TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 4200:2012
T XY DNG - PHNG PHP XC NH TNH NN LN TRONG PHNG TH NGHM
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of compressibility
Li ni u
TCVN 4200:2012 duoc chuyn di t TCVN 4200:1995 thnh Tiu chun Quc gia theo quy
djnh tai khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v dim b khon 2 iu 6
Nghj djnh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy djnh chi tit thi hnh mt s
diu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 4200:2012 do Vin Khoa hoc Cng ngh Xy dung- B Xy dung bin soan, B Xy dung
d nghj, Tng cuc Tiu chun o lung Cht luong thm djnh, B Khoa hoc v Cng ngh cng
b.
T X !"NG # $H%&NG $H'$ X'C (NH T)NH N*N L+N T,-NG $H.NG TH) NGHI/0
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of compressibility
1 $123 4i 56 78n9
Tiu chun ny quy djnh phuong php xc djnh tnh nn ln (trong diu kin khng n hng) ca
dt loai ct v dt loai st c kt cu nguyn trang hoc khng nguyn trang, d m tu nhin
hoc bo ho nuc, trong phng th nghim dng trong xy dung.
2 T1u:; n9< 4= >n1 n91?@
Trong tiu chun ny c s dung cc thut ng, djnh ngha sau:
2.1
Tnh nn ln ca dt (Compressibility)
Kh nng gim th tch ca n (do gim d rng, biu hin su gim chiu cao) dui tc dung
ca ti trong ngoi.
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3.1 Vic xc djnh tnh nn ln ca dt bao gm: xc djnh h s nn ln, chi s nn, p luc tin c
kt, modun tng bin dang, h s c kt ca dt c kt cu nguyn trang hoc ch bj, d m tu
nhin hoc hon ton bo ho nuc.
3.2 lm bo ho mu dt, nn dng nuc ct hoc nuc ung duoc. th nghim cc mu
dt c cha mui ho tan, nn dng nuc dui dt tai noi ly mu hoc bng nuc c thnh
phn ho hoc tuong tu.
3.3 Mu dt th nghim c hnh tru trn, vi t s gia dung knh v chiu cao khong 3/4. i
vi dt loai st v dt loai ct (khng ln si san), dung knh mu cho php khng nh hon 50
mm. i vi dt c ln si san, dung knh mu khng nn nh hon 70 mm.
3.4 Ti trong tc dung ln mu theo tng cp v phi bo dm thng dng. Sai s cho php ca
mi cp p dung trong thi gian th nghim khng vuot qu 3 .
c th xc djnh nhng trj s ln ban du sau khi dt luc, dng tc cht ti mi cp p luc
phi duoc thuc hin nh nhng, trnh rung v khng chm qu 3 s.
3.5 Cp ti trong ban du d th nghim mu c kt cu nguyn nn ly bng hoc nh hon p
luc bn thn tc dung ln mu dt.
Nu lp dt ly mu l dng nht v trn mc nuc ngm th p luc bn thn (bt) tnh bng
kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (1):
Nu lp dt ly mu nm dui muc nuc ngm, th p luc bn thn duoc tnh bng kilopascan
(kPa) theo cng thc (2):
trong d:
H l d su ly mu, tnh bng mt (m)
H1 l d su muc nuc ngm k t mt dt, tnh bng mt (m)
l khi luong th tch ca dt nm trn muc nuc ngm, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi
(g/cm)
i vi dt c kt cu khng nguyn trang (ch bj) th gi trj cp ti trong ban du duoc xc djnh
trn co so d cht v trang thi ca mu.
CH THCH 1: i vi dt nn cht bnh thung, d cht (h s rng) lun lun tuong ng vi
p luc bn thn
CH THCH 2: i vi dt nn chua dn cht th d cht nh hon, cn di vi dt nn qu cht
th ln hon trj tuong ng vi p luc bn thn.
Phuong php hop l nht xc djnh trj ti trong nn du tin l cn c vo d bn kin trc thuc
t ca dt th nghim: gi trj p luc nh nht gy ra bin dang nn ln tc thi 0,01 mm.
