit k 3 phng n ng nhm chn ra phng
n ti u theo khi lng o p, c tnh ton
n khi khai bo cc thng s thit k tuyn.
i vi ng trong n
cao y cng ngm.
Trn trc dc Nova -TDN cho php nhp b dy c
o chng c th tnh ton khi lng o ca tng lp.
Trn trc ngang mt ct s c t ng xc nh theo dc siu cao v
m rng l nu ct ngang nm trong on c b tr siu cao v c m rng. Cc
cao ct ngang s bm theo cc cao thit k ca tng phng n. Vic thay
i phng n ng cc mt ct thit k trc ngang
p vi cao ca phng n ng hin hnh.
Trong mt s trng hp c bit nh: luy c dt cp, l hoc mt ng
khng khai bo c theo tiu chun Nova_TDN cho php thit k mt ng, l,
luy bng cc ng Polyline ca AutoCAD sau nh ngha th
1.1.4. Tnh ton v lp khi lng o p
Nu thit k theo TCVN Nova -TDN s xc nh cho gn 70 loi din
tch. Trn c s cc loi din tch ny ngi s dng c th t hp li bng cch
xy dng cc cng thc tnh sao cho ph hp vi yu cu din tch cn kt xut,
ghi chng ln tng trc ngang. Sau khi in cc loi din tch trn cc trc ngang
v qua qu trn
1.1.5. V
an a hnh
Nova -TDN cho php th th hin ng ng mc ca m hnh thit k
im. Dng phi cnh mt ng thit k v b mt t nhin cng cnh quan hin
trng, to ho

2

1.2. h v ci t
i hi phn cng ca PC:
128MB RAM tr ln
hp vi cng tc thit k, tt nht l 17 tr ln
m c:
ng dn trong a CD-ROM dng File *.PDF ( Format dng
C
Yu cu cu hn
1.2.1. Yu cu cu hnh
Nova -TDN chy tt
My Pentium III 600 MHz tr ln
Mn hnh ph
1.2.2. Ci t
Nova -TDN g
a CD - ROM ci t
Kho cng
Ti liu h
Adobe Acrobat )
ch ci t:
Vi
o th mc
ng th
\Setup.exe
n khi kt thc.
L
D14 km theo tn Nova -TDN.
Bnh , TD - TN, Ph tr. Trong trng hp khng thy xut hin MENU th
chng trnh t ng ti MENU
ln.

cc File th
mc FONTS trong Windows ( Thc hin cc thao tc trn ngoi mi trng DOS ).
+ Nu trn dng nhc khng xut hin ting Vit th chn la nh sau :
Chn chc nng : Tools\Preferences\Display\Fonts
c ci t chng trnh Nova -TDN c th tin hnh theo cc bc sau :
- Ci t AutoCAD R14 ln trn my tnh v chy th trc.
- Copy cc a ci t ca chng trnh vo trong my ( t
ri v mc cho tng a DISK1, DISK2, .... lu ton b chng trnh ).
- S dng S rt\Run\<Tn th mc lu CT>\DISK1
- Thc hin cc ch dn ca chng trnh Setup cho
u : - Trc khi ci t cm kho cng vo my.
- Sau khi ci t xong nh khi ng li my.
- Sau khi ci t hon thnh trong Programs s xut hin Group : Thit
k ng b v trong c biu tng ca ACA
Mun khi ng chng trnh phi chy t y, vic chy chng trnh t biu tng
AutoCAD R14 bnh thng s khng c tc dng.
- Khi chy chng trnh, MENU ca n c t ng ti ln gm a
hnh,
dng nhc nhp lnh : Command : NOVATDN
- V ting Vit trong chng trnh :
+ Nu trn MENU khng xut hin ting Vit th thc hin nh sau : Copy
: SSERIFE.FON, VGASYS.FON, VGAFIX.FON t th mc ABC vo
3

Hnh 1-1. chn Font
* Tip sau chn Fonts theo hp hi thoi Hnh 1-2 :

Hnh 1-2. Chn kiu text
Sau khi chn xong bm phm OK ri Apply chp nhn s thay i .

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1.3. Cc khi nim c bn
1.3.1. n v v v t l
Trong bn v AutoCAD Nova -TDN quan nim 1 n v v tng ng vi 1
n v tnh ngoi thc a. Sau khi khai bo t l v ph hp Nova -TDN s t
ng xc nh kch thc chiu cao ch trong bn v sao cho khi xut bn v ra
giy s c chiu cao ch theo khai bo. Do vy khi in bn v ra giy yu cu
phi tnh li t l n ph hp vi t l khai bo. V d t l bn v trc ngang l
1:200 vi 1 n v v l 1m th khi xut ra giy 1mm in ra ng vi 200/1000=0.2
n v v. Hay ni cch khc l 1 n v v tng ng vi 5mm ngoi giy.

Lu : Nu c 1 bn v bnh c sn vi t l 1/2000 sau khi
Digitizer vo s c 1 n v v ng vi 2m ngoi thc a. cho ph hp vi yu
cu ca Nova -TDN phi dng lnh Scale tng kch thc cc ng ng mc
ln 2 ln cho 1 n v v s ng vi 1 n v thc a.
Cc gi tr gc nhp trong Nova -TDN theo : pht : giy. Phn bit gia
chng bng du :. V d cn nhp gc 1231532 a vo nh sau: 123:15:32.
Ring nhp s liu tuyn c th nhp gc theo tu chn sau:
- Theo AutoCAD Vd:123d1532
- Theo du chm Vd: 123. 15.32
- Theo du cch Vd: 123 15 32
1.3.2. H to
Gc hng bc
Y
0,0
X
WCS
Y
H to gi nh
X

Hnh 1-3. H to trong Nova -TDN
Trong Nova -TDN phn bit 2 h to :
1. H to ca bn v AutoCAD bao gm:
5
H to WCS (World Coordinate System) - H to chung ca
bn v AutoCAD
H to UCS (User Coordinate System) - h to do ngi s
dng t nh ngha.
Gc c gi tr + c chiu ngc chiu quay kim ng h
2. H to gi nh
Gc c gi tr + c chiu cng chiu quay kim ng h
Trc OX lun trng vi hng bc
Trc OY lun trng vi hng ng

H to gi nh (HTG) l h to do ngi thit k qui nh cho
ph hp vi vng o v sao cho cc to a vo u mang gi tr dng.V
tr ca HTG c xc nh bi gc 0,0 ca h to WCS ca AutoCAD m
ti gi tr X v Y ca HTG c th khc 0 v gc hng bc ca n. Gc
hng bc l gc xc nh gia trc to X ca h to WCS v trc X ca
HTG, xem Hnh 1-3.
Ni chung Nova -TDN u tin s dng h to WCS trong vic in cc
gi tr do cn phi lu khi xc nh gc hng bc ca HTG sao cho vi
gc hng bc bn v bnh c b tr nm ngang theo h to WCS. Gi
tr X v Y ca HTG ti gc 0,0 ca WCS phi ln sao cho gi tr X v Y ca
WCS trong qu trnh thit l khng qu ln, thng thng ly theo mc quc gia
gn nht.
1.3.3. Cc im t my
Nhng im t my thng l nhng im ng truyn c tin hnh
bnh sai. L nhng im ti t my xc nh cao cc im o ca a
hnh t nhin.
1.3.4. im cao trnh
im cao trnh l im trn a hnh t nhin m to X, Y v Z ca n
c o bng cc phng php khc nhau. Tp hp cc im cao trnh t nhin l
c s cho xy dng m hnh a hnh phc v cho cng tc thit k. Mt im
cao trnh bao gm cc tham s:
To X, Y v Z (cao ): Xc nh v tr ca im
Ghi ch: Dng t tn im m sau ny c th ni cc im c cng
Ghi ch vi nhau.
S hiu vt: Tng ng vi 1 s hiu trong Th vin vt a hnh v
dng th hin trn mt bng v phi cnh ca a vt t nhin.
Ch s : S th t ca im c t ng nh tng dn. Th t ni cc
im cao trnh theo chiu tng dn ca Ch s.

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1.4. Cu trc chng trnh
1.4.1. Menu Nova -TDN
Nova -TDN bao gm 140 lnh m rng c chia ra lm 3 nhm v b tr
dn tri trn 4 Menu dc ca AutoCAD:

1.4.2. Menu a hnh
Khai bo cc s liu ban u.
Nhp cc im t my v cc im cao trnh.
Nhp bn v ng bnh .
Nhp trc dc v trc ngang.

Hnh 1-4. Menu a hnh
Hiu chnh v in ni cc im cao trnh.
V bnh tuyn.

1.4.3. Menu Tyn

Vch tuyn v pht sinh cc
Dng phi cnh v to hot cnh
V trc dc, trc ngang t nhin.
Thit k trc dc, trc ngang ca tuyn ng.
Tnh ton khi lng o p v lp bng tng hp khi lng.
V trc ngang cng v bn v chi tit cng.
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Hnh 1-5. Tuyn
1.4.4. Menu Ph tr
Bao gm cc lnh hiu chnh bng v cc lnh tr gip cho qu trnh thit
k.

Hnh 1-6. Menu Ph tr
8
1.4.5. Bng tn lnh

Menu Lnh tt
Ci t cc thng s ban u NS
Khai bo KBNDH
H To Gi nh
in k hiu hng bc HB
To li khng ch mt bng LUOI
Chuyn sang H to Gi nh TDDL
nh ngha trm my NM
D liu im o
To im cao trnh t tp s liu CDTEP
To cc im cao trnh NT
To im cao trnh t s o NDD
To a hnh nh NHA
Chuyn i my ton c in t HSURVEYT
Xut cao theo TEXT CDTEXT
Nhp ng ng mc NDM
nh ngha ng ng mc hoc ng mp DNDM
nh ngha cc ng ng mc DNCDM
S liu tuyn
Nhp s liu tuyn RTDN
Chuyn i tp s liu TDN CVERT
Chuyn i tp s liu TKD PMNV
Chuyn i tp s liu CCIC QHNV
Chuyn i d liu TEDI TDCD
Chuyn i d liu HGTVT CNVSY
Xy dng m hnh li b mt LTG
V ng ng mc DM
Tra cu cao t nhin CDTN
Hiu chnh
Hiu chnh cao trnh HCCT
Bt/Tt im cao trnh trong c s d liu BTCD
in v ni cc im cao trnh CDT
Bt cc im cao trnh trong bn v BCD
Tt cc im cao trnh trong bn v TCD
Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp XCD
Th vin a hnh Nova_TDN TVDH

9
Tu chn TCH
Khai mu bng trc dc v trc ngang BB
Khai bo vt bn+hu c KBVB
Khai bo cc lp o ng theo TCVN KBK
Tuyn
Tiu chun thit k ng ST
Khai bo v thay i tuyn thit k Cs
V tuyn T
Khai bo gc tuyn GT
~nh ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn DMB
B trU ng cong v siu cao CN
Chnh l trnh mi v c OLDS
Khai bo bn kinh in BKD
To im cao trnh theo s liu trc
ngang DCD
Thay i v tr tuyn DT
Xy dng li d liu tuyOn to bn v RL
Pht sinh cc PSC
Chn cc mi CC
Xc nh v tr cc so vi tuyn KD
Xc nh li s liu mia PSL
Xo tuyn hoc cc XOA
Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia SSLT
Ly s liu va h` SLVH
Cp nht li s liu t nhin to trc
ngang TNTT
V li im TIN theo tuyOn DCD
Tra cu s liu cc TCC
Sa tn cc STC
Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v
trc ngang chun BTC
Mt bng tuyn t trc ngang BT
in yOu t cong YTC
in tn cc trn tuyn DTC
in cao cc DCDC
in im cao trnh dc tuyn DCDT
Xut s liu cc on cong SLC
i?n ku hiu lu trnh DLT
Tra lu trnh TLT
V trc dc t nhin TD
Lp a cht LDC
in mc so snh DSSTD
10
Thay i mc so snh TSSTD
Hiu chnh trc dc EDTD
H to trc dc GTD
Chn phng n ng hin hnh PADD
Thit k trc dc DD
ng cong ng CD
in thit k DTK
in l trnh DLTTD
Cng trn CONG
Cu CAU
To ging thu nc TGT
Nhn li cao thit k NCD
nh ngha ng thit k v lp a
cht DNDD
Hu cao thit k HCDTK
Ni cao ng mt VDD
V trc ngang t nhin TN
ng cu VDC
Nhp cc lp ~a cht trc ngang NDCTN
V cc lp ~a cht trc ngang DCTN
ThiOt kO trc ngang TKTN
nh ngha thit k trc ngang DNTKTN
To a tuyn dc ti trc ngang DTD
To taluy TL
To cc lp o ng APK
in thit k trc ngang DTKTN
Vt bn v hu c VB
T ng xc nh vt bn v hu c VBTD
nh cp DC
T ng xc nh nh cp DCTD
Copy cc i tng trc ngang CTK
Xa thit k trc ngang XTK
Dch nh thit ktrc ngang DTN
H to trc ngang GTN
Hiu chnh trc ngang EDTN
Hin trc ngang theo tn HTN
Nhp chi?u di chiOm dng NLCD
Tnh s b din tch o p DTSB
Tnh din tch TDT
in gi gi tr din tch DDT
Xut bng cm cong BCC
Bng yu t cong BYTC
11
Xut bng to cc TDC
Lp bng khi lng LBDT
Bng khi lng to gi tr~ i?n LBGT
Trc ngang cng trn TNCT
Cng trn CTCT
Cng bn CBCT
Cu to mang cng MONGC
Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k PC
V li b mt t nhin CED
V vch sn VVS
Hot cnh 3D SD
Hot cnh theo hnh trnh OB
Loi i tng khi Nova-TDN LDT
Tra cu cc i tng ca Nova-TDN TRA
NovaTDN Help
About Nova-TDN AboutTDN

4.Ph tr
To v hiu chnh bng... THB
Hiu chnh bng HCB
Tch bng CHB
Trch bng TRICHB
Thm bt hng ct bng HHCB
Copy cng thc, d liu bng CPB
Pline PLTD
Pline theo dc PLDD
Ri luy RTL
Kch thc KT
Sa Text ET
Xo i tng theo lp XL
Hiu chnh lp ELAY
Cn chnh cc cm kch thc EMD
i co ch DCCHU
Hiu chnh cc i tng Text EMT
Hiu chnh cc i tng Attribute EMA
Lm trn cc ng a tuyn bng lnh PEDIT LT
Lm trn a tuyn theo khong phn LTP
Lm trn a tuyn theo Spline LTS
Mi tn lin tc MT
K hiu ct t CDUT
Th vin ngi dng TV
12
Chng 2Khai bo s liu thit k
Chng 2. Khai bo s liu thit k
2.1. Xy dng bn v nguyn sinh
Khi xy dng bn v nguyn sinh ngoi vic ci t cc thng s cac
AutoCAD cho ph hp vi bn v theo TCVN cn phi khai bo thm:
Dng lnh UNITS t s ch s ly sau du chm thp phn.
Khai bo cc kiu ch vi phng ch ting Vit cho:
-Kiu ch v kiu ch s cho phn bnh .
-Kiu ch phn tiu (Vnsimple) , kiu ch tn cc (Vnsimple) v kiu
ch s (Vnromanc) cho bn v trc dc v trc ngang.
Nu khng c g c bit trong bn v nguyn sinh s dng mc Ci t cc
thng s ban u ca Nova -TDN.
2.2. Khai bo mu bng biu
chn mu bng biu trnh by phn bng trc dc v trc ngang chn Khai
mu bng trc dc v trc ngang nh trn Hnh 2-1. chn u Trc Dc hoc
u Trc Ngang khai bo mu biu bng cho ph hp. V d i vi u
Trc Dc:

Hnh 2-1. Khai mu bng trc ngang

Cao ch : l chiu cao ch ngoi giy chung cho ton bng.
Kh.cch u: chiu di phn u ca bng c xc nh bi di ca hng
c phn m t di nht.
Mun thm 1 hng vo trong bng bm chut vo phn k ti ct m t (bn
phi hp thoi) s t ng thm mt hng vo pha trn hng va chn ng thi
13
xut hin s 0 trong ct SH (s hiu) v None trong ct m t l None. Nu sau
chn sang phn S hiu ( bn tri hp thoi) v chn mc cn thit th khi to
bng trc dc Nova TDN s t ng in gi tr tng ng vo ng v tr cc
cc. Nu khng chn phn S hiu th ti hng ny trong bn v trc dc NSD
phi t in cc thng s cn thit vo dng ny trong bn v. M t cho php
thay i phn in dng m t ti u trc dc trong bn v. V d khi chn s
hiu ng vi Cao tim ng nhng phn m t c th sa li l Existing
Elevation cho bn v ting Anh. Kh.Cch cho php nh ngha chiu cao
ca hng hng tng ng cn ch va vo gia hai ng k bng.
Mun xo 1 hng bt k th bm chut vo hng ri n phm Del. xo.
Chn cc kiu ch cho phn Tiu , Tn cc v Ch s. Trong cc mc ny
ch xut hin cc kiu ch c trong bn v hin thi. Do trong bn v nguyn
sinh phi khai bo trc nh ni trn.
C th tu chn kiu ch cho bng trc dc- trc ngang bng cch chn
menu format > Text Style > chn kiu ch mi > chn new (t tn cho kiu ch
mi cn np) > close . sau khai bo bng trc dc- trc ngang v chn li kiu
ch.
Mu bng c th lu ra tp khi cn c th gi vo thnh bng hin thi.
Nova -TDN lun coi mu bng c gi ra ln cui l hin thi.

Lu : Cn phi lu mu bng trc dc v trc ngang ra 2 tp khc nhau.
Ring i vi u Trc Ngang ti mc Tn cc: v L trnh: nu c
nhp k t th trn trc ngang vi tn cc l P4
ti l trnh 0.06905Km s xut hin , nu ti mt no trng th s khng
xut hin hng tng ng trn bn v. V d nu khng mun in tn cc th
phn tn cc trng.

