CHNG I: BIU DIN TN HIU V H THNG RI RC TRONG MIN THI GIAN RI RC n.

Cu loi 1: 60s - 16 cu
Cu .
Php chp lm nhim v no sau y ?
$.
Xc nh p ng ra ca h !h"ng #hi $i%! !&n hiu vo v p ng 'ung.

Cu !.
(ho cc $i)u *i+n ca cc *,y '-.n/ v '0.n/ nh1 h2nh v3. 4,y cho $i%! 5uan h gi6a '-.n/ v '0.n/7
$.
'0.n/ 8 0.'-.n/
Cu ".
Ph19ng !r2nh sai phn !uy%n !&nh h s" h:ng m; !< h !h"ng r=i r>c no sau y7
$.
4 !h"ng !uy%n !&nh $?! $i%n.
Cu #.
Ph19ng !r2nh sai phn !uy%n !&nh m; !< h !h"ng r=i r>c no sau y7
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4 !h"ng !uy%n !&nh.
Cu $.
@"i vAi mB! h !h"ngC n%u !a cD y.n/ l p ng ng vAi #&ch !h&ch '.n/ v y.nE#/ l p ng ng vAi #&ch !h&ch '.nE#/ !h2 h
!h"ng D 1Fc gGi l7
$.
4 !h"ng $?! $i%n
Cu %.
HB! !&n hiu !19ng !I ( ) t x
a
cD !Jn s" cao nh?! l
max
F !h2 sau #hi l?y mKuC ( ) t x
a
cD !h) 1Fc phc hLi mB! cch ch&nh
'c !M gi !r cc mKu ca nD n%u !"c B l?y mKu Ns !hOa m,n7
$.
0
s max
F F
Cu &.
4,y lIa chGn cch !r< l=i Png v Jy nh?! cho ph! $i)u Q RS mT! $i)u *i+n !on hGcC !&n hiu s" l !&n hiuUQ
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V=i r>c !hWo $i%n s" v r=i r>c !hWo hm s"
Cu '.
-
4,y lIa chGn cch !r< l=i Png v Jy nh?! cho ph! $i)u QRS mT! $i)u *i+n !on hGcC !&n hiu r=i r>c l !&n hiuUQ
$.
V=i r>c !hWo $i%n s" v cD !h) liXn !c hoTc r=i r>c !hWo hm s"
Cu (.
4 !h"ng !uy%n !&nh l h !h"ng !ho< m,n nguyXn lY '%p chLng
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
- 0 - 0
. . . . T a x n b x n aT x n bT x n 1 1 1 + +
] ] ]
Png hay sai ?
$.
@Png
Cu ).
Php chp l php !on chZ !ho< m,n !&nh ch?! hon vC #h;ng !ho< m,n !&nh ch?! phn ph"i v #%! hFp Png hay sai?
$.
[ai
Cu .
4,y cho $i%! cch no sau y $i)u *i+n !\ng 5u! mB! !&n hiu r=i r>c $?! #] '.n/?
$.
. / . / . /
k
x n x k n k
+

Cu !.
@p ng 'ung h.n/ ca mB! h !h"ng s" 1Fc cho $^i s9 L sau y s3 1Fc !&nh nh1 !h% no ?
$.
h.n/ 8 h-.n/ _ `h0.n/ a hb.n/c
Cu ".
dY hiu ( )
N
x n %
cho $i%! y l !&n hiu cD chiSu *i h6u h>n e Png hay sai
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[ai
Cu #.
4 !h"ng cD p ng 'ung h.n/ 8 rWc!e.n/ l h !h"ng \n nhC Png hay sai ?
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@Png
Cu $.
4 !h"ng 1Fc Tc !r1ng $^i p ng 'ung h.n/ no sau y l h !h"ng nhn 5u< ?
$.
h.n/ 8 Eu.nE-/
Cu %.
Ph19ng !r2nh sai phn !uy%n !&nh h s" h:ng $i)u *i+n h !h"ng r=i r>c !uy%n !&nh $?! $i%n s3 cD *>ng no sau y?
0
$.
( ) ( ) ( )
f -
M N
r k
r k
y n b x n r a y n k



.chugn hDa af 8-/
Cu loi 2: 90s 12 cu
Cu &.
@iSu #in \n nh ca mB! h !h"ng l p ng 'ung h.n/ ph<i !hOa m,n7
$.
( )
n
S h n

<

Cu '.
hrong miSn nC *,y 'ung 9n v 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$.
( )
- f
f f
n
n
n

'

Cu (.
hrong miSn nC *,y nh<y 9n v .$c !hang 9n v/ 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$.
( )
- f
f
n
u n
n

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Cu !).
hrong miSn nC *,y ch6 nh! 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
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( )
- f -
f
N
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rect n
n

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Cu !.
hrong miSn nC *,y *"c 9n v 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau
$.
( )
f
f
n n
r n
n

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Cu !!.
hrong miSn nC *,y hm mj 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
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( )
f
f
n
a n
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. a l !ham s"/
Cu !".
(ho !&n hiu 1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 h2nh v3. 4,y cho $i%! ph! $i)u no sau y Png ?
b
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@y l !&n hiu !uJn hon cD chu #] l e 8 k
Cu !#.
(ho !&n hiu '.n/ 1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 L !h *1Ai y. 4,y cho $i%! $i)u *i+n !on hGc ca !&n hiu '.n/ no sau y !19ng
19ng vAi !&n hiu !rXn7
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n
- f n k
'.n/
k
f n

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Cu !$.
li)u *i+n !&n hiu '.n/ $:ng *,y s" ( )
m
- -
' n -C 0C C
0 k

' )

C cho chPng !a $i%! cc gi !r nh1 sau7
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'.E-/ 8-n '.f/80n '.-/8-o0n '.0/8-ok.
Cu !%.
42nh v3 sau $i)u *i+n *,y hm mj vAi c9 s" a !ho< m,n
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f p a p -
Cu !&.
k
-
bok
-o0
-ok

4 !h"ng 1Fc m; !< $^i ph19ng !r2nh sai phn
( ) ( )
f f
N M
k r
k r
a y n k b x n r



[3 l h !h"ng 5uy n%u7
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lc e q f
Cu !'.
4 !h"ng 1Fc m; !< $^i ph19ng !r2nh sai phn
( ) ( )
f f
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k r
k r
a y n k b x n r



