Speciation

Species - a group of organisms that share similar genes and phenotypes and are able to
produce fertile offspring with each other.
Speciation - the evolution of a new species from an existing species
Populations within species interbreed. If populations are separated then the flow of alleles between
them stop, meaning that if they are exposed to different environmental conditions then the genetic
makeup of each will differ.
Eventually the populations will be unable to interbreed as their alleles will be so different, and will
have converged into two separate species.
Before speciation the gene pools of the populations are the same, afterwards they become different
and separate.
Geographical isolation

Geographical isolation is where two
populations are separated by a physical
barrier in-between them. These vary
depending on the mobility of a species.
1. The populations of a species are free
to interbreed and there is a single gene
pool.

2. Physical conditions such as climate
change differing the environment, a
species discovering an island by chance,
and mountain ranges blocking paths etc
separate populations so that they
cannot interbreed.

3. Environmental changes produce
different genes through natural
selection that change the phenotype of
an organism to be better suited to its
environment. The gene pools of the
populations change until they are
separate.

4. If the populations were able to be
reintroduced to each other they would
not be able to produce fertile offspring.