VD1 2

Trnh t tnh toan thit k bo truyen banh rng
V du tnh toan thiet ke

hp
gim tc banh rang tru
rang
nghieng

1


MUC LUC

Li noi au...................................................................................................... 2

PHAN I: CHON ONG C VA PHAN PHOI TY SO TRUYEN
1.1 Chon ong c ien ...................................................................... 4
1.2 Phan phoi ty so truyen ................................................................ 5

PHAN II: TNH TOAN THIET KE CHI TIET MAY
2.1 Thiet ke bo truyen xch................................................................ 6
2.2 Thiet ke bo truyen banh rang ...................................................... 10
2.3 Thiet ke truc ................................................................................. 16
2.4 Tnh toan va chon o ..................................................................... 30
2.5 Thiet ke vo hop ............................................................................ 35
2.6 Thiet ke cac chi tiet phu .............................................................. 36
2.7 Bang dung sai lap ghep................................................................ 39

2


5.3.1 So lieu thiet ke
- Lc vong tren xch tai: F = 3000 N
- Van toc xch tai: v = 0,8 (m/s)
- ng knh tang dan: D = 250 (mm)
- Thi gian phuc vu L(nam): 5
- Quay 1 chieu, lam viec 2 ca, tai va ap nhe.
- (1 nam lam viec 300 ngay, 1 ca lam viec 8 gi)

5.3.2 Chon ong c va phan phoi ty so truyen
So lieu thiet ke: cong suat tren truc cong tac Pct = 2,4 kW, van toc vong v = 0,8 m/s.

1.1 CHON ONG C :
1. Cong suat tren truc cong tac cua xch tai

Plv =
Fv 3000.0,8
= = 2, 4 kW
1000 1000
2. Hieu suat chung cua he thong truyen ong:
ch = xbrol3 = 0,92.0,97.0, 993 = 0,87

3
ong c So vong quay T so truyen
chung
Bo truyen
banh rang
Bo truyen xch
4A90L2Y3 2838 46,43 11,2 4,1
4A100S4Y3 1420 23,23 6,3 3,7
4A112MA6Y3 945 15,46 5 3,092
4A112MB8Y3 701 11,47 2,5 4,588

Truc ong c I II III
Cong suat P(kW) 2,76 2,73 2,6 2,4
Ty so truyen u 1 5 3,092
Momen xoan T (N.mm) 27789 27589 131375,7 375123
So vong quay n (vg\ph) 945 945 189 61,12

= = 61,12 vg/ph


trong o: hieu suat bo truyen xch x = 0, 92
Hieu suat bo truyen banh rang br = 0, 97
Hieu suat bo truyen o lan ol = 0,99
3. Cong suat can thiet cua ong c:

Pdc =
Pct
ch

=
2, 4
0,87

= 2, 76 kW
4. So vong quay bo phan cong tac:

nct =
60000v
zp
0,8.6000
250
5. Chn s b t so truyen:
uch = ubrux = 5.3 = 15
Vay ta chon ong c Pc = 3 kW

Vay ta chon ong c 4A12MA6Y3 vi
n = 945 vg/ph; uch = 15, 46 ; ubr = 5 ; ux = 3, 092
1.2 AC TNH KY THUAT
Vi cac thong so va chon, ta thiet lap bang ac tnh ky thuat sau:

II. TNH TOAN BO THIET KE CHI TIET MAY
2.1 THIET KE BO TRUYEN XCH

4

Cong suat P (kW) 2,6
So vong quay banh dan n1 (vg/ph)
189
Momen xoan T1 (Nmm)
131375,7
Ty so truyen u 3,092
Goc nghieng cua truc chnh so vi phng ngang
0
30


- So lieu ban au:

ieu kien lam viec: quay mot chieu, lam viec 2 ca, tai va ap nhe, boi trn nho giot,
truc a xch ieu chnh c.
- Tnh toan thiet ke:
1. Chon loai xch con lan mot day.
2. Chon so rang a xch dan theo cong thc:
z1 = 29 2u = 29 2.3, 092 H 23 rang
3. Tnh so rang a xch ln theo cong thc:
z2 = z1u = 23.3, 092 H 71 rang . Vay thoa ieu kien Zmax < (100 130).
4. Khi o ty so truyen chnh xac bo tuyen xch :

u =
z2
z1
71
= = 3, 087
23
5. Ta co he so ieu kien s dung xch:
K = K 0 K a K dc Kb K r Klv = 1.1.1,1.1,5.1.1,12 = 1,848
trong o: K0 = 1 - he so ke en anh hng cua v tr bo truyen
Ka = 1- he so ke en khoang cach truc va chieu dai xch
Kdc = 1,1 - he so ke en anh hng cua viec ieu chnh lc cang xch
Kb = 1,5 - he so anh hng cua boi trn, do boi trn nh ky
Kr = 1 - he so tai trong ong, ke en tnh chat cua tai trong
Klv = 1,12 - he so ke en che o lam viec cua bo truyen, do lam viec 2 ca
He so K z = z01 / z1 = 25 / 23 = 1, 087

5
= = 5,526 o | P|
1
1
n1 pc Z1 189.25, 4.23
Z 2 Z1 | pc Z1 + Z 2
2.1016 23 + 71 | 25, 4 71 23


He so K n = n01 / n1 = 200 /189 = 1, 058
Do la xch con lan mot day nen Kx = 1
6. T o ta co cong suat tnh toan:

Pt =
KK z K n P
K x
1,848.1, 087.1, 058.2, 6
1
Theo bang 5.4 [3] ng vi cong suat cho phep [P] > Pt va so vong quay thc nghiem
n01 = 200 vg/ph ta co c bc xch pc = 25,4 mm.
Kiem tra so vong quay ti han ng vi bc xch pc = 25,4 mm tra t bang 5.2 [3] ta
co nti han = 800 vg/ph nen ieu kien n = 189 vg/ph < nth c thoa.
7. Tiep tuc ta kiem nghiem bc xch theo cong thc sau :

pc c 600 3

PK
Z1n1[ p0 ]K x
vi [ p0 ] = 30 MPa tra t bang 5.3 [3]

The vao bieu thc tren ta co pc c 600 3

P1K
Z1n1[Po]K x

= 600 3

2, 6.1,848
23.189.30.1

= 19, 965 mm
Bc xch a chon thoa man ieu kien tren.
8. Tnh toan cac thong so cua bo truyen xch va chon :

- Van toc trung bnh cua xch: v =

= = 1,84 m / s
60000 60000

- Lc vong co ch : Ft =
1000P
v
1000.2, 6
= = 1412,87 N
1,84
- Chon khoang cach truc s bo t a = 40 pc = 40.25, 4 = 1016 mm (t a = (30 | 50) pc )
- So mat xch :
2
2a
X = + + |
pc 2 2 . a

=

+ + |
25, 4 2 2 . 1016
2

H 128, 46
Ta chon X = 130 mat xch .
- Chieu dai xch: L = pc X = 25, 4.130 = 3302 mm .
9. T o ta tnh khoang cach truc chnh xac:

6
X + X 8 Z 2 1 | (
| (
. (
t
= = 2, 229 o | | = 20


a = 0, 25 pc

2 2 (

Z1 + Z 2 Z1 + Z 2 | Z
|
2 2 . 2

=1035,93 mm
Va e bo truyen xch lam viec bnh thng ta giam khoang cach truc xuong mot
oan bang (0,0020,004)a
Do o ta co khoang cach truc tnh toan la a = 1032 mm
- Lc tac dung len truc: Fr = K m F = 1,15.1412,867 = 1624, 797 N
vi Km = 1,15 do goc ghieng gia ng noi tam 2 truc va phng ngang la 30o < 40o .
- ng knh a xch :
Banh dan:

d1 =
pc Z1

=
25, 4.23

= 185, 96 mm
d a1 = pc ( 0,5 + cotg( / Z1 )) = 25, 4.( 0,5 + cotg( / 23)) = 197,5 mm
Banh b dan:

d 2 =
pc Z 2

=
25, 4.71

= 574, 04 mm
d a1 = pc ( 0,5 + cotg( / Z 2 )) = 25, 4.(0,5 + cotg( / 71)) = 586,37 mm
10. Kiem nghiem so lan xch va ap trong 1 giay:

i =
Z1n1
15 X
23.189
15.130

i
vi [i] = 20 tra bang 5.6 [3]
11. Kiem tra xch theo he so an toan:

s =
Q
F1 + Fv + Fo
vi Q = 50 (KN) tra bang 5.1 [1]
F1 = Ft = 1412,867 N

Fv = qmv 2 = 2, 6.1,840232 = 8,805 N
vi qm = 2, 6 kg / m tra bang 5.2 [1]

7
Cong suat P (kW) 2,73
So vong quay banh dan n (vg/ph) 945
Momen xoan T (Nmm) 27589
Ty so truyen u 5
Tuoi tho Lh (gi) 24000

Z1 (rang) 23 da2 (mm) 586,37
d1 (mm) 185,96 a (mm) 1032
da1 (mm) 197,5 X (mat
xch)
130
Z2 (rang) 71 Fr (N) 1624,797
d2 (mm) 574,04

= = 33, 319 c | |


F0 = K f aqm g = 3.1, 032.2, 6.9,81 = 78,967 N
He so o vong K f = 3 v goc nghieng gia ng tam truc va phng nam ngang nho
hn 400.

Suy ra: s =
Q
F1 + Fv + F0
50000
1412,867 + 8,805 + 78, 967

s
vi [s] = (7,6 8,9) bang 5.7 [3].
Nh vay a thoa ieu kien an toan
Thong so bo truyen xch:

2.2 THIET KE BO TRUYEN BANH RANG
- So lieu ban au:

Che o lam viec: quay mot chieu, lam viec hai ca, tai va ap nhe, 1 nam lam viec 300
ngay, 1 ca lam viec 8 gi.
Chon vat lieu che tao banh rang :

8


Chon thep 40 Cr c toi cai thien
Theo bang 6.1 [1] ta chon o ran trung bnh:
Banh dan: HB1 = 300 HB
Banh b dan: HB2 = 200 HB
- Tnh toan thiet ke:
1. So chu ky lam viec c s.
N HO1 = 30HB12,4 = 30.3002,4 = 2, 64.107 chu ky.
N HO 2 = 30HB22,4 = 30.2002,4 = 9,99.106 chu ky.
Va: N FO1 = N FO 2 = 5.106 chu ky
2. So chu ky lam viec tng ng:
N HE1 = 60.c.n1.Lh = 60.1.945.24000 = 136, 08.107 chu ky
N HE 2 = 60.c.n2.Lh = 60.1.189.24000 = 2, 7216.108 chu ky
N FE1 = 60.c.n1.Lh = 60.1.945.24000 = 136, 08.107 chu ky
N FE 2 = 60.c.n2.Lh = 60.1.189.24000 = 2, 7216.108 chu ky
V: N HE1 > N HO1; N HE 2 > N HO 2 ; N FE1 > N FO1; N FE 2 > N FO 2
Nen ta co he so tuoi tho: K HL1 = K HL 2 = K FL1 = K FL 2 = 1
3. Theo 6.13 [3], ta chon gii han moi tiep xuc:
( OH lim = 2HB + 70
Banh dan :