2.3. Khai bo trc ngang thit k
C th phi khai bo 2 loi mu trc ngang:
Trc ngang chun c khai ti mc Khai bo v thay i tuyn thit k
l mu trc ngang s c dng tnh ton siu cao, din tch o p s b v
dng phi cnh tuyn ng khi khng theo thit k trn trc ngang. N s c p
dng cho ton tuyn.
Trc ngang thit k p c th cho tng trc ngang c khai bo ti mc
Thit k trc ngang, cc mu trc ngang ny c th lu ra tp sau cn thit c
th ly li.
Lu: Trong on tuyn thit k khi c cc n tuyn vi chiu rng hoc cc
thng s thit k khc nhau Nova_TDN cho php khai bo v p trc ngang thit k
cho tng on (t cc ... ti cc...)
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2.4. Khai bo cc lp o ng
Cc lp o ng m chiu dy ca chng tnh ton trc v lu chng li
di cc Tn khun khc nhau tin cho qu trnh s dng. Chn mc Khai bo cc
lp o ng. Vi mi loi khun c 3 mu khc nhau nh trn Hnh 2-2.
Khun trn nn c: ch c khi thit k ci to
Khun trn nn mi: khi thit k ng mi hoc l phn cp thm khi
thit k ci to.
Gia c l : cc lp o ti phn l ch c ngha khi Chiu di (CD) gia c
khc 0.

Hnh 2-2. Khai cc lp o ng
Mun khai bo thm 1 lp bm chut vo dng di ca bng sau nhp
Tn lp v Cao lp ti cc tng ng pha trn. S lp nhiu nht l 8. Cn xo
dng no th chn dng l hin thi v n phm Del.
2.5. Khai bo vt bn, vt hu c v b rng nh cp

Trc khi vt bn phi khai bo
vt bn, Trc khi nh vt hu c
phi khai bo vt hu c nu
khng Nova_TDN s nhn nhm
din tch gia vt bn v vt hu
c. Hnh 2-3
Hnh 2-3. Khai bo vt bn v nh cp
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Chng 3. Nhp s liu
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
M hnh a hnh dng tnh ton xc nh cao im bt k trn m
hnh t nhin trong Nova -TDN l m hnh tam giac c xy dng da trn:
Cc cao im t nhin (im cao trnh)
Cc ng ng mc ca bn v bnh .
xy dng m hnh cn phi nhp cc s liu kho st a hnh.
3.1. Th vin vt a hnh
Trc khi tin hnh nhp cc im cao trnh. Chng phi xy dng th
vin a vt. Nova -TDN c sn mt s a vt, tuy nhin c th b sung bng
cch chn mc Th vin vt a hnh.
Trc khi mun thm 1 a vt vo th vin phi v:
Hnh chiu ng ca vt (Hnh ny s c chn trn trc ngang).
Hnh chiu bng ca vt (Hnh ny s c chn trn bn v bnh ).
Hnh phi cnh ca vt (Hnh ny s c chn vo khi v Dng phi
cnh a vt ).
Hnh chiu bng c v vi kch thc nh mun th hin n ngoi giy vi
qui nh 1 n v v=1mm ngoi giy. Sau hnh s c chn vi t l cn thit.
Hnh chiu ng v Hnh phi cnh phi c v vi kch thc thc vi qui
Sau khi chn Th vin vt a hnh xut hin ca s nh trn Hnh 3-1.

nh 1 n v v = 1n v ngoi thc t.

chn phm
Hnh 3-1. To th vin a vt
Hnh chiu ng ca vt l bt buc. Ch khi to th vin hnh chiu ng
mi c th chn hnh chiu b nh ph ng ng. Mun chn hoc
thm th vin
ng v h i cnh t
hoc tng ng. Sau s xut
hin dng nhc:
16
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
t Zoom khi chn i tng/Khi phc i tng: C/<im c s>: Yu cu ch
im c s l im gc ca qu trnh chn vt sau ny. Tip theo:
im th nht : Ch im 1.
im th hai : Ch im 2.
im 1 v im 2 l vng ca s Window chn cc i tng to thnh hnh chiu
ca vt.
Mi vt sau khi c thm vo th vin s c t ng nh s hiu. Sau ny khi
nhp im cao trnh s hiu phi c nhp ng theo S hiu trong Th vin vt a
hnh.
3.2. H to gi nh
3.2.1. Khai bo H to gi nh
Trc khi vo nhp cc im cao trnh phi tin hnh khai bo H to
gi nh bao gm Gc hng bc v to ca HTG ti gc 0,0 ca WCS bng
cch chn mc Khai bo ca Menu a hnh. V d nh trn Hnh 3-2. gc hng
bc so vi trc X ca WCS l 45 v to ca HTG ti gc 0,0 ca WCS l
326750,506900.

Hnh 3-2. Khai bo h to ca HTG
Nu to c xc nh theo HTG th nn cho gi tr to ca
HTG ti gc 0,0 ca h WCS ca AutoCAD sao cho vng v khng nm xa
qu gc 0,0 ca h WCS -AutoCAD v gc hng bc ca HTG. Gi tr ca
gc hng bc c khai bo sao cho bn v bnh s c v nm ngang theo
WCS ca AutoCAD trnh vic xoay bn v khi in, nu khng th cc ch in
trn bn v s khng nm ngang bi v lc in n lun nm ngang vi WCS ca
AutoCAD.
Tip theo phi cho khong dch ca phi cnh vi gi tr Del X v Del Y
ln cho hnh phi cnh nm ra ngoi vng ca bn v bnh nhm trnh
vic chng cho hnh phi cnh ln trn bn v bnh .
17
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
3.2.2. To li khng ch mt bng
Cc T to Theo chiu X v Theo chiu Y to ca HTG
, cn cho gi tr bc ri v s hng ri theo tng chiu. Gi tr bc c th
m cho php ri trong cc cung phn t khc nhau ca h to .
Hnh
3-3
Hnh 3-3. Ri li khng ch mt bng

3.3. Nhp cc im cao trnh t nhin
3.3.1. nh ngha trm my
Cc im t my sau khi tin hnh bnh sai tin hnh nhp vo bn v
bng cch chn mc nh ngha trm my.
Nova -TDN cho php t cc trm my chnh v my ph.

1. t my chnh

Hnh 3-4. Hp thoi t my chnh

Khi chn t my chnh ca s nhp nh trn Hnh 3-4. To a
vo c th l theo HTG hoc theo H to ca AutoCAD. Trong trng hp
nu chn vo phm s xut hin dng nhc:
18
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
Ch im t my: 345.4,1256.4 To a vo l ca AutoCAD cho
nn nu ang chn HTG th Nova -TDN s t ng chuyn n v HTG
sau khi nhp.
Cao TN l cao t nhin ti im t my.
Sau khi nhp xong chn v v tin hnh nhp tip.

2. t my ph
Nu chn t my ph th ca s nhp s nh trn Hnh 3-5.
Khong cch c tnh t mc qui 0 ti im t my ph tnh theo phng
nm ngang.
Gc c xc nh bi hng qui 0 ca mc qui 0 v hng t mc qui 0 ti
im t my ph tnh theo chiu kim ng h.

Hnh 3-5. t my ph
3.3.2. Chuyn i my ton c in t

Hnh 3-6 Chuyn i my ton c in t

Sau khi o c trc a bng my ton c in t, Nova -TDN cho php
chuyn i s liu to cc im cao trnh khi thit k tuyn.
19
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
Trc khi chn Menu To cc im cao trnh t tp s liu th hin cc
im cao trnh trn bn v cn phi chuyn i s liu o bng my ton c in
t bng cch chn Chuyn i my ton c in t. Khi xut hin hp thoi
nh Hnh 3-6.
Trc tin hy chn Loi my Khi xut hin danh sch loi my
ton c . c th chn mt trong cc loi my :

* Leica TC600/TC800 hoc Leica TPS 1000 . Sau chn Loi 8 k
t hoc Loi 16 k t .

* Nikkon DTM400-DTM700 .
File d liu xut t my Nikkon DTM400-DTM700 c phn m
rng l (*.RAW) dng y bao gm m my, s hiu im, chiu cao b my,
gc ng, gc nm, chiu di c mia, ghi ch.

* S hiu to Nikkon (ENZ) .
File d liu xut t my Nikkon DTM400-DTM700 c phn m
rng l (*.ENZ) dng chuyn i sang to im o bao gm s hiu im,
to X, ta Y, cao Z, ghi ch theo h to gi nh.
Tip theo chn Tp gc chn tp gc , khi xut hin hp thoi
OPEN, chn tp s liu o bng my o ton c in t cn chuyn i (tp c
phn m rng .gsi). cho my Leica; (*.700) hoc(*.RAW) cho my Nikkon;
(*.ENZ) cho dng thc chuyn i to . Sau chn ti Tp ch
chuyn n tp mi (t tn cho tp cn chuyn n) ri chn open.
Khi tr li hp thoi bn hy chn chc nng Convert . Hnh 3-6

Lu : Khi Convert nu dng thc file chuyn i ng, chng
trnh s thng bo s im cao trnh c chuyn i. Nu thy thng bo 0 c
ngha l file d liu chuyn i t my ton c ra my tnh cha ph hp
chuyn sang Nova-TDN. (Tt nht bn chn chc nng chuyn i dng to )
Tip theo chn chc nng V im, chng trnh s thng bo s im
v trn mn hnh.
Sau khi chuyn i xong hy chn Thot kt thc cng vic chuyn
i.

3.3.3. To im cao trnh t s o ton c
Chn mc To im cao trnh t s o nh trn Hnh 3-7. Vi Gc nm
tnh t mc qui 0 theo chiu kim ng h. Gc ng tnh t phng thng ng. S
xc nh cao im cn nhp th hin trn Hnh 3-8 v .
Sau khi nhp ht s liu im ca ao bm vo tin hnh ni
thnh 1 ng a tuyn th hin ao v danh sch im s c tnh t u khi
bt u vo lnh hoc t thi im chn vo . Nu phm c
20
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
nh du th a tuyn s c khp kn. Chn phm s xut hin Th
vin vt a hnh cho php chn s hiu vt a hnh nu khng nh.

Hnh 3-7. Nhp cc im ton c
Mc qui 0
Mc my
Gc nm
im cn nhp

Hnh 3-8. Hnh chiu bng nhp im
Chiu di c mia=23.4
Gc ng=92d30'
C
h
i
u

c
a
o

m
y
C
h
i
u

c
a
o

m
i
a
=
1
.
3
5
Y

Hnh 3-9. Hnh chiu ng

- Nhp theo ghi s o kiu di c mia: khi cn nhp cc thng s sau:
Gc ng, gc nm, cao mia (m) v di c mia (m)
Cng thc tnh:
21
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
Cng thc tnh cao v khong cch nm ngang:
- Chiu di :

SAB = k.n.cos Vpl
Di c mia
- Chiu cao:
H = S.tgV+i l
Trong :
SAB L chiu di nm
ngang gia hai im A,B
Di xin
i Chiu cao my
l Chiu cao mia
V Gc gia tia ngm
(ch gia) v phng nm
ngang
o theo kiu 3 dy

3.3.4. To a hnh nh
T s o ton c trch ra phn cc im gc nh v s dng To a hnh
nh v v sau ny c th dng phi cnh nh hin trng nh chc nng Dng
phi cnh a vt. Mt bng nh c to bi 4 im, trong qu trnh nhp c
th nhp c 4 im hoc 3 im hoc s dng cc im ca cc nh c nhp
trc. Trn Hnh 3-10 l hp hi thoi nhp s liu to gc nh.

Hnh 3-10. Nhp to gc nh

Phn nhp s liu t s o tng t phn To im cao trnh t s o. Ngoi
ra c th nhp im bng cch ch im trn bn v khi s dng phm
22
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
. Mun to im trong bn v dng phm . Sau khi c
3 hoc 4 im c to bm vo phm to nh. Nu ch c 3 im
nu to nh th im th 4 s c t ng xc nh theo nguyn tc hnh bnh
hnh cho nn c th to c nh theo v tr mong mun dng phm
chn v tr cho thch hp.
Vi phm c th chn 1 nh c to trong bn v nhm mc
ch s dng cc im gc ca n xc nh to ca nh cn nhp. cng c
th chn 1 nh trong danh sch Nh nhp. Ti cc nh ca nh c chn s
xut hin cc k hiu P1,P2,P3 v P4 v nh du cc nh tng ng trn Hp
hi thoi hnh 6.10 nhm mc ch chn cc nh ny to nh mi.

3.3.5. Nhp cc im cao trnh t tp
Cu trc tp *.TXT gm c 4 ct sp xp theo th t:
Ct tn im (tng ng vi mc Ghi ch ca cc phn nhp im c
ni trn).
To X
To Y
Cao Z ca im
Ngoi ra nu cn cc ct sau th ni dung ca cc ct ny s khng c
c vo. Mu tp s liu c th xem trong tp ToanDacDT.TXT. Sau khi chn tp
s xut hin ca s nh Hnh 3-11 yu cu chn h to ca s liu. Nu chn
H to AutoCAD th s theo h to hin thi ca bn v. Mun thc hin
lnh chn mc To im cao trnh t tp s liu.

Hnh 3-11. Chn h to

Lu : i vi cc my ton c in t khc nhau cn phi chuyn i
s liu sao cho ph hp vi dng tp va cp trn.
3.3.6. To cc im cao trnh
cn 1 cch khc nhp cc im cao trnh l chn To cc im cao
trnh. Nh trn Error! Reference source not found. c th nhp to im
theo:
To ca HTG hoc To tuyt i ca AutoCAD (To hin
thi). Lc ny phi cho to X v Y ca im.
23
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
Nu trong h to cc cn nhp Khong cch v Gc theo trc X ca
h to .
Nu ang chn hoc th c th
thay i H to hin thi bng cch chn vo phm . Xut hin
dng nhc Select Object: yu cu chn i tng LINE hoc PLINE ca bn v
nh ngha h to vi gc to l im u hoc cui ca chng m gn v
tr chn i tng nht v hng trc X ti im cn li ca LINE hoc nh gn
im gc ca PLINE. Nu chn vo cc th gc to s l tim cc.
Khi c th ch im theo to AutoCAD bng
cch chn .

Hnh 3-12. To cc im cao trnh
3.3.7. Hiu chnh cc im cao trnh
Cho php thay i cc thuc tnh ca im cao trnh. Trng hp nu
im cao trnh c gi tr m th cao im s khng c tnh ti trong trng
hp Xy dng m hnh li b mt mc d trong bn v vn c im . To X
va Y dng lnh AutoCAD thay i. Ca s hiu chnh xem Hnh 3-13.

Hnh 3-13. Hiu chnh im cao trnh
24
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
3.3.8. Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh trong c s d liu
S dng Bt hoc Tt cc im cao trnh trong c s d liu thc cht l
nhm loi cc cao trnh ca cng trnh nhn o ra khi qu trnh Xy dng m
hnh li b mt cho vic v ng ng mc hoc l B mt t nhin ng vi
thc t.
u tin s xut hin dng nhc Select Objects: Yu cu chn cc i
tng cn hiu chnh.
Bng cch t hp 3 yu t: Ghi ch, Ch s v Cao c th Bt hoc Tt
cc im cao trnh tho mn iu kin cn thit. Ca s Bt/Tt xem Hnh 3-14 .
Nu c nh du th cc cao trnh c chn s b loi khi bn v.

Hnh 3-14. Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh
3.4. Nhp ng ng mc
nhp ng ng mc t bn v bnh (bn ) chn Nhp ng
ng mc. Sau khi nhp vo cao cc dng nhc cho php v ng ng mc.
C th cc dng nhc xem mc Pline.

Hnh 3-15. Nhp cao ng mc
25
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
3.5. nh ngha ng ng mc hoc ng mp
3.5.1. nh ngha ng ng mc
Khi c sn 1 bn v bnh c nhp vo trc c th c Cao Z
hoc Z=0 vi iu kin cc ng ng mc c th hin bng lnh PLINE hoc
3DPOLY chuyn sang dng ng ng mc ca Nova -TDN cn phi nh
ngha ng ng mc. Sau khi chn cc ng a tuyn s xut hin ca s nh .
Trong trng hp nh ngha ng ng mc nu c nh
du th cao ng ng mc s ly theo cao Z ca i tng cn nu khng
phi nhp cao vo v cc i tng c chn s c cng 1 cao .

Hnh 3-16Hnh 3-16. nh ngha ng ng mc
3.5.2. nh ngha ng mp
Sau khi c m hnh t nhin di dng cc im cao trnh in v ni
cc im cao trnh ni cc ng cng ghi ch nhm mc ch th hin cc
ng mp ao, b knh, mp ng ... tuy nhin sau ny dng chc nng Xy
dng m hnh li b mt v V li b mt t nhin vn khng th m t c
l cc ng mp bi v cc im o trn ng mp qu cch xa nhau do
cn phi s dng chc nng nh ngha ng mp nhm pht sinh thm s im
trn ng mp b sung vo s liu o. S im ph thuc vo khong cch m
a vo nh Hnh 3-17.

Hnh 3-17. nh ngha ng mp

Lu : Sau ny khi thit k tuyn c phn o cng phi nh ngha cc
ng mp luy ca tuyn ng va thit k c to bi chc nng Phi cnh
26
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
tuyn ng thit k bng chc nng ny trc khi Xy dng m hnh li b mt
nhm mc ch v li b mt t nhin.
3.6. Nhp tuyn theo TCVN
Thc cht ca vic nhp tuyn theo TCVN chnh l nhp cc im cao trnh
nhng ph hp vi qu trnh o theo mt ct ca tuyn.
3.6.1. Nhp s liu theo TCVN
Sau khi chn Nhp s liu theo TCVN s xut hin ca s nh Hnh 3-18.

1. Nhp trc dc :

-Ti ct Tn cc cn lu : cc cc T (hoc TD), P v TC phi c u tin
nhp Nova -TDN c th phn bit c on cong. Nu nhp Tn cc
T1+H1 s l khng hp l.

Hnh 3-18.Nhp s liu theo TCVN
Trong trng hp TC1 ca on cong u trng vi TD2 ca on cong tip th
vn phi nhp 2 cc TC1 v TD2 vi khong cch l gia chng bng 0. Mt ct
ngang ca TD2 khng nht thit phi nhp. Ti ng cong chuyn tip ti im
ni u nht thit phi c tn cc l ND v ti im ni cui nht thit phi c tn
cc l NC
27
Chng 3. Nhp s liu

Hnh 3-19. la chn kiu d liu
Trc khi nhp trc dc-trc ngang phi chn kiu nhp khong cch gia cc
cc trn trc dc v khong cch gia cc im mia theo khong cch l hay cng
dn, cao im mia trn trc ngang theo chnh cao hay cao t nhin.
Dng nhp gc cho php chn kiu nhp gc chn cung cho thun tin.
Xem hnh Hnh 3-19

Hp thoi m nhn dng cho php thay i tn cc cc ti cc on cong khi thy
cn thit nu khng mc nh tn cc c bit nh trong hp thoi Hnh 3-20

Hnh 3-20 . M nhn dng

Trn Hnh 3-21 c th tnh cc thng s cho ng cong chuyn tip hoc
ng cong trn khi thit k tuyn nhm xc nh chiu di na on cong nht l
khi on cong c chiu di on chuyn u v on chuyn tip cui khc nhau.

