KT Cao Thng Lop CDTH07A

Bo Co n Mn
Quan Tri Mang Linux
Ti: Thit lp Mail Server trn Linux
Nhm Sinh Vin: Huynh Tun Giang, Chnh Chi Huy, Nguyn Quang Khai,
Phan Nht Nam, L Van Nhu, Duong V Pht
2/14/2010

Cch Thit lp Mail Server trn Linux
Email l mt trong nhung ung dung mang lu doi nht nhung lai ph dung nht. D cu
hnh h thng Linux cua ban thnh mt Mail Server hoat dng tt, thuc su dng tin cy
th di hoi nguoi quan tri phai c kinh nghim d thuc hin cc cu hnh phuc tap v kh
khn. Mt tin tt lnh l nu ban cn mt Mail Server chi d gui v nhn mail don gian
trong h thng quy m nho hay dng cho mang ni b cua mnh th vic thit lp khng
my kh khn v nhung nguoi moi lm quen voi Linux vn c th thuc hin duoc (V
dy l di tuong m Bi bo co ny huong dn).
1.1 Cu trc mt h thng Email hon chinh
1.1.1 Mail User Agent (MUA) hay Mail Client l cc ung dung truc tip tuong tc voi
nguoi dng d vit, gui v doc email. Cc mail client thng dung nht l Outlook Express,
Microsoft Outlook, Thunderbird (C phin ban chay trn Linux) trn h diu hnh
Windows. Trn h diu hnh Linux l Evolution hay Kmail.
1.1.2 Mail Transfer Agent
Mail Transfer Agent l mt phn cua h thng email, dam nhn cng vic chuyn cc
email tu mt my tnh ny sang my tnh khc (c th l chuyn dn cc User khc
trn cng mt Mail Server hay qua Internet dn MTA cua nguoi nhn Ni cch khc
th Mail Transfer Agent l b phn m Mail Server dng d chuyn thu qua lai giua
cc my tnh hay giu cc nguoi dng trong h thng). C rt nhiu lua chon v cc
MTA c th duoc dng trn Linux nhu Sendmail, Postfix, Fetchmail, Qmail v
Exim
1.1.3 Mail Delivery Agent
Mail Delivery Agent hoat dng ngm pha sau, dng vai tr l mt b loc email giua
MTA v MUA, ung dung thuong thy nht cua MDA l dng d loc bo cc email
khng mong mun (hay cn goi l spam thu rc). Cc MDA thng dung nht trn
Linux l Spamassasin v Procmail.
1.1.4 SMTP
SMTP l vit tt cua Simple Mail Transport Protocol. Dy l giao thuc duoc su dung boi
cc h thng email d chuyn cc mail messages tu Server ny sang Server khc. SMTP
duoc xem l ngn ngu chung dng d giao tip giua cc MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) khi
cn "ni chuyn" v chuyn thng dip voi nhau.
1.1.5 POP3
POP3 (Post Office Protocol) l giao thuc dng d ly Email tu Mail Server, thng qua kt
ni TCP/IP.



2. Thit lp Mail Server trn Linux (Bi bo co ny minh hoa bng Fedora 12)
2.1 Ci }t Postfix
Tai v v ci dt tu Internet bng lnh yum trong Terminal
#yumi nst al l post f i x
Hoc don gian hon l dua dia Fedora 12 vo, thu muc Packages, tm file postfix-2.6.5-
2.fc12.i686.rpm, chay truc tip file ny d ci dt Postfix vo my. Khi ci dt gi
postfix-2.6.5-2.fc12.i686 s xut hin thm yu cu ci dt thm gi mysql-libs-5.1.42-
7.fc12 (mysql-libss cung d c sn trong dia Fedora 12 version 5.1.36) d phuc vu cho
vic ci dt v su dung postfix.
Hoc vo trang http://postfix.org/download.html d tai gi ci dt postfix v my (phin
ban moi nht v n dinh nht o thoi dim hin nay l 2.6.5). Tp tin tai v c tn postfix-
2.6.5.tar.gz, tip theo l giai nn, vo Terminal v chuyn dn thu muc vua giai nn, g
lnh (Yu cu h thng d ci dt MySQL Shared Library truoc):
#make i nst al l
2.2 Cu hnh Postfix
MTA duoc su dung trong Fedora l sendmail, nu mun cu hnh postfix tro thnh MTA
mc dinh trong Fedora th chng ta phai tt service sendmail v thay th bng service
postfix moi vua ci dt:
Tt dich vu sendmail
#ser vi ce sendmai l st op
Cu hnh d postfix thay th vai tr cua sendmail
#al t er nat i ves conf i g mt a
Nu thy xut hin thm lua chon postfix trong danh sch cc mta nghia l ban d ci dt
postfix thnh cng. G +2 (selection number) d dua postfix tro thnh mta mc dinh
trong Fedora 12.


