1

B GIO DC V O TO TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
---------------------------------------


HUNH TRUNG PHC


NGHIN CU V LA CHN CC TIU CHUN
CHO MNG CUNG CP DCH V IPTV


CHUYN NGNH : K THUT IN T

M S: 60.52.70

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT





H NI - 2010
2

Lun vn c hon thnh ti:
Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam

Ngi hng dn khoa hc:
TS. HONG NG HUYN

Phnbin 1:


Phnbin 2:


Lun vn s c bo v trc hi ng chm lun vn ti
Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Vo lc: ....... gi ....... ngy ....... thng ....... nm
...............

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:
- Th vin Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng





3
M U

Ngy nay, truyn hnh da trn giao thc Internet IPTV ang
pht trin mnh m v tin ti v tr ch cht trong cng nghip
truyn hnh thu ph, cng l dch v thu ht c s ch ca rt
nhiu cc cng ty vin thng trn th gii. IPTV c th cung cp c
tn hiu truyn hnh, Video song song vi cc dch v a phng tin
khc trn cng mt kt ni Internet. C th, IPTV s dng mt kt
ni bng rng v mt h thng mng phn phi cc chng trnh
truyn hnh s dng giao thc IP.
Tuy nhin do cng ngh IPTV cn mi m, cc t chc trn
th gii nht l ITU cha a ra b tiu chun cho cng ngh IPTV.
Trong khi Vit Nam c nhiu nh cung cp dch v IPTV c th
c trin khai trn nhiu mng truy nhp khc nhau. Do vy cn
phi c cc tiu chun cho h thng IPTV ph hp vi cc mng
Vin thng hin nay ca Vit Nam. Xut pht t tng , lun
vn s nghin cu cc tiu chun tn hiu cho h thng IPTV. ng
thi xut tiu chun p dng cho h thng IPTV theo xu hng
thng nht cc tiu chun trn th gii.
ti Nghin cu v la chn cc tiu chun cho mng cung
cp dch v IPTV. Ni dung ca bo co c trnh by trong 3
chng nh sau:
Chng 1: Tng quan v h thng cung cp dch v IPTV
Chng 2: Cc tiu chun ca h thng IPTV v xut tiu
chun cho h thng IPTV Vit Nam.
Chng 3: Nghin cu xut gii php trin khai IPTV ti
Thnh ph Nng
4
Chng 1
TNG QUAN V H THNG CUNG CP
DCH V IPTV

1.1. TNG QUAN V IPTV
1.1.1. Khi nim IPTV
IPTV c IEC nh ngha l h thng c s dng phn
phi cc dch v truyn hnh s ti ngi dng ang k thu bao
vi h thng. Vic phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh c thc hin
bng giao thc IP qua kt ni bng rng thng trong mng c
qun tr nhiu hn so vi mng Internet cng cng m bo cht
lng dch v.
1.1.2. Cc c trng ca dch v IPTV
- H tr truyn hnh tng tc
- Dch thi gian
- Tnh c nhn
- Yu cu bng thng thp
1.2. M HNH KIN TRC H THNG CUNG CP DCH
V IPTV
1.2.1. M hnh mng IPTV
M hnh h thng IPTV end to end nh trn hnh 1.1

Hnh 1.1: M hnh h thng IPTV end to end
5
+ Trung tm d liu IPTV
+ Mng truy cp bng thng rng
+ Thit b khch hng IPTVCD
+ Mng gia nh
1.2.2. Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV



