VUA L THI T MT LC BAO NHIU TUI ?

PGS.TS. Nguyn Cng L 1

Sau mi nm chin u gian kh, cui nm inh Mi [1427] qun dn i
Vit chin thng qun Minh xm lc, T quc c c lp, nhn dn c
sng trong cnh thi bnh, Bnh nh vng L Li ln ngi vua vo thng 4 nm
Mu Thn [1428], hiu l L Thi T [1428-1433], lm vua c 6 nm, mt nm
1433. S d c cu hi trn l bi trong cc b s thi phong kin v thi hin i
ghi chp khng thng nht v tui khi mt ca ngi anh hng dn tc, v lnh
t Ngha qun Lam Sn. B chnh s i Vit s k ton th v b bch khoa th
Lch triu hin chng loi ch th chp vua th 51 tui; trong khi i Vit
thng s, Khm nh Vit s thng gim cng mc, Vit Nam s lc th chp
vua th 49 tui. C th nh sau:
i Vit s k ton th l b chnh s ca triu Hu L, y l b s u tin
c vit v vua L Thi T phn Bn k thc lc, quyn th X, k nh L, mc
Thi T Cao hong nh sau: Vua h L, hu l Li, ngi hng Lam Sn,
huyn Lng Giang, trn Thanh Ho, ngi 6 nm, th 51 tui, chn Vnh

PGS.TS. Trng HKHXH&NV-HQG TP HCM. Nh s 130/4 ng s 30, Phng 6, Q. G Vp,

TP. HCM. T: 0905156830.

Lng2; v: Qu Su, nm th 6 () Thng 8 nhun, sao chi mc phng ty.

Ngy 22 vua bng chnh tm3.
Lch triu hin chng loi ch ca Phan Huy Ch, ti quyn VI, mc Nhn
vt ch, phn vit v Dng chnh thng cc vng, Nh L, Thi T Cao
hong , sch ghi rng: Nm Mu Tut [1418] dy ngha binh Lam Sn, t
xng Bnh nh vng. Phi nh hng trm trn gian nan mi qut sch gic
Ng, trong mi nm mi nh yn t nc. Vua ln ngi ng Kinh 4, tn
nc l i Vit. () Vua ly hiu l Lam Sn ng ch, ly ngy sinh lm Vn
th thnh tit. Li nh lut lnh, t l nhc, thi c, cm v v quan chc, lp ra
ph huyn, thu cc sch, dng nh hc, thi hnh chnh s r rt ng k. Vua
ngi su nm, th 51 tui, t nin hiu mt ln5 (nin hiu Thun Thin [14281433] - NCL ch). C l nh bc hc Phan Huy Ch da vo b chnh s ca
triu L vit Lch triu hin chng loi ch nn mi ghi vua th 51 tui.
2