[3 l h !h"ng #h;ng 5uy n%u7
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e 8 f
Cu loi 3: 120s 7 cu
Cu !(.
4,y cho $i%! #%! 5u< php chp 'b.n/ 8 '-.n/_'0.n/ nh1 $i)u *i+n ^ L !h sau Png hay sai
$.
[ai
Cu ").
4,y cho $i%! #%! 5u< php nhn hai *,y 'b.n/ 8 '-.n/.'0.n/ nh1 $i)u *i+n ^ L !h sau Png hay sai
r
$.
@Png

Cu ".
h19ng 5uan cho gi6a !&n hiu '.n/ vAi y.n/ .mB! !rong hai !&n hiu ph<i cD nsng l1Fng h6u h>n/ 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$.
'y
m
V .n/ '.m/.y.m n/
+

Cu "!.
esng l1Fng ca mB! !&n hiu ( ) n x 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$.
( )
0
x
n
E x n

Cu "".
Php !I !19ng 5uan ca !&n hiu '.n/ $ao gi= cjng >! $iXn B cIc >i !>i n 8 f Png hay sai
$.
@Png
t.
[ai
Cu "#.
(;ng su?! !rung $2nh ca mB! !&n hiu ( ) n x 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$.
( )
0 -
0 -

+

N
x
N
n N
P lim x n
N
Cu "$.
(ho h !h"ng 1Fc m; !< $^i s9 L sau. 4,y cho $i%! ph19ng !r2nh sai phn m; !< h !h"ng ?
u
$.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
f - 0 k
- 0 k y n b x n b x n b x n b x n + + +
Cu loi 4: 180s - 5 cu
Cu "%.
h&n hiu '.n/ 8 u.nE0/Eu.nEr/ s3 !19ng 19ng vAi !&n hiu7
$.
rWc!b.nE0/
Cu "&.
(ho !&n hiu !19ng !I
( ) t t t t x
a
-ff cos bff sin -f rf cos b +
4,y 'c nh !"c B l?y mKu ey5uis! "i vAi !&n hiu ny?
$.
e
N bff 4v.
Cu "'.
esng l1Fng ca !&n hiu
( )
n j
Ae n x
f

s3 l7
$.

Cu "(.
(;ng su?! !rung $2nh ca !&n hiu nh<y $c 9n v u.n/ s3 l7
$.
-
0
Cu #).
(ho 4hhh $?! $i%n cD h.n/ v '.n/ nh1 sau7
( )
f
f
n
a n
h n
n

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( )
f
f
n
b n
x n
n

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f p a p -C f p $ p -C a w $.
h&n hiu ra .p ng ra/ ca h !h"ng s3 l7
$.
x
( )
( )
( )
-
-
-
- .
f
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f f
n
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b a
a n
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b a
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+

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CHNG II: BIU DIN TN HIU V H THNG RI RC TRONG MIN *.

Cu loi 1: 60s - 16 cu
Cu
#.
li%n \i v .0 ph&a/ ca mB! !&n hiu '.n/ 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
n
n
X z x n z

C PhJn !{ |
E-
!rong h !h"ng r=i r>c l phJn !{ no sau y ?
$ PhJn !{ !r+
C 4 !h"ng s" Tc !r1ng $^i hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ s3 \n nh n%u
$ h?! c< cc i)m cIc .PolW/ vp# ca h !h"ng phn $" $Xn !rong v}ng !r}n 9n v.
C hrong miSn vC p ng ra ca h !h"ng ~.v/ s3 1Fc 'c nh $:ng7
$ li%n \i v ca !&n hiu vo X.v/ nhn vAi hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca h !h"ng.
~.v/ 8 4.v/.X.v/.
C @i)m cIc vp# ca h !h"ng l i)m7
$
m cho hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ #h;ng 'c nh. yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
p#
z z
H z


C @i)m #h;ng vor ca h !h"ng l i)m7
$
m cho hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ $:ng #h;ng. yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
fr
f
z z
H z


C e%u cc h !h"ng mc song song vAi nhau !h2 hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca h !h"ng !\ng 5u! s3 $:ng7
$ h\ng cc hm !ruySn >! ca cc h !h"ng !hnh phJn
4.v/ 8 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
e
i
i -
4 .v/

C e%u cc h !h"ng mc n"i !i%p vAi nhau !h2 hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca h !h"ng !\ng 5u! s3 $:ng7
$ h&ch cc hm !ruySn >! ca cc h !h"ng !hnh phJn
4.v/ 8 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
e
i
i -
4 .v/

C
hrong nh nghi, $i%n \i v7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
n
n
X z x n z

C dhi !a !hay cn nC
vAi n ch>y !M f %n a !a s3 cD $i%n \i v mB! ph&a Png hay sai ?
$ @Png
C li%n v #hi $i)u *i+n *1Ai *>ng !o> B cIc s3 cD *>ng

$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
j
z re

!rong D r l $n #&nh
C ha #h;ng !h) !hIc hin $i%n \i v - ph&a "i vAi ph19ng !r2nh sai phn !uy%n !&nh h s" h:ng m; !< h
!h"ng Png hay sai?
$ [ai
C
hp hFp !?! c< cc gi !r ca v m !>i D chui yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
n
n
X z x n z

hBi ! 1Fc gGi l miSn hBi ! ca $i%n \i v Png hay sai
$ [ai
C
li%n \i v ca !&n hiu 'ung 9n v yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk . / n s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ` . /c - ZT n
C dY hiu
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ZT x n X z 1
]
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
ZT
x n X z
l #Y hiu ca $i%n \i | ng1Fc Png hay sai?
$ [ai
C 4m !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca h !h"ng l $i%n \i v ca p ng 'ung h.n/C Png hay sai ?
$ @Png
C
li%n \i v ca !&n hiu nh<y $c 9n v yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) u n s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ` . /c
-
z
ZT u n
z

vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk - z >

Cu loi 2: 90s 12 cu
C
Xc nh $i%n \i v ca !&n hiu sau7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ' n n # C # f >
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
#
X v v

C
4 !h"ng cD hm !ruySn >! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
0
. /
b -
. /.. /
k 0
z
H z
z z

+
l h !h"ng \n
nh Png hay sai ?
$ @Png
C
4 !h"ng cD hm !ruySn >! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
0
. /
b 0
z
H z
z z

+ +
l h !h"ng \n nh
Png hay sai ?
$ [ai

C
(ho !&n hiu yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( ) ( )
n
x n a u n . li%n \i v ca nD s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
z
X z
z a

vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk z a >

C
(ho !&n hiu yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
b
0
n
x n u n
_