Hnh 1.2: M hnh kin trc h thng cung cp dch v IPTV
- H thng cung cp ngun d liu
- H thng Headend
- H thng Middleware
- H thng phn phi ni dung
- H thng qun l bn quyn (DRM)
- Mng truy nhp
- Set-top-Box (STB)
- H thng qun l mng v tnh cc
1.2.3. Cc hnh thc phn phi IPTV
Hin nay c ba phng thc dng phn phi ni dung
IPTV qua mng IP l: Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast.
6
1.2.4. Cc vn k thut v cng ngh cho IPTV
- Vn x l ni dung
- VoD v Video server
- Cc h thng h tr hot ng
1.3. CC DCH V V NG DNG IPTV
1.3.1. Truyn hnh qung b k thut s
Chc nng ca truyn hnh qung b thng thng, truyn
hnh cp v v tinh l cung cp tt c cc knh ng thi ti nh
thu bao. Tuy nhin, IPTV ch phn phi cc knh m khch hng
mun xem v n c kh nng cung cp khng gii hn s knh ny.
1.3.2. Video theo yu cu VoD
VoD l dch v cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh da
trn cc yu cu ca thu bao.
1.3.3. Qung co c a ch
Thng tin, tin nhn c bit hoc ni dung a phng tin gia
thit b v khch hng da trn a ch ca h gi l qung co c a
ch.
1.4. S DNG H TNG MNG VIN THNG T
CHC MNG IPTV
1.4.1. Cc loi mng truy nhp bng rng dng trin khai dch
v IPTV
- Mng truy cp cp quang
- Mng DSL
- Mng cp truyn hnh HFC
- Mng Internet
1.4.2. Cc cng ngh mng li IPTV
C 2 loi cng ngh truyn dn mng li chnh c s dng
lm h tng mng IPTV l: IP trn MPLS v Metro Ethernet.
7
M ha v
nn Video
Gii m
gin v
nn Video
Gii m v
gin Video
Gii m v
gin Video
M ha v
nn Audio
M ha v
nn Data
Video
Video
Data
Data
Audio
Audio



MUX


DE -
MUX

Chuyn m
(m chp,
m xon)

