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Xet Su Phan Bo Noi Luc Trong Vach Cung Nha Cao Tang Chiu Tai Trong Gio
Xet Su Phan Bo Noi Luc Trong Vach Cung Nha Cao Tang Chiu Tai Trong Gio
149
XT S PHN B NI LC TRONG VCH CNG NH
CAO TNG CHU TI TRNG GI
CONSIDER THE INTERNAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SHEAR WALL
OF HIGH - RISE BUILDING CHARGED BY WIND LOAD
SVTH: NGUYN QUANG TNG
Sinh vin, Khoa XDDD&CN, Trng i hc Bch khoa
CBHD: Th.S BI THIN LAM
Khoa XDDD&CN, Trng i hc Bch khoa, HN
Tm tt:
Mc ch ca ti l tm hiu nh hng ca dao ng xon n h kt cu nh cao tng
chu ti trng gi bng l thuyt v s dng phn mm ETABS 9.07 kho st ni lc trong
mt s vch cng
Abstract
The purpose of this report is learning the influence of torsion vibration to design the high-rise
buildings bearing structure. Using software ETABS 9.04 to survey the internal force of the
bearing structure and proposing the petition.
1. M u
Kt cu nh cao tng c nhu cu ngy cng nhiu nc ta, n m bo tit kim qu
t, nht l khi dn s th ngy cng gia tng v gi nh t th ngy cng t . Vic xy
dng nh cao tng hng lot cng phn nh quan im ca cc nh thit k khi gii quyt bi
ton quy hoch v xy dng th.
Khi thit k nh cao tng, do iu kin khch quan hay ch quan m mt bng kt cu
c th i xng hay khng i xng. Trong trng hp mt bng i xng, tm cng trng
vi tm khi lng th nh hng ca hin tng xon n cng trnh l khng ln. Khi tm
cng khng trng tm khi lng th dao ng xon l ln v nh hng ng k n s lm
vic ca ngi nh. Cc cuc kho hin trng ng t v gi bo gn y cng ch ra nh
hng xon l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy h hi h kt cu.
Do tnh cht thay i bt thng ca gi, nn d cng trn c kt cu i xng vn xy
ra hin tng xon. Cho n nay, trong tiu chun tnh ton ti trng gi ca Vit Nam [1] vn
cha quan tm nhiu n thnh phn xon ca ti trng gi. V vy vic nghin cu tm ra nh
hng ca hin tng xon do gi n s phn b ni lc ln vch cng kt cu nh cao tng
l cn thit, nhm gp phn vo vic tnh ton thit k nh cao tng c an ton, hiu qu
hn.
2. Tng quan
S lm vic ca ton b cng trnh cao tng ging nh mt console c t s mnh
va phi. Tuy nhin, n khc vi cu kin ct in hnh, bn cht ca n l cu kin chu un,
s un ca ton b cng trnh khng ch bao gm dng un m c th c thay th bi dng
ct hoc dng t hp ca un v ct. Hn na nhng hnh dng ny c th xy ra khng ch
vi un theo phng ngang m cn xon hoc dng un- xon. [2]
Di tc dng ca ti trng ngang, ngi nh chuyn v theo phng ngang. Ti nhng
im khc nhau, trn tng mt ct ngang ca ngi nh s c nhng chuyn v khc nhau. Cc
kt qu phn tch ca B.B.Khansi cho thy nh hng ca hin tng xon n chuyn v
ngang l ng k.[3]
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008
150
Phn tch kt cu nh cao tng chu lc theo s khng gian, tc gi L Thanh Hun
cp n hin tng xon ca cng trnh c vch kn hoc h v a ra phng php
cng nh cc phng trnh xc nh ni lc trong cc vch cng. [3].
Trong tiu chun tnh ton ti trng gi ca Nht, ca M u cp n thnh
phn xon ca ti trng gi [4], [5]
Cc cng trnh nghin cu ca cc tc gi to ra nhng thun li trong cng tc tnh
ton v thit k kt cu nh cao tng. Tuy nhin, cc tc gi vn cha i su vo gii quyt
mi quan h gia dao ng xon v ni lc ca vch cng di tc dng ca ti trng ngang.