( OH lim1 = 2HB1 + 70 = 670 MPa
Banh b dan: ( OH lim 2 = 2HB2 + 70 = 470 MPa
4. Ta chon gii han moi uon:
( OF lim = 1, 75HB
Banh dan :

( OF lim1 = 1, 75HB1 = 525 MPa
Banh b dan: ( OF lim 2 = 1, 75HB2 = 350 MPa
5. ng suat tiep xuc cho phep:

9

0, 315.(384,545) .5


|( H | =

( OH lim 0, 9
sH

K HL vi s H = 1,1 tra bang 6.13 [3]. T ay ta co:

|( H 1 | =
( OH lim10,9
sH

K HL1 =

670.0,9
1,1

.1 = 548,182 MPa

|( H 2 | =
( OH lim 2 0, 9
sH

K HL 2 =

470.0,9
1,1

.1 = 384,545 MPa
Gia tr ng suat tnh toan:

[(H] =

0, 5([(2H1 ] + [(2H 2 ])
Do |( H | o |( H |min = 384,545 MPa
Suy ra: |( H | = 384,545 MPa
6. ng suat uon cho phep tnh theo cong thc sau:

|( F | =
( OF lim
sF

K FL vi s F = 1,75 tra bang 6.13 [3]. T ay ta co:

|( F 1 | =
( OF lim1
sF

K FL1 =

525.1
1, 75

= 300 MPa

|( F 2 | =
( OF lim 2
sF

K FL 2 =

350.1
1, 75

= 200 MPa
V hop giam toc c boi trn tot (hop giam tot kn), do o ta tnh toan thiet ke theo
o ben tiep xuc.
Theo bang 6.15 [3] ta chon .ba = 0,315 do banh rang nam oi xng cac o truc

Khi o: . bd =
. ba (u + 1)
2

=
0,315.(5 + 1)
2

= 0,945
ng vi .bd va chon, tra bang 6.4 [3] ta co :
KH = 1,07
KF = 1,1
7. Khi o, khoang cach truc bo truyen banh rang tru rang thang:

aw = 43(u + 1) 3

T1K H

2

= 43(5 + 1) 3

27589.1, 07

2

H 129, 6 mm

10
2aw cos8 2aw cos 20o
| = arcos | = 12,84
= = 53, 33 mm
cos(12,84 )
= = 266, 67 mm
cos(12,84 )


Theo tieu chuan chon: aw = 160 mm.
Vi khoang cach truc va chon ta chon moun rang theo:
mn = (0,010,02)aw (ng vi HB1, HB2 < 350HB)
Suy ra: mn = 24 ta chon mn = 2
Ta co do banh rang tru rang nghieng nen 8o o o 20o

cos8o c

mn z1 (u + 1)
2aw

c cos 20o

o
c z1 c
mn (u + 1) mn (u + 1)
26, 4 c z1 c 25, 06
Ta chon z1 = 26 rang >17 (thoa ieu kien khong cat chan rang)
z2 = u.z1 = 5.26 = 130 rang
8. Khi o goc nghieng rang la:
mn z1 (u + 1) | 2.26.(5+1) |
2aw . 2.160 .
9. Cac thong so hnh hoc cua bo truyen:
- ng knh vong chia:

o

d1 =

d 2 =
z1m
cos

z2m
cos
26.2

130.2

o

o
- ng knh vong nh:
da1 = d1 + 2m = 57,33mm

da2 = d2 + 2m = 270,67 mm
- ng knh vong ay:
d f 1 = d1 2,5m = 48,33mm

d f 2 = d2 2,5m = 261,67 mm
- Khoang cach truc: aw =160 mm
- Chieu rong vanh rang:

11
= = 396,12 N
cos(12,84 )
l


Banh b dan: b2 =. baa = 0,315.160 = 52 mm
Banh dan: da vao b2 = 52 mm va e phu hp ket cau ta chon
b1 = 58 mm
Van toc vong banh rang::

v =
d1n1
60000

=
.53, 33.945
60000

= 2, 639 m / s
Theo bang 6.3 [3] chon cap chnh xac la 9, vi van toc gii han vgh = 6 m / s .
Xac nh gia tr cac lc :

- Lc vong : Ft 2 = Ft1 =
2T1
d1
2.27589
= = 1061,12 N
53,33

- Lc hng tam: Fr 2 = Fr1 =

Ft1tg( nw
cos
1061,12.tg(20o )
o
- Lc doc truc : Fa1 = Fa 2 = Ft1tg( )=1061,12.tg(12,84o ) = 241,86 N
10. Tnh toan kiem nghiem gia tr ng suat tiep xuc:
Theo bang 6.6 [3], ta chon he so tai trong ong :
KHV = 1,06
KFV = 1,11

( H =

Z M Z H Z
d1

2T1K H (u + 1)
bwu

< [( H ]
Ta co : Z M = 275MPa1/ 2 do vat lieu la thep

Z H =

2 cos
sin 2( t

H 1, 73
Z# # 0,96 (do lay = 1, 2 )
Ta co: bw = b2 = 52 mm
dw = d1 = 53,33 mm

Suy ra: ( H =

Z M Z H Z
d1

2T1K H K HV (u + 1)
bwu

= 325, 458 MPa < [( H ]

vi [( H ] = ( OH lim

K HL Z R ZV KK xH
sH

= 470

1.0, 9.0,937.1.1, 022
1,1

= 368, 246 MPa

12
Thong so banh rang Banh chu ong Banh b ong
Khoang cach truc (aw) 160
ng knh vong chia (d) 53,33 266,67
ng knh vong nh (da) 57,33 270,67
ng knh vong ay (df) 48,33 261,67

= 1, 05 = 1, 022
10 10
13, 2 13, 2.cos (12,84 )
13, 2 13, 2.cos (12,84 )
[( F 1] 300
[( F 2 ] 200
R


trong o: Z R = 0, 9 ; Kl = 1 .

