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NUI CY MM NG PHT HOA LAN H IP
(PHALAENOPSIS SP.)
Nguyn Th Pha
1
, Trn Th Xun Mai
1
, L Th Mai Trang
2
v Nguyn Th Lin
1


ABSTRACT
This research study on building the proceduce for direct shoot regeneration of
Phalaenopsis orchid from dormant buds of flower stalks. The results showed that: The
medium with low macro and micro salt ( macro MS + micro MS, plus 2 mg/l BAP
and 0.5mg/l NAA) obtaining the highest number of shoots regeneration after 60 days of
subculture inoculum (2.83 shoots/bud). The different position of dormant buds produced
different shoots proliferation. Dormant buds near the base of flower stalks regenerated
more vegetative shoots (82%), while dormant buds far from the base of flower stalks gave
more reproductive shoot (33.24%). The medium of B5 macro salt and MS micro salt
without plant growth regulator, vitamin and organic extract was most suitable for root
regeneration (average 2 roots with 0.87 cm length).
Keywords: In vitro propagation, Phalaenopsis, culture media, plant growth regulator,
dormant buds, flower stalk
Title: Direct shoot regeneration from dormant buds of flower stalks of Phalaenopsis
orchids
TM TT
ti nghin cu xy dng quy trnh nhn ging trc tip lan h ip Phalaenopsis t
mm ng pht hoa khng qua giai on to m so. Kt qu thu c mi trng c
nng khong thp (1/2 macro MS + 1/2 micro MS, b sung 2 mg/l BAP v 0,5 mg/l
NAA) c hiu qu to chi cao nht (2,83 chi/mm) 60 ngy sau khi cy. V tr mm
ng khc nhau cho kt qu to chi khc nhau, mm ng gn gc pht hoa cho t l chi
sinh dng cao (82%), trong khi mm ng xa gc pht hoa li cho t l chi sinh sn cao
(33.24%). Mi trng c thnh phn khong a lng tng t mi trng B5 (Gamborg
v cng s, 1968), cc khong vi lng tng t mi trng MS (Murashige v Skoog,
1962), khng c cht iu ha sinh trng, vitamin, dch trch hu c cho kh nng to
r tt nht (trung bnh 2 r, vi chiu di 0,87 cm).
T kha : Nhn ging, lan H ip, Phalaenopsis, mi trng nui cy, cht iu ha
sinh trng, mm ng, pht hoa
1 GII THIU
Lan H ip (Phalaenopsis) thuc h Orchidaceae, l mt trong nhng ging lan
rt c yu thch trn th gii (Griesbach, 2002). Chnh mu sc a dng, kiu
dng khc l to ra nt p sang trng v trang nh cho hoa lan v c bit l s
bn b lu tn c trng ca hoa lan cng tn thm gi tr cho loi hoa qu phi
ny. Hin nay, xu hng trang tr ni tht bng cc cy lan trong chu hay ct cnh
ang c nhu cu ngy cng cao. Tuy nhin, tnh hnh sn xut lan H ip v cc
loi lan khc trong nc khng p ng nhu cu nn hng nm nc ta phi
tiu tn rt nhiu ngoi t nhp khu mt lng ln hoa cnh v hoa chu, c

1
Vin Nghin cu - pht trin CNSH, Trng i hc Cn Th
2
Sinh vin Cng Ngh Sinh Hc K29, Trng i hc Cn Th
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bit l cc ging lan t Thi Lan v i Loan. Kh khn ln nht trong nhn ging
v tnh H ip (Phalaenopsis) v H ip lai (Doritaenopsis) l ngun mu rt
hn ch do chng l cy n thn. Vic s dng chi sinh dng nui cy nh
nhiu loi lan khc s lm tn thng cy m. Hin nay, phng php nhn ging
lan H ip t mm ng pht hoa c s dng ph bin hn. u im chnh ca
phng php ny l khng lm tn thng cy m, so vi vic nhn ging t nh
sinh trng. Hn na, vic nhn ging in vitro t mm ng pht hoa c th to ra
cy con sch bnh v ng nht v di truyn, iu m phng php gieo ht truyn
thng khng th t c (Dng Cng Kin, 2006 b). Phng php nhn ging
v tnh t mm ng pht hoa thng c s dng to ngun nguyn liu m in
vitro cho mt s phng php khc nh pht sinh protcorm-like body (PLB) t m
in vitro (l, chp r, ) (Tanaka et al., 1977; Park et al., 2002, 2003), to m so,
pht sinh phi v tnh.