,
. li%n \i v ca nD s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
b
0
z
X z
z

vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk

b
0
z >
C
(ho !&n hiu yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
0
b
n
x n u n
_


,
. li%n \i v ca nD s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
0
b
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+
vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
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z >
C (ho h !h"ng cD7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
-
-
-
-
0

H z
z
.
@i)m cIc v i)m #h;ng h !h"ng l7
$
@i)m #h;ng7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
f-
f z n i)m cIc7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
-
-
0

p
z
C
HiSn hBi ! ca $i%n \i v ca !&n hiu yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( ) ( ) b
n
x n u n s3 l7
$
e:m ngoi 1=ng !r}n cD $n #&nh l b. yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk b > z
C (ch $i)u *i+n no sau y !h1=ng 1Fc *ng $i)u *i+n hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca h !h"ng .chugn ho
af 8-/7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.b ( )
f
-
-
M
r
r
r
N
k
k
k
b z
H z
a z

C e%u 40.v/ mc hLi !i%p vAi 4-.v/ !h2 hm !ruySn >! ca h !h"ng !\ng 5u! s3 $:ng7
EME! E"uati#n$!SMT% ( )
0
- 0
. /
4
- . /. . /
H z
z
H z H z

+
@Png hay sai ?
$ [ai
C
(ho yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )

z
X z
z A
vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk v f > >
4,y 'c nh '.n/.
$ '.n/ 8 ./
n
. u.n/
-f
C
(ho yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
z
X z
z A

+
vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
v f > >
4,y 'c nh '.n/
$ '.n/ 8 .E/
n
. u.n/
Cu loi 3: 120s 7 cu
C
li%n \i v ng1Fc ca yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
. /
k
pk
A
X z
z z

vAi miSn hBi ! yHlyz

y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
p#
V(7 v v > s3 l
'.n/ 8 #..vp#/
nE-
.u.nE-/ Png hay sai ?
$ @Png
C Xc nh $i%n \i yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk z ca !&n hiu h6u h>n sau
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
{ }
' n - 0 r x f -

$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
0 - b
X v v 0v r xv v

+ + + +
C li%n \i v ca '.nEnf/ s3 cD *>ng7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
f
n
z X z

C li%n \i v ng1Fc 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7

$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
-
-
.
0
n
&
x n X z z 'z
j

i
yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
&
i E @1=ng cong #&n i 5ua g"c !Ga B.
C
li%n \i v ca yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
n
a x n s3 cD *>ng
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
-
X a z

C
(ho yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
-
-
-
-
0
X z
z

vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk

-
V(7 v
0
>
4,y 'c nh '.n/.
$ '.n/ 8 .-o0/
n
. u.n/
C
(ho yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
-
-
-
-
0
X z
z

+
vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
-
V(7 v
0
>
--
4,y 'c nh '.n/.
$ '.n/ 8 .E-o0/
n
. u.n/
Cu loi 4: 180s 5 cu
C (ho h !h"ng r=i r>c cD s9 L sau. 4m !ruySn >! ca h !h"ng s3 l7
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
-
-
-
4
-
z
z
z

C (ho hm !ruySn >! ca h !h"ng 7

yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
-
- -
-
4
- -
z
z
z z

+

yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
v >
@p ng 'ung ca h !h"ng s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ( )
-
h -
n n
n u n u n

+
C
(ho !&n hiu '.n/ 8 yHlyz y5ua!ion.b ( ) n u a n
n
h,y cho $i%! !r1=ng hFp no sau y l $i%n \i
X.v/ ca nD7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.b
( )
0
-
-
-

az
az
vAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.b a z >
C Xc nh $i%n \i yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk z ca !&n hiu7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
- f n e -
' n
f n

'

$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
e
-
e v -
X v
- v
v -
- v

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C
4 !h"ng cD hm !ruySn >!7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
- 0 b k
-
. /
k b 0
H z
z z z z

+ + + +
s3 \n nhC Png hay sai ?
$ @Png
-0
CHNG III: BIU DIN TN HIU V H THNG RI RC TRONG MIN T+N , -I.N T/C
Cu loi 1: 60s 16 cu
Cu
'.
li%n \i NouriWr Nh ca mB! !&n hiu '.n/ 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
j n j n
n
X e x n e

C
li%n \i NouriWr ng1Fc Nh ca yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
j
X e

1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.b ( )
( )
-
0
j j n
x n X e e '

C Ph! $i)u no sau y l Png7

$ li%n \i NouriWr l $i%n \i | !hIc hin !rXn v}ng !r}n 9n v.
C (c !&n hiu !rong miSn !Jn s" cD !&nh ch?!7
$ huJn hon vAi chu #] l 0
C e%u $B lGc s" lY !1^ng cD pha $:ng f !h2 5uan h gi6a p ng !Jn s" v p ng $iXn B !Jn s" s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
4 4
j j
e e

C
hhnh phJn !19ng ng ca yHlyz y5ua!ion.b ( ) k n x #hi chuy)n sang miSn !Jn s" s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.b
( )
j k j
e X e

C
dY hiu yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
4
j
e

$i)u *i+n7
$ @p ng $iXn B !Jn s" ca h !h"ng.
C
dY hiu yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
j
X e

$i)u *i+n7
$ Ph\ $iXn B ca !&n hiu '.n/.
C
(ch $i)u *i+n yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
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t
lc e chn v pha !uy%n !&nh cD *>ng yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) .
C lB lGc s" NV lo>i 0 v lo>i k l $B lGc cD7
$ lc e chn
t lc e l
t lc e q f
t lc e p f
C Ric !hi%! #% $B lGc s" NV *ng ph19ng php c{a s\ ch&nh l7
$ zng c{a s\ ) h>n ch% chiSu *i p ng 'ung h.n/ ca $B lGc s" lY !1^ng !hnh h6u h>n v 1a p
ng 'ung h.n/ ny !r^ !hnh nhn 5u<.
00
C dhi !hi%! #% $B lGc s" NV $:ng cc c{a s\ ham gicC 4ammingC 4anning !a !h?y *<i 5u B ca c< b
ph19ng php l nh1 nhau Png hay sai?
$ @Png
C ({a s\ ham gic s3 cho B gFn sDng nhO h9n c{a s\ 4anning Png hay sai?
$ [ai
C ({a s\ ch6 nh! V.n/e l ch&nh l mB! *,y ch6 nh! rWc!e.n/ Png hay sai?
$ @Png
Cu loi 2: 60s 10 cu
Cu %%. (h?! l1Fng c{a s\ s3 !"! #hi no7
$
lS rBng Znh !rung !m yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk hp v ! s" gi6a $iXn B Znh !h c?p !h
nh?! !rXn $iXn B Znh !rung !m7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
( )
f
0flg
s
j
j
( e
( e

ph<i nhO.
C 42nh v3 sau !h) hin
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ ({a s\ !am gic vAi chiSu *i e 8 x
C 42nh v3 sau !h) hin
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ ({a s\ ch6 nh! vAi chiSu *i e 8 x
C hrong miSn !Jn s" yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk

C #hi !hi%! #% $B lGc NV !a cD7

$ pha ca c{a s\ v $B lGc !rng nhauC !m "i 'ng ca c{a s\ v $B lGc cjng !rng nhau.
0b
C hm "i 'ng ca c{a s\ ch6 nh! v c{a s\ !am gic s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
-
0
N

C
hrong miSn nC c{a s\ ch6 nh! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
*
N
+ n 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$
EME! E"uati#n$!SMT% ( )
- f -
f
*
N
n N
+ n
n

'

C
lS rBng Znh !rung !m yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk nhO !h27
$ z<i 5u B gi6a *<i !h;ng v *<i chn ca $B lGc s3 nhOC nghia l !Jn s" p v s gJn nhau.
C lB lGc s" NV 1Fc !\ng hFp !M hm !ruySn >! 4a.s/ ca $B lGc !19ng !I Png hay sai?
$ [ai
C h s" $iXn B Znh !h c?p !h nh?! !rXn Znh !rung !m yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
( )
f
0flg
s
j
j
( e
( e

nhO *Kn %n7

$
@B gFn sDng *<i !h;ngC *<i chn yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
- 0
C nhO.
C
dhi gi<m !ham s" $S rBng Znh !rung !m yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk !a s3 cD7
$ h s" $iXn B Znh !h c?p !h nh?! !rXn Znh !rung !m yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
( )
f
0flg
s
j
j
( e
( e

!sng.
Cu loi 3: 100s 8 cu
C hrong miSn nC c{a s\ lar!lW!! 1Fc nh nghia nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0 -
f
- 0
0 -
0 -
- 0
f
T
N
n N
n
N
n N
+ n n N
N
n

'

Cu &&. ({a s\ 4anning cD ch?! l1Fng #m h9n c{a s\ 4amming v27

$
h s" gi6a $iXn B Znh !h c?p !h nh?! !rXn $iXn B Znh !rung !m ca c{a s\ 4anning lAn h9n c{a
s\ 4amming.
Cu &'. ({a s\ llac#man cD B gFn sDng !h?p nh?! so vAi cc c{a s\ 4anningC 4ammingC !am gic v ch6
nh! v27
$
h s" gi6a $iXn B Znh !h c?p !h nh?! !rXn $iXn B Znh !rung !m ca c{a s\ llac#man nhO nh?!.
C dhi !hi%! #% $B lGc s" $:ng ph19ng php c{a s\ #hi !hIc hin 'c nh p ng 'ung $B lGc
0k
h*.n/8h.n/..n/e !a ph<i *ch chuy)n p ng 'ung h.n/ ca $B lGc s" lY !1^ng7
$
[ang ph<i yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
-
0
N
mKu7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
-
sin
0
-
0
c
c
c
N
n
h n
N
n

,
.!m "i 'ng !>i
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
-
0
N
n

/
C (ho h2nh $i)u *i+n p ng $iXn B $B lGc s" NV !h;ng !h?p !hWo *$ cD chiSu *i $:ng e8u- !hWo
ph19ng php c{a s\ 4amming .42nh a/ v c{a s\ 4anning .42nh $/. 4,y cho $i%! nhn '! no Png

HFnG 5 HFnG H
$ @B gFn sDng c{a s\ 4amming lAn h9n c{a s\ 4anning.
C [o snh c{a s\ !am gic v c{a s\ ch6 nh! v !a !h?y7
$ dhi *ng c{a s\ !am gicC hin !1Fng i$$s gi<m nhiSu so vAi #hi *ng c{a s\ ch6 nh! v2 yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
T *
< C nh1ng *<i 5u B l>i lAn h9n c{a s\ ch6 nh! yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
T *
>
C 42nh v3 sau $i)u *i+n $iXn B 0 $B lGc s" NV !h;ng !h?p $:ng ph19ng php c{a s\ ch6 nh! vAi cc
chiSu *i c{a s\ #hc nhau e- .h2nh a/ v e0 .h2nh $/ 4,y cho $i%! 5uan h no Png7

0r
$ e- p e0
C ({a s\ no sau y l !r1=ng hFp riXng ca c{a s\ llac#man7
$ ({a s\ 4anning v c{a s\ 4amming
C @Tc i)m ca $B lGc NV l mB! h !h"ng7
$ u;n \n nh
Cu loi 4: 180s 3 cu
C hrong miSn nC c{a s\ 4anning v 4amming 1Fc nh nghia7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
( )
0
- cos f -
-
f
H
N
n n N
+ n
N
n

'

ha !h?y7
$
dhi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk f.r !a cD c{a s\ 4anningC #hi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
f.rk !a cD c{a s\ 4amming.
C dhi *ng ph19ng php c{a s\ !hi%! #% $B lGc s" NVC ) #i)m !ra $B lGc vMa !hi%! #% cD !hOa m,n cc
chZ !iXu # !hu! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
- 0
C C C
p s

hay #h;ng !a s3 csn c vo7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
. /
-
_
0
j j j j j
'
N
H e ( e H e ( e H e

C dhi !hi%! #% $B lGc NV $:ng ph19ng php c{a s\C hin !1Fng gFn sDng ^ miSn !Jn s" i$$s l hin
!1Fng sinh ra *o7
$ ({a s\ !hao !c c! $A! chiSu *i p ng 'ung h.n/ ca $B lGc lY !1^ng .
CHNG %: THIIT JI B= ->C , C? @A< BNG CUNG C? CHIU DI VK HN IIR.
Cu loi 1: 60s 7 cu
C @"i vAi $B lGc VC chiSu *i p ng 'ung h.n/ s3 cD !&nh ch?!7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ) h n 1
]
C Hu"n chuy)n \i !M $B lGc !19ng !I sang $B lGc s" !19ng 19ng nh= cc ph19ng php $?! $i%n 'ungC
$i%n \i song !uy%n v !19ng 19ng vi phn !a ph<i 'c nh7
$
4m !ruySn >! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
a
H s ca $B lGc !19ng !I
C Ph19ng php $i%n \i song !uy%n l ph19ng php 'c nh hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca $B lGc s" csn c
vo hm !ruySn >! ca $B lGc !19ng !I yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
a
H s !hWo 5uan h7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
-
-
0 -
.. /
-
z
a
s
T z
H z H s

.h7 !h=i gian l?y mKu/

C Ph19ng php !19ng 19ng vi phn l ph19ng php 'c nh hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca $B lGc s" csn c
vo hm !ruySn >! ca $B lGc !19ng !I yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
a
H s !hWo 5uan h7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
T z s
a
s H z H
o / - .
-
/ . / .