28
Chng 3. Nhp s liu

Hnh 3-21. tnh cc thng s chung

Khi nhp xong d liu trc dc, trc ngang trng hp cao ton tuyn b
sai do cao mc sai, cn thit phi nng hoc h cao ca tt c cc cc trn
tuyn th nhp khong cao cn nng hay h vo nng cao trong hp thoi
v chn phm nhn. Hnh 3-22
Hnh 3-22. nng cao cc
-Ti ct KCch c th nhp theo khong cch l hoc cng dn.
-Ti ct Cao TN nhp cao t nhin ti cc tng ng.

-Ti ct Cao TK nhp cao thit k ti cc tng ng nu bit trc.
Sau ny khi v trc dc t nhin s dng chc nng Ni cao ng mt
k ng .
-Ti ct Gc chn cung cn phi nhp vo gc thay i hng tuyn ti cc.
Mc nh 180:0:0 ngha l tuyn vn i thng. Nu hng tuyn thay i th nhp
vo gi tr gc c tnh theo chiu kim ng h so vi cc trc , xem
. Ring i vi T,P v TC gc hng tuyn c nhp ti cc P. C th xem
phn minh ho nhp cho ng.
Hnh
3-23

29
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
Hng tuyn
Cc ang nhp
Gc thay i hng tuyn
+

Hnh 3-23 .Gc hng tuyn
-Ti ct bn knh i vi ng cong trn khng phi nhp R cn ng
cong chuyn tip nht thit phi nhp bn knh Nova_TDN xc nh v tr cc
TD v TC ca n cong.

2.Nhp trc ngang:
Mun hin hoc tt phn nhp trc ngang bm vo phm Trc ngang trong
menu th hin.
-Ct KCch cho php nhp khong cch gia cc im mia theo khong cch
l hoc khong cch dn tnh t tim cc sang phi hoc sang tri. Nu l khong
cch l th phi c nh du.
-Ct Cao cho php nhp cao tuyt i ca im mia hoc l cao
tng i gia im mia sau so vi im mia trc. Nu nhp theo cao tng
i th phi c nh du.
-Ti ct F.code nhp s th t ca s hiu vt trong th vin vt a hnh. c
th m th vin Vt a hnh xem s th t ca k hiu a vt. Trc phi
xy dng Th vin vt a hnh cho y , bao gm hnh chiu ng, hnh chiu
bng v phi cnh.
Hnh chiu ng s c chn trn bn v trc ngang. Kch thc ca
n thng theo kch thc tht ca vt.
Hnh chiu bng s c chn ln bn v bnh v thng chng l
cc k hiu a vt. Kch thc ca chng thng c v bng kch
thc m mun th hin trn giy (1mm=1n v v).
Hnh phi cnh s c chn khi Dng phi cnh a vt. L hnh 3
chiu v kch thc ca chng theo kch thc thc.
- Ct M t dng nhp ghi ch cc im mia nhm mc ch sau ny c
th ni cc im mia cng ghi ch li vi nhau. Nu ghi ch l 1 hoc MT th
Nova -TDN s hiu l mp nha bn tri v 2 hoc MP c hiu l mp nha
phi ca ng c c sn. khi v trc ngang trn s th hin ng c

3.Cch nhp s liu
Trong bng nhp s liu trc dc v trc ngang c th:
- Copy tng , mt hoc nhiu hng, ct bng cch dng chut bi en
vng s liu cn copy n phm Ctrl+C copy Ctrl+V dn
- Khi cn xo hng, ct dng lnh Cut
3.6.2. To im cao trnh t trc ngang
Trong qu trnh V tuyn theo TCVN c th thc hin lun vic dn cc
im mia thnh cc im cao trnh hoc nu khng thc hin To im cao
30
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
trnh t trc ngang dn cc cao trnh c nhp theo Nhp s liu theo
TCVN. S d cn phi dn cao trnh l nhm mc ch xy dng m hnh t nhin
phc v cho vic chn cc, pht sinh cc mi v v li b mt t nhin sau
ny. Nu thy khng cn thit th khng cn phi thc hin lnh ny.
3.6.3. Chuyn i tp s liu

Hnh 3-24. Chuyn i tp s liu

Trn Hnh 3-24 Cho php chuyn i t tp d liu tuyn t file (*.ntd ) ra
EXCEL di hai dng:
- Tp s liu trc dc (*.dpf)
- Tp s liu trc ngang (*.dcf).
Ngc li cng c th nhp s liu trc dc_trc ngang t EXCEL ri
chuyn sang file (*.ntd) thit k.
3.6.4. Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp
Sau khi chn Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp s xut hin hp hi thoi nh
yu cu chn h to m mun to cc im cao trnh theo h
. Sau yu cu cho tn tp ghi ra. Chc nng ny nhm mc ch phc v
cc yu cu ring bit ca ngi s dng.
Hnh 3-25
Hnh 3-25. chn kiu to

31
Chng 3. Nhp s liu
3.7. Xy dng m hnh li b mt
Vic Xy dng m hnh li b mt l c bit quan trng phc v cho
vic thit k tip theo. Gi s c tp s liu ToanDac.TXT gm to ca cc
im cao trnh ca vng cn thit k theo H to AutoCAD. Sau khi To im
cao trnh t tp s liu theo HTG hoc h to AutoCAD. c th dng
Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh hoc ch ng bao a hnh v cc l thng loi cc
im cao lm nh hng ti m hnh a hnh (V d cc im cao trnh ca
cng trnh nhn to). Vic chn l thng c bit quan trng trong trng hp
chng cn v ng ng mc t tp hp cc im cao trnh. ng bao a
hnh v l thng c th hin trn Hnh 3-26. Khi chn lnh s xut hin dng
nhc Select Objects: yu cu chn tp hp cc im cao trnh hoc cc ng
ng mc c a vo t bn v bnh nh c cp trn. Sau cn
phi ch ng bao a hnh nu c - l 1 ng PLINE do v t trc, nu
khng c th c th n ENTER b qua. Tip theo phi ch cc l thng (l
vng m mun loi cc cao im ra khi vic xy dng m hnh) v im bn
trong ca n. Cc l thng do to bng PLINE trc . Cc l thng cng
khng nht thit bt buc phi c.

ng bao a hnh
L thng

Hnh 3-26 .Xy dng m hnh a hnh
Sau khi Xy dng m hnh a hnh c th bit c cao t nhin ca
bt c mt im no trong vng m va ch ra bng cch chn mc Tra cu
cao t nhin.
Lu : Cc l thng khng c giao nhau hoc c cnh ng bin nm
trng ln nhau.
32
Chng 5. Thit k trc dc
Chng 4. V a hnh hin trng
4.1. in v ni cc im cao trnh
Sau khi chn in v ni cc im cao trnh c th thc hin vic in
gi tr cao , ni cc ng cng ghi ch v chn vt a hnh(hnh chiu
bng) cho cc im cao trnh c chn. Sau khi xut hin dng nhc
SelectObjects: cn chn cc im cao trnh. Khi chn xong s xut hin
hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4-1. Nu chn vi Chn tt c
th tt c cc im c cng ghi ch c chn s c ni vi nhau, cn nu ch
chn 1 loi ghi ch no th ch cc im c ghi ch mi c ni. Nu
chn th cc cao trnh c chn s c ni vi nhau. Th t ni
theo th t tng dn ca S hiu im m n li c nh s t ng theo
chiu tng dn. ng ni c to ra s l ng 3DPOLY.

Hnh 4-1. in v ni cc im cao trnh
Nu mc c nh du th cc hnh chiu bng tng
ng vi cc s hiu vt s c chn vo.
Phn cho php in gi tr cao ca cc im cao trnh
theo kiu cng hng hoc phn nguyn v phn l lch hng nhau nhng du
chm thp phn lun trng vi to X v Y ca im cn in. c th xem
trn Hnh 4-2. Sau khi thc hin xong bn v bnh c th tt cc im cao
trnh bng cch tt cc lp tng ng ca n.

NOVA-TDN HNG DN S DNG
57

Hnh 4-2. on tuyn c in v ni theo ghi ch
4.2. V ng ng mc
To ng ng mc t s liu cc im cao trnh. cho vic v cc
ng ng mc c th theo ca ngi s dng th vic chn cc im cao
trnh v vng xy dng m hnh li l quan trng. Vic chn phi m bo sao
cho Nova -TDN khng to ra cc b mt t nhin nm ngoi mun ca mnh.
Do c th phi xy dng m hnh li b mt mt s ln sau mi ln phi
thc hin vic v ng ng mc ngay. Hoc l to ng bao ngoi v cc
vng thng trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh li b mt nh c cp
trong mc Xy dng m hnh li b mt. Sau khi chn mc V ng ng mc
s xut hin ca s nh Hnh 4-3. Gi tr l gi tr m cc
ng ng mc bt u c v v l gi tr gc tnh cao ca cc ng
tip theo ph thuc vo gi tr ca bc cao m nhp vo ti
. l s ng ng mc m b
cch khng in gi tr cao . Theo s liu nhp vo cc mc ca ng ng
mc s l 20,20.5,21,21.5 ... v c 5 ng th 1 ng c in gi tr cao
(bt u t mc 20). l khong cch gia cc gi tr
cao ca 1 ng ng mc c in. Kt qu c cc ng ng mc
nh trn Hnh 4-4.

Hnh 4-3. Nhp bc ng mc
58

Hnh 4-4. Kt qu ca v ng ng mc
4.3. Dng phi cnh a vt
Sau khi nhp cc im cao trnh c S hiu vt tng ng vi Th
vin vt a hnh v nhp nh vi cc khai bo y s c hnh phi cnh
hin trng nh Hnh 4-5.

Hnh 4-5. Phi cnh a vt

Cc bc dng phi cnh
- Chn menu: Bnh / Dng phi cnh tuyn thit k. Kt thc phn ny ta
thy xut hin ng bao kn trn mt bng tuyn v ton b li ng
thit k (nm pha trn khu v bnh )
- Chn memu: a hnh/ nh ngha ng ng mc v ng mp: sau khi
chn lnh dng con tr chut chon vo ng bao kn v to tn mt bng
tuyn phn trn ri chn kiu ng mp v kt thc lnh bng chn phm
OK trong hp thoi.
- Chn tip menu: Bnh / Xy dng m hnh li b mt. Ln lt chn
ng bao , l thng nu c( nu khng c ng bao hoc l thng th nhn
phm ENTER. (ch lm theo cc dng nhc lnh trn dng nhc
Command)
59
- Chn menu: Bnh / v li b mt t nhin
- Chn menu: Bnh / Hot cnh 3D:
- Khi thy xut hin hp thoi Hot cnh 3D Hnh 4-6 nhn phm phi chut vo
dng M hnh sau chn dng khi to v chn ton b khu vc li m hnh
b mt.i cho khi no khi to xong cc mt 3D tip tc nhn phm phi chut
vo khu vc c hnh va khi to chn mu nn, nh sng, mu sc...

Hnh 4-6. Hot cnh 3D
- Chy theo hnh trnh
Chn menu: Bnh / chy theo hnh trnh. Sau khi nhp lnh Nhn
&thi trn hp thoi Hnh 4-7 dng con tr chut chn vo mt trong 3
ng c mu trng gia phn ng thit k ta s to c hot cnh theo
hnh trnh ging nh ang i to trn ng. Ghi ra file AVI dng khi cn
thit trnh din theo hot cnh m khng cn n Nova_TDN
60

Hnh 4-7. Hot cnh theo hnh trnh
4.4. Thit k tuyn
4.4.1. Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh
Trc khi bt tay vo cng vic thit k hoc nhp s liu cc im cao
trnh nh cp trn phi tin hnh khai bo mt s thng s cn thit
bng cch thc hin lnh Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh. Trn Hnh 4-8
l ca s khai bo. u tin phi chn tiu chun thit k, c th l:
Tiu chun Vit nam
Tiu chun AASHTO 1
Tiu chun AASHTO 2
Tiu chun AASHTO 3
Tiu chun AASHTO 4
ng b tng nng thn
i theo chng l vic thay i mu thit k trc ngang, tiu chun v
ng cong nm v cc din tch cn xc nh...

61

Hnh 4-8. Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh
l chiu cao ca ch cn in trn bnh vi
cho cc k hiu cc v cho
cc gi tr s trong bn v bnh .
l chiu cao cc thuc tnh ca im cao trnh, v sau
ny khng in ra giy cho nn n thng phi nh hn cc thuc tnh ca
chng khng b in chng cho ln nhau.
Nu c nh du th cc gi tr gc thay i
hng tuyn in trn bn v s theo gi tr ca gc chuyn hng, cn ngc
li s l gi tr gc =180-Gc chuyn hng.

62

Hnh 4-9. Khai bo tuyn thit k.
Vic tip theo l phi khai bo tuyn v chn tuyn hin hnh. Nova -
TDN cho php thit k nhiu tuyn trong 1 bn v, tuy nhin trong qu trnh
thit k ch c 1 tuyn hin hnh v qu trnh thit k thng ch tc ng i
vi tuyn hin hnh cho nn khi mun thit k tuyn khc th phi a n v
hin hnh bng cch chn vo dng ng vi tuyn mun chn sau phm
.
ng vi mi tuyn cn phi khai bo mt s thng s cn thit v mt
ct chun ca n. Ca s khai bo nh Hnh 4-9 s xut hin khi chn phm
hoc phm . Ti y cn khai bo:
L trnh u ca tuyn cn thit k - n chnh l l trnh ti gc tuyn.
Vn tc thit k, da vo n c th tra cc yu t ng cong nm
theo tiu chun tng ng.

Dc phn cch
Dc mt
Dc l
Rng mt Rng l
Khong vt l
C
a
o

m
p

l
Rng phn cch

Rng rnh
C
a
o

r
n
h
C
a
o

m
p

l
m

Hnh 4-10. Cc thng s mt ct chun
63
T v taluy T v taluy

Hnh 4-11. V ta luy TC AASHTO

Tip theo cn khai bo cc thng s mt ct chun vi kch thc ca
chng th hin trn Hnh 4-9. Gi tr cao mp l c th dng hoc m. Ring
i vi tiu chun AASHTO chiu dy ca lp Asphal1 bng gi tr tuyt i
ca cao mp l. i vi mu mt ct trong AASHTO1 phi nhp thm khong
T v u luy. Trong trng hp nu khng thit k ng y rnh tri
hoc phi v cao mp ngoi ca l so vi t nhin m nh hn gi tr cao
rnh th Nova -TDN s t ng b tr rnh theo kch thc rnh khai, luy
rnh ly theo luy o.
Cao ng : 62.27
Cao hon thin: 62.57
2
1
2
1
3.50 3.50
2% 2%
2.00 2.00

Hnh 4-12 . Dch nh trc ngang thit k.
i vi cc ct ngang trong on c b tr siu cao nu khng mun
thay i dc l pha lng ca on cong trong qu trnh p trc ngang th
nh du vo mc gi nguyn dc l lng, gi nguyn dc l bng trong on
c siu cao
Trong trng hp nu cao hon thin khc cao thit k ng
trn trc dc th cho gi tr khc 0 nh Hnh 4-10.
4.4.2. Vch tuyn v nh ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn
Tin hnh vch tuyn trong vng xy dng m hnh a hnh bng
cch s dng lnh PLINE ca AutoCAD. Sau khi c ng tim tuyn nu
cha khai bo gc tuyn hoc gc tuyn nm khng ng v tr mong mun th
thc hin chc nng Khai bo gc tuyn nh ngha.

64

Hnh 4-13. nh ngha ng mt bng tuyn
Sau khi c gc tuyn mi nh ngha c cc ng mt bng
tuyn bng cch thc hin nh ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn u tin s
xut hin dng nhc SelectObjects: yu cu chn cc ng cn nh ngha v
sau khi chn xong s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4-13. chn vo
nh ngha tim tuyn. c th nh ngha cc ng khc nh
mp phn cch, mp xe chy v mp l m sau ny c th da vo khong
cch gia chng xc nh rng mt, rng phn cch v rng l trong qu
trnh thit k trc ngang.
Sau khi nh ngha xong cc ng PLINE v nhiu nh s b cht ra
tng on nn phi lu khi vch tuyn sao cho cc on l ch ni t nh
ti nh trnh trng hp ti ch gc chuyn hng =0 cng c 1 nh.
4.4.3. B tr ng cong v siu cao
Trc khi thit k ng cong c th chn cc yu t cong theo TCVN
4054-85 hoc TCVN 4054-98 bng cch chn vo File > chn file tiu chun
cn tra cu.
Sau khi nh ngha tim tuyn phi tin hnh b tr ng cong nm
ti cc nh bng cch thc hin mc B tr ng cong v siu cao. Xut hin
dng nhc:
Chn cnh th nht hoc on cong cn sa: yu cu chn cnh th
nht hoc on cong cn thay i yu t cong. Nu chn ng cong th
khng th thay i bn knh ca n m ch thay i c cc yu t cong v
siu cao. Cho nn nu cn thay i bn knh th phi xo n i v sau chn
vo on thng ca tuyn. Nu chn on thng ca tuyn th s xu hin
dng nhc tip theo:
Chn cnh th hai: Yu cu chn on thng th 2.
Nova-TND cho php b tr ng cong chuyn tip hoc khng chuyn
tip nh Error! Reference source not found.. cn phi nhp cc yu t cong
v siu cao, nu mun ly theo tiu chun th chn vo phm .
Lc ny s l cc gi tr theo tiu chun v c th chnh li.
Sau khi chn kiu ng cong cho bn knh ca ng cong. Nu
mun bit gi tr bn knh ti thiu th chn v bn knh ti thiu ca
65
ng cong s c tnh theo H s lc ngang m nhp vo ti hp hi thoi
Error! Reference source not found.. Khi c bn knh cn bit chiu di
on ni ti thiu th chn . Chiu di on ni ti thiu c xc
nh ph thuc vo dc ph sn lng khi c b tr siu cao. dc ph
cn phi nhp vo ti hp hi thoi Hnh 4-14.