Nghin cu ny nhm xy dng quy trnh vi nhn ging, to cy con trc tip t
mm ng pht hoa ca ging lan H ip (Phalaenopsis) v H ip lai
(Doritaenopsis) m khng qua to m so, nhm to ra ngun cy con ng nht
lm cy ging ng thi to ngun cy in vitro phong ph dng lm ngun vt liu
cho nhng nghin cu sau ny.
2 PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
2.1 Vt liu
Pht hoa tn thuc ging Phalaenopsis, Doritaenopsis cc vn lan ti thnh
ph Cn Th
2.2 Phng php nghin cu
Pht hoa sau khi kh trng c ct thnh mu cy l nhng on di 1-1,5 cm c
mang ngm ng. Mu cy c nui trn mi trng to chi v to r qua 2 giai
on hnh thnh cy hon chnh. Cc v tr khc nhau ca mu cy trn pht hoa
cng c kho st kh nng to chi xc nh v tr mm ng thch hp nht
cho vi nhn ging lan h ip t mm ng pht hoa. Cc th nghim c b tr
nh sau:
2.2.1 Th nghim 1:
Kho st nh hng ca mi trng n kh nng to chi (bao gm chi sinh
sn v chi sinh dng) ca mm ng pht hoa khng qua to m so.
Th nghim b tr hon ton ngu nhin 2 nhn t, vi 6 nghim thc (Bng 1), 4
ln lp li. Mi ln lp li l 3 ng nghim (1 mm/ng).
Bng 1: Cc nghim thc mi trng to chi
Nghim thc Cht khong Cht iu ha sinh trng
B0 1/2 (a lng+Vi lng) MS 2 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA
B1 (a lng+Vi lng) MS 2 mg/l BAP
B2 (a lng+Vi lng) MS 2 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l NAA
B3 1/2 a lng MS 2 mg/l BAP
B4 1/2 a lng MS 2 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l NAA
B5 (a lng+Vi lng) MS 15 mg/l BAP + 4 mg/l NAA
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Ch tiu theo di: S chi sinh dng v s chi sinh sn t cc mm ng pht
hoa ca cc nghim thc 30, 45, 60 ngy sau khi cy (NSKC).
2.2.2 Th nghim 2:
Kho st nh hng ca v tr cc mm ng pht hoa n kh nng to chi.
Th nghim c b tr hon ton ngu nhin vi 4 nghim thc (Bng 2), 3 ln
lp li. Mi ln lp li l 6-8 ng nghim (1 mm/ng). Cc mm c cy vo
mi trng to chi tt nht ca th nghim 1.
Bng 2: Cc nghim thc theo v tr mm ng trn pht hoa
Nghim thc V tr ca mm ng trn pht hoa
C1 Mm ng 1 v 2
C2 Mm ng 3 v 4
C3 Mm ng 5 v 6
C4 Mm ng 7 v 8
V tr ca cc mm ng c nh s th t theo chiu t gc pht hoa n v tr hoa n u tin.
Ch tiu theo di: S chi sinh sn v sinh dng hnh thnh t cc mm ng
15, 30 NSKC. S mm khng pht trin trong s cc mm c cy vo.
2.2.3 Th nghim 3:
nh hng ca mi trng nui cy n kh nng to r ca cc chi hnh thnh t
mm ng pht hoa
Th nghim c b tr hon ton ngu nhin vi 5 nghim thc (Bng 3), 7 ln
lp li. Mi ln lp li l 1 ng nghim (1 mm/ng). Cc mm ng pht trin
(c t 1-2 l) ca th nghim 1 c cy trn cc mi trng to r.
Ch tiu theo di: chiu di r (o t gc cho n chp r), s r (m cc r nh
ra thy c), s r/chi to thnh v t l chi to r ca mi mm ng trong tng
nghim thc 15 ngy, 30 ngy, 45 ngy sau khi cy chuyn.