.h7 !h=i gian l?y mKu/

C hM #hai !ri)n hm !ruySn >! 4a.s/ ca $B lGc !19ng !I *1Ai *>ng7
0u
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
e
#
a
# -
p#

4 s
s s

.^ y yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
{ }
p#
s l cc cIc ca $B lGc !19ng !IC yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
{ }
#
l cc h s" #hai !ri)n phn !hc/. 4m !ruySn >! 4.v/ $B lGc s" !19ng 19ng 1Fc 'c nh
!hWo ph19ng php $?! $i%n 'ung nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
p#
e
#
s h
-
# -

4 v
- W v

.h7 !h=i gian l?y mKu/

C @p ng $iXn B !Jn s" $B lGc s" V !hWo ph19ng php lu!!Wror!h cD *>ng nh1 h2nh sau. 4,y cho
$i%! !ham s" e v !ham s" yHlyz y5ua!ion.b
c
nh1 h2nh v3 l7
$ lc ca $B lGc v !Jn s" c!
C dhi $c e ca $B lGc lu!!Wror!h !sng lXn !h27
$ (h?! l19ng ca $B lGc 1Fc c<i !hin.
Cu loi 2: 90s 5 cu
C b ph19ng php !\ng hFp
E lu!!Wror!h
E (hW$yshWv
E ylip hay (auWr
1Fc *ng ) !\ng hFp7
$ lB lGc !19ng !I.
C
lB lGc !19ng !I cD hm !ruySn >! yHlyz y5ua!ion.b
( )
/ 0 /. - .
-
+

s s
s
s H
a
cD7
$ (D 0 i)m cIc l sp-8 E-C sp08 0 v - i)m #h;ng sf- 8 -.
C @Tc i)m ca $B lGc V l h !h"ng7
$ dh;ng ph<i lPc no cjng \n nh.
C lB lGc cD p ng 'ung h.n/ 8 a
n
.u.n/ l7
0x
$ lB lGc V
C nh '> miSn \n nh $Xn !ri mT! phng phc s ^ miSn !19ng !I sang mT! phng v ^ miSn s" l7
$ e:m !rong v}ng !r}n 9n v
Cu loi 3: 100s 4 cu
C lB lGc (hW$yshWv lo>i l7
$ lB lGc !on i)m cIc
C lB lGc (hW$yshWv lo>i l7
$ lB lGc c< i)m cIc v i)m #h;ng.
C l2nh ph19ng $iXn B ca p ng Jn s" $B lGc (hW$yshWv lo>i l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
0
0 0
-
. /
- . o /
N c
H
T

+
C l2nh ph19ng $iXn B ca p ng !Jn s" ca $B lGc ylip s3 1Fc 'c nh nh1 sau .RAi yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) x ,
N
l hm Wl&p aco$ian $c yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk N /.
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
c N
,
H
+

o -
-
/ .
0
0
Cu loi 4: 180s 5 cu
C (ho m>ch in !19ng !I7
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
ha cD hm !ruySn >! !19ng !I ca h !h"ng7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
r
v
-
-
a
,
H s
*&s

+
C
uan h gi6a $c e ca $B lGc lu!!Wror!h v !Jn s" yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
o
S c

#hi T!

yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
0
0 0
-
- . o /
N
S c

+

s3 l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
/ o . log 0
c - / o - `. log
-f
0
0 -f
c s
N

0
C
lB lGc !19ng !I cD hm !ruySn >! yHlyz y5ua!ion.b ( )
-
-
+

s
s H
a
h,y 'c nh hm !ruySn
>! ca $B lGc s" !19ng 19ng $:ng ph19ng php !19ng 19ng vi phn7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.b
( )
/c - o. - `
/ - o.
T z
T zT
z H
+
+

.h7 !h=i gian l?y mKu/

C
lB lGc !19ng !I cD hm !ruySn >! yHlyz y5ua!ion.b ( )
-
-
+

s
s H
a
h,y 'c nh hm !ruySn
>! ca $B lGc s" !19ng 19ng $:ng ph19ng php $?! $i%n 'ung7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
h -
-
4 v
- W v

.h7 !h=i gian l?y mKu/

C
4m !ruySn >! ca $B lGc !19ng !I
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
a
b
H s
s a

+
1Fc Tc !r1ng $^i
ph19ng !r2nh vi phn.
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
/ . / .
/ .
t bx t ay
't
t 'y
+
0
CHNG &: BIIN @:I EUORI3R NHANH EET
Cu loi 1: 60s 6 cu
C
li%n \i NouriWr nhanh NNh 1Fc *Ia !rXn !&nh !on mB! zNh yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk N i)mC
!rong DyHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk N cD Tc i)m7
$
(D !h) 1Fc phn !&ch !hnh !&ch ca hai s" nguyXn yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk )M N
C ha cD !h) !sng chiSu *i ca *,y .!&n hiu/ !rong $i%n \i zNh $:ng cch7
$ hhXm mB! s" cc mKu cD gi !r $:ng f
C dhi !&nh !on zNh e i)m vAi e8.H !a cD !h) phn !&ch !hnh7
$ yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ) $i%n \i zNhC mi zNh D cD B lAn yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk M
i)m.
C Php !on NNh c9 s" 0 1Fc !hIc hin "i vAi *,y cD chiSu *i e !ho< m,n7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
-
N 0
C Php !on NNh c9 s" k 1Fc !hIc hin "i vAi *,y cD chiSu *i e !ho< m,n7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
k
-
N
C (c !hu! !on NNh phn !Jn s" v NNh phn !h=i gian !hWo L h2nh cnh $1Am cD s" cc $1Ac !&nh
gi"ng h! nhauC v2 vy s" php !on $ao gLm php nhn v cBng l nh1 nhau *Kn %n hiu 5u< ca
!hu! !on l nh1 nhau. ehn '! !rXn Png hay sai
$ @Png
Cu loi 2: 90s 5 cu
C dhi !hIc hin !hu! !on NNh $:ng ph19ng php phn chia !hWo !h=i gian hay phn chia !hWo !Jn s"C
cc !r! !I Ju ra #h;ng $ <o lBn Png hay sai?
$ [ai
C
(c h s" yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
k
N
( hay c}n 1Fc gGi l cc !&nh ch?! vS pha !rong $i%n \i
zNh Su cD 0 !&nh ch?!7
h&nh "i 'ng 7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
k
N
N k
N
( (
+ 0
h&nh !uJn hon 7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
k
N
N k
N
( (
+
@Png hay sai?
$ @Png
C
li%n \i zNh yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
-
f
N
kn
N
n
X k x n (

cD !h) 1Fc phn chia !hnh !\ng

ca hai !hnh phJn ng vAi n chn v l nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) 0 - 0 -
0 - 0
f f
0 0 -
N N
k m mk
N N
m m
x m ( x m (