Do ti ny s i su tm hiu vn mt cch c th hn, to iu kin cho vic tnh
ton v thit kt k c d dng hn.
3. L thuyt tnh ton
3.1. Tnh ton ti trng gi theo tiu chun Vit Nam 2737-1995 ( Khng k n ti trng
gi xon) [1]
a. Thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi:
p lc tiu chun ca ti trng gi tnh tc ng vo im j (cao
j
z ) c xc nh
theo cng thc:
0
. ( ).
tc
j j j
W W k z c = (daN/m
2
)
-
0
W : p lc gi tiu chun ly theo phn vng p lc gi trong TCVN 2737-1995.
- ( )
j
k z : h s xt n s thay i p lc gi, ph thuc a hnh tnh ton v cao
j
z ca im j. -
j
c : h s kh ng, ly trong TCVN 2737-1995.
b. Thnh phn ng ti trng gi
- Phn tch dao ng theo tng phng (xt tng phng ring bit).
- Theo phng X: c cc tn s dao ng ring
1 2
, ,... f f v cc chuyn v dao ng
11 21 1 12 22 2
, ,..., , , ,..., ,...
n n
y y y y y y
- Theo phng Y: tng t, cng c cc tn s dao ng ring
1 2
, ,... f f v cc chuyn
v dao ng
11 21 1 12 22 2
, ,..., , , ,..., ,...
n n
y y y y y y
- So snh
1
f vi tn s gii hn
L
f <
L
f tra bng 2, trang 7 TCXD 229 [6]
- Nu
1 L
f f > : cng trnh c cng ln, thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi ch do
xung vn tc gi gy ra.
- Nu
1 L
f f s : cng trnh c cng b, thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi phi k
n tc ng ca c xung vn tc gi v lc qun tnh ca cng trnh, v cn tnh vi s dng
dao ng u tin c tn s dao ng ring
L
f f s .
Xt trng hp
1 L
f f > :
- p lc tiu chun ca ti trng gi ng vo im j c xc nh theo cng thc:
. .
tc tc
pj j j
W W , v =
Xt trng hp
1 L
f f s : cn xt s dng dao ng c tn s dao ng ring
L
f f s .
Gi tr tiu chun ca ti trng gi ng vo tng j dng dao ng i c xc nh
theo cng thc:
( )
. . .
p ji j i i ji
W M y =
T hp ti trng gi:
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008
151
Ni lc v chuyn v gy ra do thnh phn tnh v ng ca ti trng gi c xc nh
nh sau:
=
+ =
s
i
d t
X X X
1
2
) ( .
Trong : X l momen un (xon), lc ct, lc dc, hoc chuyn v. X
t
l momen
un (xon), lc ct, lc dc, hoc chuyn v do thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi gy ra. X
d
l momen un (xon), lc ct, lc dc, hoc chuyn v do thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi gy
ra khi dao ng dng th i. s s dao ng tnh ton.
3.2. Tnh ton ti trng gi theo tiu chun AIJ Nht Bn (C k n thnh phn gi
xon) [4]
Ti trng gi dc trn khung kt cu:
A G C q W
D D H D
. . . = . (N)
Ti trng gi trn mi:
R R R H R
A G C q W . . . = . (N)
Ti trng gi ngang:
L L L H L
R g
H
Z
A C q W
2 '
1 3 | + = (N)
p dng khi cng trnh tha mn cc iu kin sau:
-Mt ct ngang cng trnh vung u t di ln
- 6 / s BD H ; 5 / 2 , 0 s s D B ; 10 ) /( s BD f U
L H
.
Ti trng gi xon:
T T T T H T
R g
H
Z
AB C q W
2 '
1 8 , 1 | + = (N)
p dng khi cng trnh tha mn cc iu kin sau:
-Mt ct ngang cng trnh vung u t di ln
- 6 / s BD H ; 5 / 2 , 0 s s D B ; 10 ) /( s BD f U
L H
.