i Vit s k ton th, bn dch ca Vin S hc, tp 3, bn in ln th 2, Nxb KHXH, HN, 1972, tr.5.
Xin c ni thm:
1. Vnh Lng khng phi l a danh m l tn lng miu chn ct thi hi ca vua L Thi T, cn lng
miu chn vua L Thi Tng gi l Sn Lng. S sch dch nh th, c th gy hiu nhm cho ngi c.
2. Xa nay nhiu nh nghin cu trong nhiu cng trnh v bi vit ca mnh ghi rng tc gi b i
Vit s k ton th l ca Ng S Lin, thit ngh, ghi nh th l khng chnh xc. Bi v thi gian phn
nh, b chnh s ny chp t h Hng Bng n nm t Mo 1675 i vua L Gia Tng [1671-1675]. B
s ny do nhiu th h cc nh vit s tham gia bin son v c khc mc bn in vo nm 1697.
Tin thn ca b i Vit s k ton th l b i Vit s k ca L Vn Hu (th k XIII, i Trn; b S
k tc bin ca Phan Phu Tin u i hu L s, khong nm 30 ca th k XV cui i L Thi T
[1428-1433], u i L Thi Tng [1433-1442]; b S k ton th ca Ng S Lin (c s tham gia ca
V Qunh) bin son xong vo nm 1479 i L Thnh Tng [1460-1497]; b Bn k tc bin ca Phm
Cng Tr v ca L Hy, Nguyn Qu c i L Trnh. B i Vit s k ca L Vn Hu l b thng
s xa nht v y nht ca lch s nc nh t th k XIII tr v trc (chp t nh Triu cho n u
nh Trn), b s ny hin nay khng cn. Hin ch cn b i Vit s lc, khuyt danh, vit vo i Trn
(chp lch s t nh Triu Triu V [Triu , 179-137 TrCN] n ht i L Hu Tng [1210-1224],
m b s ny li da vo i Vit s k ca L Vn Hu m tm tt li. Cn b S k ton th ca Ng S
Lin son vo na cui th k XV, Ta nin hiu Hng c th mi, nm K Hi 1479, khi ng gi
chc Tu son S qun, bin son theo lnh ca vua L Thnh Tng [1460-1497], ng cng vi V Qunh
(l ng liu S qun) da rt nhiu vo b i Vit s k ca L Vn Hu v S k tc bin ca Phan
Phu Tin vit lch s nc nh vi ba phn: Ngoi k ton th (t Hng Bng th n Ng s qun);
Bn k ton th (t nh inh n Trng Quang nh Hu Trn); Bn k thc lc (nh L s n u nin
hiu Hng c). n nm t T 1665, nin hiu Cnh Tr th ba, vua L Huyn Tng [1662-1671] v
cha Ty vng Trnh Tc [1657-1682] sai Phm Cng Tr kho nh b S k ton th ca Ng S Lin
v vit thm phn Bn k tc bin, chp n nm 1663. n nm inh Su 1697 i vua L Hy Tng
[1675-1705] v nh vng Trnh Cn [1682-1709] sai L Hy v Nguyn Qu c sa cha v vit nt
phn Bn k tc bin chp lch s t nm 1663 n nm 1675. Nm 1697 b s ny c khc in, mang tn
i Vit s k ton th. Nh vy tc gi ca b i Vit s k ton th l tp th tc gi gm nhiu s
gia t i hu L s cho n i L trung hng, c bin son cc giai on khc nhau nh trn c
nu.
3
i Vit s k ton th, bn dch ca Vin S hc, tp 3, bn in ln th 2, Nxb KHXH, HN, 1972, tr.76.
4
a danh ng Kinh i L s [1428-1527] tc l Thng Long thi L - Trn [1010-1400], ng i
H [1400-1407], lc nh Minh sang xm chim, h i tn l ng Quan. T nh Mc (1527-1592) n
nh L trung hng [1533-1789] th gi l Thng Long [NCL ch].
5
Phan Huy Ch, Lch triu hin chng loi ch, mc Nhn vt ch, bn dch ca Vin S hc, tp 1, Nxb
S hc, HN, 1960, trang 166.

