Why We Need Statistics

Statistics is an objective way of

interpreting a collection of observations.

be able to effectively conduct research
(ex on research)
Populations and Samples

Population includes all members of a group
Example: all 9
th
grade students in Lebanon


Sample
Samples are a selection of the population

Frequency


Distribution of data( how much each value
is repeated)
Mode
The mode is the most frequently
occurring score

most frequently seen value (if no
numbers repeat then the mode = 0)

Median
the middle number
If you have an odd number of data then
the median is the value in the middle of
the set
If you have an even number of data then
the median is the average between the
two middle values in the set.

Mean
The mean is the arithmetic average of
the scores
The calculation of the mean considers
both the number of scores( frequencies)
and their value
The formula for the mean of the variable
X is:

n
X