+

+ +

C la giai o>n !&nh !on zNh #hi e8 !hWo !hu! !on NNh c9 s" 0 1Fc !h) hin ^ h2nh sau. 4,y cho
$i%! cc $1Ac !hIc hin7
bf
$ @Ju !iXn l !&nh k zNh 0 i)mC !i%p !hWo l !&nh 0 zNh k i)m v cu"i cng l !&nh mB! zNh i)m.
C hhu! !on NNh c9 s" k l !hu! !on7
$ (D !h) !hIc hin $:ng !hu! !on NNh c9 s" 0 nh1ng hiu 5u< !&nh !on chm h9n
Cu loi 3: 120s 5 cu
C Php !&nh cnh $1Am c9 $<n !rong !hu! !on NNh !hWo !h=i gian nh1 minh ho> sauC h,y 'c nh Ju
ra v l








$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
b ( a A
r
N
+
C yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
b ( a
r
N

C Php !&nh cnh $1Am c9 $<n !rong !hu! !on NNh !hWo !Jn s" nh1 minh ho> sauC h,y 'c nh Ju ra
v l




l

L
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk b a A + C yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
r
N
( b a
C dhi $i%n \i zNh 1Fc phn ra !hnh 0 !hnh phJn ng vAi n chn v n l nh1 sau7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
-
f
N
kn kn kn
N N N
n n n
X k x n ( x n ( x n (

+

chn l
ha s3 'y *Ing 1Fc !hu! !on7
$ NNh phn chia !hWo !h=i gian
b-
C dhi $i%n \i zNh 1Fc phn ra !hnh 0 !hnh phJn ng vAi n ch>y !M f %n .eo0/E- v n ch>y !M eo0
%n eE- nh1 sau7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
( )
( )
0 -
-
f 0
N
N
kn kn
N N
n n N
X k x n ( x n (

+

ha s3 'y *Ing 1Fc !hu! !on7
$ NNh phn chia !hWo !Jn s"
C dhi !&nh !on zNh e i)m .e8H./ !hWo *>ng7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
- -
f f
C C
) M
l" m" lp
N M )
l m
X p " ( x l m ( (



1

' )
1
]

so vAi !&nh !on zNh !h;ng !h1=ng !a !h?y7
$ [" php nhnC php cBng cJn !hIc hin s3 gi<m i.
Cu loi 4: 180s 4 cu
C RAi nh '> !hWo hng v cB!C $i%n \i zNh
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

+ +

-
f
-
f
C C
)
l
l m) " Mp
N
M
m
( m l x " p X
cD !h) 1Fc $i+u nh1 sau7

$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
- -
f f
C C
) M
l" m" lp
N M )
l m
X p " ( x l m ( (



1

' )
1
]

C
@) !hIc hin !&nh !on7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
- -
f f
C C
) M
l" m" lp
N M )
l m
X p " ( x l m ( (



1

' )
1
]


!a ph<i !&nh !on 5ua cc $1Ac7
$ l1Ac -. @Ju !iXnC chPng !a !&nh cc zNh yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
M
i)m.
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) - f C C
-
f

M " ( m l x " l F
M
m
m"
M
vAi mi hng
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk - C C 0 C - C f ) l K .
l1Ac 0. hi%p DC !a !&nh mB! m<ng ch6 nh! mAi yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) " l . C 1Fc 'c nh
nh1 sau7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
- f
- f
C C

M "
) l
" l F ( " l .
l"
N

l1Ac b. (u"i cngC chPng !a !&nh !on cc zNh yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
)
i)m.
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )

-
f
C C
)
l
lp
)
( " l . " p X vAi mi cB! yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk - C C - C f M " K C ca m<ng yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) " l . C .
C
dhi chiSu *i yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk )M N C *,y yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
N
x n cD !h)
1Fc l1u !rong mB! m<ng hai chiSu !hWo cc cch #hc nhau !u] !hWo vic nh '> ca chZ s" yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
n
cho cc chZ s" yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) m lC vAi7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhkl l chZ s" hng yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk - f ) l
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
m
l chZ s" cB! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk - f M m
C eh= !&nh !hun lFi ca cc !&nh ch?! "i 'ng h2nh hGc v !&nh ch?! !uJn hon ca cc h s" mj
b0
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
kn
N
(
!rong cc $i)u *i+n zNh yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk N l s" mj c9
s" 0C !a cD !h)7
$
i<m s" l1Fng php nhn cJn !hi%! cho !&nh !on zNh !M yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
0
N

'u"ng
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk N N
0
log
bb
CHNG ': CMU TRNC B= ->C ,
Cu loi 1: 60s 5 cu
C hrong m; !< hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca $B lGc s"7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
H
r
r
r f
e
#
#
# -
$ v
4.v/
- a v

ha cD yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )

M
k
k
k
z b z H
f
-
l $B lGc7
$ cha !on i)m #h;ng.
C hrong m; !< hm !ruySn >! 4.v/ ca $B lGc s"7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
H
r
r
r f
e
#
#
# -
$ v
4.v/
- a v

ha cD yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )

N
k
k
k
z a
z H
-
0
-
-
l $B lGc7
$ cha !on i)m cIc.
Cu !". hrong s9 L h !h"ngC n%u !a !hay \i c?u !rPc h !h"ng !hWo 5uy lu! nh1 sau7
/ Thay th0 n1t c2n3 b4n3 n1t nh5nh -6 n378c l9i$
/ :;# h7<n3 c=a t>t c; c5c h? s@ truyAn B9t nh5nh -6 c5c nh5nh$
/ :Ci chD tEn hi?u -6# -6 tEn hi?u ra ch# nhau$
!h2 !a 1Fc mB! h !h"ng mAi !19ng 19ng vAi h !h"ng cj.
Ph! $i)u !rXn Png hay sai?
$ @Png
Cu !"!.
(?u !rPc h !h"ng 1Fc 'y *Ing7
$ zIa !rXn ph19ng !r2nh sai phn m; !< h !h"ng7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( ) ( )
e H
# r
# - r f
y n a y n # $ ' n #

+

hoTc
4m !ruySn >! m; !< h !h"ng7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
H
r
r
r f
e
#
#
# -
$ v
4.v/
- a v

Cu !"".
(?u !rPc n"i !i%p ca e h !h"ng n"i !i%p 1Fc m; !< nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
-
N
k
k
H z . H z

7 h s"
Cu loi 2: 90s 5 cu
Cu !"#.
(ho h !h"ng 1Fc m; !< nh1 h2nh v3C h,y 'c nh hm !ruySn >! h !h"ng
bk
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
f
-
-
-
b
H z
a z

+
Cu !"$.
(ho h !h"ng nh1 h2nh v3C h,y cho $i%! ph19ng !r2nh sai phn m; !< h !h"ng
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$.
y.n/ 8 Ea-y.nE-/ a $f'.n/ a $-'.nE-/
Cu !"%.
@p ng 'ung $B lGc s" NV cD !&nh ch?!7
$. yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) h n h e - n t
Cu !"&.
(c *>ng c?u !rPc ca $B lGc s" V !19ng !I nh1 c?u !rPc $B lGc s" NV nh1ng $B lGc s" V cD !hXm
c?u !rPc song songC Png hay sai?
$.
@Png
Cu !"'.
(?u !rPc $B lGc s" NV 1Fc 'y *Ing *Ia !rXn !&nh ch?! "i 'ng hoTc ph<n "i 'ng ca p ng
'ung h.n/ s3 cD s" $B cBng v nhn gi6 nguyXn #h;ng \i nh1 c?u !rPc *>ng !rIc !i%p Png hay sai?
$.
@Png.
Cu loi 3: 120s 4 cu
Cu !"(.
(ho s9 L h !h"ng nh1 h2nh v3C h,y cho $i%! hm !ruySn >! ca h !h"ng7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
- 0
f - 0
- 0
- 0
$ $ v $ v
4.v/
- a v a v


+ +

+ +
Cu !#).
4,y cho $i%! s9 L h !h"ng nh1 h2nh v3 l ^
*>ng c?u !rPc no?
br
( )
~ v
f
b
( )
X v
0
b
-
b
a
-
a
0
a
a
-
z
a a
-
z
-
z
-
z
( )
~ v
f
b
( )
X v
-
b
a
-
a
0
a
a
-
z
a a
-
z
-
z
-
z
$ (?u !rPc !rIc !i%p
Cu !#.
(?u !rPc n"i !i%p ca $; lGc s" *Ia !rXn $i)u *i+n hm !ruySn >! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
-
N
k
k
H z . H z

!rong DC hm !ruySn >! mi m! lGc yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
k
H z
cD Tc i)m sau7
$.
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
k
H z l hm $c 0. yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
- 0
- 0
-
k k k
H z b z b z

+ +
Cu !#!.
(ho h !h"ng 1Fc m; !< $^i ph19ng !r2nh sai phn sau7
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 - k u - 0 y n y n x n x n x n + + +
4,y !h) hin h !h"ng ^ *>ng !rIc !i%p
$
Cu loi 4: 180s 3 cu
Cu !#".
(ho h !h"ng cD s9 L nh1 sauC h,y 'c nh
$.
y.n/ a f.ry.nE-/ a 0y.nE0/ 8 0'.n/ a b'.nE-/ a 0'.nE0/
Cu !##.
(ho hm !ruySn >! h !h"ng cD *>ng nh1 sau7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
- 0
f - 0
- 0
- 0
$ $ v $ v
4.v/
- a v a v


+ +

+ +
4,y cho $i%! c?u !rPc *>ng !rIc !i%p chugn !c
bu
0
b
0
a
-
z
( ) n y 0
( ) n x
f.r
b
a
f.r
a
-
z
a
-
z
-
z
0
( ) n y ( ) n x 0
b
a
a
0
a
a
-
z
-
z
f.r




a
a

a
0
a
a


$
Cu !#$.
(ho $B lGc *n - !Jng nh1 hinh v3C h,y 'c nh cc Ju ra -.n/ v g-.n/
$.
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
- f - f -
- - f f -
- -
- -
F n F n k 3 n x n k x n
3 n k F n 3 n k x n x n
+ +
+ +
CHNG (: ->C , NHIU NHO<
Cu loi 1: 60s-13 cu
Cu
!#%.
Ric gi<m !Jn s" l?y mKu !M mB! gi !r yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
s
F vS mB! gi !r yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
s
F

. yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
s s
F F

<
/ gGi l7
$ php phn chia.
C
Ric !sng !Jn s" l?y mKu !M mB! gi !r yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
s
F lXn yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
s
F

. yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
s s
F F

>
/ 1Fc gGi l7
$ php nBi suy.
C 4 !h"ng sau y l $i)u *i+n cho7
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ lB phn chia
C 4 !h"ng sau y l $i)u *i+n cho7
bx









a
a
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ lB nBi suy
C
[au #hi ra #hOi $B phn chia vAi h s" phn chia $:ng 0C chiSu *i ca !&n hiu s3 !hay \i nh1 sau7
$ i<m i mB! n{a
C
e%u !rong mB! h !h"ng '{ lY s" !&n hiuC !Jn s" l?y mKu .nhp l?y mKu/ 1Fc !hay \i !rong 5u !r2nh '{ lY
!h2 h !h"ng '{ lY D l h !h"ng '{ lY s" nhiSu nhp. @Png hay sai?
$ @Png
C lB phn chia #h;ng gy ra hin !1Fng chLng ph\C Png hay sai
$ [ai
C lB nBi suy #h;ng gy ra hin !1Fng chLng ph\C Png hay sai
$ @Png
C 4,y cho $i%! s9 L *1Ai y l s9 L g2?
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ [9 L m, ho $sng con 0 $sng lGc
C
[au #hi ra #hOi $B nBi suy vAi h s" nBi suy $:ng 0C chiSu *i ca !&n hiu s3 !hay \i nh1 sau7
$ hsng lXn g?p ;i
C
uan h sau Png hay sai7 yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
0 0
r r
y n y n

