CU TRC MNG NGN

II. CAU TRUC LUAN LY (CAU TRUC CHC NANG) CUA MANG NGN
1. Mo hnh phan lp chc nang cua mang NGN

III. CAU TRUC VAT LY
1. Cau truc vat ly cua mang NGN

2. Cac thanh phan mang va chc nang

Cu 1) So snh cng ngh hin i v tng lai

Cu 2) Phn tch phn lp chc nng mng NGN

2.1 Lp truyen dan va truy nhap
PHAN TRUYEN DAN
- Thanh phan :
Cac nut chuyen mach/ Router (IP/ATM hay IP/MPLS), cac chuyen mach kenh cua
mang PSTN, cac khoi chuyen mach PLM.
- Chc nang :
Lp truyen tai trong cau truc mang NGN bao gom ca chc nang truyen dan va chuyen
mach. Lp truyen dan co kha nang ho tr cac mc QoS khac nhau cho cung mot dch
vu va cho cac dch vu khac nhau.
PHAN TRUY NHAP
- Thanh phan :
Gom cac thiet b truy nhap ong vai tro giao dien e ket noi cac thiet b au cuoi vao
mang qua he thong mang ngoai vi.

- Chc nang :
Lp truy nhap cung cap cac ket noi gia thue bao au cuoi va mang ng truc (thuoc
lp truyen dan) qua cong giao tiep MGW thch hp. Mang truy nhap giup NGN ket noi
vi hau het cac thiet b au cuoi chuan va khong chuan.
1.1 Lp truyen thong
- Thanh phan :
Thiet b lp truyen thong la cac cong truyen thong, cac cong truy nhap, cac cong
giao tiep
- Chc nang :
Lp truyen thong co kha nang tng thch cac ky thuat chuyen mach khac vi ky thuat
chuyen mach goi IP hay ATM mang ng truc.
1.2 Lp ieu khien
- Thanh phan :
Lp ieu khien bao gom cac he thong ieu khien ma thanh phan chnh la Softswitch
- Chc nang :
Lp ieu khien co nhiem vu ket noi e cung cap cac dch vu thong suot t au cuoi
en au cuoi vi bat ky loai giao thc va bao hieu nao.
1.3 Lp ng dung
- Thanh phan :
Lp ng dung gom cac nut thc thi dch vu SEN (Service Excution Node)
- Chc nang :
Lp ng dung cung cap cac dch vu co bang thong khac nhau va nhieu mc o.

1.4 Lp quan ly
Tai lp quan ly, ngi ta co the trien khai ke hoach xay dng mang quan ly vien thong
TMN, nh mot mang rieng theo doi va ieu phoi cac thanh phan mang vien thong
ang hoat ong.
Cu 3) Thnh phn mng NGN