ZV = 0,85v0,1 = 0,85.2, 6390,1 = 0, 937

K xH = 1, 05

d 53, 33
4 4

Do o banh rang thoa ieu kien ng suat tiep xuc.
11. Tiep tuc kiem nghiem theo o ben uon:
- He so dang rang:

Banh dan: YF 1 = 3, 47 +
3 o
= 3, 47 + = 3,94
zv1 26

Banh b dan: YF 2 = 3, 47 +

3 o
= 3, 47 + = 3, 56
zv 2 130
- ac tnh so sanh o ben cac banh rang:

= = 76,142
YF 1 3,94

= = 56,18
YF 2 3, 56
Vay ta se kiem nghiem banh b dan co o ben thap hn.
- ng suat uon tnh toan:

( F =
2YF 2T1K F K Fv
d w1bw2mn

=
2.3,56.27589.1,1.1,11
53, 33.52.2

H 11,535 MPa < [( F 2 ]

vi [( F ] = ( OF lim

K FLYYxY' K FC
sF

= 350

1.1.0,9.1.1
1, 75

= 180 MPa
trong o YR = 1 ; Yx = 0, 9 ; Y' = 1; K FC = 1
Do o o ben uon c thoa
T o ta co bang ket qua sau: (n v mm)

13
Chieu rong vanh rang (bw) 58 52
Goc profin goc (( )
0
20


2.3 THIET KE TRUC
Vat lieu che tao truc la thep C45 toi cai thien.
Gii han ben: ( b = 850MPa
Tr so cua ng suat uon cho phep tng ng vi ( b = 850(MPa) tra trong bang 10.5
[1]:
|( | = 67MPa
ng suat xoan cho phep:
[( ] = 20 25 MPa oi vi truc vao, ra
Xac nh s bo ng knh truc theo cong thc sau:

d c

3

T1
0, 2|( |
A. Truc 1:
Vi T1 = 27589 Nmm
[( ] = 20 MPa

d c

3

T1
0, 2|( |

27589
= 3 = 19mm
0, 2.20
Chon s bo ng knh cac oan truc:
Tai v tri noi truc d0 = 20 mm
Tai v tr o lan d = 25 mm
Tai v tr banh rang d1 = 30 mm
Xac nh khoang cach gia cac goi va cac iem dat lc
Theo [3] ta chon
AD = 75 mm
AC = CB = 60 mm
Ta co lc tac dung:
FT 1 = 1061,12 N

14


FR1 = 396,12 N

Fa1 = 241,86 N

Suy ra: M a1 = Fa1

d1 52
= 241,86.
2 2

= 6288, 36 Nmm
Ta co tai D la noi truc an hoi chon theo s bo. Suy ra Dnoi truc = 63 mm

Fkn = (0, 2..0,3)
2T
D

= (0, 2..0,3)
2.27589
63

H 262, 75N
Bieu o momen:

FD

Fr 1

FT 1
Fa1
D

75
A

60
C

60
B

X

R AX
Fr 1

M a1

R BX
Z

M Y
Y

Z
FD
15027,78
8739,42

M X

19706,25

R AY

FT 1

41686,8

R BY

27589
T

1. Tnh phan lc tai cac goi ta:
- Trong mat phang xz, ta co:
M

A
= 0 M a + RBx .AB FR1.AC = 0

Suy ra: RBx =

FR1.AC M a
AB

396,12.60 6288, 36
= = 145, 657 N
120

15
Vay: M = M xC yC2 = 15027, 782 + 41686,82 = 44312, 79 Nmm + M
M td 50343, 7


Ta co :
RAx + RBx = FR1
Vay: RAx = FR1 RBx = 396,12 145, 657 = 250, 463N

RAz = Fa1 = 241,86N
- Trong mat phang yz, ta co:
M

B
= 0 Fkn .BD + RAy .AB FT 1.BC = 0

Suy ra: RAy =

FT 1.BC Fkn .BD
AB

1061,12.60 262, 75.195
= = 103,59 N
120
RBy = FT 1 RAy Fkn = 1061,12 103, 59 262, 75 = 694, 78N
2. Tnh ng knh tai cac oan truc:
Vay tiet dien nguy hiem la tai C:
MxC = 41686,8 Nmm
MyC = 15027,78 Nmm
T = 27589 Nmm

2

Tai C: M td = M 2 + 0, 75T 2 = 44312, 792 + 0, 75.275892 = 50343, 7 Nmm

d c

3

= 3
0,1[( ] 0,1.67

= 19,59 mm
Theo tieu chuan va e phu hp vi ket cau banh rang ta chon dC = 30 mm.
Tai cac tiet dien khac ta co:
Tai A: M td = M x 2 + M y 2 + 0, 75T 2 = 30970, 97 Nmm

d A c

3

M td
0,1[( ]

H 16, 66 mm
Theo tieu chuan va e at s hai hoa ve ket cau ta chon dA = dB = 25 mm
Tai D: chon dD = 18 mm
Vay ta co truc 1 :