M ha
knh

iu
ch pht

Gii
m
knh


Gii m


Thu

Chng 2
CC TIU CHUN CA H THNG IPTV V LA CHN
TIU CHUN H THNG IPTV VIT NAM

2.1. L DO XY DNG CC TIU CHUN CHO DCH V
IPTV
- Chun nn Video ca ITU-T
- Chun nn Video ca MPEG
- Mt s yu cu i vi c ch m ha video
- L do xy dng cc tiu chun cho dch v IPTV
2.2. M HA V GII M TN HIU VIDEO V AUDIO
2.2.1. S khi tng qut ca mt h thng truyn hnh s.
Hnh 2.2: Qu trnh m ha v gii m tn hiu truyn hnh
8
Qu trnh m ha tn hiu video v audio trong truyn hnh s
thc cht l qu trnh nn tn hiu thit b pht, gii m tn hiu
video v audio l qu trnh gii nn c thc hin thit b thu
2.2.2. Nn tn hiu video
Nn nh thc cht l qu trnh s dng cc php bin i
loi b i cc s d tha v loi b tnh c nh ca ngun d liu,
to ra ngun d liu mi c lng thng tin nh hn, ng thi s
dng cc dng m ho c kh nng tn dng xc sut xut hin ca
cc mu sao cho s lng bt s dng m ho mt lng thng tin
nht nh l nh nht m vn m bo cht lng theo yu cu.
2.2.2.1. Nn video bng phng php iu xung m vi sai
Nguyn l c bn ca n l: Ch truyn ti tn hiu vi sai gia
mu cho v tr d bo c to ra t cc mu trc .
+ X l gii tng h trong k thut DPCM
+ K thut to d bo
Trong k thut nn iu xung m vi sai DPCM, qu trnh gii
tng h c thc hin bng mt b lc c p ng u ra l hiu
s gia cc mu im lin tip u vo v mt gi tr d bo ca mu
im to c da trn gi tr cc mu ln cn theo mt qui lut
nht nh.
+ Sai s d bo (Prediction error)
Sai s d bo ch l s chnh lch gia gi tr d bo v gi tr thc.
+ Khi nim b chuyn ng (motion compensation) v vecto
chuyn ng
Trong dng tn hiu Video thng thng, cc khung lin nhau
thng ging nhau. Do vy trong d bo Interframe mt chiu tc l
ly khung lin trc lm nh d bo cho khung lin sau, gi tr d
9
bo rt gn gi tr nh thc t dn ti sai s d bo nh, tc dng
bit d liu nh.
Khi c chuyn ng, nh d bo khng phi l nh k trc
m l nh c b chuyn ng. Gi tr sai s d bo:
P = khung trc - khung hin hnh + vecto chuyn ng
* H thng DPCM c b chuyn ng
Hnh 2.4: M ha/ Gii m DPCM
2.2.2.2. Nn Video bng phng php m ho chuyn i
+ X l gii tng h trong k thut TC
Php bin i ph hp nht cho nn tn hiu Video l php
bin i cosin ri rc (Discrete Cosine Transform- DCT). Thay v
lng t ho v m ha trc tip bin im nh, ngi ta s lng
t ho v m ho cc h s DCT.
10
+ Bin i Cosin ri rc (Discrete cosine transform-DCT)
Bn thn DCT khng nn d liu, khng lm gim tc bt.
Bi vy, nn d liu ngi ta phi lng t ho cc h s DCT
theo mt bng trng s nht nh sao cho s cc h s khc 0 ng vi
lng thng tin trong mt khi l nh nht. ng thi, cc h s
DCT cng c qut theo mt cch c bit s h s 0 i lin
nhau nhiu nht nhm gim s bt cn dng cho m ho h s DCT.
+ Lng t ha cc h s DCT
Qa trnh lng t ho v m ho cc h s DCT chnh l cc
qu trnh lm gim tc bt.
+ Qut cc h s DCT
Dng s l dng truyn ti cc bit ni tip theo thi gian. Do
vy cn mt qu trnh sp xp cc h s DCT lng t trong ma
trn hai chiu thnh dy mt chiu ni tip nhau. Qu trnh gi l
qut h s DCT.
C hai dng thc qut cho s h s 0 l qut zig-zag v
qut lun phin (alternate).
Hnh 2.6: Qut cc h s DCT
11
+ M ha cc h s DCT
Vic m ho c qui nh bi cc bng m. ng vi mu u
vo i chiu theo bng m s cho t m u ra tng ng.
- Bng 2.1: Gi tr h s AC v phn hng
- Bng 2.2: M ha Huffman cho h s DC
- Bng 2.3: Bng m Huffman cho h s AC
Hnh v 2.7 minh ha qu trnh qut v m ho mt khi cc h s
DCT:
+ H thng nn bng phng php m ha chuyn i
12
Hnh 2.8: Nn nh theo cng ngh m ha chuyn i
2.2.2.3. S kt hp cc phng php nn
C th hiu mt cch n gin, kt hp cc phng php nn
l to ra mt qu trnh nn nhiu bc nhm t c hiu sut nn
cao. Tiu chun nn ph bin hin nay l MPEG, s dng kt hp
hai phng php nn: iu xung m vi sai v m ho chuyn i.
2.2.3. Nn tn hiu Audio
Phng php m ho ngun c s dng loi b i s d
tha trong tn hiu audio khi gi tr vi sai mu- mu xp x gn gi tr
0, cn che lp da trn m hnh tm l thnh gic ca con ngi c
13
tc dng loi b cc mu khng c gi tr cm nhn cc mu khng
nghe thy.
C hai phng php nn c bn, l:
- M ho d bo min thi gian: s dng m ho vi sai m ho cc
gi tr chch lch gia cc mu lin tip nhau loi b s d tha
thng tin nhm thu c dng bt tc thp.
- M ho chuyn i min tn s: Cng ngh ny s dng cc khi
mu PCM tuyn tnh bin i t min thi gian thnh mt s nht
nh cc bng tn trong min tn s.
Hnh 2.11: B m ha tn hiu audio
2.3. TIU CHUN CHO TN HIU VIDEO
Hin nay c cc chun nn ph bin l Motion J PEG