Nhng thanh phan chnh :
1. Media Gateway (MG)
2. Media Gateway Controller (MGC - Call Agent - Softswitch)
3. Signaling Gateway (SG)
4. Media Server (MS)
5. Application Server (Feature Server)
2.1. Media Gateway (MG)
Media Gateway cung cap phng tien e truyen tai thong tin thoai, d lieu, fax va video gia
mang goi IP va mang PSTN.
Cac chc nang cua mot Media Gateway :
- Truyen d lieu thoai s dung giao thc RTP (Real Time Protocol).
- Cung cap khe thi gian T1 hay tai nguyen x ly tn hieu so
- Quan ly tai nguyen va ket noi T1.
- Co phan mem Media Gateway d phong.
2.2 Media Gateway Controller(MGC)
MGC la n v chc nang chnh cua Softswitch. No a ra cac quy luat x ly cuoc goi, con
MG va SG se thc hien cac quy luat o. No ieu khien SG thiet lap va ket thuc cuoc goi.
Ngoai ra no con giao tiep vi he thong OSS va BSS.
Cac chc nang cua Media Gateway Controller
- Quan ly cuoc goi
- Cac giao thc thiet lap cuoc goi thoai : H.323, SIP
- Giao thc ieu khien truyen thong : MGCP, Megaco, H.248
- Quan ly lp dch vu va chat lng dch vu
2.3 Signalling Gateway (SG)
Signaling Gateway tao ra mot chiec cau gia mang bao hieu SS7 vi mang IP di s ieu
khien cua Media Gateway Controller (MGC). Nhiem vu cua SG la x ly thong tin bao hieu.
Cac chc nang cua Signaling Gateway:
- Cung cap mot ket noi vat ly en mang bao hieu.
- Truyen thong tin bao hieu gia Media Gateway Controller va Signaling Gateway thong
qua mang IP.
- Cung cap ng dan truyen dan cho thoai, d lieu va cac dang d lieu khac.
2.4. Media Server
Media Server la thanh phan la chon cua Softswitch, c s dung e x ly cac thong tin ac
biet. Mot Media Server phai ho tr phan cng DSP vi hieu suat cao nhat.
Cac chc nang cua mot Media Server:
- Chc nang voicemail c ban.
- Kha nang nhan tieng noi
- Kha nang hoi ngh truyen hnh
- Kha nang chuyen thoai sang van ban
2.5. Application Server/Feature Server
Server ac tnh la mot server mc ng dung cha mot loat cac dch vu cua doanh nghiep.
Chnh v vay no con c goi la Server ng dung thng mai.
Chc nang cua Feature Server :
- Xac nh tnh hp le va ho tr cac thong so dch vu thong thng cho he thong a chuyen
mach.

cu 4 ) bang so sanh gia cac cong nghe chuyn mch

Cu 5 ) u, nhc im ca mng hin ti,tng lai
Mng hin ti :
u im:

Nhc im:
Ch truyen c cac dch vu oc lap tng ng vi tng mang.
Thieu mem deo.
Kem hieu qua trong viec bao dng, van hanh cung nh s dung tai nguyen.
Kien truc tong ai oc quyen lam cho cac nha khai thac gan nh phu thuoc hoan toan
vao cac nha cung cap tong ai.
Cac tong ai chuyen mach kenh a khai thac het nang lc va tr nen lac hau oi vi
nhu cau cua khach hang.
S bung no lu lng thong tin a kham pha s kem hieu qua cua chuyen mach kenh
TDM.
Mng tng lai :
u im :
Cai thien chi ph au t.
Cac nguon doanh thu mi.
Xu the oi mi vien thong.
Nhu cau ngay cang cao cua thue bao.
S phat trien cua cong nghe thong tin, cong nghe chuyen mach goi, cong nghe truyen
dan bang rong, cong nghe ien t-tin hoc
Nhc im:


Cu 6 ) Cac cong nghe
Cong nghe truyen dan
Cong nghe truyen dan cua mang the he mi la SDH, WDM
Cap quang:
- Cong nghe truyen dan quang SDH cho phep tao tren ng truyen dan toc oc cao vi
kha nang bao ve cua cac mach vong
- WDM cho phep s dung o rong bang tan rat ln cua si quang bang cach ket hp mot
so tn hieu ghep kenh theo thi gian vi o dai cac bc song khac nhau va ta co the
s dung c cac ca so khong gian, thi gian va o dai bc song.
Vo tuyen:
- Vi ba: Cong nghe truyen dan SDH cung phat trien trong lnh vc vi ba, tuy nhien do
nhng han che cua moi trng truyen dan song vo tuyen nen toc o va chat lng
truyen dan khong cao so vi cong nghe truyen dan quang.
- Ve tinh: Ve tinh quy ao thap va ve tinh quy ao trung bnh .
Cong nghe mang truy nhap
Trong xu hng phat trien NGN se duy tr nhieu loai hnh mang
truy nhap vao mot moi truyen dan chung nh:
Mang truy nhap quang
Mang truy nhap vo tuyen
Cac phng thc truy nhap cap ong: HDSL, ADSL.
Xu hng phat trien mang truy nhap bang rong
Cong nghe chuyen mach
- Cong nghe chuyen mach cua mang the he mi la IP, ATM, ATM/IP hay MPLS th
hien nay van cha xac nh ro, tuy nhien noi chung la da tren cong nghe chuye
nmach goi, cho phep hoat ong vi nhieu toc o va dch vu khac nhau.
- Cong nghe chuyen mach quang: chuyen mach quang phan chia theo khong gian,
chuyen mach quang phan chia theo thi gian, chuyen mach quang phan chia theo o
dai bc song.