16

ng
knh (mm)
Then
(mm)
Chieu dai
then l (mm)
Chieu dai lam
viec cua then
lt
(mm)
Momen
T (Nmm)
(d
(MPa)
(c
(MPa)
bxh t1
Truc I
18 6x6 3,5 30 24 27589 51,09 19,28
30 6x6 3,5 40 34 27589 21,64 8,4

1
8

2
0

2
5

3
0

2
5


3. Kiem nghiem then
Kiem ngiem ieu kien ben dap va ben cat oi vi then bang:
Vi cac tiet den truc dung moi ghep then can tien hanh kiem nghiem moi ghep ve
o ben dap va o ben cat theo cong thc sau:

( d =
2T
dlt (h t1 )

o [( d ]

( c =

2T
dl t b

o [( c ]
trong o [(d] = 100 MPa ng suat dap cho phep tra trong bang 9.5 [1] va cho phep ln
hn gia tr cho phep 5% va [(c] = 40 | 60 MPa la ng suat cat cho phep
Bang kiem nghiem then:

4. Kiem nghiem theo he so an toan
- Vat lieu truc: thep C45, toi cai thien.
(b = 850 MPa
vi (-1 = 0,4(b = 340 MPa; (-1 = 0,223(b = 189,66 MPa
- He so xet en anh hng tap trung tai trong: K(, K(
Tra bang 10.8 [3] ta co : K( = 2,05
K( = 1,9
- He so tang ben be mat:

17
Thong
so
ng
knh(mm)
Then Momen
chong
uon W
Momen
can
xoan W0 bxh t1
Truc I 30(C) 6x6 3,5 2405,275 5056,338

ng knh
d(mm)
( ( (a (a s( s( s
Truc I 30(C) 0,91 0,89 18,07 2,73 8,98 35,57 8,7

K ( ( a


= 1,7 tra theo bang 10.4 tai leu [3] ng vi trng hp phun bi.
- He so xet en anh hng cua ng suat trung bnh:
.( = 0,05 va .( = 0.
Bang so lieu:

trong o: W = 0,1d 3;

W0 = 0, 2d 3 khi truc ac.

W =

d 3
32

bt (d t )2 d 3 bt (d t )2
; Wo =
2d 16 2d

khi truc co mot then.
Bang kiem nghiem he so an toan s :
(trong o, [s] he so an toan cho phep nam trong khoang 1,5 2,5; khi [s] = 2,5 | 3 ta
khong can kiem nghiem truc theo o cng.)

trong o:
( , ( la he so kch thc tra trong bang 10.3 [3]
(a , (a la bien o cua ng suat tnh theo:

( a = ( max =
M
W

( a =
( max
2

=

T
2W0
s( , s( la he so an toan xet rieng cho ng suat uon va ng suat xoan:

s( =

(
( 1

+. ( ( m

s( =

K( .( a
( .
( 1
+. ( .( m

18

= = 28, 243 MPa < [( F ] = (60..80) MPa
0,1d c D0 z
0,1.10 .58.4


Khi o he so an toan kiem nghiem cho truc la :

s =

s( s(
s(2 + s(2
Ket qua kiem ngiem he so an toan cho thay cac oan truc eu thoa man he so an
toan kiem nghiem truc theo o ben moi. Ngoai ra truc con am bao ve o cng.
5. Kiem nghiem noi truc an hoi:
Vi T = 27589 Nmm ta chon noi truc co cac thong so chnh sau D0 = 58 mm; l1 = 15
mm; l2 = 22 mm; l0 = 15 mm; z = 4; lc = 19 mm va dc = 10 mm
- ieu kien ben dap cua vong an hoi:

( d =
2kT
zD0dcl0
2.1, 25.27589
= = 1,982 MPa < (2..3) MPa
4.58.10.15
Vay ieu kien ben dap cua vong an hoi c thoa.
- ieu kien ben cua chot:

( F =
lckT 19.1, 25.27589
3 3

Vay ieu kien ben cua chot c thoa.
B. Truc 2 :
Vi T2 = 131375,7 Nmm
[( ] = 20 MPa

d1 c

3

T1 131375, 7
= 3
0, 2[( ] 0, 2.20

= 32, 025 mm
Vay chon s bo ng knh tai cac doan truc:
Tai v tr xch d0 = 34 mm
Tai v tr o lan d = 40 mm
Tai v tr banh rang d1 = 45 mm
Xac nh khoang cach gia cac goi va cac iem at lc:
AD = 90 mm
AC = CB = 60 mm
Ta co cac lc : Ft2 = 1061,12 N

19


Fr2 = 396,12 N
Fa2 = 241,86 N

Suy ra: M a 2 = Fa 2
d2 260
= 241,86.
2 2

= 31441,8 Nmm
Tai v tr xch : FDX = FRcos300 = 1624,797. cos300 = 1407,12 N
FDY = FRsin300 = 1624,797. sin300 = 812,398 N
Bieu o momen:
FDX
FDY

D

A

Fa2
FT 2

C

Fr 2

B
90 60 60

X

FDX

Fr 2

M a 2

R BX
Z

M Y

R AX

35715,9

67157,7

Y

FDY

126640,8

R BY

Z

M X

R AY

FT 2

68391,54
73115,82
131375,7
T

1. Tnh phan lc tai cac goi ta:
- Trong mat phang xz, ta co:
M

A
= 0 M a + RBX .AB + Fr 2 .AC FDX .AD = 0

20
Mtd 185280


Suy ra: RBX =

FDX .AD M a Fr 2 .AC
AB

=

1407,12.90 31441,8 396,12.60
120
= 595, 265N
Ta co :
RAX = FDX + Fr 2 + RBX = 1407,12 + 396,12 + 595, 265
= 2398,505N
- Trong mat phang yz, ta co:
M