3.6 p luc ln nht dng d th nghim nn ln mu c kt cu nguyn trang phi ln hon t nht
15 so vi tng p luc do cng trnh v p luc bn thn d su ly mu (hay trj d bn kin
trc thuc t ca dt), cn di vi dt khng nguyn trang th phi ln hon p luc ca cng trnh
khong t 100 kPa dn 200 kPa.
3.7 Trj s cc cp p luc nn th nghim duoc xc djnh theo tnh cht ca dt v yu cu thuc t
ca cng trnh trong tng trung hop cu th. Thng thung, cp sau ln gp hai ln cp truc.
i vi dt loai st trang thi do chy v chy, s dung cc cp 10 25 50 100 v 200 kPa
i vi st, st pha trang thi do mm v do cng dng cc cp 25 50 100 200 v 400
kPa
i vi dt cng v na cng, dng cc cp 50 100 200 400 v 800 kPa.
S luong cp p luc khng nh hon 5 cho mt mu nn.
3.8 Mi cp p luc tc dung ln mu duoc gi cho dn khi dat n djnh bin dang nn. Trong
nhng th nghim thng thung th bin dang nn duoc xem l n djnh, nu khng vuot qu
0,01 mm trong thi gian khng t hon 30 min di vi dt ct 3 h di vi dt ct pha 12 h di vi
dt st pha v dt st c chi s do lp 30.
CH THCH 1: i vi st pha, nu thi gian tc dung p luc ln mu khng t hon 24 h, th c
th xem l n djnh v bin dang. i vi st c chi do lp 30 v st mm yu th bin dang chi
duoc coi l n djnh, nu khng vuot qu 0,01 mm trong 24 h.
CH THCH 2: uoc php dng phuong php nn nhanh trong cc trung hop sau:
a) i vi nhng cng trnh khng quan trong, khng di hi phi xc djnh chnh xc d ln v
duoc su dng ca co quan thit k
b) t c chi s do p 30 v d st s 0,50.
Khi nn nhanh, gi cc cp ti trong du v trung gian trong 2 h ring cp cui duoc gi dn n
djnh, nhu 4.8 sau d tin hnh hiu chinh bng phuong php thch hop.
4 $1DEn9 6156 ;1F
4.1 Thit bj, dung cu v vt liu
4.1.1 xc djnh tnh nn ln ca mu dt trong diu kin khng c n hng, c th dng cc
loai my nn khc nhau, nhung phi bo dm cc quy djnh trong tiu chun ny.
Nhng b phn ch yu ca my nn bao gm:
- Hp nn
- Bn my
- B phn tng ti vi h thng cnh tay dn
- Thit bj do bin dang.
4.1.2 Yu cu di vi cc thit bj th nghim
Hp nn phi c cc b phn hm: d kn kht ca my phi bo dm bin dang ca my phi t
nht. Dao vng cha mu phi nhn v c dung knh trong (d) khng nh hon 70 mm v khng
ln hon dung knh trong ca ng ly mu dt chiu cao dao vng khng nh hon 20 mm v b
dy t 0,05d dn 0,04d. T s gia chiu cao v dung knh ca dao vng khng nh hon t 1/3
dn 1/4.
CH THCH: i vi dt khng c hat th (ln hon 2 mm), dung knh trong ca dao vng duoc
php khng nh hon 50 mm.
4.1.3 Khi tc dung ti trong, phi bo dm luc truyn xung tm nn theo hung thng dng v
dng tm mu. ung knh ca tm nn phi nh hon dung knh trong ca dao vng t 0,1
mm dn 0,3 mm, chiu dy ca tm nn phi dm bo cho luc truyn qua duoc ton b v phn
b du trn mt mu.
thm phi bo dm cho nuc c th thot ra t mu hay thm vo mu mt cch d dng.
Vt liu lm d thm phi c d bin dang ring rt nh, khng dng k (chng han, hop cht
silic-cacbon).
dy hp thm phi c l v lp ng d dn nuc c p luc khi lm bo ho nuc. thnh dy
hoc np hp nn cn c l thot kh v nuc.