Bng 3: Cc nghim thc mi trng to r
Nghim thc Mi trng Thnh phn b sung
D0 Mi trng D -
D1 Mi trng D chui xim (100 g/l)
D2 Mi trng D chui xim (100 g/l) + vitamin B5
D3 Mi trng D khoai ty (100 ml/l)
D4 Mi trng D khoai ty (100 ml/l) + vitamin B5
Mi trng D c thnh phn khong a lng ca mi trng B5 (Gamborg v cng s, 1968), cc khong vi lng
ca mi trng MS (Murashige v Skoog, 1962)
2.2.4 Phng php phn tch thng k
Cc s liu c phn tch ANOVA v php so snh cp LSD 5% ca phn mm
STATGRAPHICS.
Cc gi tr phn trm c i sang Arcsinx theo cng thc tnh trong bng
Excel l: ASIN(SQRT(x)/10)*180/3,1416. (Vi x l gi tr phn trm cn i)
(Gomez & Gomez, 1984).
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3 KT QU THO LUN
3.1 nh hng ca mi trng n kh nng to chi ca mm ng pht hoa
Ch tiu theo di: S chi sinh dng v s chi sinh sn t cc mm ng pht
hoa ca cc nghim thc 30, 45, 60 ngy sau khi cy.
Thng thng mi mm ng pht hoa ca chi Phalaenopsis ch pht trin thnh
mt chi nn vic tm ra mi trng c th kch thch mm ng hnh thnh nhiu
chi l cn thit. Trong nghin cu ny, mm ng pht hoa c nui cy trong 6
loi mi trng to chi (B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5) (Bng 4). Quan st 6 loi mi
trng, cc mm ng u b kch thch pht trin to dn v bt u hnh thnh
chi trong vng 10-30 ngy; ging vi m t ca Tisserat v Jones (1999). Tng
s chi c to thnh t 72 mm ng l 95 chi, trong chi sinh dng l 85
chi (89,47%). Trong cc mi trng c kho st, mi trng B0 c nng
cc cht khong a lng v vi lng, vitamin thp nht nhng s chi/mm 60
NSKC l cao nht (2,8 chi)(P<0,01), trong khi cc mi trng cn li s
chi/mm khc bit khng ngha (Bng 4). iu ny ph hp vi trnh by ca
Dng Cng Kin (2006), mi trng nui cy cn c cc mui khong nh cy
trng trong thin nhin nhng vi nng rt thp. Theo bo co ca Koir v
cng s (2004), kt qu thu c s chi/mm 160 ngy sau cy l 8,35. th
nghim ny s chi/mm cao nht 60 ngy sau cy ca mi trng B0 l 10
chi, mi trng B1 l 2 chi, trong khi tt c cc nghim thc ca cc mi trng
khc ch to 1 chi (Hnh 1)
Theo Phillips v Chilton (1991), cytokinin c chc nng kch thch s pht trin
ca chi bn, trong khi auxin c vai tr trong pha ko di ca t bo. Mt vi tc
gi cho rng vic b sung NAA s c ch kh nng kch thch v ti sinh mm ng
(Arditti v Ernst, 1993), trong khi mt s khc li cho vic phi hp NAA v BAP
c th kch thch s to chi (Tokuhara v Mii, 1993; Tisserat v Jones, 1999; Roy
v Banerjee, 2003; Phillips v Chilton, 1991). T l nng auxin v cytokinin
khc nhau c th kch thch s thnh lp nhng m khc nhau (m so, r, chi).
Trong nghin cu ny, mi trng B0 (0,5 mg/l NAA + 2 mg/l BAP) s dng cht
iu ha sinh trng vi nng thp nht nhng li cho s chi/mm trung bnh
cao nht (2,8 chi/mm), khc bit c ngha vi cc mi trng cn li (bng 4)
Bng 4: S chi sinh dng, chi sinh sn trn cc mi trng to chi sau 60 nui cy
Mi
trng
Thnh phn khong T l auxin- cytokinin
S chi
sinh dng
S chi
sinh sn
B0 1/2 (a lng+Vi lng)
MS
2mg/l BAP+0,5mg/l NAA 2,8 b 0,0 a
B1 (a lng+Vi lng) MS 2mg/l BAP 1,1 a 0,0 a
B2 (a lng+Vi lng) MS 2mg/l BAP+1mg/l NAA 1,0 a 0,0 a
B3 1/2 a lng MS 2mg/l BAP 1,0 a 0,3 b
B4 1/2 a lng MS 2mg/l BAP+1mg/l NAA 1,0 a 0,5 b
B5 (a lng+Vi lng) MS 15mg/l BAP+4mg/l NAA 1,0 a 0,0 a
Gi tr P * 0,0000 0,0000
CV (%) * 14,37 11,47
* S liu c chuyn i khi phn tch thng k. Trn cng mt ct, cc s trung bnh c cng k t l khng
khc bit mc ngha 1%.