Cu 7 ) K thut iu ch trong ADSL
Khi iu ch chuyn i cc bit vo ( dng xung ) sang tn s ( dng sng ) gi i ln
knh truyn.
Khi gii iu ch trong b thu ; thu li sng mang v chuyn i tr li cc bt ging
nh c to ra bi b pht.
tng chnh l vic ti to li bit u ra ca b gii iu ch ging nh cc bit
c a vo ng vo b iu ch .
C 3 k thut iu ch l QAM, CAP, DTM.



+ IU CH BIN CU PHNG QAM :
iu bin cu phng QAM l phng php m ho d liu trn 1 tn s sng mang n.
S m ho d liu bng cch thay i bin v pha ca sng mang.
QAM dng sng dng sin v 1 dng sng cos cng vi b phn to tn chuyn i thng tin.
Cc sng ny c gi ng thi ln knh truyn, bin mi sng c cha tin tc c gi.
M hnh iu ch QAM


Nhnh thc hin bin sng cos gi l nhnh phase , bin cos gi l phase(I). Nhnh thc
hin bin sng sin gi l nhnh cu phng, bin sin gi l cu phng (Q)
Tnh trc giao gia sin v cos cho php truyn d liu ng thi trn knh.

M hnh gii iu ch QA
Ti b gii iu ch QAM , nu tn hiu thu khng b mt n d dng tm ng im
vector iu ch trong bn vector iu ch ti to tn hiu

+IU CH BIN PHA KHNG SNG MANG CAP

S b iu ch CAP .


Tng t nh iu ch QAM , iu ch bin pha khng sng mng CAP dng mt tp im
vector iu ch constellation m ho cc bit b pht v gi m cc bit u thu . Kt qu
hai gi tr X , Y t x l m ho c dng kch b lc s.
B iu ch c 2 nhnh, mt nhnh PHA v mt nhnh CU PHNG .
Cc p ng xung ca b lc s l Hilpert transform pairs hay n gin l Hilpert pair. Hai hm
( sng ) hnh thnh ca b Hilpert pair c tnh trc giao vi nhng hm (sng) khc .
Vi bt k gi tr ca Hilpert pair u c th c dng to iu ch CAP.
Tuy nhin, vic trin khai CAP ngy nay dng mt sng Cosine v mt sng Sine to xung
pht v c thc hin vi b lc s thay v dng b nhn phase v cu phng .
+ Ghi ch v b lc s Hilpert Pair : iu ch CAP ging nh QAM , nhng khc ch thay v
dng cc sng trc giao th mt na tn hiu dng b lc s , p ng xung ca n l Hilpert pair
, ngha l c cng p ng bin nhng p ng pha th khc /2 . Tn hiu pht l s kt hp
ca 2 b lc s .

