khi tng lng cacbon trong thp trc cng tch th bn tng, yu t t chc no c vai tr

quyt nh xu th : lng cha xementit tng

khi tng lng cacbon trong thp qu 1% th bn gim, nguyn nhn l do: to thnh li
xementit theo tinh gii
thp lng v thp si khc nhau nh th no: khc v mc kh oxy trit hay khng trit

trong thp cacbon lng cha C thng thng c th nm trong phm vi: 0,02-2,14%
cc hp cht thng c trong thp cacbon l: Mn, Si, P, S
trong iu kin luyn kim thng thng, thp cacbon lun cha lng Mn, Si nu di y vi
t cch l tp cht: Mn<0,8%, Si<0,6%
photpho, lu huznh l cc nguyn t c hi cho thp phi hn ch v: photpho lm thp gin
ngui, lu huznh lm thp gin nng
trong thp cacbon lng cha P v S thng trong gii hn sau: <0,06%
i tng s dng ch yu ca thp cn nng thng dng l: xy dng
thp HLSA l thp: kt cu hp kim thp bn cao dng trong xy dng
thp kt cu l thp c s dng ch yu trong cc mc ch sau: ch to cc chi tit chu lc
thp thm cacbon thng cha lng cacbon trong khong: <=0,25
thp ha tt thng cha lng cacbon trong khong: 0,3-0,5%
yu cu quan trng vs thp lm l xo l:c gii hn n hi cao
thp d ct c c im g v thnh phn: cha P, S cao hn bnh thng
cc nguyn t hp kim thng dng nht trong thp c cu l: Cr, Ni, Mn
so vs thp cacbon, thp hp kim thp c: c tnh tt hn, tnh cng ngh xu hn, gi thnh t
hn
tnh u vit ca thp hp kim so vi thp cacbon th hin r nht sau cc dng sau: ti v ram
cc nguyn t kim loi c kh nng to cacbit mnh trong thp l: Ti, Nb, Zr, V
thp hp kim c hnh vi c tnh ng lu { g sau khi ram: gin ram
thp HLSA thuc nhm thp hp kim no: hp kim thp
thp c gi l hp kim cao nu tng lng cc nguyn t hp kim cao hn: 10%
thp dng c l thp ch to: dng c gia cng cc vt liu khc
cc nguyn t hp kim thng dng trong thp dng c l: Cr, Mo, V, W
nu thnh phn ca mc thp 20CrNi theo TCVN: 0,2%C+1%Ni+1%Cr
trong cc mc thp 40Cr, 20CrNi, 40CrNi, 50CrV (TCVn) th loi no c th dng ch to chi tit
thm cacbon: 20CrNi
trong cc mc thp 40MnS, 40CrNi, 50CrV, 60Si2Cr (TCVN) th loi no c th dng ch to l
xo: 60Si2Cr
hy chn mc thp ph hp nht trong cc mc thp sau ch to trc truyn ng: 40CrNi
ch to 1 bnh rng vi yu cu c tnh cao ngi ta chn thp thm C18Cr2Ni4Mo. hy
chn quy trnh nhit luyn ti u sau thm: +ti 1 ln+ram
ch to trc truyn ng ngi ta hay dng thp 40CrNi. cho bit chu trnh nhit luyn sau
khi gia cng c: ti+ram cao
ngi ta s dng dy thp mc 60Si2Cr ch to l xo, cn nht luyn ntn: ti+ram trung bnh
ti+ram thp l phng php nhit luyn p dng cho: dao ct
ti + ram cao l phng php nhit luyn ci thin mnh nht dai va p cho thp c:
C=0,3%-0,5%
ram trung bnh l phng php nhit luyn p dng cho thp: C=0,55%-0,65%
ti cm ng l phng php hu hiu cho: bnh rng, trc khuu
gin ram loi 2 xy ra khi: ram cao 1 s thp hp kim
gin ram loi 2 xy ra vs thp mc (k hiu): 40CrNi
thm cacbon l phng php nhit luyn p dng tt nht cho: bnh rng
vi k hiu 20Cr khi ch to bnh rng phi nhit luyn bng: Ti b mt+gia cng lnh
thp vs k hiu 18Cr2Ni4MoA c dn ch to bnh rng v: chu c va p cao, bn
cao, chu mi mn tt,
kim loi l: cc vt th c nh kim v d bin dng
i vi thp trc cng tch v cng tch (<=0,8%C): A3+(30-50)
i vs thp sau cng tch (>=0,9%C): A1+(30-50)~~760-780
vi cc thnh phn cc nguyn t khc nh nhau, lm dy cp chu ti c bn ln nht
phi dng thp vi %C: 0,4-0,6%
thp lng v thp si khc nhau nh th no: khc v mc kh oxy trit hay khng trit

thp l dp su ngoi lng cacbon rt thp(<=0,1%) ta phi c: silisc cc thp (<=0,05%)
thp thm cacbon thng cha lng cacbon trong khong: 0,7-0,9%
thp ha tt thng cha lng cacbon trong khong: 0,3-0,5%
thp c gi l hp kim thp nu tng lng cc nguyn t hp kim nh hn: 2,5%
nu thp c cha nhiu nguyn t hp kim m rng vng gama th ph no d to ra: austenit
nu thp c cha nhiu nguyn t m rng vng anpha th pha no d to ra: ferit
trong 4 mc thp theo TCVN: C20, C40, C60, C80 th mc thp no ph hp nht ch to mt
trc truyn ng bnh rng: C40
trong 4 mc thp theo TCVN: CT61, C60, CD70, BCT61 th mc thp no ph hp nht ch
to ko ct giy: c60
ng dng quan trng nht ca gang cu l: ch to cu
hy chn mc thp ph hp nht trong cc phng n sau ch to trc truyn ng: 40CrNi
ti+x l lnh, hy sp xp cc loi gang xm, cu, do theo th t tng dn v c tnh: gang
xm-gang do-gang cu
ura l tn gi hp kim nhm h: Al-Cu-Mg
nhng yu t no l c trng nht i vi ng (ng nguyn cht): rt d bin dng, dn
in v dn nhit tt
tn gi chung ca h Cu-Zn l: latng (ng thau)
tnh u vit no nh quan tm nht ca brng so vi latng: bn
c tnh ca cc loi gang c ph thuc vo t chc nn: P, F, hoc P+F. hy sp xp bn
tng dn ca 3 loi t chc : F - (F+P) - P
cc loi gang thng dng trong c kh( xm, cu, do) c c tnh khc nhau l do: phng thc
nhit luyn
ch to gang do bng cch: kh b trit photpho, lu huznh
to phi cho chi tit gang bng phng php no: c