Cu hnh dich vu postfix tu khoi dng cng voi my
#chkconf i g post f i x on

/etc/postfix/main.cf l tp tin cu hnh chnh cua postfix

Mt s cc Option quan trong trong file main.cf m ban cn quan tm dn l:
myhost name = mt a1. domai n. com
mydomai n = domai n. com
myor i gi n = $myhost name
i net _i nt er f aces = $myhost name

(Tham khao chi tit trong bi vit Postfix Basic Configuration - http://goo.gl/kUiL hay
cc comment trong file /etc/postfix/main.cf)
Chuyn huong cc Email gui dn root (root l mt quyn trong Linux, mt loai ti khoan
"ao", do d Email gui dn root th root s khng nhn duoc) dn mt User khc:
#vi / et c/ al i ases
Tm dn dng v sua lai:
#Per son who shoul d get r oot ' s mai l
r oot : eddi e
#Chuyn ht t h cho t i khon eddi e
Cp nht lai thng tin cua file aliases, ta g lnh:
# / usr / bi n/ newal i ases
Khoi dng Postfix:
/ usr / sbi n/ post f i x st ar t
Nu ban khng nhn duoc thng dip bo li no th vic ci dt v cu hnh postfix d
thnh cng. Hoc d chc chn hon, c th Kim tra vic ci dt Postfix bng lnh telnet
sau:
#t el net l ocal host 25
Hay
#t el net l ocal host smt p
Nu nhn duoc thng bo kt ni thnh cng th g quit d thot hoc gui thu mt Email
ngay trong Terminal:
#t el net l ocal host smt p
ehl o host
mai l f r om: t huyt u
r cpt t o: eddi e
dat a
Subj ect : Hel l o
Gui t hu Emai l
.
qui t

Kim tra tp tin MailBox cua eddie (mc dinh l /var/spool/mail/eddie hoc c th quy
dinh khc di trong option home_mailbox trong file /etc/postfix/main.cf) s nhn duoc
mt Email c tiu d "Hello" v ni dung l "Gui thu Email" tu nguoi gui l
"thuytu@localhost.linux" v nguoi nhn l "eddie@localhost.linux". Mt cch khc:
trong Terminal, trong ti khoan eddie, g lnh #mai l d kim tra cc email cua user ny.



2.3 Ci }t DoveCot
DoveCot l dich vu dng d nhn v phn pht mail toi cc user, su dung giao thuc POP3
hoc IMAP. D c mt Mail Server hon chinh th ngoi cch ci dt postfix lm SMTP
th dng DoveCot lm POP3 l khng th thiu.
Cch ci dt DoveCot cung tuong tu nhu postfix:
C th dng lnh #yumi nst al l DoveCot d tai v v ci dt tu Internet
Tm gi dovecot-1.2.6-4-fc12-i386.rpm trong thu muc Packages dia Fedora 12 v
chay gi ny d ci dt
Truy cp trang http://www.dovecot.org/download.html d tai gi ci dt v, giai
nn, chuyn dn thu muc vua giai nn v cung su dung lnh #make i nst al l
d ci dt DoveCot
2.4 Cu hnh DoveCot
Tp tin cu hnh chnh cua DoveCot l /etc/dovecot.conf
Tin hnh thm vo dng sau:
protocols =imap imaps pop3 pop3s
Thit lp lai chnh xc Mail Location (Thu muc chua Mail) trong Dovecot:
mail_location =/var/spool/mail/%u
(Do trong postfix, ta d chon noi chua mail l /var/spool/mail/tn_ti_khoan, ban c th
thay Option mail_location cua dovecot ging voi Option home_mailbox m ban d ty
chinh trong tp tin cu hnh cua postfix)
Chay dich vu dovecot:
#ser vi ce dovecot st ar t
Cu hnh d dovecot tu khoi dng cng my tnh:
#chkconf i g dovecot on
Kim tra DoveCot d hoat dng hay chua bng cch kt ni dn cng POP3 cua
MailServer:
#t el net l ocal host 110
Hay
#t el net l ocal host pop3
user eddi e (Dng nhp vo User eddie)
pass 123456 (mt khu cua user eddie)
STAT (Kim tra hp thu cua user eddie)
qui t (Thot)
Ngoi ra, c th su dung giao thuc IMAP (Cng mc dinh l 143) trn dovecot

2.5 Thu nghim Gui v Nhn thu bng Thunderbird


Li Kt: Trong bo co ny chi huong dn d thu nghim thit lp Mail Server don gian
trn localhost D ty bin Mail Server ny d su dung trong mang ni b (Intranet)
hoc xa hon nua l c th dng trn pham vi ton th gioi (Internet) th cn rt nhiu
chuyn phai lm (Bao mt, Antivirus, b loc thu rc...)
Nu trong qu trnh cu hnh postfix v dovecot c xay ra li g, cc ban c th kim tra
trong log /var/log/message v /var/log/maillog d bit nguyn nhn v tm hiu cch khc
phuc.


Ti liu tham khao:
http://www.linuxtopia.org/HowToGuides/linux_email_setup_guide/linux_email_intro1.ht
ml
http://www.linuxmail.info/
http://www.hypexr.org/linux_mail_server.php
http://flurdy.com/docs/postfix/
http://ddcntt.vn/forum/showthread.php?t=224
http://my.opera.com/vantintttp/blog/setup-postfix-dovecot
http://fedorasolved.org/server-solutions/postfix-mail-server

Mc Lc
1.1 Cu trc mt h thng Email hon chinh ................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Mail User Agent (MUA) ..................................................................................... 2
1.1.2 Mail Transfer Agent ............................................................................................ 2
1.1.3 Mail Delivery Agent ........................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 SMTP ................................................................................................................. 2
1.1.5 POP3................................................................................................................... 3
2. Thit lp Mail Server trn Linux .................................................................................. 4
2.1 Ci dt Postfix ....................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Cu hnh Postfix .................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Ci dt DoveCot .................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Cu hnh DoveCot ................................................................................................. 8
2.5 Thu nghim Gui v Nhn thu bng Thunderbird .................................................. 10
Loi Kt ...................................................................................................................... 11
Ti liu tham khao ..................................................................................................... 12