+ IU CH A M RI RC DMT
S khi khi pht DMT

iu ch a m ri rc DMT hin nay l tiu chun k thut chnh thc trong cng ngh
ADSL, VDSL
DTM xy dng da trn tng ca QAM s dng nhiu b m ha QAM vi tp hp cc
vector iu ch constellation tng ng ( vi ADSL, kh nng ln nht c 256 b QAM cho
dng xung v 97 b QAM cho dng ln).
Mi b m ho thu nhn mt nhm bt thc hin m ho vi tp constellation ca mnh theo
ch nh v vi mc iu ch khc nhau.
Tt c cc tn s sine v cosine ng ra ca cc b QAM phn t c tng hp vi nhau v gi
ln knh truyn .
b thu c th tch ring cc sng cc tn s ca khc nhau , mi phn t sng ( gm sine
v cosine ) c gii m c lp bng phng php gii iu ch QAM .
Kt qu cho ra cc bit tng ng im gii iu ch trong tp im vertor gii iu ch
constellation ca n .

Cu 8 ) So snh chuyn mch mm v chuyn mch knh

Viec so sanh se da vao cac tieu ch sau: ac tnh cua chuyen mach (ve phan cng va phan
mem), cau truc chuyen mach (cac thanh phan c ban va s lien he gia chung) va cach thc
hien cuoc goi.

1) ac tnh cua chuyen mach



2) Cau truc chuyen mach
Cau truc chuyen mach mem





Cau truc cua chuyen mach kenh





+ Ging nhau : ca 2 dang chuyen mach eu s dung phng phap ghep kenh trc khi thc s
chuyen mach.
+ Khc nhau :
Chuyen mach mem cac thanh phan c ban cua he thong chuyen mach la cac module
rieng biet nhau, phan mem x ly ieu khien cuoc goi khong phu thuoc vao phan cng
chuyen mach vat ly cung nh moi trng loi truyen thong tin
Chuyn mch knh th tat ca cac thanh phan eu tch hp trong 1 phan cng.
3) Cch thc hin cuc gi
+ Ging nhau : Ca 2 cach thc hien cuoc goi, bang chuyen mach mem hay chuyen
mach kenh, eu phai thiet lap ket noi trc khi thc hien am thoai.
+ Khc nhau :
Chuyn mch mm :
+ Cuoc goi c thc hien gia 2 thue bao ien thoai (van s dung bao hieu so
7) trong mang PSTN vi nhau thong qua mang loi cua mang the he sau NGN.
+ Kenh bao hieu va kenh thoai la 2 kenh rieng biet ma chung con c truyen
tren 2 ket noi khac nhau. Va thong tin bao hieu c truyen qua SG, thong tin thoai
c truyen qua MG.
Chuyen mach kenh :
+ Cuoc goi trong mang chuyen mach kenh s dung bao hieu so 7
+ Kenh bao hieu va kenh thoai la 2 kenh khac nhau nhng cung truyen en 1
iem x ly tren cung ng day, hay noi cach khac la tren cung ket noi vat ly. (Kenh
bao hieu c thiet lap trc, sau o kenh thoai mi c thiet lap ).
Cu 9) V tr, thnh phn v chc nng ca chuyn mch mm
V tr : Do co chc nang la x ly cuoc goi (Call control) nen v tr tng ng cua Softswitch
trong mo hnh phan lp chc nang cua NGN la lp ieu khien cuoc goi va bao hieu (Call
Control and Signaling Layer).