(MJ PEG), Wavelet, H.261/ H.263/ H.263+/ H.263++v MPEG-1/
MPEG-2/ MPEG-4. Nhn chung, c 02 nhm tiu chun ch yu l
nhm 1 gm nh dng nn MJPEG v Wavelet v nhm 2 gm cc
nh dng chun cn li.
2.3.1. Chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet
14
Trng tm ca cc nghin cu v nn nh l gim bt mt s
bit biu din nh bng vic loi b d tha trong min khng gian
v min tn s cng nhiu cng tt. Cc chun nn MJPEG v
Wavelet u tun theo nguyn tc tm ra cc phn t d tha min
khng gian.
2.3.2. Chun nn MPEG-x v H.26x
2.3.3. Chun nn MPEG-2
MPEG-2 bao gm cc phn chnh sau:
- MPEG-2 Video part (Part 2): tng t MPEG-1, nhng ch h tr
video xen k l khun dng c s dng cho cc h thng truyn
hnh qung b.
- MPEG-2 Audio part (Part 3): ci tin chc nng m thanh ca
MPEG-1 bng cch cho php m ha cc chng trnh m thanh vi
nhiu hn hai knh. Part 3 cng cng tng thch vi chun trc,
cho php cc b gii m m thanh MPEG-1 gii m cc thnh phn
m thanh ni (stereo).
MPEG-2 c dng m ha hnh nh ng v m thanh v
to ra ba kiu khung s liu (intra frame, forward predictive frame
v bidirectional pridicted frame) c th c sp xp theo mt trt t
c th gi l cu trc nhm cc hnh nh GOP.
2.3.4. Chun nn MPEG-4
Chun MPEG-4 cung cp cc phn b trong kt cu logic v
nng lc gii m tng dng bit ring r. Mi profile l mt phn b
xc nh trn ton bit stream v d: mt phn gii ca video s xc
nh mt s tiu ch bt buc cho tham s ca bc nh nh kch
thc nh, s lng bit, ....
Mi bit stream hin th trong nh dng nn MPEG-4 cung cp
mt m t mang tnh phn tng v hnh nh hin th. Tng lp d
15
liu c a vo lung bit bi nhng mt m c bit gi l mt m
khi ngun.
Cc i tng MPEG-4
- Lp i tng video (VOL)
- Mt phng i tng video (VOP)
2.3.5. Chun nn H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC
+ Gii thiu v chun nn H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC
+ Mt s tnh nng quan trng ca H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10
- B chuyn ng a hnh
- B chuyn ng block: Cu trc cp macroblock, cho php cc
macroblock kch thc 16x16 so vi 16x8 MPEG-2.
- chnh xc b chuyn ng ln n 1/4 pixel, cho php th hin
chnh xc cc dch chuyn ca vng chuyn ng.
- nh s khung
- m th t
- Cc profile ca H264
+ Yu cu v bng thng ca cc chun nn
Bng 2.4: So snh hot ng ca chun nn
nt tiu
chun
nt cao ng dng
MPEG-1 Ln n 1,5
Mbps
- Video on
Internet, MP3
MPEG-2 4 - 5 Mbps 18 - 20
Mbps
Digital TV,
DVD
MPEG-4 Part
10 H.264
2 - 4 Mbps 8 - 10 Mbps Multi video
C th thy c t bng so snh trn, k thut m ha
H.264 rt hiu qu di bng thng thp. Cht lng video ca
16
chun H.264 ti bng thng 1,5 Mbps tt hn so vi chun MPEG-2
bng thng 3 Mbps. S dng chun nn H.264 c th tit kim
c hn mt na bng thng.
2.4. TIU CHUN CHO TN HIU AUDIO
c tnh k thut c bn ca tiu chun nn audio MPEG-1 v
MPEG-2 c trnh by tm tt trong Bng 2.5
Bng 2.5: c tnh k thut chun nn audio MPEG-1 v MPEG-2
MPEG-1 MPEG-2
phn gii
u vo
16 bit 16 bit, c th ln n 24
bit
Tn s ly mu 48 KHz - 44,132
KHz
48 KHz 44,312 KHz ;
24 KHz 22,0516 KHz
Tc bit T do c th ln
n 448 Kbps
T do c th ln n 256
Kbps
S lng knh 2 knh vi cc
mode : mono,
stereo, dual, joint
stereo
6 knh : left, right,
center, left surround,
right surround v LFE
Tnh tng hp Thun v ngc
Kh nng co
gin
Cc knh left, right c
th gii m c lp nhau
* Tiu chun AC-3
B nn audio sAC-3 c th m ha t cc knh 1 n knh
5,1. Sau khi qua b m ha AC3 thnh dng s liu c tc 384
Kbit/s
2.5. CC GIAO THC TRN MNG TRUYN TI IP
2.5.1. Giao thc cho dch v multicast
- Giao thc IGMP
17
- Giao thc PIM
2.5.2. Giao thc cho dch v unicast
Giao thc c s dng cho dch v unicast l RTSP.
2.5.3. Giao thc cho dch v VoIP
Giao thc c s dng cho dch v VOIP l giao thc SIP.
2.6. TIU CHUN CHO MNG TRUY NHP
2.6.1. Cng ngh mng truy nhp xDSL
Vi cng ngh nn hin nay, c DSL hoc ADSL u c th
cung cp dch v IPTV. VDSL c kh nng cung cp bng thng ln
hn cho thu bao ln ti 50 Mbps ng download, bng thng ca
cc loi XDSL c th hin bng 2.6
Bng 2.6: Cc dng chun ca ADSL
Common name Downstream rate Upstream rate
ADSL 8 Mbps 1.0 Mbps
ADSL 12 Mbps 1.3 Mbps
ADSL over POTS 12 Mbps 1.3 Mbps
ADSL over POTS 12 Mbps 1.8 Mbps
ADSL.Lite (G.Lite) 4 Mbps 0.5 Mbps
ADSL2 12 Mbps 1.0 Mbps
ADSL2 12 Mbps 3.5 Mbps
RE-ADSL2 5 Mbps 0.8 Mbps
ADSL2+ 24 Mbps 1.0 Mbps
RE-ADSL2+ 24 Mbps 1.0 Mbps
ADSL2+M 24 Mbps 3.5 Mbps
18