A
= 0 FDY .AD RBY .AB + FT 2 .AC = 0

Vay: RBY =

FDY .AD + FT 2.AC
AB

812,398.90 + 1061,12.60
= = 1139,859 N
120
Vay: RAY = FDY + RBY FT 2 = 812, 398 + 1139,859 1061,12
= 891,137 N
2. Tnh ng knh tai cac oan truc:
Vay tiet dien nguy hiem la tai A:
MxA= 73115,82 Nmm
MyA = 126640,8 Nmm
T2 = 131375,7 Nmm
Suy ra: M = M 2 xA + M 2 yA = 126640,82 + 73115,822 = 146232, 06 Nmm

Tai A: M td = M 2 + 0, 75T 2 = 146232, 062 + 0, 75.131375, 7 2 = 185280 Nmm

d A =

3

= 3 H 30, 24 mm
0,1[( ] 0,1.67
Chon theo tieu chuan va e cho can oi vi ket cau cua banh rang ta chon dA =
40mm.
Tai cac tiet dien khac ta co:
Tai C: ta chon theo tieu chuan va e can oi vi ket cau cua truc ta chon dC =
45mm.
Tai D: chon dD = 32mm.
Vay truc 2 co dang nh sau:

21

ng knh
(mm)
Then
(mm) Chieu dai
then l (mm)
bxh t1
Chieu dai lam
viec cua then
lt
(mm)
Momen
T
(Nmm)
(d
(MPa)
(c
(MPa)
Truc II
45 10x8 5 45 35 131375,7 55,61 14,59
32 10x8 5 40 30 131375,7 91,23 23,46

4
0
. 0

4
5
. 0

3
2
. 0

3
6
. 0

4
0
. 0


3. Kiem nghiem then
Kiem ngiem ieu kien ben dap va ben cat oi vi then bang:
Vi cac tiet den truc dung moi ghep then can tien hanh kiem nghiem moi ghep ve
o ben dap va o ben cat theo cong thc sau:

( d =
2T
dlt (h t1 )

o [( d ]

( c =

2T
dl t b

o [( c ]
trong o [(d] = 100 MPa ng suat dap cho phep tra trong bang 9.5 [1] va cho phep ln
hn gia tr cho phep 5% va [(c] = 40 | 60 MPa la ng suat cat cho phep.
Bang kiem nghiem then:

22
Thong
so
ng
knh(mm)
Then Momen
chong
uon W
Momen
can
xoan W0 bxh t1
Truc II 45(C) 10x8 5 8058,45 17005,78

ng knh
d(mm)
( ( (a (a s( s( s
Truc II 45(C) 0,88 0,81 12,75 3,86 20,92 22,91 15,4


trong o chieu dai then l (mm) chon theo tieu chuan bang 9.1a [1].
4. Kiem nghiem truc theo he so an toan
- Vat lieu truc: thep C45, toi cai thien.
(b = 850 MPa
vi (-1 = 0,4(b = 340 MPa; (-1 = 0,223(b = 189,66 MPa
- He so xet en anh hng tap trung tai trong: K( ,K(
Tra bang 10.8 [3] ta co : K( = 2,05
K( = 1,9
- He so tang ben be mat:
= 1,7 tra theo bang 10.4 tai leu [3] ng vi trng hp phun bi.
- He so xet en anh hng cua ng suat trung bnh:
.( = 0,05 va .( = 0.
Bang so lieu:

trong o: W = 0,1d 3;

W0 = 0, 2d 3 khi truc ac.

W =

d 3
32

bt (d t )2 d 3 bt (d t )2
; Wo =
2d 16 2d

khi truc co mot then.
Bang kiem nghiem he so an toan s :
(trong o, [s] he so an toan cho phep nam trong khoang 1,5 2,5 ; khi [s] = 2,5 | 3 ta
khong can kiem nghiem truc theo o cng.)

trong o:
( , ( la he so kch thc tra trong bang 10.3 [3]
(a , (a la bien o cua ng suat tnh theo:

23

K ( ( a


( a = ( max =

M
W

( a =
( max
2

=

T
2W0
s( , s( la he so an toan xet rieng cho ng suat uon va ng suat xoan:

s( =

(
( 1

+. ( ( m

s( =

K( .( a
( .
( 1
+. ( .( m
Khi o he so an toan kiem nghiem cho truc la :

s =

s( s(
s(2 + s(2
Ket qua kiem ngiem he so an toan cho thay cac oan truc eu thoa man he so an
toan kiem nghiem truc theo o ben moi. Ngoai ra truc con am bao ve o cng.
2.4 TNH TOAN CHON O
A. TRUC 1:

D

A

FRA

Fa1

B

FRB

ng knh ngong truc: d = 25mm.
So vong quay n = 945 vg/ph.
1. Tai trong hng tam tac dung len o A:

FRA = RAy 2 + RAX 2 = 103,592 + 250, 4632 = 271, 04N
Khi o tai trong hng tam tac dung len o B:

24
= = 1360,8 trieu vong quay
10 10
Ctt = Q L3 = 848,103 10 1360,83 = 7389, 02N < C = 11800N


