Database and Database

Management Systems
Concepts
What is a Database?
Collection / repository of data
Persistent store
Logically related
Meaningful data
Specific purpose
Largely varying size
Various applications
Database Management
System (DBMS)
Collection of programs that help to create and maintain a database
Aggregate of data, hardware, software and users
Environment that is convenient and efficient to use
Provides fast and reliable access to data
Manages memory, processes, I/O
Manages the storage and manipulation of the data
Monitors database usage
Examples of DBMS and
Applications
Examples of DBMS:
Microsoft SQL Server
Oracle DBMS
MySQL
Applications:
Banking
Ticket reservations
Government services
E-Learning, E-Commerce
The list of data driven applications is endless
Core Functionalities
Maintain data integrity
Allow concurrency
Provide security
Provide backup and recovery
Control redundancy
Provide query language
Perform query optimization
Allow data independence
Levels of Abstraction
Database Languages
Two Types:
Database Definition Language (DDL)
Data types
Primary keys / Foreign keys
Indexes
Database Manipulation Language (DML)
Data retrieval
Data update
Data Models
Set of tools for describing:
Data
Data relationships
Data semantics
Data constraints
Popular data models:
Relational Model
Entity-Relationship Model
Other Models
Object oriented, Network, Hierarchical
Example of Relational Model
Example of E-R Model
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