Thnh phn : Thanh phan chnh cua chuyen mach mem Softswitch la bo ieu khien cong
thiet b Media Gateway Controller (MGC). Ben canh o con co cac thanh phan khac ho tr
hoat ong nh: Signaling Gateway (SG), Media Gateway (MG), Media Server (MS),
Application Server (AS)/Feature Server (FS).
Trong o Media Gateway la thanh phan nam tren lp Media Layer, Signaling
Gateway la thanh phan tren cung lp vi MGC; Media Server va Application
Server/Feature Server nam tren lp Application and Service Layer.
Mot Media Gateway Controller co the quan ly nhieu Media Gateway.
Chc nng :
Cac chc nang chnh cua Media Gateway Controller:
- ieu khien cuoc goi, duy tr trang thai cua moi cuoc goi tren mot Media Gateway.
- ieu khien va ho tr hoat ong cua Media Gateway, Signaling Gateway.
- Trao oi cac ban tin c ban gia 2 MG-F.
- X ly ban tin SS7 (khi s dung SIGTRAN).
- X ly ban tin lien quan QoS.
- Phat hoac nhan ban tin bao hieu.
- nh tuyen (bao gom bang nh tuyen, phan tch so va dch so).
- Tng tac vi AS-F e cung cap dch vu hay ac tnh cho ngi
s dung.
- Co the quan ly cac tai nguyen mang (port, bang tan, ).
Cu 10 ) Cc loi bo hiu v thnh phn s dng trong mng bo hiu NGN
Bao hieu la mot qua trnh khong the thieu trong hoat ong cua mang vien thong e
giup cac thanh phan trong mang co the trao oi thong tin vi nhau. Trong mang the he sau
NGN co cac loai bao hieu sau:
Bao hieu cuoc goi: SIP, H.323
Bao hieu gia MGC MG hay gia MGC server: MGCP, Megaco/ H.248.
Bao hieu cho PSTN: SIGTRAN
Bao hieu QoS.
Cu 11 )Trnh by giao thc SIP,H323

SI P:
Tong quan ve SIP:
SIP, c xay dng bi IETF, la mot giao thc bao hieu ieu khien thuoc lp ng dung
dung e thiet lap, ieu chnh va ket thuc phien lam viec cua mot hay nhieu ngi tham gia.
SIP la mot giao thc n gian, da tren van ban c s dung e ho tr trong viec
cung cap cac dch vu thoai tang cng qua mang Internet.
Cac chc nang cua SIP:
Xac nh v tr cua ngi s dung : e am bao cuoc goi en c ngi nhan du ho
au
Xac nh kha nang cua ngi s dung: e xac nh loai thong tin va cac loai thong so
lien quan en thong tin se c s dung.
Xac nh s san sang cua ngi s dung: e xac nh ngi c goi co muon tham gia
vao ket noi hay khong.
Thiet lap cuoc goi: thc hien viec rung chuong, thiet lap cac thong so cuoc goi cua cac
ben tham gia ket noi
X ly cuoc goi: bao gom chuyen va ket thuc cuoc goi, quan ly nhng ngi tham gia
cuoc goi, thay oi ac tnh cuoc goi.
Cac thanh phan cua SIP:
Cac thanh phan chnh cua SIP bao gom cac Agent va cac Server:
User Agent Client (UAC): khi tao mot yeu cau SIP.
User Agent Server (UAS): dung e lien lac vi ngi dung khi nhan c yeu cau SIP
va sau o tra ap ng ve ngi s dung.
Proxy Server: La chng trnh ng dung trung gian dung e tao yeu cau SIP. Gm
proxy server co nh va khong nh
Location/Registration Server : La server c cac server con lai s dung e lay thong
tin ve v tr cua ngi c goi
Redirect Server : La server nhan yeu cau SIP.
Cac phng thc s dung : INVITE, ACK, OPTIONS,BYE,CANCEL,REGISTER.
Cac ma ap ng cua SIP: 1xx,2xx,3xx,4xx,5xx,6xx