T hp ti trng gi:
Bng t hp ti trng gi
Trong
LT
-h s tng quan gia dao ng gi ngang v gi xon c xc nh
trong mc A.6.8.3. [4]
T hp gi theo phng ngang v gi trn mi c xt ng thi.
3.3. Xc nh tm khi lng, tm cng [7] v ni lc trong vch [2]
T hp Gi dc Gi ngang Gi xon
1 W
D
0,4W
L
0,4W
T
2 ) / 6 , 0 4 , 0 (
D D
G W + W
L
T LT
W ) 1 2 2 ( +
3 ) / 6 , 0 4 , 0 (
D D
G W +
L LT
W ) 1 2 2 ( +
W
T
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008
152
Ta xt trng hp ph bin trong thc t l trc chnh ca cc h tng cng song
song vi cc trc nh.
Tm khi lng ca cng trnh l im t lc qun tnh.
Gi ( x
CM;
y
CM
) - ta tm khi lng, c xc nh nh sau:
=
i
i i
CM
p
p a
x
.
=
i
i i
CM
p
p b
y
.
Tm cng ( cn c tn l tm un hay tm xoay) ca cng trnh l im m hp lc
ca ti
trng ngang i qua ch gy cho cng trnh cc chuyn v thng, cn chuyn v xoay bng
khng(u =0).
Gi (x
CR
; y
CR
)- ta tm cng.
r
i
-khong cch t vch cng th i n tm cng:
r
xi
=
xi
-x
CR
. r
yi
=
yi
-y
CR
.
To tm cng c xc nh nh sau:
=
xi
xi
CR
EJ
E
x
xi
J .
=
yi
yi
CR
EJ
E
y
yi
J .
cng chng xon ca ngi nh: ) . . (
2 2
yi yi xi xi
EJ r EJ r B + =
e
Moment trong vch cng th i c th c xc nh nh sau:
Vi ti trng q
y
, ta c: M
xi
= M
x
(K
yyi
. qx + C
x
.K
exi
.q
e
)
M
yi
= M
x
(K
yxi
. q
y
+ C
x
.K
eyi
.q
e
)
Vi ti trng q
x
ta c: M
xi
= M
y
(K
xyi
. qx + C
x
.K
exi
.q
e
)
M
yi
= M
y
(K
xxi
. qy + C
x
.K
eyi
.q
e
)
Vi M
x
, M
y
tng moment un do tit trng gi tc ng vo ngi nh theo phng X,Y
H s phn phi ti trng:
K
xxi
= J
yi
/ J
y
; K
yyi
= J
xi
/ J
x
K
xyi
= J
xyi
/ J
y
; K
yxi
= J
xyi
/ J
x
j
q -cc h s
e
q q q , ,
y x
xc nh theo cc cng thc:
x
tch
x
G
G
85 . 1
1
1
= q ;
y
tch
y
G
G
85 . 1
1
1
= q
e
e
q
G
G
tch
85 . 1
1
1
=
Tng t i vi lc ct trong vch.
4. Kho st s phn b ni lc trong cc vch cng nh cao tng thng qua mt s m
hnh tnh ton c th
Xt mt cng trnh cao 25 tng vi kt cu khung vch chu lc nm trong vng II a
hnh B (theo TCVN 2737-1995), (theo tiu chun AIJ 2004 l a hnh III) chu ti trng gi
vi gi tr p lc gi W
o
=950 N/m
2
.( q
H
=950 N/m
2
) vn tc gi U
H
=39 m/s. T s cn ,=0.02.
Cng trnh:- Mt bng cng trnh 20x30 m
2
- Chiu cao tng: 3.3m - Sn dy 16 cm
- Tit din ct: 1m x 1m - Tit din dm: 0.3mx 0.7 m - Btng B25.
- Ti trng phn b u trn sn: 1.5T/m
2
(bao gm trng lng bn thn)
Tnh ton cng trnh theo hai trng hp ti trng gi :
- Theo TCVN 2737-1995
-Theo tiu chun AIJ 2004.
Mt bng cng trnh c b tr theo 5 trng hp sau:
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008
153
Trng hp 1: H kt cu c mt bng i xng theo c hai phng
Trng hp 2,4: H kt cu i xng qua trc X v khng i xng qua trc Y.