Hnh 4-14. B tr cong nm v siu cao

L chuyn tip
N
L
c
h
u
y
n
ti
p
TC
Hng tuyn
T
NC

N
a
n
i c
u
i
Na ni u
on ni u
Hng tuyn
P
n
n
i c
u
i
TC
T
Hnh 4-15. ng cong khng chuyn tip
Hnh 4-16 . ng cong chuyn tip

66
Cc yu t cong th hin nh trn Hnh 4-15 v Hnh 4-17. i vi
ng cong khng chuyn tip gi tr ca na ni u v na ni cui s quyt
nh v tr ca on ni trong on cong. V d nu na ni u bng mt na
on ni u ngha l on ni c b tr i xng so vi T.
Trong trng hp ng cong khng chuyn tip nu cc on cong
cng chiu c b tr gn nhau v c 1 phn on ni giao nhau nh trn
. cn phi nhp vo khong cch ca cc on c phn giao nhau vi
on cong khc. Cc yu t cong trong phn giao nhau s c ly theo on
cong nm k nu c.
Hnh
4-17
Hnh 4-17. on cong cng chiu
Hng tuyn
T1
P1
TC1=T2
P2
TC2
on ni cui 1
on ni u 2
on giao cui 1
on giao u 2

Nu c m rng th n s c b tr trng vi on ni hoc on
chuyn tip. Khi c m rng nu c nh du th kch
thc l s khng b thay i trong on cong. Nu khng th phi cho gi tr
l ng ti thiu khi ny do c m rng kch thc l ng s b gim v l
ti thiu s bng gi tr a vo.

Hnh 4-18. H s lc ngang

Hnh 4-19. dc ph
67
Quay quanh nh
Quay quanh mp ngoi phn xe chy
Quay quanh l Dc 2 mi

Hnh 4-20. Cc kiu tm quay ca dc 1 mi
Trong trng hp nu th sau khi t dc 1 mi trong
on chuyn i c 2 mi s cng quay quanh 1 tm. Cc kiu tm quay th
hin nh trn Hnh 4-20.
Quay quanh nh - tm quay s l giao im ca mt ng dc 2 mi
v tim tuyn. Tim tuyn c th khng trng vi tim cc nu khong dch
nh trn bnh l khc 0.
Quay quanh mp ngoi phn xe chy - l v tr ng vi mp ngoi ca
mt ng khi cha c m rng v dc l dc 2 mi.
Quay quanh l - ng vi mp ngoi ca l khi cha c m rng v dc
l dc 2 mi.
4.4.4. Pht sinh v chn cc
Sau khi xc nh xong tim tuyn tin hnh pht sinh cc hoc chn
thm cc cc theo a hnh bng cch chn Pht sinh cc hoc Chn cc. Nu
chn Pht sinh cc s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4-21.

Hnh 4-21. Pht sinh cc
cn phi nhp khong cch gia cc cc cn pht sinh. Nu chn
th ch pht sinh trong tng on cc b. Trong qu trnh pht
sinh cc hoc chn cc nu cha xy dng m hnh a hnh th Nova-TDN s
t ng xy dng m hnh t tp hp cc im cao trnh v cc ng ng
mc c trong bn v. Nu khng c cc im cao trnh hoc ng ng mc
th cao cc s bng 0 v khng c cc im mia ca cc, nu cn thit th
thc hin Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia a vo.
68
Nu chn Nova_TDN s nhn s liu t tp *.ntd v chn
cc vo tuyn trn bnh

i vi cc cc ti v tr c bit c th thm vo bng cch thc hin
Chn cc mi. c th thm cc ti 1 l trnh no hoc theo khonh cch
dn tnh t l trnh gc hoc bng cch ch v tr trn tuyn hoc trn trc dc
bng cch chn cc phm hoc tng ng.Hnh 4-22

Hnh 4-22. Chn cc
4.4.5. V tuyn theo TCVN
Sau khi Nhp s liu theo TCVN v ghi s liu ra tp *.ntd ( c
th nhp t chng trnh TOPO) no c th V tuyn theo TCVN. Thc
cht ca lnh ny l tin hnh vch tuyn v dn cc im cao trnh ti cc im
mia tng ng theo s liu nhp. Sau khi chn tp s liu tng ng s
xut hin hp hi thoi nh trn Hnh 4-23. V tr ca gc tuyn c xc nh
theo H to gi nh v hng tuyn ti im gc c xc nh theo Gc
phng v. Nu mun xc nh v tr ca gc tuyn theo h to UCS ca
AutoCAD th chn . Nu nt c nh du th cc
im cao trnh s c dn ti v tr cc im mia tng ng, nu khng sau ny
cn dn cc im cao trnh ti cc im mia th thc hin To im cao trnh
t trc ngang.
Nu chn th cc yu t cong v siu cao
s c b tr theo tiu chun, nu khng nh du th cc on cong s cha
c b tr yu t cong v siu cao nu cn thit th sau ny thc hin B tr
ng cong v siu cao b tr.

69

Hnh 4-23. Nhp gc tuyn
4.4.6. Xc nh khong lch cc so vi tuyn
Trong qu trnh chnh li hng tuyn c th xy ra trng hp tim cc
cm ngoi hin trng khng nm trn ng tim tuyn mi do cn xc
nh li khong lch ca tim cc so vi tim tuyn bng cch thc hin Xc nh
khong lch cc so vi tuyn. Do dch chnh nn v tr trc ngang c s khng
vung gc vi tim mi na. Trong trng hp khong lch l nh th
khng cn phi xc nh li gi tr cc im mia ca trc ngang, nu khng
phi thc hin Xc nh li s liu mia. Trn l m t khong lch cc so vi
tuyn.
Tim ng mi
Tim ng c
K
h
o
n
g

l
c
h

c
c
Tim cc

Hnh 4-24. Khong lch cc so vi tuyn
4.4.7. Xc nh li s liu mia
Sau khi pht sinh cc hoc chn cc nu c s thay i v mt a
hnh t nhin nh l b sung thm s liu o th phi thc hin Xc nh li s
liu mia bng cch chn t cc u n cc cui trong khong cn xc nh li
hoc l chn Hnh 4-25 xc nh cc cc nm gia 2 im m
s ch trn tuyn.
70

Hnh 4-25. Chn cc xc nh li s liu mia
4.4.8. Tu chn

Hnh 4-26. Tu chn
Hnh
4-26
Khi cn thay i b rng ni suy cc im mia sang hai pha ca trc
ngang hoc trng hp cc im mia trn trc ngang qu dy cn t ng loi
bt theo mun hy chn menu Tu chn. Khi xut hin hp thoi
ri nhp vo cc tng ng vi cc gi tr cn thit.
loi b bt im mia c nhp hai thng s khong cch v
chnh dc max.
4.4.9. Xo tuyn hoc cc
Vic chn cc xo tng t nh vic chn cc Xc nh li s liu
mia ngoi ra nu c nh du th c th xo ton b cc
trn tuyn v ng tim tuyn.
cng c th tin hnh xo cc hoc tim tuyn bng cch thc hin lnh
ERASE ca AutoCAD.
4.4.10. Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia
Trong qu trnh thit k c th vi chnh li s liu cc im mia ca cc
thuc tuyn hin thi bng cch thc hin Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia. Sau
khi thc hin lnh s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4-27. Tuy nhin lc ny
s liu s c ly ca tuyn hin thi trong bn v ln v sau khi hiu chnh
71
xong s cp nht li cho tuyn. Cng c th ghi li s liu hiu chnh ra tp
*.ntd nh trong phn nhp s liu trc dc - trc ngang. Hnh 8-18

Hnh 4-27 .Chn cc xc nh li s liu mia
4.4.11. Tra cu s liu cc
Chc nng ny cho php xem kim tra s liu thit k ti tng cc.
Nh trn Hnh 4-28 c cc s liu t nhin, s liu thit k v gi tr din tch
ca ti tng cc. Da vo n c th kim tra li s liu thit k.

72

Hnh 4-28. S liu ti cc
4.4.12. Xut bng to cc

Vi chc nng ny s c bng to tim cc trong H to gi nh
hoc UCS ca AutoCAD nh Hnh 4-29.

Bng to cc

Hnh 4-29. To cc
73
4.5. V mt bng tuyn
4.5.1. Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v trc ngang chun
S dng chc nng ny s c mt bng tuyn bao gm cc ng mp
ca di phn cch, mp ngoi phn xe chy, mp l theo cc yu t cong v kch
thc ca trc ngang chun. Nu sau ny trong qu trnh thit k nu cn phi
da vo mt bng tuyn (nh l thit k on dng xe) th c th th hin li
vng bng cch thit k mt bng tuyn, cn thit c th s dng nh
ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn nh ngha. Sau ny khi thit k trc ngang
c th da vo mt bng tuyn xc nh cc kch thc nh l b rng mt
ng, l ng hoc di phn cch.
Trong qu trnh v Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v trc ngang chun
cn phi chn cc on tuyn ri rc. Nu mun cho ton b tuyn th ti dng
nhc Selest Objects: chn All.
Kt qu c hnh v nh Hnh 4-30
on dng xe

Hnh 4-30.Thit k li mt bng tuyn
4.5.2. Mt bng tuyn t trc ngang
Sau khi c trc ngang thit k c th th hin li n trn mt bng
tuyn bng cch nh du vo nhng mc cn thit trong hp hi thoi

Hnh
4-31
Hnh 4-31. Cc ng th hin mt bng

74
4.5.3. in yu t cong
Chc nng ny dng in cc yu t cong ca cc on cong trn
tuyn nh l gc chuyn hng, bn knh, khong phn.... Ca s hp hi thoi
nh trn Hnh 4-33.

Hnh 4-32. in yu t cong
4.5.4. in tn cc trn tuyn
c th in tn cc v mt bn hoc so le theo tim tuyn v cch tuyn
1 khong no bng cch chn vo cc mc ca hp hi thoi Hnh 4-33 .

Hnh 4-33 . Chn kiu in tn cc
4.5.5. in cao cc
Khi chn chc nng ny s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4-34. Cho
php in gi tr cao ti cc v chn vng trn k hiu cc.
Lu : Vch on thng k hiu cc trn tuyn khng c xo m cho
kch thc ca n nh li (xem phn Khai bo v thay i tuyn thit k).

75

Hnh 4-34. in cao cc
4.5.6. Xut bng cm cong
Chc nng ny cho php lp c cc bng to cc im trn on
cong theo 2 phng php:

Hnh 4-35. Chn kiu cm cong
Theo to vung gc
Theo to cc
Cc gi tr trong bng c xc nh t 2 u ca on cong tin dn vo
gia tuyn vi bc khong cch m nhp vo trong
vi trng hp nu khng cm theo cc. Nu chn th cc gi
tr s ng vi tng cc trong on cong m chn dng nhc Select Objects:.

76
Ti LT Km:0+197.99
T LT Km:0+10.09
Bng cm cong
Ti LT Km:0+197.99
T LT Km:0+10.09
Bng cm cong
Cm v tr cc theo to vung gc Cm theo khong cch 10m theo to cc

Hnh 4-36
S liu cm cong theo 2 phng php ca cng 1 on cong vi 2
phng n cm theo cc v khong cch.

Trn Hnh 4-37 v d s liu cm cong ca cng 1 on cong theo 2
phng php. Hnh 4-36 l th hin cc gi tr trong bng theo cc phng
php cm cong.
Khong cch cm theo tuyn
y1
x1
x2
y2
T
y
x
Khong cch cm theo tuyn
T
x
y2
y
G
c
1
G
c
2
K
C
1
K
C
2
Cm cong theo to vung gc Cm cong theo to cc

Hnh 4-37. Cc phng php cm cong
4.5.7. Bng yu t cong
Chc nng ny cho php lp bng cc yu t cong ca cc on cong
trong tuyn nh trn . Hnh 4-39
77

Hnh 4-38. Bng yu t cong
4.5.8. Xut s liu cc on cong
Vi chc nng ny cn phi chn cc on cong v cho tn tp xut ra.
ng vi mi on cong s c cc thng s c xut ra n sau:
L trnh u:0.010093
L trnh cui:0.197987
Gc chuyn hng: 15d48'5''
Bn knh:500.0000
Chiu di on chuyn tip:50.0000
To nh: X=183.3666 Y=63.4440
To im u: X=276.7388 Y=77.4307
To im cui: X=89.7142 Y=75.4116
4.5.9. Tra v in k hiu l trnh
Trc khi tra v in l trnh cn phi nhp khong chnh lch gia l
trnh mi so vi l trnh c (nu c) chn menu bnh > Chnh l trnh c v
mi Hnh 4-39.
Trong hp hi thoi nh trn Hnh 4-40 cho php in k hiu l trnh
theo l trnh ti tt c cc cc hoc ch ti cc cc H hoc cc cc ND, TD, P,
TC, NC trong on cong nm.

Hnh 4-39. Nhp chnh l trnh

Cng c th in ti mt cc no chn theo cc hoc theo
khong cch cng dn chn K/C dn.
78
l gi tr khong cch t du mi tn k hiu l
trnh ti tim tuyn.
chn in k hiu Km: th trc gi tr l trnh c thm k hiu Km
Vd: Km 2+300, nu khng s ch ghi gi tr l trnh vd: 2+300
Mun l trnh xut hin trn mn hnh th nh du vo mc
.

Hnh 4-40. .in l trnh
4.5.10. Tra l trnh
Chc nng ny cho php tra cu l trnh ti bt c 1 im no trn
tuyn. Nu im ch khng nm trn tuyn th l trnh l ti im chn ng
vung gc t im ch ti tuyn.
4.6. Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k
4.6.1. Dng phi cch

Hnh 4-41. Dng phi cnh tuyn ng thit k
79

Vi chc nng Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k c th dng phi cnh b
mt ca tuyn thit k m ct ngang ca n xc nh theo mt ct chun hoc l
ly t trc ngang.
Hnh 4-41 Trong trng hp nn nh du vo
to thm mt s cc trong on cong nm v cong ng
cho tuyn c trn.
Trong qu trnh dng phi cnh c th to ng hnh trnh ca hot
cnh bng cch cho cao ca mt so vi mt ng thit k v khong lch
ca tim phn ng xe chy so vi tim cc nhm mc ch dng hot cnh sau
ny. ng thi s to ng mp chn luy trn mt bng sau ny. Trc khi v
li b mt t nhin cn phi nh ngha ng chn ta luy trn l ng mp
( menu nh ngha ng ng mc hoc ng mp - Hnh 4-42 ) v l l
thng nh cp trn.

Hnh 4-42. nh ngha ng mp
Sau khi to xong ng mp tin hnh xy dng li m hnh li b mt
t nhin ri chn ng mp (bao kn) l l thng. Hnh 4-43

Hnh 4-43. Dng phi cnh tuyn
80
4.6.2. V li b mt t nhin
Chc nng V li b mt t nhin nhm to li b mt t nhin t
tp hp im cao trnh c chn trong qu trnh Xy dng m hnh li
b mt. Kt qu c nh trn Error! Reference source not
found.Nu trn tuyn c phn o c th khot b phn t nhin bng cch
nh ngha ng chn luy c to khi dng phi cnh l ng mp. Sau
khi Xy dng m hnh li b mt chn n l l thng, bc tip theo thc
hin chc nng ny th s c b mt t nhin nh .
Hnh 4-44
Hnh 4-44. Phi cnh tuyn

4.6.3. Hot cnh 3D

Nova-TDN s dng cng ngh OpenGL m t thc ti o ca ton b
khu vc thit k bao gm : b mt t nhin v ton b con ng thit k v cc
a vt 3 chiu khc cng nh to ra s chuyn ng trn tuyn ng .

81

Hnh 4-45. Phi cnh tuyn
Trn l hp thoi khi to hot cnh 3D, chn phm phi chut vo
dng M hnh sau chn Khi to > chn ton b tuyn thit k v li t
nhin. Lc Nova_TDN bt u thc hin vic to mt 3D cho ton b li
tam gic v mt ng thit k. Sau khi to xong trn hp thoi hin ton b
tuyn trong bn phi hp thoi. C th s dng cc menu biu tng th
hin ton cnh tuyn thit k theo cc gc , hng nhn khc nhau..
Hnh 4-35
4.6.4. Chy theo hnh trnh
Khi chn Bnh \ To hot cnh \ Chy theo hnh trnh xut hin
hp thoi Hnh 4-46 trn ca s lnh xut hin dng nhc chn ng
3DPOLYLINE chy theo hnh trnh. Lc dng chut chn vo u
ng 3D Polyline. Sau s xut hin ca s trnh din, ca s cho hnh nh
ng ging nh ang i dc theo tuyn ng. C th quan st ton b a
hnh hai bn ng cng vi cc a vt c chn vo xem Hnh 4-47.
Mun dng hoc tip tc chy hot cnh dng bm phm Space.
Mun tc dch chuyn nhanh hay chm dng cc phm mi tn ln,
xung trn bn phm.
Mun thm cc i tng a vt 3D nh cy, n, ... trn tuyn th m
th vin a vt ri chn i tng 3D vo tuyn ri chn nt thm vo m
hnh . khi to hot cnh trn tuyn s c thm cc i tng 3D.

82

Hnh 4-46. hp thoi tu chn

Hnh 4-47. hot cnh theo hnh trnh

Nu cn trnh duyt hot cnh 3D chn ghi Ra file AVI (*.avi)
83
84
Trc dc t nhin
1.1.1. Trc dc t nhin

Sau khi c tuyn v cc trn tuyn c th v trc dc t nhin. Khi
chn Trc dc t nhin s xut hin hp hi thoi nh
Tr-ng hp tuyn di nhiu Km bng cch chn n
ct trc dc ra nhiu on. Trong qu trnh ct trc dc ra nhiu
on cn l-u :
Hnh 5-1 V trc dc t nhin
Hnh 5-1 V trc dc t nhin
Hnh 5-1
Ch khi v on u tin mi xut hin dng nhc im bt u v: yu cu
ch im gc ca on trc dc u tin cn cc on sau s c b tr trn
thng hng vi on trc. Cho nn sau ny trong qu trnh thit k khng
c dng lnh ca AutoCAD lm thay i lch hng cc on trc dc ca
cng 1 tuyn.
Vic v trc dc phi c tin hnh t cc u cho n cc cui, nu gia
b qua mt s cc th s khng th v trc dc cho cc cc ny na tr khi
dng lnh AutoCAD xo cc on trc dc cho ti cc cc b b qua.
Vic ct on c gng khng nn ti v tr cn b tr ng cong ng.

Trong hp hi thoi l khong cch ti thiu
t gc trc dc cho ti v tr ng t nhin thp nht khi c in ra giy v ph
thuc vo khong cch Min Nova-TDN s t ng xc nh mc so snh cn
thit. Cn nu chn th phi nhp vo gi tr ca
n ph thuc vo chiu rng ca kh giy m mun in trc
dc. Vi phm c th kim tra li hoc thay i mu bng biu
trc dc.