H323
Tong quan ve H.323
H.323 la giao thc xac nh cac thanh phan, cac giao thc cung nh cac bc thc hien e
cung cap dch vu a phng tien qua mang goi.
Cac dch vu a phng tien ay co the la truyen tn hieu tieng, tn hieu hnh thi gian thc
va d lieu. Mang goi co the la Internet, EN(Enterprise Network), LAN (Local Area Network),
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network).
Cac thanh phan v chc nng cua H.323
Gm 4 thanh phan sau: au cuoi (terminal c ky hieu la T), cong (gateway - GW), bo gi
cong (gatekeeper - GK), va n v ieu khien a iem (multipoint control unit - MCU).
Terminal:
La thanh phan dung trong truyen thong 2 chieu a phng tien thi gian thc c
dung trong viec ket noi cac cuoc goi.
Mot au cuoi H.323 phai ho tr cac ac tnh sau:
H.245 cho viec trao oi kha nang cua au cuoi va e tao cac kenh thong tin.
H.225 cho qua trnh bao hieu va thiet lap cuoc goi.
RAS cho viec ang ky va ieu khien cac hoat ong quan ly khac vi GK.
RTP/RTCP c s dung cho viec truyen cac goi thong tin thoai va hnh.
G.711 cho qua trnh ma hoa va giai ma tieng noi, T.120 cho hoi thao d lieu va ho tr kha
nang tng t cua MCU.
Gateway
GW la thanh phan dung e ket noi 2 mang khac loai nhau. Cau tao cua mot gateway
bao gom mot Media Gateway Controller (MGC), Media Gateway (MG) va Signaling Gateway
(SG).
Cac ac tnh c ban cua mot gateway:
Mot GW phai ho tr cac giao thc hoat ong trong mang H.323 va mang s dung chuyen
mach kenh (SCN Switched Circuit Network).
Ve pha H.323, GW phai ho tr bao hieu ieu khien H.245 cho qua trnh trao oi kha nang
hoat ong cua terminal cung nh cua GW, bao hieu cuoc goi H.225, bao hieu RAS.
Ve pha SCN, GW phai ho tr cac giao thc hoat ong trong mang chuyen mach kenh
Gatekeeper
Mot GK c xem la bo nao cua mang H.323, no chnh la iem trung tam cho moi
cuoc goi trong mang H.323.
Cac chc nang can thiet cua mot GK:
Dch a ch
Quan ly viec thu nhan iem cuoi
ieu khien bang thong
Quan ly vung hoat ong
Cac chc nang tuy chon cua GK:
Bao hieu ieu khien cuoc goi
Chap nhan cuoc goi
Quan ly cuoc goi
Multipoint Control Unit
Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) la thanh phan ho tr trong dch vu hoi ngh a iem co s
tham gia cua t 2 terminal H.323 tr len.
Mot MCU bao gom 2 thanh phan con: bo ieu khien a iem (Multipoint Controller MC) va
thanh phan tuy chon bo x ly a iem (Multipoint Processor MP).
MC co chc nang quan ly bao hieu cuoc goi. Trong luc o, MP x ly viec tron va chuyen
mach cac dong thong tin cung nh cac qua trnh x ly thong tin khac.
Cac giao thc thuoc H.323:
Cac giao thc ma hoa, giai ma cho tn hieu thoai va hnh
Giao thc bao hieu RAS (H.225.0)
Giao thc bao hieu cuoc goi H.225
Giao thc bao hieu ieu khien H.245
Cu 12 ) ATM
Cong nghe ATM da tren c s cua phng phap chuyen mach goi, thong tin c
nhom vao cac goi tin co chieu dai co nh, ngan; trong o v tr cua goi khong phu thuoc vao
ong ho ong bo va da tren nhu cau bat ky cua kenh cho trc. Cac chuyen mach ATM cho
phep hoat ong vi nhieu toc o va dch vu khac nhau.
ATM co hai ac iem quan trong :
Th nhat ATM s dung cac goi co kch thc nho va co nh goi la cac te bao ATM , cac te
bao nho vi toc o truyen ln se lam cho tre truyen va bien ong tre giam u nho oi vi cac
dch vu thi gian thc, cung se tao ieu kien cho viec hp kenh toc o cao c de dang
hn.
Th hai, ATM co kha nang nhom mot vai kenh ao thanh moat ng ao nham giup cho viec
nh tuyen c de dang.
u iem: Toc o chuyen mach cao, mem deo, ho tr QoS theo yeu cau.
Nhc iem: Gia thanh cao, khong mem deo trong ho tr nhng ng dung IP, VoA.