Trng hp 3,5: H kt cu khng i xng theo c hai phng:
Trng hp 1 Trng hp 2 Trng hp 3
Trng hp 4 Trng hp 5
4.1. Quy trnh tnh ton:
- Thit lp m hnh tnh ton.
- Phn tch dao ng cng trnh vi s h tr ca phn mm ETABS 9.07. Xc nh
cc chu k dao ng theo cc phng tnh ton..
- Tnh ton ti trng gi theo TCVN 2737-1995: Gi tnh, gi ng.
- Tnh ton ti trng gi theo tiu chun AIJ 2004: Gi dc, gi ngang, gi xon
- Xc nh ni lc trong cc vch vi tng trng hp mt bng cng trnh vi ti
trng gi tng ng.
- T hp ni lc theo cc phng php trnh by trn.
4.2. Kt qu tnh ton:
Cc dng dao ng ring:
- Trng hp 1 (Mt bng i xng):
+ Tm cng (C
R
) v tm khi lng (C
M
) trng nhau.
+ Chu k dao ng: T
D
= 2.5157s T
L=
2.5215 s T
T
=1.9 s
- Trng hp 2 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 0.7m.
+ Chu k dao ng : T
D
=2.49 s T
L
=2.52 s T
T
=2.0962 s
- Trng hp 3 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 1.45 m.
+ Chu k dao ng : T
D
=2.3 s T
L
=2.4 s
T
T
=2.1226 s
- Trng hp 4 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 0.7 m.
+ Chu k dao ng: T
D
=2.25 s T
L
=2.37 s
T
T
=1.28 s
- Trng hp 5 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 1.45 m.
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008
154
+ Chu k dao ng: T
D
=2.08 s T
L
=2.26 s
T
T
=1.36 s
Bng 1: Moment xon chn cng trnh, chuyn v gc nh cng trnh v ni lc
chn vch ca vch gia v vch bin (TCVN)
Vch bin Vch gia Vch bin Vch gia
1 0 0 0 117.4 118.66 -1.06 2126.3 2123 0.16
2 0.7 710.24 0.00031 150.44 122.6 22.71 2471.9 2161 14.39
3 1.45 710.24 0.00083 160.8 114.04 41.00 3637 3268 11.29
4 0.7 710.24 0.00013 123.3 102.99 19.72 1517 1436 5.64
5 1.45 710.24 0.0002 125.71 105.11 19.60 2223 2163 2.77
Trng
hp
Khong
cch gia
C
M
v C
R
Lc ct (T) Moment (T.m)
AQ/Q
(%)
AM/M
(%)
Moment
xon chn
ctrnh (T.m)
Chuyn v
gc nh
ctrnh (rad)
Bng 2: Moment xon chn cng trnh, chuyn v gc nh cng trnh v ni lc
chn vch ca vch gia v vch bin (AIJ)
Vch bin Vch gia Vch bin Vch gia
1 0 718 0.00036 147.67 141.35 4.47 2486.5 2344.7 6.05
2 0.7 1395.00 0.00056 184.11 146.69 25.51 2833.76 2369 19.62
3 1.45 1500.00 0.00103 192.69 136.27 41.40 4004.1 3490.7 14.71
4 0.7 1374.00 0.00023 153.23 123.36 24.21 1740.8 1581 10.11
5 1.45 1475.00 0.00033 158.66 125.65 26.27 2470 2307 7.07
Trng
hp
Khong
cch gia
C
M
v C
R
Moment
xon chn
ctrnh (T.m)
Chuyn v
gc nh
ctrnh (rad)
Lc ct (T)
AQ/Q
(%)
Moment (T.m)
AM/M
(%)
Nhn xt:
Theo tiu chun AIJ khi tm cng ca cng trnh trng tm khi lng vn tn ti hin
tng xon. Tm cng cng xa tm khi lng th chu k xon cng ln. Khi khong cch
gia C
M
v C
R
l 00.71.45 m th chu k xon thay i t 1.9 2.09 2.12s (Trng hp
vch h)
Cng trnh c kt cu i xng th ni lc trong cc vch s tng ng nhau. Nhng
i vi cc cng trnh c kt cu khng i xng (tm cng khng trng tm khi lng) th
ni lc trong cc vch s chnh lch ng k.