85

Hnh 5-2. Trc dc t nhin khi chn T ng thay i mc so snh
Ch : l trnh u ca on tuyn thit k c khai bo trong phn khai
bo v thay i tuyn thit k
L trnh gc m cc gi tr khong cch cng dn s c tnh t y tr
i cho nn L trnh gc c th khng trng vi L trnh u ca n tuyn m
cp ti mc Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh. Mc nh t l trnh
gc trng vi l trnh u
Mun thay i l trnh gc phi chn nenu Thay bng trc dc
Nova_TDN cho php nhp l trnh gc trong ca s lnh trn dng nhc lnh
Command.
1.1.2. Lp a cht
Nu nhp chiu dy cc lp a cht trn trc dc th sau ny c th
xc nh c khi lng o nn v luy ca tng lp a cht.

Hnh 5-3. Nhp chiu dy cc lp a cht
Trn Hnh 5-3 chiu dy cc lp a cht c tnh th t t cao t
nhin. Nh vy s lp a cht MAX=5. Khi m 1 lp a cht no khng c
th cho chiu dy ca lp bng 0.
1.1.3. Thay i mc so snh v in mc so snh
i vi a hnh c s thay i ln v mt cao cn phi thay i mc
so snh sao cho c th v bn v trc dc vo va kh giy nh. Nu chn
86
khi v trc dc t nhin th vic t ng thay i mc so
snh s khng theo ca cho nn Thay i mc so snh bng cch ch t im
ti im s tt hn. Khi thay i mc so snh vn c th k c cc ng
thit k tuy nhin cc ng s b gy khc v s dn ti kh khn cho
khi b tr ng cong ng. Cho nn cng vic ny tt nht nn lm cui cng
nht trc khi bt u chun b in h s.
Lu : Sau khi dch chnh cc ng dng s khng ng v tr bng
nhng khng cn dng lnh AutoCAD hiu chnh, sau ny khi in thit
k trc dc chng s c v li.
1.1.4. Thay bng trc dc
Trong qu trnh thit k nu cn thay li mu bng trc dc th chn
Thay bng trc dc. Mi ln thc hin ch chn c 1 on trc dc thay
i. Nu trn trc dc in thit k th sau khi thay bng c th phi in
thit k li.
1.1.5. H to trc dc
Vi chc nng ny c th chuyn h to ca AutoCAD ti im sao
cho gc ca n theo phng X trng vi im ng vi l trnh u trn trc dc.
Nu ang trong h to ny khi c 1 im th gi tr X ca n chnh l
Khong cch dn.
Cc phng n ng v phng n ng
hin hnh
Trong qu trnh thit k trc dc Nova-TDN cho php thit k 3 phng
n ng khc nhau nhm mc ch so snh cc phng n tm ra phng
n ti u nht.
Trong tng phng n s bao gm:
Cao ng mt ng
Cao y rnh phi
Cao y rnh tri
Cao y nn ng

Hnh 5-4. Thay i phng n ng

87
Khi thit k ch c 1 phng n ng hin hnh nn trong qu trnh thit
k phi ch xem phng n ng no ang l hin hnh. thay i
phng n ng hin hnh thc hin Chn phng n ng hin
hnh. Sau s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 5-4 .
Trong qu trnh thay i phng n ng hin hnh nu c trc
ngang thit k th trc ngang thit k s t ng dch chnh theo cao thit k
ca phng n ng m va chn.
Thit k trc dc
1.1.6. Thit k trc dc

Vi chc nng ny c th thit k:
ng cao mt ng
ng cao y rnh phi
ng cao y rnh tri
ng cao y nn ng
ng cng dc phi
ng cng dc tri
Cc ng m Nova-TDN khng qun l nhng ngi thit k li
cn(ng khc).
Sau khi ch 1 im trn trc dc ti dng nhc T im: s xut hin hp
hi thoi nh Hnh 5-5.

Hnh 5-5. Nhp im u tin ca ng
Vic u tin l phi chn loi ng cn thit k ti hp danh sch
. Nu chn th c th thay i li cc bt
u ng nu khng th phi cho l trnh ca im bt u(mc nh s l
l trnh ti im m va ch).
88
Sau s l cao ti im m bt u. Nu bm vo phm
trong trng hp chn s c cao thit k c
ca ng thit k tng ng ti cc.
Sau khi nhp xong im u tin s xut hin dng nhc:
Undo/<im tip theo>: yu cu nhp im th 2 tip theo theo th t
tng dn ca to X.

Hnh 5-6 Nhp im tip theo ca ng
Khi ch im tip theo s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 5-6

To X ca im tip theo c th xc nh theo v tr cc hoc theo
khong cch l hoc l l trnh. To Y c th xc nh theo cao thit k
hoc dc.

Hnh 5-7 Cao cc cc trung gian
Trng hp nu bm vo phm c th kim tra li cao
thit k ca cc cc nm gia 2 im nh Hnh 5-7.

89
Sau khi k xong ng nu c trc ngang thit k th trc
ngang thit k s t ng dch chnh theo cao m va thit k.
1.1.7. ng cong ng
Nova-TDN cho php c th thit k ng cong ng theo dng:
ng cong trn
ng cong Parabn
Sau khi chn hai on ca ng thit k s xut hin hp hi thoi
nh Hnh 5-8 .
Khi thit k theo ng cong trn c th thit k theo hai cch:
- Xc nh theo bn knh cong: Chch con tr chut vo Bn knh v
nhp vo bn knh ca ng cong ng.
- Xc nh theo chiu di cn cong: Nu khng chch con tr chut vo
Bn knh th cong ng c xc nh theo chiu di khng ch on cong L

Hnh 5-8. Thit k ng cong ng
Nu chn cn phi nhp vo
nh c minh ho ti Hnh 5-9. Gi tr Y c tnh theo cng thc Y=(i1-
i2)*X
2
/(200*L).
Chiu di on cong L
L/2 L/2
Khong phn
X
Y
i2 % i1
%

Hnh 5-9. ng cong Parabn
Trong trng hp cn in lun yu t cong ln pha trn ng cong th
chn .
90
1.1.8. nh ngha ng thit k v lp a cht
Trong trng hp cn thit c th to cc ng a tuyn bng lnh
PLINE sau dng nh ngha ng thit k v lp a cht nh ngha
chng thnh cc ng thit k hoc cc lp a cht trn trc dc. Sau khi chn
xong cc ng cn nh ngha ti dng nhc Select Objects: s xut hin hp
hi thoi nh Hnh 5-10 cn chn loi ng mun nh ngha.
Lu : Khng th nh ngha c ng cao mt t 1 ng cong
v bng lnh PLINE.

Hnh 5-10. nh ngha ng thit k trc dc
1.1.9. Nhn li cao thit k
Trong qu trnh thit k ng trc dc nu s dng cc lnh ca
AutoCAD hiu chnh th Nova-TDN s khng bit l c s hiu chnh .
Cho nn cp nht li cc gi tr ca thit k trc dc th s dng Nhn li
cao thit k. Chc nng ny bao gm nhn li c cc lp a cht.
1.1.10.Hu cao thit k

Hnh 5-11. Hu cao thit k
91
Thc t khi xo cc ng thit k trn trc dc nhng cao thit
k ti cc cc vn cn tr phi chng Nhn li cao thit k nh c
cp trn hoc l chn chc nng Hu cao thit k. Sau khi chn s xut
hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 5-11 yu cu nh du cc kiu cao cn xo
ca phng n ng hin hnh.
1.1.11.Ni cao ng mt
Chc nng ny cho php v li ng cao mt theo phng n
ng hin hnh. V d nh khi Nhp s liu theo TCVN c nhp cao
thit k th cc cao ny s c gn cho cao mt ca phng n ng
1 khi mun th hin ng mt trn trc dc th phi s dng chc nng
ny.

Hnh 5-12. in thit k trc dc
1.1.12.in thit k
Vi chc nng ny c th in cc thng s thit k ca phng n
ng hin hnh. Sau khi chn trc dc cn in thit k s xut hin hp
hi thoi nh Hnh 5-12. y nu chn th dc
v khong cch s c th hin t nh ti nh nu khng chn th trong
khong c b tr ng cong ng s b tr ra.

Tnh s b din tch o p

Hnh 5-13. Tnh s b din tch
92
Sau khi thit k xong trc dc c th xc nh c s b din tch
o p theo mt ct chun m khai mc Khai bo tuyn thit k.
Khi chn Tnh s b din tch o p s xut hin hp hi thoi
cho php so snh cc phng n ng xt v gc din tch o
p.
Hnh
5-13

Cu v cng trn trc dc
1.1.13.t cu
Vi chc nng ny c th th hin c cu trn trc dc v sau ny th
hin n trn hnh phi cnh. Sau khi chn Cu s xut hin dng nhc T im:
phi ch mt im gn cc m v tr n s xc nh v tr bt u c cu. Tip
theo s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 5-14.
u tin chn loi cu mun th hin n trn hnh phi cnh. Tip theo
cho khong cch t cc m va ch ti m u tin ca cu.

Hnh 5-14. t cu
Sau khi nhp ht cc thng s cn thit s xut hin cc dng nhc:
Cao ca m 0 <4.93>:
Undo/Khong cch nhp <10.00>:
Cao tr<4.93>:
Yu cu phi cho bit:
Cao ca 2 m u, cui v cao tr
Khong cch gia cc nhp
Cc dng nhc s c lp i lp li cho n ht s nhp m a
vo.
1.1.14.t cng trn
Vi chc nng ny c th th hin c cng trn trn trc dc. Sau khi
chn Cng trn s xut hin dng nhc T im: phi ch mt im gn cc
93
m v tr n s xc nh v tr bt u ca cng. Tip theo s xut hin hp hi
thoi nh Hnh 5-15:

Hnh 5-15. t cng trn
Ging thu nc
i vi ng th cn phi th hin cc ging thu dc ng trn trc
dc. Cho nn mun th hin ging thu th phi a cc hng Ging thu, Tn
ging, cao y rnh ging vo trong bng trc dc khi Khai bo mu bng
trc dc.
Sau khi ti dng nhc T im: ch im bt u bn tri s xut hin
hp hi thoi Hnh 5-16. Ti y phi nhp v
nhm mc ch xc nh cao y rnh ging.

Hnh 5-16. To ging thu
94

95
im bt u
ng
Su Min ca rnh
Su Min ca rnh
Chiu su mp ging
Chiu rng ging
it
ip

Hnh 5-17. Cc thng s thit k ca ging thu
Sau khi nhp dc mp tri v mp phi dng phm xc
nh li cc khong cch tri v phi bt u t mp thu ti ging. Cc thng s
to ging thu c m t trn Hnh 5-17.
Chng 6. Thit k trc ngang
6.1. Trc ngang t nhin
6.1.1. Trc ngang t nhin

Sau khi chn Trc ngang t nhin xut hin hp hi thoi nh trn Hnh
10-1. Trn hp danh sch cc ch xut hin cc cc cha c th hin trc ngang.
Nova-TDN cho php v trc ngang vi 2 t l theo chiu X v chiu Y khc
nhau, s hng v s ct cc trc ngang b tr trong 1 t giy v khong cch
gia cc hng v cc ct tnh theo mm ngoi giy. Cc thng s khc xem trn
. Hnh 6-1
Hnh 6-1. V trc ngang t nhin

u trc ngang
Khong cch u c
Khong cch Min
im 1
im 2
Khong ly sang phi

Hnh 6-2. Cc thng s v trc ngang t nhin
96
Sau ny trong qu trnh thit k nu cn thay i mc so snh ca trc
ngang th s dng lnh STRETCH ca AutoCAD thay i. Lu khi chn
cc i tng ko dn cn phi ch ca s c v tr im 1 v 2 nh trn
. Hnh 6-2
Sau khi v xong cc trc ngang t nhin nu cn in mc so snh chn
in mc so snh trc ngang t nhin. S xut hin hp hi thoi yu cu chn
cc trc ngang cn in. Phn ghi ch mc so snh MSS: cn phi a vo
khi Khai bo mu bng trc dc v trc ngang.
6.1.2. ng c
Vic m t nn ng c c th a vo khi nhp s liu nh cp
phn Nhp s liu theo TCVN. Nu cha nhp vo th c th th hin n
bng cch thc hin chc nng ng c. Sau khi tr li cc dng nhc T
im: v Ti im: s c th hin nn ng c. Vic th hin ng c nhm
mc ch xc nh khi lng b vnh ng c khi thit k theo TCVN.
6.1.3. V cc lp a cht trc ngang
Nu chn V cc lp a cht trc ngang s xut hin hp hi thoi nh
, c th to cc ng th hin cc lp a cht trn trc ngang. Cc
lp a cht c th ng dng vi ng t nhin hoc ct ngang phng theo 1
trin dc. Sau khi th hin xong c th hiu chnh cho ph hp vi thc t
sau da vo chng tnh din tch o cc lp a cht.
Hnh 6-3
Hnh 6-3. V trc ngang cc lp a cht

6.2. Thit k trc ngang
Vic chn cc tiu chun khc nhau s xut hin cc hp hi thoi khc
nhau cho php thit k trc ngang ph hp vi tiu chun m chn.
6.1.4. Thit k trc ngang theo TCVN
Khi thit k trc ngang theo TCVN ch thit k th hin b mt ng
thit k cn thit k cc lp o nn ng xem mc p cc lp o ng theo
TCVN. Vi chc nng ny Nova-TDN cho php thit k trc ngang ti cc cc
97
vi cc kch thc thit mt,l, luy... khc vi mu trc ngang chun m khai
ti mc Khai bo v thay i tuyn thit k.
Sau khi chn Thit k trc ngang s xut hin hp hi thoi nh
. khai bo cc thng s thit k trc ngang chn nt Mt ct xut hin
hp thoi Hnh 6-5. Sau khi khai bo xong bm vo phm lu li
mi thay i vo tp khai bo hin thi.
Hnh
6-4
Hnh 6-4. Chn mu trc ngang thit k

Ti hp hi thoi Hnh 6-4 nu chn th trong nhng cc cn
thit k nu c thit k trc ngang th n s b xo v thit k li. Trong
trng hp chn Theo yu t cong th nhng cc nm trn on cong s c
dc v m rng ph hp vi v tr m n nm trong on cong. Nu chn
Theo mt bng tuyn nu c thit k mt bng tuyn nh cp mc V
mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v trc ngang chun cc kch thc ca di
phn cch, rng mt v rng l s c ly theo kch thc trn mt bng tuyn.

Hnh 6-5. Cc thng s trc ngang thit k
Trn Hnh 6-5 nu chn th cc gi tr s c ly
theo trc ngang chun m khai mc Khai bo tuyn thit k.
Trong trng hp nu c thit k rnh tri v rnh phi trn trc dc th
cao rnh s bng cao mp l tr i cao rnh trong trng hp c th b tr
c rnh.
Xut hin hp thoi sau:
98

Khai bo cc thng s taluy bao gm:
- Mi p
- Mi o
- Mi rnh
- Taluy a cht
Mi p:
Mc nh, nu cc thng s H dt c, B rt c, Dc dt c khc 0 th taluy
c v theo cc thng s ny, ngc li taluy c v theo khai bo Taluy
tri, phi: Nhp cc khong Delta X, Delta Y: im gc tnh l mp l
tri hoc phi.

99

Mi p:

Tng t mi p. Vi thng s su mp cui chuyn sang o c hiu nh
sau:Nu
y > su mp cui chuyn sang o, c b tr rnh o
y <= su mp cui chuyn sang o, khng b tr rnh o
Trong :
y = Y
T nhin
- Y
im cui taluy p
Hnh minh ha sau:

100

6.1.5. Thit k trc ngang theo AASHTO1
Khi chn Thit k trc ngang theo AASHTO1 s ng thi tin hnh
thit k b mt ng v khun nn ng ng thi cng mt lc. Ngoi cc
thng s m khai bo trong mt ct chun cn phi khai bo chiu dy ca
cc lp khun ng nh trn Hnh 6-6. Ring chiu dy lp Asphal 1 s ly
theo Cao mp l nh cp ti mc Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh.
Cc lp khun ng sau c v tch tri v phi khc nhau nhm mc ch
tnh din tch o p.
Lu : Lc ny cao mp l s c gi tr m.

Hnh 6-6. Thit k trc ngang theo AASHTO1
101
Tng t nh Thit k trc ngang theo AASHTO1 khi Thit k trc ngang
theo AASHTO2 cn phi nhp thm 1 s thng s khc nh trn Hnh 6-7.

Thit k trc ngang theo AASHTO1
Hnh 6-8. Khai bo cc thng s thit k nh TCVN. Ring khai bo
khun cho hai lp trn cng theo AASHTO ngha l chung cho c phn nn
ng mi v c b dy lp khun ly theo lp 1 v 2 ca khun trn nn ng
mi. T lp th 3 tr xung p khun nh TCVN (c k n khun trn nn
ng c).

102

Khi Thit k trc ngang theo AASHTO4 cc thng s thit k c nhp
theo hp thoi Hnh 6-9 bao gm c trc ngang thit k v chiu dy cc lp o
ng.


103


Ch : Trn Hnh 6-11 khong Rng vt l (*) 0.5 c khai bo theo
rng vt l khi khai bo trc ngang chun, cn rng vt l c khai bo theo
mt ct thit k Hnh 6-9.

Rng vt l 0.5 Rng vt l (*)0.5
Rng l 1.5

6.1.9. nh ngha thit k trc ngang
Trong qu trnh thit k trc ngang nu c mu trc ngang thit k no
m Nova-TDN khng th lm c th dng lnh PLINE ca AutoCAD to
ra cc i tng mt ng, l ng, luy... sau dng chc nng nh ngha
thit k trc ngang nh ngha. Trong qu trnh nh ngha ch c th nh
ngha c tng i tng mt m thi. Sau khi chn i tng s xut hin hp
hi thoi nh Hnh 6-12.