Hnh 2.15: S trin khai IPTV trn ADSL
2.6.2. Cng ngh mng truy nhp FTTx
FTTx c phn thnh cc loi chnh nh sau:
- FTTH - Fiber To The Home: Cp quang n tn nh
- FTTB - Fiber To The Building: Cp quang n ta nh
- FTTC - Fiber To The Curb: Cp quang n va h
- FTTN - Fiber To The Node: Cp quang ti tng i trung
- Hnh 2.16: Cng ngh mng truy nhp FTTx
2.7. CC TIU CHUN KHUYN NGH TRN TH GII
Hin ti ITU v ang xc tin tin gn n vic chun
ha IPTV. Ngoi ITU, mt s t chc nh DVB (Digital Video
Broadcasting), ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards
Insstitute), TV-Anytime Forum, ATSC (Advanced Television
Standards Committee), ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and
Businesses) cng ang nghin cu cc tiu chun v bng rng lin
quan n IP.
+ Cc k thut c chun ha i vi IPTV:
- Cc chc nng kt cui b thu
19
- M ha a phng tin
- Thng tin dch v
- Siu d liu
- iu khin truy nhp v c im k thut ca b thu
- Knh truyn thng
- M ha v truyn dn
- Bo v ni dung
- Bng 2.7: Mt s khuyn ngh d tho ca ITU v IPTV
2.8. XUT V LA CHN CC TIU CHUN CHO H
THNG IPTV VIT NAM
2.8.1. So snh chun nn MPEG-4/H264 AVC vi cc chun nn
khc
Chun nn H.264/AVC gim mt na bng thng cn thit
phn phi video s cht lng DVB y mn hnh n khch hng,
v gim yu cu bng thng truyn dn truyn hnh s cht lng
chun (SDTV) xung 700 kbps (kb/s).
2.8.2. La chn tiu chun tn hiu cho h thng IPTV Vit
Nam
Nh so snh trn chun nn MPEG-4 hoc H.264/AVC
c nhiu u im hn v bng thng, n ph hp vi mi trng
truyn dn tn hiu IP v mng truy nhp. Nht l n ph hp vi
vic cung cp dch v IPTV k c knh SDTV v HDTV.
Do vy cung cp dch v IPTV cht lng cao nh knh
HDTV nn dng chun nn tn hiu MPEG-4 hoc H.264/AVC.
Tuy nhin tit kim bng thng th cc knh truyn hnh
thng thng nh SDTV nn dng chun nn MPEG-2.