i Vit thng s ca L Qu n bin son nm 1759, quyn II, k

nh, ti cui t 72a u t 72b, ghi rng: Thng 8 nhun, c sao tu tinh xut hin
phng ty. Ngy 22, hong bng h ni Tm in, ngi hng th 49
tui6.
Khm nh Vit s thng gim cng mc Chnh bin l b chnh s ca
triu Nguyn [1802-1945] c bin son t nm 1856 n nm 1881 mi hon
thnh, ti cui quyn th XV c chp: Thng 8 nhun. Sao chi mc phng
ty. Nh vua mt. Nh vua ngi c 6 nm, th 49 tui7. Tip theo, ti li
Cn n, b chnh s ny c bn: Theo Thng s ca L Qu n, nh vua th 49
tui; cn s c v mc Nhn vt ch trong Lch triu hin chng loi ch ca
Phan Huy Ch chp nh vua th 51 tui. Th l hai thuyt khc nhau. Nay xt nh
vua sinh nm t Su, mt nm Qu Su, vy th Thng s l ng. Nay theo
Thng s8.
Vit Nam s lc ca Trn Trng Kim l b s u tin nc ta vit bng
ch Quc ng, in ln u nm 1919, chp rng: Vua L Thi T lm vua c 6
nm th mt, th 49 tui 9, thit ngh, c l khi bin son b Vit Nam s lc, c
L Thn Trn Trng Kim da vo b Cng mc ca triu Nguyn vit li
nhng dng trn.
Nh vy l t na cui th k XIX, khi vit Khm nh Vit s thng gim
cng mc, cc v S quan triu Nguyn c nu vn nn v tui khi mt ca
vua L Thi T ri. Cc v cn nu ra nm sinh v nm mt tnh ra tui ca nh
vua lc mt. C iu, cc v S quan khng cho bit r nm sinh ny l c ly
t ngun ti liu no!
Theo ti, li Cn n ca cc v S quan trong Cng mc ca triu Nguyn
l hon ton chnh xc. Khng nh iu ny l bi nu c k li b chnh s
triu L: i Vit s k ton th th mi thy s ghi chp ca Quc S qun l
khng nht qun v tui khi mt ca vua L Thi T.
Xin lu thm trong i Vit s k ton th phn Bn k thc lc, quyn
th X, k nh L, mc Thi T Cao hong , c s ghi chp thiu nht qun,
on trn th ghi vua th 51 tui nhng on lin sau th ghi vua sinh nm t
Su (tc 1385) cng ghi v gc gc cha m v ngy sinh ca vua nh sau:
Khong10 ly v ngi Ch Sn (Ch Sn l Thu Ch) l Trnh th (hu l
Thng), n nm t Su, thng 8, ngy mng 6, sinh ra vua hng Ch Sn,
huyn Li Dng11. Vua sinh ra thin t tun t khc thng, thn sc p mnh,
mt sng, mm rng, mi cao, vai c nt rui, ting to nh ting chung, i nh
6

L Qu n, i Vit thng s, bn dch ca L Mnh Liu, B Vn ho Gio dc v Thanh nin xut

bn, Si Gn, 1973. n bn in t PDF bi Cng , L Bc, 2001, trang 36.
7
Quc s qun triu Nguyn, Khm nh Vit s thng gim cng mc, bn dch ca Vin S hc [19571960], Nxb GD, HN, 1998. n bn in t PDF bi L Bc, Cng , Ngc Thu, 2001, trang 407.
8
Quc s qun triu Nguyn, Khm nh Vit s thng gim cng mc, sd, trang 408.
9
Trn Trong Kim, Vit Nam s lc, Nxb Vn hc, HN, ti bn, 2008, trang 260.
10
Tc L Khong, l thn ph ca vua L Thi T.

rng, bc nh h, k thc gi bit l ngi phi thng 12. V ngy thng mt

nm th nh trn c nu: vua bng chnh tm (theo i Vit s k ton th),
Tm in (theo Thng s ca L Qu n) vo ngy 22 thng 8 nhun nm Qu
Su.
Nh vy, vua L Thi T sinh ngy mng 6 thng 8 nm t Su, tc
ngy 19 thng 9 nm 1385 v mt ngy 22 thng 8 nhun nm Qu Su, tc
nm 1433, lc 49 tui (tui m).
Trn c s va nu, ti ngh cc Ban bin tp ca Nh xut bn khi ti bn
hoc cc dch gi khi dch li (m c l cng khng cn dch li, bi cc c tc
Nho trc y dch qu tt ri) b i Vit s k ton th v b Lch triu hin
chng loi ch cn phi c ch thch chnh xc vn va nu.
Ngy 05 - 6 - 2013
NCL

11

Ch Sn l tn hng (lng), sau i l thn Thu Ch, huyn Li Dng, nay thuc x Xun Thng,
huyn Th Xun, tnh Thanh Ho.
12
i Vit s k ton th, bn dch ca Vin S hc, tp 3, bn in ln th 2, Nxb KHXH, HN, 1972, tr.5.