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T cc kt qu phn tch trn cho thy mi trng B0 l mi trng tt nht cho
vic to chi t mm ng pht hoa lan h ip.







3.2 nh hng ca v tr cc mm ng pht hoa n kh nng to chi
Ch tiu theo di: S chi sinh sn v sinh dng hnh thnh t cc mm ng
15, 30 NSKC. S mm khng pht trin trong s cc mm c cy vo.
Trong th nghim ny, cc mm ng c nh s th t t gc pht hoa n v tr
hoa n u tin. Cc mm ng c nui cy nhit 27C 1. Do chiu di v
s mm ng trn cc pht hoa khc nhau nn s mm ng cc v tr khng bng
nhau. Kt qu th nghim thu c t l chi sinh dng trung bnh (71,06 %) cao
hn chi sinh sn (9,14%) v mm khng pht trin (19,79%) (Bng 5).
Bng 5: So snh t l trung bnh gia cc dng pht trin ca mm ng 45 NSKC
Cc dng pht trin T l %
Chi sinh sn 9,14
Khng pht trin 19,79
Chi sinh dng 71,06
Koir et al (2004) bo co rng v tr ca cc mm ng t trn xung gc pht hoa
khng khc bit c ngha trong kh nng ti sinh ca chng. Tuy nhin, theo
Tanaka v Sakanishi (1977), iu kin nui cy (cc cht dinh dng, cht iu
ha sinh trng, nhit ) v v tr ca cc mm ng (giai on pht trin sinh l)
c nh hng rt ln n s pht trin ca mm ng. Trong , nhit nui cy
(28C-30C) l mt yu t quan trng kch thch mm ng thot khi tnh trng
tim sinh. Khi nui cy 28C, cc mm ng v tr 3 v 4 c kh nng pht trin
thnh cy con vi t l rt cao trong khi cc mm ng v tr 1 v 2 khng pht
trin v cht trong thi gian ngn.
Hnh 1: Mu cy to nhiu chi nht ca mi trng B0
(nhn t mt trc-A, mt sau-B), mi trng B1 (C)
A B C
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Bng 6: T l chi sinh dng, chi sinh sn, mm khng pht trin gia cc nghim thc
45 NSKC
Nghim thc
T l chi
sinh dng (%)
T l chi
sinh sn (%)
T l mm
khng pht trin (%)
C1 (mm 1&2) 59,77 a 3,33 a 36,9 b
C2 (mm 3&4) 86,73 b 0,00 a 13,27a
C3 (mm 5&6) 82,25 b 0,00 a 17,75 a
C4 (mm 7&8) 55,51 a 33,24 b 11,25 a
Gi tr P 0,0001 0,0000 0,008
CV (%) 20,928 161,772 61,683
Trn cng mt ct, cc s trung bnh c cng k t l khng khc bit c ngha mc 1% .
Kt qu bng 6 cho thy t l chi sinh dng trung bnh ca C2 v C3 cao hn C1 v
C4 vi mc ngha 1%. Cc mm ng tt c cc v tr u c kh nng to chi sinh
dng v c mm khng pht trin. Trong khi t l mm khng pht trin cao nht l
nghim thc C1 (36,9%), cc nghim thc cn li khc bit khng ngha mc 1%.
Kt qu ny ph hp vi kt qu nghin cu ca Tanaka v Sakanishi (1977): cc mm
ng C2 (mm 3 v 4), C3 (mm 5 v 6), c kh nng to chi vi t l rt cao (82,25%-
86,73%) v cc mm ng nm gn gc pht hoa C1 (mm 1 v 2) c kh nng to chi
km hn C2, C3 (cch nh s th t v tr mm ng ca th nghim ny t gc pht
hoa n v tr hoa n u tin- ngc vi cch nh s th t ca Tanaka v Sakanishi,
1977). Mt s nt v tr s 1 ch c l bc m khng c mm ng nn khng th pht
sinh chi mi. Theo Nguyn Bo Ton (2004), cc m phn sinh c khong cch cng
xa ngn chi hay ngn r th cng gi. Nh vy, cc mm ng nm cng gn gc pht
hoa th cng gi, dn n kh nng ti sinh v pht trin gim. iu ny c th l
nguyn nhn lm cho t l mm khng pht trin ca C1 l cao nht.