FRB = RBy 2 + RBX 2 = 145, 657 2 + 694, 782 = 709,88N
Ta co lc tac dung doc truc Fa1 = 241,86N la kha ln so vi FR (ta co Fa / Fr
= 241,86 / 271, 04 = 0,89 > 0, 3 ) ta chon o bi chan mot day
Ta chon loai c ac biet nhe vi C =11800N, C0 = 6290N va a = 120
Ta co Fa / C0 = 241,86 / 6290 = 0, 038 , tra bang 11.3 [3]. Suy ra: e = 0,35
Ta co :
S1 = e.FRA = 0,35.271, 04 = 94,864 N

S2 = e.FRB = 0,35.709,88 = 248, 458N
V S1 < S2 va Fa = 241,86N > 248, 458 94,864 = 153, 594N nen theo bang 11.5 [3] ta co:

Fa1 = S1 = 94,864 N

Fa 2 = S1 + Fa = 94,864 + 241,86 = 336, 724 N
Ta chon o theo o ben phai v tai trong tac dung ln hn.

Do t so
Fa2
VFRB
336, 724
= = 0, 47 > 0, 35. Suy ra: X = 0, 45 va Y = 1,57
1.709,88
Tai trong quy c:
Q = ( XVFr + YFa )K( Kt
vi: V = 1 ng vi vong trong quay.
Kt = 1 he so xet en anh hng nhiet o en tuoi tho o
K( = 1 he so xet en anh hng ac tnh tai trong en tuoi tho o

Q = ( XVFr + YFa )K( KT = (0, 45.1.709,88 + 1,57.336, 724).1.1 = 848,103N
2. Thi gian lam viec tnh bang trieu vong quay:

L =
60nLh 60.945.5.300.8.2
6 6

3. Kha nang tai ong tnh toan:

10

Theo [1] ta tien hanh chon o lan theo Ctt < C vi C la gia tr tai trong ong cua o tra
trong phu luc P2.8 [1].

25
K hieu o d,mm D,mm B,mm r,mm C,N C0, N
36105 25 47 12 1 11800 6290

C | 11800 |
= = 114251, 5 gi
= = 36 mm la ng knh tam con lan.


4. Khi o tuoi tho chnh xac cua o la:
10 / 3
L = |
Q .
10 / 3
= |
848,103 .

= 6478, 06 trieu vong
5. Tuoi tho o tnh bang gi:

Lh =
106 L
60n
6478, 06.106
60.945
6. Kiem tra kha nang tai tnh cua o:
Chon mot trong hai gia tr ln nhat
Q0 = X 0 FRB + Y0 Fa = 0, 6.709,88 + 0, 5.241,86 = 546,858N
(vi: X0 = 0,6 va Y0 = 0,5 (bang 11.6 [3])
Q0 = FRB = 709,88N
Ta thay Q0 = 709,88N < C0 = 6290N , do o o c chon thoa man ieu kien ben tnh.
7. Xac nh so vong quay ti han cua o:
Ta co: Dpwn( .105 = 4, 5 (tra trong bang 11.7 [3] khi boi trn bang m)

vi Dpw =

( D + d ) (25 + 47)
2 2

Suy ra: ngh =
4,5.105
36

= 12500 vg/ph > n = 945 vg/ph .
Do o o c chon thoa so vong quay ti han.
B. TRUC 2:
ng knh ngong truc: d = 40mm
So vong quay n = 189 vg/ph.

D

F RA

A

F a2

C
B

F RB

1. Tai trong hng tam tac dung len o A:

26
K hieu o d,mm D,mm B,mm r,mm C,KN C0, KN
208 40 80 18 2 25,6 18,1

= = 272,16 trieu vong quay
10 10
Ctt = Q L = 2558, 7 272,16 = 16581, 64 N
C | 25600 |
10 .1001, 52


FRA = RAy 2 + RAX 2 = 891,137 2 + 2398,5052 = 2558, 7 N
Khi o tai trong hng tam tac dung len o B:

FRB = RBy 2 + RBX 2 = 1139,8592 + 595, 2652 = 1285, 93N
Ta co do Fa2 = 241,86N la kha nho so vi FR (ta co Fa / Fr = 241,86 /1285,93
= 0,19 < 0,3 ) ta chon o bi mot day
V FRA > FRB nen ta tnh toan chon o theo o A la o chu lc ln hn.
2. Tai trong quy c:
Ta co: do Fa2 la kha nho nen he so X = 1 va Y = 0
Q = VFRA K( Kt
vi: V = 1 ng vi vong trong quay.
K t = 1 he so xet en anh hng nhiet o en tuoi tho o
K ( = 1 he so xet en anh hng ac tnh tai trong en tuoi tho o

Q = VFRA K( KT = 1.2558, 7.1.1 = 2558, 7 N
3. Thi gian lam viec tnh bang trieu vong quay:

L =
60nLh 60.189.5.300.8.2
6 6

4. Kha nang tai ong tnh toan:

3 3

Theo [1] ta tien hanh chon o lan theo Ctt < C vi C la gia tr tai trong ong cua o tra
trong phu luc P2.7 [1]. Ta chon o bi:

5. Khi o tuoi tho chnh xac cua o la:
3 3
L = | = | = 1001,52 trieu vong
Q . 2558, 7 .
6. Tuoi tho o tnh bang gi:

Lh =
106 L
60.n
6
= = 88317, 46 gi
60.189

27
Ten goi So lieu
Chieu day: Than hop
Nap hop
' = 8mm
'1 = 8mm
Gan tang cng: chieu day e e = 7mm
ng knh:
- Bulong nen d1
- Bulong canh o d2
d1 = 18mm
d2 = 12mm
d3 = 10mm

= = 60 mm la ng knh tam con lan.