$ [ai
C 4ai s9 L sau l Lng nh?! Png hay sai?
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ @Png
C
Ph\ !&n hiu yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
j
X e

1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 sau7
b
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
dhi i 5ua $B lGc nBi suy vAi h s" nBi suy 80 !a 1Fc ph\ yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( )
0
j
G e

nh1 h2nh v3. @Png hay sai?

yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ @Png
Cu loi 2: 90s-10 cu
C
dhi i 5ua $B phn chiaC !&n hiu s3 cD Tc i)m sau7
$ hrong miSn n !h2 chiSu *i !&n hiu co l>iC !rong miSn !Jn s" yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk

!h2
ph\ !&n hiu $ gi,n ra
C
dhi i 5ua $B nBi suyC !&n hiu s3 cD Tc i)m sau7
$ hrong miSn n !h2 chiSu *i !&n hiu gi,n raC !rong miSn !Jn s" yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk

!h2 ph\ !&n hiu $ co l>i.

C
@"i vAi s9 L 1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 sau7
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
ha !h?y Ju ra ca h !h"ng s3 cD *>ng nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
m
M
M
m
G z x m z

vAi iSu #in m l s" nguyXn lJn ca H
C
H"i liXn 5uan gi6a Ju vo v Ju ra h !h"ng #hi phn chia !hWo h s" H !rong miSn 3MB3D
34u5678n.D,MT#

1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 sau7

$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0
-
f
l
M
j
j
M
M
l
l
G e X e
M

C
@"i vAi $B nBi suy !a s3 cD 5uan h vo ra !rong miSn n nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
fC - C 0 C...
f
)
n
x n ) )
y n )
n

_
t t

, '

b
C
(ho s9 L 1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 sau7
3MB3D V7P78.DQ5R7nS.%
ha !h?y Ju ra ca h !h"ng s3 cD *>ng nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
)
)
G z X z

C dhi !&n hiu i 5ua h !h"ng $i%n \i nhp l?y mKu h s" HoC vAi H8 !hWo $i%n \i yHlyz
y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0
-
f
-
.
M
j l
M
M
l
M
G z X z e
M

!a cD !&n hiu ra s3 #h;ng $ sai lchC

Png hay sai
$ [ai
C
4 !h"ng v m"i liXn 5uan gi6a Ju vo v Ju ra h !h"ng #hi nBi suy !hWo h s" !rong miSn 3MB3D
34u5678n.D,MT#

1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 sau.

$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
( ) ( )
j j )
)
G e X e

C [9 L $i)u *i+n $B lGc phn chia nh1 h2nh v3 s3 !19ng ng vAi *Kn gi<i no sau y7
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
$ @Ju !iXn !&n hiu '.n/ i 5ua $B lGc !h;ng !h?p vAi !Jn s" c! yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
c
M

C sau D cho 5ua $B phn chia h s" H ) !rnh hin !1Fng chLng ph\.
C
(ho s9 L 1Fc $i)u *i+n nh1 sau7
3MB3D V7P78.DQ5R7nS.%
RAi Ju vo yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
- 0 b k r
0 b 0 X z z z z z z

+ + + + v h s" 80 !a cD Ju
ra l7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0 k u -f
0
0 b 0 G z z z z z z

+ + + +
Cu loi 3: 120s-8 cu
C
uan h vo ra ca $B lGc phn chia 1Fc $i)u *i+n !rong miSn n nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
H H M
k
y n y nM x k h nM k

C
uan h vo ra ca $B lGc phn chia 1Fc $i)u *i+n !rong miSn v nh1 sau7
kf
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
- 0 - 0
-
f
-
.
M
j l j l
M M M M
H M
l
G z X z e H z e
M

_ _

, ,

C
uan h vo ra ca $B lGc phn chia 1Fc $i)u *i+n !rong miSn nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0 0
-
f
-
.
l l
M
j j
j
M M
H M
l
G e X e H e
M

_ _

, ,

C
uan h vo ra ca $B lGc nBi suy 1Fc $i)u *i+n !rong miSn n nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
)H )
k k
k
y n y k h n k x h n k
)



_


,

C
uan h vo ra ca $B lGc nBi suy 1Fc $i)u *i+n !rong miSn v nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ( ) .
)
)H
G z X z H z

C
uan h vo ra ca $B lGc nBi suy 1Fc $i)u *i+n !rong miSn nh1 sau7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( ) ( )
.
.
j j) j
)H
G e X e H e

C
uan h vo ra ca h !h"ng $i%n \i nhp l?y mKu !hWo h s" Ho !rong miSn v #hi phn chia !r1Ac v nBi
suy sau 1Fc !h) hin !hWo 5uan h7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0
-
f
-
)
M
j l
M M
M
l
)
G z X z e
M

C
uan h vo ra ca h !h"ng $i%n \i nhp l?y mKu !hWo h s" Ho !rong miSn v #hi n;i suy !r1Ac v phn
chia sau 1Fc !h) hin !hWo 5uan h7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0
-
f
-
)
M
j )l
M M
M
l
)
G z X z e
M

Cu loi 43: 180s-4 cu

C
uan h vo ra ca h !h"ng $i%n \i nhp l?y mKu !hWo h s" Ho !rong miSn #hi phn chia !r1Ac v nBi
suy sau 1Fc !h) hin !hWo 5uan h7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
0
-
f
-
j
) l
M
j
j
M
M M
l
) )
z e
G e G z X e
M

_


,

C
uan h vo ra ca h !h"ng $i%n \i nhp l?y mKu !hWo h s" Ho !rong miSn #hi n;i suy !r1Ac v phn
chia sau 1Fc !h) hin !hWo 5uan h7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( ) ( )
0
-
f
-
j
) )l
M
j
j
M
M M
l
) )
z e
G e G z X e
M

_


,

C
(ho !&n hiu7
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk
- f u
. /
u
f
n
n
x n
n

'

4,y 'c nh !&n hiu #hi i 5ua $B phn chia vAi h s" H80
k-
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0
f y

8 -n yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0
- y

8 0obn
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
0
0 y

8 -obn
C
@"i vAi h !h"ng cD s9 L #h"i nh1 sau7
yHlyz Risio.zraing.u
dhi EMBED EquationD!M"4 ( )
- 0 b k r
0 b 0 X z z z z z z

+ + + + !a cD7
$
yHlyz y5ua!ion.z[Hhk ( )
- 0
0
k k G z z z

+
k0