T l to chi sinh sn ca C4 l cao nht (33,24%) (P< 0,01) cc nghim thc cn
li khc bit khng ngha (Bng 6). Cc mm ng ca nghim thc C4 cho t l
chi sinh sn cao l do chu nh hng ca hin tng c ch ngn do nng
auxin gy ra. Auxin c sinh ra t nh ngn c th di chuyn xung cc v tr
mm bn di sau khi ct b n ngn, nhng v tr mm gn ngn th lng auxin
cao hn nhng v tr mm k tip, do tnh lm ko di t bo ca auxin c u
th hn nn to chi sinh sn th cp (V Th Bch Mai, 1996).
3.3 nh hng ca mi trng n kh nng to r ca cc chi hnh thnh
t mm ng pht hoa
Ch tiu theo di: chiu di r, s r/chi to thnh v t l chi to r ca mi
mm ng trong tng nghim thc 15 ngy, 30 ngy, 45 ngy sau khi cy chuyn.
Cc chi sinh dng c 1-2 l t th nghim 2 c cy chuyn sang 5 loi mi
trng to r (D0, D1, D2, D3, D4) (Bng 3).
3.3.1 Chiu di r
Trong 15 NSKC, cc chi bt u thch ng vi mi trng dinh dng mi v bt
u to r (kch thc r t 0,1-0,3 cm). Kt qu phn tch thng k cho thy giai
on 15 NSKC chiu di r ca cc nghim thc mi trng c s khc bit
nhng cha t mc c ngha (bng 7). Tuy nhin, t 30 NSKC tr i th s
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khc bit gia cc nghim thc c tm thy, trong mi trng D0 cho s
sinh trng ca r tt nht khc bit c ngha vi cc mi trng cn li.
Bng 7: nh hng ca mi trng nui cy n chiu di r
Mi trng
Chiu di r (cm)
15 NSKC 30 NSKC 45 NSKC
D0 0,29 0,81 b 1,20 b
D1 0,12 0,32 a 0,62 a
D2 0,13 0,34 a 0,53 a
D3 0,18 0,46 a 0,81 ab
D4 0,09 0,24 a 0,49 a
Gi tr P* 0,213050 0,016275 0,040101
CV (%)* 4,31 5,805 7,283
* S liu c chuyn i sang (x+0,5) khi phn tch thng k. Trn cng mt ct, cc s trung bnh c theo
sau cng mt k t th khng khc bit c ngha.
3.3.2 S r
Cng tng t nh s pht trin chiu di r, s r cc giai on u gia cc
nghim thc mi trng cha c s khc bit mc c ngha nhng ti 45 NSKC
th s khc bit mi c tm thy, trong mi trng D0 cng l mi trng tt
nht cho s r cao nht (2,8 r/chi) khc bit c ngha vi cc nghim thc cn
li (Bng 8). Quan st s pht trin ca r 45 NSKC cng xc nh c mi
trng D cho s r nhiu hn v pht trin tt hn cc mi trng khc (hnh 2)
Bng 8: nh hng ca mi trng nui cy n s hnh thnh r
Mi trng
S r/chi
15 NSKC 30 NSKC 45 NSKC
D0 0,71 2,00 2,78 b
D1 0,33 0,89 1,22 a
D2 0,78 1,22 1,44 a
D3 0,44 1,44 1,75 a
D4 0,44 1,22 1,44 a
Gi tr P* 0,330932 0,321997 0,010640
CV (%)* 9,337 12,874 7,663
* S liu c chuyn i sang (x+0,5) khi phn tch thng k. Trn cng mt ct, cc s trung bnh c theo sau
cng mt k t th khng khc bit c ngha.