104

Hnh 6-12 Chn loi ng thit k trc ngang cn nh ngha
6.1.10. To a tuyn dc ti trc ngang
Chc nng ny cho php to c cc a tuyn bng cch nhp khong
cch v dc nhm mc ch nh ngha thit k trc ngang nh cp
trn. Sau khi chn s xut hin cc dng nhc sau:
im bt u v: Sau khi ch im bt u v s xut hin thng bo v
cao thit k v khong cch lch tim ca cc c trc ngang gn im m ch
nht.
Cao thit k mt:6.142 Lch tim thit k so vi cc:0.000
Cao im bt u<4.557>: cn phi cho cao ca im bt u v.
Khong lch tim<-1.972>: Khong lch tim - to Y.
Bt u v bn tri.
Undo/<Khong cch>:3 Nu ti dng nhc ny m gi tr khong cch
bng 0 th s xut hin dng nhc
Khong cch thng ng: cn phi cho cao ca bc.
Nu khong cch khc 0 s xut hin dng nhc:
dc %<2.00>: Yu cu cho dc.
Undo/<Khong cch>: Ti dng nhc ny nu n qu trnh s c
lp li cho pha bn phi.
Bt u v bn phi.
Undo/<Khong cch>:
6.1.11. To luy
i vi cc mu luy c bit th dng chc nng To luy to.
Chn l hoc mt pha cn to luy.
Select object: u tin phi chn l hoc nu khng c phn l th chn
mt ng pha cn to luy.
Cc dng nhc tip theo s l:
Undo/<Khong cch>: 1 Yu cu cho khong cch
dc %<100.00>: Nu trc m khong cch bng 0 th thay
dng nhc ny s l dng nhc Khong cch thng ng:
Cc dng nhc ny s c lp li cho n khi ti dng nhc
Undo/<Khong cch>: n .
105
6.3. p cc lp o ng theo TCVN
Vic p cc lp o ng c th tin hnh:
p t ng
Ch im

Hnh 6-13. p t ng cc lp o ng

Khi chn Nova-TDN s t ng b tr cc lp o ng trn
trc ngang vi s lp khun trn nn ng c c sn, khun trn nn mi
(khun m rng) v s lp ca gia c l m khai bo nh mc Khai bo cc
lp o ng theo TCVN. Nh trn Hnh 6-13 phi tr li mt s phn tu
chn. Trng hp trn trc ngang c th hin ng c nhng n s khng c
s dng li th nh du vo mc . i vi trc ngang c
gii phn cch nu nh du th mt ng tri v phi
s c ko di thm trong vng c gii phn cch v khun ng s c b
tr theo chng, th hin trn Hnh 6-14 .
106
To khun c phn phn cch
ng c khng dng c

Hnh 6-14 V d b tr khun ng

Trong trng hp chn phn Loi khun s sng ln nh
Trong trng hp ny l s p cc lp khun trn nn ng mi. Hnh 6-15
Hnh 6-15 . p khun ng bng cch ch im

Sau khi chn OK phi tr li mun to khun t u ti u bng cch
ch cc im ti cc dng nhc T im: v Ti im:
6.4. in thit k trc ngang
Tu theo tiu chun thit k cc trc ngang s c in theo cch ph
hp. Sau khi chn chc nng in thit k trc ngang s xut hin ca s nh
phi chn cc mc cn in. Trong trng hp trc ngang c
in thit k th vic in c s b xo i v tin hnh in li.
Hnh 6-16

107

Hnh 6-16. in thit k trc ngang
6.5. Khai bo vt bn + hu c v nh cp
Nova-TDN tch phn no vt thnh 2 mc l Vt bn v Vt hu c. Sau
ny din tch ca chng cng s c tch ra lm 2. Trong qu trnh vt bn v
hu c nu c ln rung th tnh ton b rng phn rung m s dng trong
tng trc ngang. Vic khai bo kiu vt v thng s vt nh Hnh 6-17 s
c s dng trong qu trnh to vt bn + hu c cho n khi thay i li.

Hnh 6-17. Khai bo vt bn v hu c
1.1.15.Vt bn v hu c
Lc ny phi tr li cc dng nhc:
Vt bn t im: im u tin bt u vt.
Ti im: im cui ca phn vt
1.1.16.T ng xc nh vt bn v hu c
Nu chn chc nng ny th Nova-TDN s tin hnh vt bn hoc hu
c t im chn luy tri ti chn luy phi ca cc trc ngang m chn.
1.1.17.nh cp
Sau khi khai bo b rng nh cp nh trn Hnh 6-17 phi cho im
u v im cui ca phn nh cp ti cc dng nhc:
108
nh cp t im: im u tin bt u nh cp.
Ti im: im cui ca nh cp.
1.1.18.T ng xc nh nh cp
Khi chn chc nng ny s xut hin hp thoi nh trn Hnh 6-18.
cn phi cho dc ti thiu cn nh cp.

Hnh 6-18 . T ng nh cp
1.1.19.To p taluy p
Lnh dng to lp p taluy p: c thc hin nh sau:
Thit k trc ngang->To p taluy p .

Cc cc c p taluy p c xc nh T cc - Ti cc,
Nhp chiu dy lp cp, Phn l s c p nu C phn l c nh
du.

109

6.6. Cc lnh hiu chnh trc ngang
6.1.12. Copy thit k trc ngang
Trong qu trnh thit k thng hay copy cc i tng thit k trc
ngang. Sau khi chn cc i tng cn copy ti dng nhc Select objects: nu
trong cc i tng c chn khng c i tng trc ngang thuc trc ngang
m Nova-TDN qun l s xut hin thm dng nhc:
Chn trc ngang.
Select objects: Yu cu phi chn trc ngang c ly lm chun.
Sau s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 6-19 phi chn gc chun
m cc i tng s c copy:
Copy theo cao mt ng. Lc ny im chun s ng vi im
cao mt ng thit k hin hnh trn trc ngang.
Copy theo cao y nn ng. Lc ny im chun s ng vi
im cao y nn ng thit k hin hnh trn trc ngang.
Copy theo im gc trc ngang l im ng vi cao trc ngang ti
mc so snh ca trc ngang.

Hnh 6-19. Chn gc chun Copy
6.1.13. Xa thit k trc ngang
Trong cc i tng m chn ti dng nhc Select objects: Nova-TDN
ch xo nhng i tng thit k trc ngang nh l mt, l, luy hoc khun
ng cn cc i tng khc s c gi nguyn.
6.1.14. Dch nh thit k trc ngang
Trong qu trnh thit k nu c nhu cu thay i tm thit k trc ngang
so vi tim tuyn v cao ng trn trc dc th s dng chc nng Dch
nh thit k trc ngang. Sau khi chn chc nng ny s xut hin hp hi thoi
nh Hnh 6-20
110
Nu chn th trc ngang thit k s c dch chuyn theo
phng Y trn trc ngang v to ng vi cao thit k mi s c nh
du ti v tr cc tng ng trn trc dc.
Nu chn th trc ngang thit k s c dch chuyn
theo phng X trn trc ngang v to ng vi tm thit k mi s c nh
du ti v tr cc tng ng trn bnh tuyn.

Hnh 6-20. Dch nh thit k trc ngang
Sau khi tin hnh dch chnh phi hiu chnh li trc dc thit k hoc
ng tim tuyn cho ph hp. Trong trng hp nu chnh v tr tim tuyn th
sau phi tin hnh Xc nh khong lch cc so vi tuyn nh c
cp trn nhm mc ch xc nh li tm thit k ca cc trc ngang cn cha
c dch chnh. Nu thit k li ng trn trc dc n i qua im
c nh du trn trc dc th sau khi thit k xong cc trc ngang thit k s
c thay i cho ph hp vi cao mi.
6.1.15. H to trc ngang
Nu chn chc nng ny c th chuyn h to ca AutoCAD ti
im ng vi tim cc v cao 0 ca trc ngang m chn ti dng nhc:
Chn trc ngang.
Select object: Chn 1 i tng thuc trc ngang
Chc nng ny nhm phc v mt s nhu cu ca ngi s dng cn phi
v thm mt s i tng c bit khng thuc trong i tng ca Nova-TDN.
6.1.16. Thay bng trc ngang
Khi c nhu cu thay i mu bng biu ca trc ngang c th s dng
chc nng ny nhng trc cn phi Khai mu bng trc ngang li.
6.1.17. Hin trc ngang theo tn

111
Hnh 6-21. Chn trc ngang
Sau khi chn trc ngang cn hin ti hp hi thoi nh trn Hnh 6-21
th trc ngang ng vi tn chn s xut hin trn mn hnh AutoCAD.

6.7. Loi i tng khi Nova-TDN
Chc ngang ny l chung cho mi i tng ca Nova-TDN. Trong qu
trnh thit k nu cn Copy mt s i tng thuc Nova-TDN qun l lm
mt s vic no , trnh cho Nova-TDN khi nhn lm th phi tin hnh
loi cc i tng c copy ra khi s qun l ca Nova-TDN tr thnh 1
i tng bnh thng ca AutoCAD.
Ring i vi cc im cao trnh, ng ng mc nu cn copy qu
trnh nhp s liu c nhanh hn th khng cn phi thc hin chc nng ny.
6.8. Tra cu cc i tng ca Nova-TDN
Cho php c th bit c cc i tng thuc Nova-TDN.
112
Chng 7. Tnh ton din tch o p
7.1. Cc din tch c nh ngha trong Nova-
TDN
Phn ny yu cu ngi s dng phi xem k vic lp cng thc xc nh
kiu din tch m mnh mun nh ngha cho ph hp vi cch tnh ca Nova-
TDN.
7.1.1. Cc kiu din tch theo TCVN

o taluy phi
o rnh tri
Din tch di phn cch
o taluy tri o nn
o rnh phi

L

t
r
n
g

c

t
r
i
L

t
r
n
g

c

p
h
i
o nn
p nn
o rnh phi
o rnh tri=o taluy tri
p nn
o rnh phi=o taluy phi
p tr rnh phi

113
p nn
Vt bn hoc hu c

Din tch khun c
Din tch gia c
Din tch khun mi
Din tch gia c
ng c
B cp l
B cp khun mi
B cp khun c
B cp khun mi
B cp l

y khun ng
Din tch b vnh

o taluy phi
p ta luy phi
o l phi
p l tri
Khong chim dng tri Khong chim dng phi

Hnh 7-1. Tnh din tch theo TCVN

114
7.1.2. Cc kiu din tch theo AASHTO1
Din tch p nn
Din tch lp Base
Din tch lp SubBase
Din tch lp Top Soil
Na tri

Hnh 7-2. Tnh din tch theo AASHTO1
7.1.3. Cc kiu din tch theo AASHTO2
Na tri
Din tch lp Top Soil
Din tch lp SubBase
Din tch lp Base
Din tch lp Asphal2
Din tch lp Asphal1
Din tch p nn

Hnh 7-3. Tnh din tch theo AASHTO2
7.2. Tnh din tch
7.2.1. Tnh din tch theo TCVN
Sau khi chn Tnh din tch s xut hin hp hi thoi Hnh 7-4. Trong qu
trnh tnh ton c th s dng ng Pline th hin trc ngang t nhin trn trc
ngang bng cch nh du vo mc . Trong trng hp
ng t nhin b ct ra lm nhiu on th khng c ly.
Nu c th hin cc lp a cht trn trc ngang mun s dng chng trong
tnh din tch th nh du vo mc .

115

Hnh 7-4. Tnh din tch theo TCVN
Nova-TDN s xc nh cho mt lot cc loi din tch, c th xem trong
mc Tra cu cc.
7.2.2. Tnh din tch theo AASHTO
i vi trng hp thit k theo AASHTO th ch xut hin hp hi thoi
nh Hnh 7-5 yu cu chn trc ngang cn tnh din tch.

Hnh 7-5. Chn trc ngang
7.3. in gi tr din tch
Khi chn in gi tr din tch s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 7-6.
Nova-TDN cho php in cc gi tr din tch trn trc ngang theo 2 ct m v tr
ca chng c xc nh bi Khong cch X v Khong cch Y.
Mun in 1 mc din tch no th lm nh sau:
Chn vo mt hng trong ct Kiu din tch ca pha cn in xem
bng Hnh 7-6. Sau sa vo M t tn kiu din tch cn in.
Bm chut sang ct Cng thc tnh ca hng tng ng. Lc ny s
xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 7-7.
Cc loi din tch c nh ngha sn v c gi tr sau khi tin hnh
tnh din tch. Vic xy dng cng thc xc nh cc din tch cn in l
trc ngang by gi thc cht l gip Ngi thit k bc tch hoc la chn
kiu khi lng cn in ln trc ngang v lp bng tng hp khi lng
o p.

116

Hnh 7-6. Lp bng gi tr din tch cn in

Hnh 7-7. Xy dng cng thc xc nh din tch
7.4. Xut bng khi lng
7.4.1. Lp bng din tch
Khi chn Lp bng din tch s xut hin hp hi thoi Hnh 7-8. Vic lp
mc din tch ca ct trong bng tng t nh mc in gi tr din tch.
Khi lng o p c th c tnh theo cng thc trung bnh hoc hnh
nn ct:
KLng=(S1+S2)*0.5*KC.
KLng= 1/3*(S1+S2+ )*KC.
Vi : S1, S2 l 2 din tch thuc 2 trc ngang
KC - Gi tr khong cch gia 2 trc ngang.
Nu khi lng tnh theo cng thc trung bnh th nh du vo mc
.

117

Hnh 7-8. Lp bng din tch

Hnh 7-9. . Bng khi lng o p
Nu chn s xut hin dng nhc yu cu ch v tr t bng
sau s c bng nh Hnh 7-9. Nu cn thay i gi tr din tch no
chn 1 lnh no trong nhm lnh sa bng c cp sau.
7.4.2. Lp bng t gi tr in
Trong trng hp in cc gi tr din tch trn trc ngang sau khi vi
chnh li cc gi tr din tch trn trc ngang nu mun lp bng khi lng t
118
cc din tch c in trn trc ngang th chn mc Lp bng t gi tr in
lc ny s xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 7-10.

Hnh 7-10. Lp bng khi lng t gi tr trn trc ngang.
7.4.3. To v hiu chnh bng

Hnh 7-11. To v hiu chnh bng
Chc nng ny cho php :
-Sa cha ni dung ca bng bao gm : sa cha ni dung cc , cng
thc cc , cc dng tiu , thm hng hoc ct vo bng.
-To mt bng mi.
Sau khi chn s xut hin dng nhc:
Chn bng d liu cn hiu chnh <Bm Enter nu mun to bng mi!>:
1. Hiu chnh d liu bng: Pick chn vo bng cn sa s xut hin hp
thoi Hnh 7-11.
119
Sa cha ni dung cc : cho php thay i gi tr ca mt cch trc tip trn
hp thoi .
Cng thc ca ang chn c hin th trong phn hp thoi di y

c th sa cha, xo b, hoc nhp li cng thc cho (To cng thc tng
t cng thc nh trong Excel). Cng thc nhp vo c th l ch hoa, hoc thng.
: cho php thm mt hng mi vo cui bng, khi xut hin hp
thoi

Hnh 7-12. Thm hng

yu cu ngi s dng nhp s ca hng cn thm, mc nh l bng s
ca hng u tin trong bng.
* : cho php chn thm mt ct vo pha phi bng.
* : cho php to lp cc bin s dng trong bng, khi xut
hin hp thoi nh Hnh 7-12:

Hnh 7-13. Bin bng
Bng bin Hnh 7-13 hin th cc bin c trong bng va chn - nu c.
(Gm tn bin v gi tr ca n). Cc bin trong bng ny s c s dng trong
cc cng thc ca bng d liu. C th thm bt, xo (chn tn bin v bm phm
Delete), sa tn bin. Bng bin trn gm 9 dng, nu ht ch thm tn bin, Bm
phm Insert s b sung thm 10 dng na (mi ln bm). Tuy nhin, nu xo hoc
sa mt tn bin c mt trong mt cng thc no ca bng d liu, th bin
trong cng thc s coi bng 0 (v d: cng thc A1 : B1+10+K, nu xo bin K
th A1 = B1+10 ). Ch : Tn bin khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. Tn bin
120
khng c t tn trng tn . Nu mun s dng cc ch s trong tn bin th
thm du _ trc ch s. V d: A_1,KH_10 ..v.v..
* : Hnh 7-14 cho php xem ton b cc cng thc c trong
bng d liu. Khi xut hin hp thoi:

Hnh 7-14, Bng lp cng thc

Bng cng thc gip tm cc tham chiu vng (nu c). Khi v phi ca
cng thc c mt v tri (hoc trong cc con ca n) th xy ra hin tng tham
chiu vng th hin qua thng bo Hnh 7-15.

Hnh 7-15. Thng bo

lm kt qu tnh ton ca cc cng thc b sai.
Cc v d v tham chiu vng:
1) A1=A1+10; (A1 c mt c 2 v ca cng thc)
2)A1=B1+2.4+C2;
C2 = D1+3;
D1 = A1+2; (A1 dng tnh D1, D1 dng tnh C2, C2 li c mt
trong cng thc tnh A1)
C hai hm c s dng trong bng d liu l SUM ALL v SUM TO:
Hm SUM ALL: tnh tng ton b cc pha trn (tr cc c cng
thc l SUM ALL hoc SUM TO). V d: Ti B10 t SUM ALL, B10 s
bng tng cc t B9 n B1. Gi s B6 c cng thc SUM ALL(hoc
SUM TO) - th trong tng ny s tr ra B6.
121
Hm SUM TO : tnh tng cc t k trn n n c cng thc SUM
ALL (hoc SUM TO). V d: Ti B10 t SUM TO, B10 s bng tng cc
t B9 n B1. Gi s B6 c cng thc SUM ALL(hoc SUM TO) - th
B10 s bng tng cc t B9 n B7.

* : l s ch s thp phn sau du phy ca cc kt
qu tnh ton (ch khng phi ton bng).

* : nu c chn, s m rng hp thoi cho php sa cha cc
dng tiu ca bng (Gm 3 dng th hin qua phn m rng sau)

(Vic thay i chiu cao ch, kiu ch c thc hin thng qua lnh khc)
* : cho php xut bng ra tp text
(.TXT) Tn tp chn qua nt Chn Tp, s dng trong Excel.

2.To bng mi: Bm Enter ti dng nhc, xut hin hp thoi nh trc,
nhp d liu v cng thc (nu cn) vo cc .
: Chiu rng ca c bng.
: Chiu cao tng hng ca bng. Mc nh
Cao ch = 0.65 * Cao mi hng.
S ca mi hng s bng nhau v bng s ca hng c s ln nht ca bng
trong hp thoi. Nu b nh du th cc hng c s khc nhau
tu thuc vic nhp d liu vo cc trong bng ca hp thoi.
: Nu nh du chn s cho php to 3 dng tiu bng. (Trong
trng hp ny thng dng u tin ca bng c dng lm tiu cc ct).
Kt thc hp thoi , ch im chn bng trn mn hnh ca AutoCAD.