Chnh lch ni lc gia vch bin v vch gia khi khng k
v c k n lch tm ngu nhin
Trng
hp
Khong cch
gia C
M
v C
R
TCVN AIJ
AQ/Q (%) AM/M (%) AQ/Q
(%) AM/M
(%)
1 0 -1.06 0.16 4.47 0.16
2 0.7 22.71 14.39 25.51 14.39
3 1.45 41.00 11.29 41.40 11.29
4 0.7 19.72 5.64 24.21 5.64
5 1.45 19.60 2.77 26.27 2.77
Trong trng hp mt bng 4 v 5 lc ct v moment chn vch gim 1520% v
3035% so vi trng hp mt bng 2 v 3. Vy cc vch cng nu c lin kt li thnh
li cng s lm tng cng chng xon cho ngi nh, ni lc gim mnh. Nh , kt cu c
kh nng chu lc tt hn, s chnh lch ni lc trong vch cng gim i nhiu.
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008
155
Mc d thnh phn gi dc theo TCVN 2737-1995 l ln hn so vi AIJ 2004, nhng
do AIJ 2004 c k n thnh phn gi ngang v gi xon (s gy xon k c khi cng trnh i
xng). Do vy khi tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng gi theo TCVN 2737-1995 (khng k n
lch tm ngu nhin) th ni lc trong vch s b hn so vi khi tnh theo AIJ 2004 :
Chnh lch ni lc chn vch 7 khi tnh ton theo TCVN 2737-1995 v AIJ 2004
Trng
hp
Lc ct chn vch Q (T) Moment chn vch M (T.m)
TCVN
2737-
1995
AIJ 2004
AQ/Q
TCVN
(%)
TCVN
2737-
1995
AIJ 2004
AM/M
TCVN
(%)
1 117.4 147.67 20.4 2126.3 2486.55 14.48
2 150.44 184.11 18.48 2471.9 2833.8 12.7
3 160.8 192.69 16.66 3637 3974.8 9.28
4 123.36 153.23 19.3465 1517 1740 12.8
5 125.65 158.66 20.08 2223 2470 10
5. Kt lun
Qua kt qu phn tch nh trn , ta thy rng hin tng xon cng trnh do lch tm
ngu nhin hay lch tm gy ra bi kt cu khng i xng cng lm tng ng k ni lc
cc vch bin ( xa tm cng), tng chuyn v xoay v do nh hng n kh nng chu lc
ca kt cu v c th gy kh chu cho ngi s dng.
Khi chu xon th vch cng xa tm cng cng c ni lc ln, chng t l cng gp
phn vo cng chng xon ca cng trnh.
6. Kin ngh:
Nu cng trnh khng i xng th nn b tr vch cng xa tm cng cng trnh tng
kh nng chng xon cho cng trnh. Nu b tr ngoi bin th tng cng chng xon nhng
chu nh hng ca bin dng nhit v co ngt ( khi nh di). V vy phi ty iu kin c th
b tr vch cng hp l nht.
Cc vch cng nn c t hp thnh li cng tng cng ngang cng nh d
cng chng xon cho cng trnh.
Nn p dng thnh phn xon ca ti trng gi khi tnh ton kt cu cng trnh, nh
vy s thin v an ton hn.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] TCXD 2737- 1995
[2] Tall Building Structure: Analysis and Design Autor: Bryan Stafford Smith and Alex
Coul.
[3] L Thanh Hun (2005), Kt cu nh cao tng BTCT- Nh xut bn xy dng .
[4] Tiu chun AIJ 2004
[5] Wind Load Provision of ASE 7-02
[6] TCXD 229- 1999
[7] Phm Vn Cc, Nguyn L Ninh (1998), Tnh ton v cu to khng chn cc cng trnh
nhiu tng- Nh xut bn xy dng.