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3.3.3 S chi to r
S chi c r ca mi trng D0 cng c xc nh l cao nht, k n l mi
trng D3, cc mi trng cn li khc bit khng ngha (Bng 9). Cc mi
trng c b sung thm cht hu c t nhin (nc chui xim xay hay dch chit
khoai ty) v vitamin B5 nh mi trng D1, D2, D4 nh hng n s to r
khc bit khng ngha. 45 NSKCC, kch thc r t 0,5-1,2 cm v c s r t
1-4 r. T cc kt qu trn cho thy mi trng D thch hp to r cho cc chi
pht trin t mm ng mi trng B0 th nghim 2.
Bng 9: nh hng ca mi trng n s chi c r 45 NSKCC
Mi trng S chi c r (chi)
D4 (dch chit khoai ty + vitamin B5) 2,67 a
D1(nc chui xim xay ) 3,67 ab
D2(nc chui xim xay + vitamin B5) 3,00 a
D3(dch chit khoai ty) 4,67 b
D0 6,00 c
Gi tr P 0,0004
CV (%) 13,693
Trn cng mt ct, cc s trung bnh c cng k t l khng khc bit c ngha mc 1%.
4 KT LUN
- Mi trng B0 (1/2MS a lng, MS vi lng, 2 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/lNAA)
cho kt qu to chi cao nht (2.8 chi/mm ng).
- Cc mm ng 3, 4 v 5, 6 c kh nng to chi sinh dng tt nht vi t l ln
lt l 82,25% v 86,73%. Cc mm 7 v 8 c kh nng to chi vi t l chi
sinh sn cao nht (33,24%).
Hnh 2: S to r trong cc mi trng 45 NSKC (cc hnh D0, D1, D2, D3, D4 l hnh
chp s to r trn cc mi trng tng ng)
D1
D4
D2
D
D3
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- Mi trng D0 (a lng B5 + Vi lng MS, khng b sung cht hu c) thch
hp nht cho vic to r do c s chi to r cao nht (6 chi), s r/chi cao
nht (2,78 r) v chiu di ca r cao nht (1,20 cm) 45 NSKCC.
TI LIU THAM KHO
Arditti, J., Ernst, R., 1993. Micropropagation of orchids. John Wiley & Sons, New York,
USA..
Dng Cng Kin, 2006. Nui cy m, tp 2. NXB i hc Quc Gia TP.HCM. p:41-43.
Griesbach, R. J., 2002. Development of Phalaenopsis orchids for the Mass-Market. p:
458-463.
Koir, P., kof, S., Luthar, Z., 2004. Direct shoot regeneration from nodes of Phalaenopsis
orchids, Acta agriculturae slovenica, 83-2. p: 233-243.
Murashige, T., Skoog F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth & bioassay with tobacco
tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant, 15. p: 473-497.
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Sinh hc ng dng. i Hc Cn Th. p:7-16, 135-153.
Park, S.Y., Murthy, H. N., Paek, K.Y., 2002. Rapid propagation of Phalaenopsis from floral
stalk derived leaves, In Vitro Cell, Dev. Biol. Plant, 38. p: 168-172.
Park, S.Y., Murthy, H. N., Paek, K.Y., 2003. Protocorm-like body induction and subsequent
plant regeneration from root tip cultures of Doritaenopsis, Plant Science, 164. p: 919-923
Phillips, W.D., Chilton, T.J., 1991. Biology. Oxford University Press, Vol 2. p: 51-62.
Roy v Banerjee, 2003; Roy, J., Banerjee, N., 2003. Induction of callus and plant regeneration
from shoot-tip explants of Dendrobium fimbriatum Lindl. var. oculatum Hk. F. Scientia
Hortic. p: 333-340.
Tanaka, M., Sakanishi, Y., 1977. Clonal propagation of Phalaenopsis by leaf tissue culture,
Am. Orchid Soc. Bull, 46. p: 733-737.
Tisserat, B., and Jones D., 1999. Clonal propagation of orchids, In: Hall, R.D. (Ed): Plant Cell
Culture Protocols, Methods in Molercular Biology, 111, Human Press Inc., Totowa, NJ,
USA. p: 127-134.
Tokuhara, K., Mii, M. 1993. Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis by
culturing shoot tips of flower stalk buds. Plant Cell Rep. p: 7-11.
V Th Bch Mai, 1996. Nhn ging v tnh mt s lan H ip (Phalaenopsis sp.). Lun n
ph tin s khoa hc sinh hc Thnh Ph H Ch Minh. p:6-87.