Bng to cc
ca cc 12
LT : Km00
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 n
7

Hnh 7-16. Cc Grips ca bng
122

Khi pick vo bng trn Hnh 7-16, s xut hin cc Grip (ti cc v tr nh
s nh trn hnh ) cho php thay i cc tham s ca bng:
Grip 1 s dng nh grip mc nh ca AutoCAD (move, copy).
Grip 2: Cho php thay i chiu cao cc hng trong bng.
Grip 6: Cho php thay i chiu rng cc hng trong bng - Thay i
rng ton bng, ng thi cc dng tiu bng cng thay i v tr n
gia bng.
Grip 7: Thay i chiu cao ch (khi ko theo chiu trc Y), thay i khe h
ch vi mp cc ct (khi ko theo chiu trc X).
Cc Grip 3,4,5 cho php thay i v tr ca cc hng tiu bng
Cc Grip 8,.. ,n cho php thay i chiu rng hai ct (dng theo Grip tng
ng) v khng lm thay i rng ca bng.
7.4.4. Hiu chnh bng
Chc nng ny cho php thay i ni dung hoc cng thc tng trong
bng, ng thi cng c th thay i cc thuc tnh khc ca bng : cc thuc tnh
ca text trong (mu, kiu ch, chiu cao ch , gc nghing k t, t l dn nn
k t, ch cn chnh - tri, phi gia). Cc thuc tnh ca bng ( mu ng
bao, mu ng li, k li trong bng, t l rng cc ca bng..v.v..)
Chn bng <Pick vo cn hiu chnh> : yu cu pick v cn hiu chnh
ni dung - cng thc. Khi xut hin hp thoi nh Hnh 7-17:

Hnh 7-17. Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca bng
Trong hp thoi trn hin th ni dung v cng thc ca n (Nu c cng
thc , th ni dung s m i khng cho php sa ni dung .Tuy nhin nu xo
cng thc, th c th sa cha c ni dung )
: nu c nh du chn, v sa cha l s th s ch s thp
phn sau du phy c ly theo quy nh ca AutoCAD.
Khi pick v nt s m rng hp thoi nh Hnh 7-18:

123

Hnh 7-18. Hiu chnh bng

Nu chn : cho php thay i kiu ch trong (Qua
) v t l rng ca (qua )
*T l rng : l tham s xc nh rng ca trong hng cha n so
vi cc khc cng hng.
V d: Hng 1 c 4 vi t l rng tng i ca cc l 1,1,1,1 (hoc
100,100,100,100 cng vy) th cc ny c rng thc t bng nhau.
Nu t l l 2,2,1,1 th hai u c rng bng nhau v gp i
rng 2 sau - Gi s rng hng la 120 th 2 u mi rng 40, 2 sau mi
rng 20. Ch : khi thay i t l rng khng lm thay i rng hng.
Nu chn : cho php thay i cc tham s trong ton bng gm :
Thay i cc thuc tnh ca Text: mu, kiu ch , cao ch..v.v..
Thay i cc thuc tnh ca bng: mu ng bao, li , chiu cao cc hng,
chiu rng cc hng..v.v. : nu chn s khng hin th cc s c
gi tr bng 0.
Nu chn : cho php thay i cc tham s ca hng tng ng vi
pick chn.
Nu chn mu ng bao vi gi tr bt k khc 256 th s to mt ng
bao cho hng.
124
Nu chn mu ng li vi gi tr bt k khc 256 th s b ng bao
ca hng (nu c).
Nu chn : cho php thay i cc tham s ca ct tng ng vi
pick chn (ch cn v kiu ch ca Text).
7.4.5. Thm bt hng ct bng
Chc nng ny cho php chn hoc xo hng, ct, trong bng. Sau khi
chn hoc xo, ton b h thng cng thc ca bng t ng hiu chnh li sao cho
gi tr cc khng b thay i. Trong trng hp xo, nu mun xo c mt
trong mt cng thc no th s khng xo c. Tng t hng hoc ct c
cha no (m n c mt trong mt cng thc no ) th cng khng xo
c hng hoc ct .
Sau khi chn s xut hin hp thoi nh Hnh 7-19:

Hnh 7-19. Thm bt hng ct bng

: Nu s nhp trong ln hn 0 th hng mi s c s ,
ngc li hng mi s c s bng s ca hng sp ch bng nt .
Hng mi c chn vo trc hng c ch.
: nu b nh du th ton b hng ca bng s c chn
thm mt mi - vo trc ch bng nt . Ngc li, ch nhng
hng c s bng s ca hng sp ch mi c chn thm .
Cc nt chn cn li s dng tng t.
7.4.6. Copy cng thc, d liu bng
Chc nng ny cho php sao chp cng thc t mt ti cc khc, cng
thc t ng hiu chnh theo to tng i ca sao chp n.
V d: B2=C2+A1+10; copy cng thc ca B2 n cc : B1,B3,C3.
Cng thc cc s l: B1 = (khng c cng thc),B3 = C3+A2+10,
C3 = D3+B2+10; B1 khng c cng thc do A1 khng c tng ng
(khng c A0) khi hiu chnh cng thc.
Cho php copy mt hng (gm ni dung cc v cng thc tng
ng) v chn vo trc hng sp ch. Cc cng thc c copy y
nguyn, khng hiu chnh. Hng mi chn s c ng bao.
125
Xem cng thc : ti cc c cng thc ca bng s hin th cng thc
ca . tr v trng thi nh c (khng hin th cng thc), c
th dng bt c lnh no ca bng (Pick chn bng -> kt thc lnh)
S dng: Xut hin hp thoi nh Hnh 7-20:

Hnh 7-20. Copy cng thc v d liu ca bng
Chn chc nng cn s dng ri pick nt , tu dng nhc
tng ng xut hin m x l tip.
7.4.7. Tch bng:
Chc nng ny cho php tch mt bng lm 2 bng ti hng s ch. Cc
cng thc ca bng th 2 c t ng hiu chnh.
Chn bng <Ti hng cn tch >: pick chn bng ti v tr hng cn tch,
hng ny s nm vo bng th 2.

Bng c Sau khi tch

7.4.8. Trch bng
Chc nng ny cho php trch mt phn t bng c thnh mt bng mi.
Bng mi khng c cng thc.
Sau khi chn chc nng ny phi pick chn bng ti mt , ch tip
theo, bng mi s gm cc ca bng c tnh ga hai trn.

th nht

126

Bng c

th 2

Bng sau khi tch

7.4.9. Xut bng ra tp TXT
Vi chc nng Xut bng ra tp TXT c th xut cc gi tr ca bng khi
lng ra mt tp *.TXT m v tr cc ct c cch nhau bi 1 du tab. Sau khi
xut ra tp *.TXT c th dng Excel m ra.
127
Chng 8. Trc ngang cng v cng chi tit
8.1. Trc ngang cng trn
Chc nng Trc ngang cng trn dng v trc ngang ca cng trn
ti cc cc c t cng cho nn ti cc bt buc phi c thit k trc ngang.
Nu thc hin s xut hp hi thoi nh Hnh 8-1. c th v cng lm
mi hoc cng cp thm. Sau khi nhp xong s liu cn phi bm phm
sau nhp vo s cng cn thit.

Hnh 8-1. Nhp trc ngang cng trn
cn phi khai bo kiu cng pha tri v pha phi ca trc ngang. Khi
chn vo danh sch ca mc Cng tri hoc Cng phi s xut hin hp hi
thoi Hnh 8-2 cn phi khai bo cc kch thc u cng.
Sau khi bm s xut hin dng nhc:
im bt u v: Ch im bt u v. Kt qu c trn Hnh 8-3ng vi
trng hp khng ni v c ni cng c.

128

Hnh 8-2 Khai bo kch thc cng

Hnh 8-3. Trc ngang cng trn.
8.2. Cng trn.
Chc nng Cng trn dng v bn v chi tit ca cng trn.
Xut hin dng nhc:
T l bn v 1:<50>: T l th hin cng trn.
Chiu cao t p nh cng(m)<1.00>: 1.4 Chiu cao tnh t mt
trn ng cng n b mt ng.
ng knh trong ca ng cng (cm)<10.00>:
Chiu dy ca ng cng (cm)<6.0>: 8
Chiu di 1 ng cng (cm)<100.0>:
Chiu rng khe ni ng cng (cm)<2.0>: Chiu rng khe ni gia
cc ng cng.
S ng cng tnh ra l 12.55 ng.
S ng cng cn lp t: 13
im bt u v: Ch im bt u v.
129
Pha phi thit k.
H t nc, cng tng cnh Cho hay tng Thng<Cheo>: Yu cu
cho bit pha phi lm h t nc, cng tng cnh cho hay tng cnh
thng. i vi tng cnh cho hoc tng cnh thng s xut hin cc
dng nhc:
Chiu di sn chng xi(m)<1.80>:
Chiu rng sn chng xi(m)<5.0>:

Hnh 8-4. Cng trn chi tit.
Dng nhc s lp li i vi pha tri:
Pha tri thit k. Pha tri thit k.
H t nc,cng tng cnh Cho hay tng Thng<Cheo>:H Yu
cu cho bit pha tri lm h t nc, cng tng cnh cho hay tng cnh
thng. i vi h t nc s xut hin cc dng nhc:
Chiu cao thnh pha trong ca h t(cm)<152.0>:
Chiu cao thnh pha ngoi ca h t(cm)<152.0>:
B rng ca h t(cm)<120>:
Kt qu c trn Hnh 8-4 cc phng n ca ng cng chi tit.

130

12.3.Cng bn.
Chc nng Cng bn dng v bn v chi tit ca cng bn. Khi chn
s xu
n y cng(m)<1.40>: Chiu
.
ng.
hiu dy ln nht ca to dc bn(cm)<13.0>:

t hin dng nhc:
Kh cng bn (kh nn)(m)<8.00>: Chiu di cng.
Chiu cao cng-t nh mt ng
cao tnh t mt ng n y cng
Khu thot nc(m)<1.00>:
Chiu di bn cng(m)<1.38>:
Chiu dy bn cng(cm)<15.0>: Dy tm b t
Dc b mt cng(%)<2.0>: Dc mt ng.
C

/Khong)<Co>: Nu tr li Co s xut
h
5.0>:
C
.0>:

)<Co>: Nu tr li c t
gi g
m)<20.0>:

Hnh 8-5. Cng bn chi tit.
C lm chn khng(Co
hin thm cc dng nhc:
C iu cao chn(cm)<68.0>:
B dy chn(cm)<2
c dng nhc tip theo:
Chiu su chn tng(cm)<90
B dy tng(cm)<45.0>:
Chiu su chn mng(cm)<60.0>:
B dy mng tng(cm)<65.0>:
C t ging chng khng?(Co/Khong
n chng th s xut hin dng nhc sau:
Chiu cao ging chng(cm)<30.0>:
Chiu rng ging chng(c
S ging chng <4>:
Cc dng nhc tip theo:
131
ng)<Co>:
im bt u v: Ch im bt u v. Kt qu c trn Hnh 8-5.
nng Cu to mng cng dng v bn v cu to mng cng ca
cng t
) chia t l chnh.
0.0>:
im bt u v: Ch im bt u v. Kt qu c trn Hnh 8-6.
C gia c mng khng?(Co/Kho
T l xut ra giy 1:<50.0>:

12.4.Cu to mng cng.
Chc
rn.
Xut hin dng nhc:
T l bn v 1:<50>: T l chnh ca bn v.
H s v phng <2.0>: bng t l chi tit (1:25
ng knh trong ca ng cng(cm)<10
Chiu dy ca ng cng(cm)<6.0>:

Hnh 8-6. Cu to mng cng.
132
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
9.1. Pline
Chc nng ny gn tng t nh lnh PLINE tuy nhin ch c khc 2 phn
tu chn:
Properties phn tu chn ny cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca i
tng theo 1 i tng c chn dng nhc Select object:
Offset phn tu chn ny cho php ch 1 im dng nhc Offset Point: m
t im Offset s xc nh im cn nhp.
Khi bt u lnh s xut hin dng nhc:
Properties/Offset/<From point>:
Current line-width is 0.0000
Tip theo s l:
Properties/Offset/Arc/Close/Width/Length/Undo/<Endpoint of line>:
9.2. Pline theo dc
Chc nng Pline theo dc cho php to ng a tuyn thng theo
khong cch v dc. Xut hin dng nhc:
im bt u v: Ch im bt u v.
Phia ve:Phai/<Khong cch>: Mc nh bt u v t tri sang phi. Nu
mun hng ngc li th chn phn tu chn Phia ve.
Phia ve:Phai/<Khong cch>:2
Nu nhp khong cch th s xut hin dng nhc tip theo:
dc %<2.00>: Yu cu cho gi tr dc
Nu khong cch bng 0 th dng nhc s l:
Khong cch thng ng: 0.3 cn cho khong cch theo chiu thng Y.
Tip theo dng nhc s li l:
Undo/<Khong cch>:
9.3. Ri luy
Chc nng ny cho php ri 2 kiu luy(xem Hnh 9-1):
Kiu ri 1: Cho php v luy bm theo 2 ng bin. Sau khi nhp
xong cc thng s hp thoi Hnh 9-2 s xut hin dng nhc:
Chn ng th 1: Chn ng bin th 1
Chn ng th 2: Chn ng bin th 2
Kiu ri 2 : Vi kiu ri ny c th chn nhiu ng cng mt lc.

133
Chng 9. Phn ph tr

Hnh 9-1. Ri luy

Khong cch
Ri taluy kiu 1
Ri taluy kiu 2
Chn ng th 1
Chn ng th 2

Hnh 9-2. Cc kiu ri luy
9.4. Kch thc :
Chc nng Kch thc cho php in kch thc ni tip mt cch cch
nhanh chng.
Dng nhc:
Dim Undo/Hor/Ver/Ali<Ali>: c th chn 1 trong 3 kiu in kch thc
Hor, Ver v Ali nh ca lnh DIM.
V tr ng kch thc: Ch v tr t ng kch thc.
Chiu di on dng:1000/<im th nht>: Mc nh cn ch im gc
ca ng dng th nht khi cn thay i chiu di on dng s dng phn
tu chn Chiu di on dng. Tip theo dng nhc l:
im th hai: Ch im gc ca ng dng th hai.
Dim text <500>: Cho gi tr ca dimension text hoc Enter chp nhn gi
tr mc nh.
im th hai: Nu ch im gc ca ng dng th hai th kch thc s
c in ni tip nh ca lnh con Continue ca lnh DIM. Nu Enter th s tr
v dng nhc u tin. Khi s lng kch thc ln hn 1 s xut hin dng
nhc:
C in kch thc tng khng(C/K)<Khong>: Nu tr li l c in
kch thc tng th s xut hin tip:
134
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
Dim text <1500>: Yu cu cho gi tr kch thc tng. Gi tr mc nh
l tng cc gi tr kch thc m thc t in ch khng phi l di t im
gc th 1 ca kch thc u n im gc th 2 ca kch thc cui. V s xut
hin tr li dng nhc:
Dim Undo/Hor/Ver/Ali<Ali>:
Mun thot khi lnh dng phn tu chn Exit.
V d : Hnh 9-3
Dim Undo/Hor/Ver/Ali<Ali>:H
V tr ng kch thc: ch im 1.
Chiu di on dng:1000/<Diem thu nhat>:C
Chiu di on dng <1000>: 500
Chiu di on dng:1000/<im th nht >: Ch im 1
im th hai: Ch im gc 2
Dim text <997>: 1000
Dim text <904>: 900
Dim text <993>: 1000
im th hai:
Dim Undo/Hor/Ver/Ali<Hor>:E

Hnh 9-3. in kch thc

Lu : Nu s dng phn tu chn Ali th vic ch im th nht: v
im th hai: u tin l phi chnh xc cho hng ca chng trng vi hng
ca kch thc mun in.
9.5. Sa Text
Vi chc nng Sa text cho php thay i ni dung dng ch, dng kch
thc hoc l thuc tnh ca khi Hnh 9-4.
Trng hp sa gi tr s nu mun s ch s thp phn ly theo bn v th
nh du vo .

135
Chng 9. Phn ph tr

Hnh 9-4. Sa Text
9.6. Xo i tng theo lp
Vi chc nng Xo i tng theo lp c th xo cc i tng trong s
cc i tng c chn m chng thuc lp cn xo.
Dng nhc s l:
Select objects: cn chn cc i tng cn xo, c th c cc i tng
khng cn xo.
Tip theo dng nhc s l:
Chn i tng thuc lp: cn ch 1 i tng thuc lp cn xo.
9.7. Lm trn cc ng a tuyn
Chc nng ny tng t nh vic lm trn a tuyn bng lnh PEDIT ca
AutoCAD, tuy nhin c th chn nhiu a tuyn cng mt lc.
Sau khi chn cc a tuyn ti dng nhc Select objects: s xut hin dng
nhc:
Lm trn Fit/Spline/Decurve<Fit>: Yu cu chn kiu lm trn.
9.8. Lm trn a tuyn theo khong phn
Chc nng ny cho php lm trn cc ng ng mc do Nova-TDN v
ra theo 1 gi tr khong phn no .
cn phi nhp vo 1 gi tr khong phn ti hp hi thoi Hnh 9-5.