7. Kiem tra kha nang tai tnh cua o:
Chon mot trong hai gia tr ln nhat
Q0 = X 0 FRA + Y0 Fa = 0, 6.2558, 7 + 0, 5.241,86 = 1656,15N
(vi: X0 = 0,6 va Y0 = 0,5 (bang 11.6 [3])
Q0 = FRA = 2558, 7 N
Ta thay Q0 = 2558, 7 N < C0 = 18100 N , do o o c chon thoa man ieu kien ben tnh.
8. Xac nh so vong quay ti han cua o:
Ta co: Dpwn( .105 = 4, 5 (tra trong bang 11.7 [3] khi boi trn bang m)

vi D pw =

( D + d ) (80 + 40)
2 2

Suy ra: ngh =
4,5.105
60

= 7500 vg/ph > n = 189 vg/ph .
Do o o c chon thoa so vong quay ti han.
2.5 THIET KE VO HOP:
- Vo hop giam toc co nhiem vu am bao v tr tng oi gia cac chi tiet va cac bo
phan cua may, tiep nhan tai trong do cac chi tiet lap tren vo truyen e, ng dau
boi trn va bao ve cac chi tiet trnh bui .
- Vat lieu l gang xam GX15-32 .
- Chon be mat lap ghep gia nap hop va than hop i qua cac truc e lap cac chi tiet
thuan tien va de dang hn .
- Be mat lap nap va than c cao sach hoac mai, e lap st, khi lap co mot lp sn
long hoac sn ac biet.
-
Mat ay hop giam toc nghieng ve pha lo thao dau vi o doc khoang 10
Ket cau hop giam toc uc, vi cac kch thc c ban nh sau:

28

A
(mm)
B
(mm)
A1
(mm)
B1
(mm)
C
(mm)
K
(mm)
R
(mm)
Vt
So lng
vt
150 100 190 140 175 120 12 M8x20 4


- Bulong ghep bch nap va than d3
- Vt ghep nap o d4
- Vit nap ca tham
Mat bch ghep nap va than:
Chieu day bch than hop S3
Chieu day bch nap hop S4
Be rong bch nap va than K3
Mat e hop:
Chieu day: khi khong co phan loi S1
So lng bulong nen:

d4 = 8mm
d5 = 8mm

S3 = 16mm
S4 = 15mm
K3 = 38mm

S1 = 22mm
Z=4
2.6 CAC CHI TIET PHU:
Vong chan dau: tac dung ngan khong cho dau m tiep xuc nhau.

Chot nh v hnh con loai 10x45:

Nap quan sat ta lay:

Nut thong hi: chon M27x2 vi cac thong so.

29

A B C D E G H I K L M N O P Q R S
M27 15 30 15 45 36 32 6 4 10 8 22 6 32 18 36 32

d b m f L
c
q D S Do
M16x1,5 12 8 3 23 2 13.8 26
17
19,6


Nut thao dau: chon M16x1,5. Cac thong so tra trong bang 18-7 [2].

Que tham dau:

30

9

8
4

1
1
5

7

6


12

14

12

6

Vt vong M10: giup nang va van chuyen hop giam toc (khi gia cong ,khi van
chuyen).

III. DUNG SAI LAP GHEP:
Da vao ket cau va yeu cau lam viec , che o tai cua cac chi tiet trong hop giam toc
ma ta chon cac kieu lap ghep sau:
1. Dung sai va lap ghep banh rang:
Chu tai va, va ap nhe va moi ghep khong yeu cau thao lap thng xuyen ta chon
kieu lap trung H7/k6
2. Dung sai va lap ghep o lan:
Khi lap ghep o lan ta lu y:

31
Kch thc
tiet dien
then
Bxh
Sai lech gii han chieu rong ranh
then
Chieu sau ranh then
Tren truc Tren bac Sai lech gii
han tren truc t1
Sai lech gii
han tren bac t2 P9 D10

Moi lap
Sai lech gii han
tren (m)
Sai lech gii han
di (m)
ES es EI ei
30H7/k6 +21 +15 0 +2
45H7/k6 +25 +18 0 +2

Moi lap
Sai lech gii han
tren (m)
Sai lech gii han
di (m)
ES es EI ei
25k6 0 +15 -10 +2
40k6 0 +18 -12 +2


- Lap vong trong len truc theo he thong lo, lap vong ngoai vao vo theo he thong
truc.
- e cac vong o khong trn trt theo be mat truc hoac lo hop khi lam viec, can
chon kieu lap trung gian co o doi cho cac vong quay.
- oi vi cac vong khong quay ta s dung kieu lap co o h.
Chnh v vay ma khi lap o lan len truc ta chon moi ghep k6, con khi lap o lan vao vo
th ta chon H7.
3. Dung sai khi lap vong chan dau:
Chon kieu lap trung gian H7/js6 e thuan tien cho qua trnh thao lap.
4. Dung sai khi lap vong lo xo ( bac chan) tren truc tuy ong:
V bac ch co tac dung chan cac chi tiet tren truc nen ta chon che o lap co o h
H8/h7
5. Dung sai lap then tren truc:
Theo chieu rong chon kieu lap tren truc la P9 va kieu lap tren bac la D10
Bang dung sai lap ghep banh rang:

Bang dung sai lap ghep o lan

Bang dung sai lap ghep then:

32

6x6 -0,042
+0,078
+0,030
+0,1 +0,1
10x8 -0,051
+0,098
+0,040
+0,2 +0,2


33

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