20
CHNG 3
NGHIN CU XUT GII PHP TRIN KHAI
IPTV TI THNH PH NNG

3.1. NH GI H TNG MNG VIN THNG NNG
V KH NNG TRUYN TI TN HIU IPTV.
3.1.1. Mng MANE v m hnh trin khai dch v IPTV ti
thnh ph Nng
Hnh 3.1: Mng MANE TP Nng
Nh vy mng MANE ca VNPT Nng gm c 4 vng Ring
3.1.2. S kt ni thu bao MyTV ti Vin thng Nng
Hnh 3.2: M hnh kt ni thu bao MyTV ti Vin thng Nng
- H thng my ch ni dung ca dch v MyTV c kt ni trn
Core VN do ch c nhng IP-DSLAM u chuyn sang MAN-
E mi trin khai c dch v MyTV.
3.1.3. S kt ni thu bao SonghanTV ti Vin thng Nng
Hnh 3.3: M hnh kt ni thu bao MyTV ti Vin thng Nng
My ch ni dung SonghanTV c u ni trc tip vo
CoreSwitch L3 ca h thng IP-DSLAM nn c th trin khai ngay
dch v SonghanTV
3.1.4. S u ni gia VTC Headend v mng MANE ca
VNPT Nng
Hnh 3.4: S u ni gia VTC Headend v MANE Nng
3.1.5. Qu trnh trin khai
Xy dng cu hnh nh sau:
* Kt ni gia VTC Router v PE
21
* Kt ni t PE n thu bao ADSL2+ s dng dch v IPTV
* Ti PE trong mng MAN kt ni vi IP_DSLAM
3.2. XUT CU TRC, TIU CHUN CUNG CP DCH
V IPTV TI THNH PH NNG
3.2.1. Phn tch v nh gi tnh hnh trin khai dch v IPTV.
Hin nay IPTV l dch v mi nn cn cha pht trin c
nh CATV .
* Phn tch nguyn nhn:
+V mt khch hng:
+V mt k thut:
+Chn chun m ha:
+V thit b u cui:
3.2.2. Mt s xut trin khai c hiu qu mng cung cp
dch v IPTV
- Phn loi u tin lu lng IPTV
- tn dng trit mng cp ng th cn phi qui hoch li mng
cho hp l v ng thi nng cao cht lng mng
- Cn sm xy dng l trnh trin khai mng IPTV NGN v a thit
b IP STB vo s dng.








22
KT LUN V HNG NGHIN CU TIP THEO

Vi cc ni dung trnh by, lun vn gii thiu tng
quan v dch v IPTV. ng thi cng nghin cu nhng vn ch
yu ca vic m ho v gii m Video, Audio. Sau khi so snh cc
chun nn tn hiu la chn tiu chun cho tn hiu IPTV l
MPEG-4 H264/AVC xut p dng cho tiu chun IPTV.
Vic u t v pht trin dch v IPTV l cng vic cn thit
i vi mng bng rng ca Vin thng Nng, c th tn dng
c c s h tng v cng p ng c nhu cu s dng dch v
ca khch hng, va nng cao nng lc qun l, gim chi ph u t
v ph hp vi xu th pht trin cng ngh trn th gii. Tuy nhin
trong qu trnh trin khai c th cn c tnh ton chi tit v cu hnh
thit b vic la chn thit b v xut u t cho mng mi mt
cch hiu qu nht.
Mc d ht sc c gng tm hiu v nghin cu cc vn
lin quan n cc tiu chun ca dch v IPTV ng dng cho h
thng cung cp dch v IPTV ti Vit Nam, nhng do thi gian c
hn v phm vi nghin cu v cng ngh l rt rng, nn lun vn
cha th i su chi tit vo cc ni dung lin quan.
Hng nghin cu tip theo:
- Tnh ton v thit k h thng HEADEND m bo s
lng v chng loi knh theo yu cu.
- Tnh ton vic phn b tn s cho cc knh IPTV trnh
trng hp xuyn nhiu gia cc knh cung cp c hiu qu v
cht lng tn hiu truyn hnh IPTV.
- m bo cht lng truyn hnh tt th cn phi tip tc
nghin cu vn Qos