Hnh 9-5. Nhp khong phn
9.9. Lm trn a tuyn theo Spline
Chc nng ny cho php chuyn cc ng ng mc do Nova-TDN v ra
thnh ng Spline.
136
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
9.10. Hiu chnh lp
Vi chc nng Hiu chnh lp cho php thc hin cc thao tc i vi
lp ca i tng c chn nh: chn mu, kiu nt, bt tt, kho ..v.v..
Khi chn chc nng ny s xut hin dng nhc :
Chn i tng : Pick chn i tng no , s xut hin hp thoi
m t cc thuc tnh v lp cha i tng : Hnh 9-6
Hnh 9-6. Hiu chnh lp

Thay i kiu nt ca lp qua List Box hoc
chn t bn v t nt .
Thay i mu nt ca lp bng cch chn t hp thoi mu chun ca
AutoCAD (Pick nt ) hoc nhp s mu vo EditBox bn cnh
hoc chn t bn v bng nt .
cc nt trong Cc thuc tnh khc thc hin vic bt - tt, kho - m,
lm ng - lm n tng t lnh Layer ca AutoCAD.
nh du thay i mu, kiu nt ca
tt c cc i tng nm trn lp v BYLAYER.
9.11. Cn chnh cc cm kch thc
Chc nng ny cho php cn chnh v tr ng kch thc, chn cc ng
dng ca cc cm kch thc cng loi (Horizol nly, Vertical , Alignment).
Khi chn chc nng ny xut hin dng nhc:
Chn cc cm kch thc cn cn chnh :
Select objects:
*Nu cc cm kch thc c chn l cng mt loi (Hor, Ver , Alig) th
xut hin tip dng nhc:
chnh ng kch Thc/< chnh ng Dng>-V tr mi:
Gm cc tu chn:
137
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
chnh ng kch Thc <T> : cn chnh v tr ng knh thc cho cc
cm kch thc.
chnh ng Dng <D> : cn chnh chn cc ng dng cho cc cm kch
thc.
V tr mi: Pick xc nh v tr mi cho ng kch thc hoc chn cc
ng dng.
*Nu cc cm kch thc gm nhiu loi, xut hin dng nhc
Chn cm kch thc i din cn chnh theo:
Yu cu Pick chn mt cm kch thc no , v vic cn chnh s c
thc hin trn cc cm kch thc cng loi vi cm kch thc Pick chn
trn nu bm Enter hoc ESC th s kt thc lnh.
9.12. i co ch
Chc nng i co ch cho php sa i co ca cc dng ch lm cho ch
c th gy hoc bo. Khi chn s xut hin dng nhc:
Chn dng ch cn i co.
Select objects: Chn cc dng ch trong c cc dng cn thay i co.
Select objects:
Width factor<1.0>: 0.8 Dng ch s b gy i.
9.13. Hiu chnh cc i tng Text
Chc nng Hiu chnh cc i tng Text cho php thay i cc thuc tnh
ca nhm Text c chn theo cc ch tiu no .
V d: - i cc Text lp 1 v c mu sang lp 0 v thnh mu
xanh.
- i cc Text c kiu S NDARD sang kiu VN1. ..v.v..
Khi chn s xut hin dng nhc:
Chn i tng Text: Yu cu pick chn vo Text no , v xut hin hp
thoi nh Hnh 9-7.
Cc thuc tnh ca Text chn (Chiu cao, gc nghing k t, kiu ch
..v.v..) hin th y trong hp thoi. C th thay i gi tr cc thuc tnh bng
cch nhp gi tr mi, hoc dng nt ly gi tr tng ng t bn v.
Nt cho php ly ton b gi tr cc thuc tnh t
mt Text no trn bn v. : Nu chn, s thao tc i vi c cc
MultiText.

138
Chng 9. Phn ph tr

Hnh 9-7. Hiu chnh cc i tng Text
Cc CheckBox nu c chn, th thuc tnh tng ng s l iu kin
lc trong nhm Text s chn. Kt thc hp thoi (bng OK) s xut hin dng
nhc:
Chn phm vi Text cn thay i thuc tnh!
Select objects: Yu cu chn phm vi Text cn thay i.
Sau khi chn cc i tng Text no tho mn iu kin (nh du cc
CheckBox ) s thay i cc gi tr thuc tnh. Nu khng c CheckBox
no c chn, th ton b cc Text c chn s thay i .
9.14. Hiu chnh cc i tng Attribute
Chc nng Hiu chnh cc i tng Attribute cho php sa cha ni dung
v cc thuc tnh khc ca cc Attribute trong Block

Hnh 9-8. Hiu chnh cc i tng Attribute

Xut hin dng nhc:
139
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
Chn i tng (Pick vo Attribute ca Blok): Yu cu Pick vo mt
Attribute no . Xut hin hp thoi nh Hnh 9-8.
Trong hp thoi hin th y cc thuc tnh ca Attribute va Pick chn.
Thay i cc gi tr nu cn.
: nu chn, s ch thao tc trong cc Attribute ca cng Block.
: nu chn , trong mt Block, ch thao tc vi mt Attribute c
ch s ging ch s ca Attribute chn ban u. Kt thc hp thoi (Bng OK) ,
xut hin dng nhc
Chn phm vi cn thay i:
Select Objects : Chn i tng cn thay i.
9.15. Th vin ngi dng
Chc nng Th vin ngi dng:
Cho php to lp nhiu th vin ca ngi dng, v d Th vin ngi
lm kin trc, th vin ngi lm kt cu ..v.v.

Hnh 9-9.Th vin ngi dng
Trong mi th vin, cc i tng (Block) c chia lm nhiu nhm,
trong mi nhm gm nhiu i tng khc nhau.
S th vin cn to, hay s nhm trong mi th vin, cng nh s i
tng trong mt nhm khng b hn ch.
140
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
C y cc chc nng thm, bt, xa, sa, sp xp, tm kim nhm
to iu kin thun li cho ngi s dng trong vic qun l cc i tng
trong th vin.
Khi chn chc nng ny s xut hin hp thoi Hnh 9-9.
Cc thao tc c bn:
1. Cc thao tc i vi Th vin:

a)To mt th vin mi: Pick nt hng Tn th vin:, S xut
hin hp thoi nh Hnh 9-10.

Hnh 9-10. Thm Th vin mi

G tn th vin mi, sau pick nt chn th mc cha
cc tp tin ca Th vin cn to qua hp thoi Hnh 9-11:

Hnh 9-11.Thm Th vin mi
Pick nt chp nhn th mc chn cho th vin mi,
Chng trnh s to cc th mc v tp tin cn thit ca th vin mi ti y.
b) Xo Th vin: Trc khi cn xo th vin no, phi xo th mc ca th
vin . Chn tn th vin cn xo trong v pick vo
nt loi b th vin .
141
Chng 9. Phn ph tr

2. Cc thao tc i vi nhm trong mt th vin :

a)Thm nhm mi: Pick nt , xut hin hp thoi nh
v Nhp tn nhm cn thm.
Hnh
9-12
Hnh 9-12.Thm nhm mi

b)Xa nhm: Chn tn nhm cn xo trong List Box Tn nhm: , Pick nt
loi b nhm khi th vin. Trng hp nhm ang cha cc i
tng, s xut hin hp thoi cnh bo Hnh 9-13:

Pick nt nu chc chn mun xo.
c)Sp xp cc nhm: Pick vo nt s thc hin sp xp cc nhm.
Nu ang xp theo th t (a->z) th xp ngc li (z->a).

3. Cc thao tc i vi cc i tng trong th vin:

a)Thm i tng mi vo Th vin:
To i tng cn thm trn mn hnh ca AutoCAD, Pick nt ,
xut hin dng nhc nh sau:
t Zoom khi chn i tng/Khi phc i tng: C/<im c s>:
Gm 3 tu chn:
<im c s>: l im chn i tng ra bn v sau ny (Insertion Base
Point).
142
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
t Zoom khi chn i tng <Z> : bt tt vic t Zoom hoc khng
Zoom i tng khi chn.
Khi phc i tng <K>: bt tt vic khi phc hoc khng khi phc
i tng khi chn.
i tng va thm s nm cui danh sch trong nhm.
b)Chn i tng mi vo Th vin bng nt : Thao tc tng t
nh Thm i tng mi. im khc l, i tng mi s chn vo trc i tng
ang chn .
c)Thay th i tng bng nt : i tng mi s c thay th
i tng ang chn .
d)Xa i tng bng nt : Xut hin hp thoi cnh bo khng
nh ln na vic xo i tng. Sau khi xa, cc i tng pha sau s c dn
ln.

4. Sa cha thng tin
Cho php sa cha tn th vin, tn nhm, cc thng tin m t i tng.
Pick nt , xut hin hp thoi:

v tin hnh sa cha cc thng tin cn thit. (cc n v tnh: v n
gi: phc v vic thng k i tng )

5. Tm kim i tng
Pick nt trong phn Chn nhm , v nhp dng thng tin cn
tm vo hp thoi sau:

s ln lt tm thy cc i tng m c thng tin m t cha chui k t
nhp trn (Khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng).

6. Chc nng thng k
Cho php thng k v lp bng cc i tng chn vo bn v (cha phn
r bng lnh Explode). Pick nt , chn phm vi cn thng k, s xut
hin hp thoi khai bo cu trc bng nh Hnh 9-14.
143
Chng 9. Phn ph tr

Hnh 9-13.To bng thng k
Bng thng k gm ti a 7 ct, iu chnh kch thc ct, tiu ct, bt
tt ct bng cch Pick p vo ct cn thay i.
cho php thay i chiu cao ch trong ton b bng.
l t l chn i tng vo trung tm ct k hiu
(trong cc trng hp thng k cc i tng c cng kch thc Block nguyn
thu. V d : cc thit b in, in t, thit b nc ..v.v.). Sau khi xc nh xong
cc thng s ca bng. Pick ch im chn bng. Bng thng k s c chn ra
bn v nh Hnh 13-14.

Hnh 9-14.Bng thng k
144
Chng 9. Phn ph tr

Chng 1. Gii thiu chung............................................................................. 1
1.1. Gii thiu chng trnh ......................................................................... 1
1.1.1. Nhp s liu thit k .................................................................... 1
1.1.2. V mt bng hin trng v thit k bnh tuyn .................................... 1
1.1.3. Thit k trc dc, trc ngang ........................................................... 2
1.1.4. Tnh ton v lp khi lng o p................................................... 2
1.1.5. V ng bnh v dng phi cnh mt ng cng cnh quan a hnh ........ 2
1.2. Yu cu cu hnh v ci t ................................................................... 3
1.2.1. Yu cu cu hnh........................................................................ 3
1.2.2. Ci t ................................................................................... 3
1.3. Cc khi nim c bn .......................................................................... 5
1.3.1. n v v v t l......................................................................... 5
1.3.2. H to ................................................................................ 5
1.3.3. Cc im t my ....................................................................... 6
1.3.4. im cao trnh ........................................................................... 6
1.4. Cu trc chng trnh .......................................................................... 7
1.4.1. Menu Nova -TDN........................................................................ 7
1.4.2. Menu a hnh ........................................................................... 7
1.4.3. Menu Tyn............................................................................... 7
1.4.4. Menu Ph tr ............................................................................ 8
1.4.5. Bng tn lnh............................................................................ 9
Chng 2. Khai bo s liu thit k .................................................................. 13
2.1. Xy dng bn v nguyn sinh............................................................... 13
2.2. Khai bo mu bng biu ..................................................................... 13
2.3. Khai bo trc ngang thit k................................................................. 14
2.4. Khai bo cc lp o ng .................................................................. 15
2.5. Khai bo vt bn, vt hu c v b rng nh cp ........................................ 15
Chng 3. Nhp s liu............................................................................... 16
3.1. Th vin vt a hnh ......................................................................... 16
3.2. H to gi nh ............................................................................ 17
3.2.1. Khai bo H to gi nh.......................................................... 17
3.2.2. To li khng ch mt bng ........................................................ 18
3.3. Nhp cc im cao trnh t nhin ........................................................... 18
3.3.1. nh ngha trm my .................................................................. 18
3.3.2. Chuyn i my ton c in t .................................................... 19
3.3.3. To im cao trnh t s o ton c ................................................ 20
3.3.4. To a hnh nh ...................................................................... 22
3.3.5. Nhp cc im cao trnh t tp....................................................... 23
3.3.6. To cc im cao trnh................................................................ 23
3.3.7. Hiu chnh cc im cao trnh........................................................ 24
3.3.8. Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh trong c s d liu ...................................... 25
145
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
3.4. Nhp ng ng mc ....................................................................... 25
3.5. nh ngha ng ng mc hoc ng mp ............................................. 26
3.5.1. nh ngha ng ng mc.......................................................... 26
3.5.2. nh ngha ng mp ................................................................ 26
3.6. Nhp tuyn theo TCVN ...................................................................... 27
3.6.1. Nhp s liu theo TCVN .............................................................. 27
3.6.2. To im cao trnh t trc ngang..................................................... 30
3.6.3. Chuyn i tp s liu ................................................................ 31
3.6.4. Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp........................................................ 31
3.7. Xy dng m hnh li b mt ............................................................... 32
Chng 4. V a hnh hin trng .................................................................... 57
4.1. in v ni cc im cao trnh............................................................... 57
4.2. V ng ng mc .......................................................................... 58
4.3. Dng phi cnh a vt ....................................................................... 59
4.4. Thit k tuyn................................................................................. 61
4.4.1. Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh................................................ 61
4.4.2. Vch tuyn v nh ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn .............................. 64
4.4.3. B tr ng cong v siu cao ........................................................ 65
4.4.4. Pht sinh v chn cc................................................................. 68
4.4.5. V tuyn theo TCVN .................................................................. 69
4.4.6. Xc nh khong lch cc so vi tuyn .............................................. 70
4.4.7. Xc nh li s liu mia................................................................ 70
4.4.8. Tu chn ............................................................................... 71
4.4.9. Xo tuyn hoc cc ................................................................... 71
4.4.10. Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia...................................................... 71
4.4.11. Tra cu s liu cc .................................................................... 72
4.4.12. Xut bng to cc.................................................................. 73
4.5. V mt bng tuyn............................................................................ 74
4.5.1. Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v trc ngang chun ............................ 74
4.5.2. Mt bng tuyn t trc ngang ........................................................ 74
4.5.3. in yu t cong....................................................................... 75
4.5.4. in tn cc trn tuyn ............................................................... 75
4.5.5. in cao cc ....................................................................... 75
4.5.6. Xut bng cm cong .................................................................. 76
4.5.7. Bng yu t cong...................................................................... 77
4.5.8. Xut s liu cc on cong ........................................................... 78
4.5.9. Tra v in k hiu l trnh ........................................................... 78
4.5.10. Tra l trnh.............................................................................. 79
4.6. Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k.............................................................. 79
4.6.1. Dng phi cch ........................................................................ 79
4.6.2. V li b mt t nhin................................................................ 81
4.6.3. Hot cnh 3D .......................................................................... 81
4.6.4. Chy theo hnh trnh .................................................................. 82
146
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
Chng 5. Thit k trc dc .......................................................................... 85
Trc dc t nhin...................................................................................... 85
1.1.1. Trc dc t nhin...................................................................... 85
1.1.2. Lp a cht............................................................................ 86
1.1.3. Thay i mc so snh v in mc so snh........................................ 86
1.1.4. Thay bng trc dc.................................................................... 87
1.1.5. H to trc dc..................................................................... 87
Cc phng n ng v phng n ng hin hnh..................................... 87
Thit k trc dc....................................................................................... 88
1.1.6. Thit k trc dc....................................................................... 88
1.1.7. ng cong ng ..................................................................... 90
1.1.8. nh ngha ng thit k v lp a cht ........................................... 91
1.1.9. Nhn li cao thit k............................................................... 91
1.1.10. Hu cao thit k.................................................................... 91
1.1.11. Ni cao ng mt ............................................................. 92
1.1.12. in thit k ........................................................................... 92
Tnh s b din tch o p ......................................................................... 92
Cu v cng trn trc dc ............................................................................ 93
1.1.13. t cu................................................................................. 93
1.1.14. t cng trn .......................................................................... 93
Ging thu nc ........................................................................................ 94
Chng 6. Thit k trc ngang ....................................................................... 96
6.1. Trc ngang t nhin .......................................................................... 96
6.1.1. Trc ngang t nhin................................................................... 96
6.1.2. ng c............................................................................... 97
6.1.3. V cc lp a cht trc ngang ....................................................... 97
6.2. Thit k trc ngang........................................................................... 97
6.1.4. Thit k trc ngang theo TCVN ...................................................... 97
6.1.5. Thit k trc ngang theo AASHTO1 ............................................... 101
6.1.9. nh ngha thit k trc ngang ..................................................... 104
6.1.10. To a tuyn dc ti trc ngang ................................................... 105
6.1.11. To luy .............................................................................. 105
6.3. p cc lp o ng theo TCVN .......................................................... 106
6.4. in thit k trc ngang.................................................................... 107
6.5. Khai bo vt bn + hu c v nh cp .................................................. 108
1.1.15. Vt bn v hu c................................................................... 108
1.1.16. T ng xc nh vt bn v hu c............................................... 108
1.1.17. nh cp............................................................................. 108
1.1.18. T ng xc nh nh cp......................................................... 109
1.1.19. To p taluy p .................................................................... 109
147
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
6.6. Cc lnh hiu chnh trc ngang............................................................ 110
6.1.12. Copy thit k trc ngang ............................................................ 110
6.1.13. Xa thit k trc ngang ............................................................. 110
6.1.14. Dch nh thit k trc ngang ....................................................... 110
6.1.15. H to trc ngang................................................................ 111
6.1.16. Thay bng trc ngang............................................................... 111
6.1.17. Hin trc ngang theo tn............................................................ 111
6.7. Loi i tng khi Nova-TDN............................................................. 112
6.8. Tra cu cc i tng ca Nova-TDN.................................................... 112
Chng 7. Tnh ton din tch o p ............................................................ 113
7.1. Cc din tch c nh ngha trong Nova-TDN.......................................... 113
7.1.1. Cc kiu din tch theo TCVN ...................................................... 113
7.1.2. Cc kiu din tch theo AASHTO1 ................................................. 115
7.1.3. Cc kiu din tch theo AASHTO2 ................................................. 115
7.2. Tnh din tch................................................................................ 115
7.2.1. Tnh din tch theo TCVN ........................................................... 115
7.2.2. Tnh din tch theo AASHTO........................................................ 116
7.3. in gi tr din tch......................................................................... 116
7.4. Xut bng khi lng....................................................................... 117
7.4.1. Lp bng din tch................................................................... 117
7.4.2. Lp bng t gi tr in.............................................................. 118
7.4.3. To v hiu chnh bng ............................................................. 119
7.4.4. Hiu chnh bng ..................................................................... 123
7.4.5. Thm bt hng ct bng ............................................................ 125
7.4.6. Copy cng thc, d liu bng....................................................... 125
7.4.7. Tch bng: ........................................................................... 126
7.4.8. Trch bng............................................................................ 126
7.4.9. Xut bng ra tp TXT ............................................................... 127
Chng 8. Trc ngang cng v cng chi tit ...................................................... 128
8.1. Trc ngang cng trn....................................................................... 128
8.2. Cng trn. ................................................................................... 129
Chng 9. Phn ph tr............................................................................. 133
9.1. Pline ......................................................................................... 133
9.2. Pline theo dc ........................................................................... 133
9.3. Ri luy ...................................................................................... 133
9.4. Kch thc :.................................................................................. 134
9.5. Sa Text ..................................................................................... 135
9.6. Xo i tng theo lp ..................................................................... 136
9.7. Lm trn cc ng a tuyn.............................................................. 136
9.8. Lm trn a tuyn theo khong phn ..................................................... 136
9.9. Lm trn a tuyn theo Spline............................................................. 136
9.10. Hiu chnh lp............................................................................... 137
148
Chng 9. Phn ph tr
149
9.11. Cn chnh cc cm kch thc............................................................. 137
9.12. i co ch................................................................................... 138
9.13. Hiu chnh cc i tng Text ............................................................. 138
9.14. Hiu chnh cc i tng Attribute ........................................................ 139
9.15. Th vin ngi dng ....................................................................... 140

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