Truc khi th nghim phi kim tra d kn kht ca hp nn, d bng phng ca bn my, su cn
bng ca b phn truyn ti. Trong qu trnh th nghim, my phi duoc gi trong diu kin yn
tnh, khng bj nh hung ca cc luc rung hoc va dp gi my c th dt c djnh nn hay
ngm cht vo tung.
4.1.4 Mi chic my nn phi c bn hiu chinh bin dang ring. Mi nm, nn tin hnh hiu
chinh bin dang ca tng chic my v cc thng s ca dao vng t nht hai ln.
CH THCH: xc djnh bin dang ca cc b phn my, cn thay mu dt trong dao vng
bng mt mu chun kim loai v dt trn d nhng ming giy thm d lm ut, sau d, tin
hnh truyn p luc theo cc cp ging nhu khi th nghim dt. Mi cp p luc duoc gi cho dn
khi hon ton khng cn bin dang trong 2 min. i vi mi chic my cn tin hnh th t nht
ba ln ly gi trj trung bnh cng ca cc ln th lm trj s hiu chinh bin dang ring cho my
d.
4.1.5 Cc dung cu khc:
- Mu chun bng kim loai
- Dao got dt
- Dao gat bng
- Dung cu n mu vo dao vng
- T sy diu chinh duoc nhit d
- Cn k thut c d chnh xc dn 0,01 g
- ng h do bin dang c khc vach dn 0,01 mm.
Cc dung cu d lm th nghim lp (song song) khi xc djnh d m, chi s do v khi luong
ring.
4.2 Chun bj mu
4.2.1 i vi mu dt nguyn trang, khi chun bj mu th nghim cn han ch dn mc thp nht
su tn tht luong nuc do bc hoi cng nhu cc va cham.
Sau khi ly mu vo dao vng, phi gat bng mt trn v mt dui theo mp dao. Nhng ch
lm trn mt phi duoc lp dy bng dt du ca mu (ch khng ly dt c ln si san).
Lau sach dao vng c mu dt ri cn n trn cn k thut vi d chnh xc dn 0,01 g d xc
djnh khi luong th tch v d m ca dt truc khi nn.
4.2.2 i vi dt khng nguyn trang th ly mu trung bnh c khi luong khong 200 g t dt
d duoc nghin so b (nu gp dt m th dng tay lm toi, nht b si san v tap cht khc) d
ch bj mu v khong 10 g d xc djnh d m ban du 1.
Khi luong (mo) ca dt d m khng ch (0) duoc tnh bng gam, theo cng thc (3):
Trong d
0 l d m khng ch, tnh bng phn trm ()
1 l d m ban du, tnh bng phn trm ()
M1 l khi luong ca dt ly d ch bj, tnh bng gam (g).
Nu d m ban du ca dt thp hon hoc cao hon d m khng ch, th thm nuc hoc hong
kh dt trong khng kh d mu dat duoc d m cn thit. Khi luong nuc cn thm vo hay
gim di bng hiu s ca m1 v m0
Sau khi thm nuc hay hong kh, phi nho trn dt lai cn thn.
Nhi dt vo dao vng theo d cht v d m khng ch. Khi luong dt cn thit d nhi dy
vo dao vng duoc tnh theo cng thc (4).
Trong d
m l khi luong dt cn thit d nhi dy vo dao vng, tnh bng gam (g)
V l th tch dao vng, tnh bng xentimt khi (cm)
o l khi luong th tch ca dt cn khng ch d m 0, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi
(g/cm).
Khi nhi dt vo dao vng, phi dm cht tng lp mt. Khi cn ch bj s ln mu dt c cng
d cht v d m th cho php nn dt trong ci c dung tch ln hon tng th tch tt c cc
mu. nn dt trong ci, c th dng kch hoc dung cu dm cht tiu chun.
Sau khi nhi dy dt vo dao vng, cn got phn dt tha hai du cho bng vi mp dao, ri
lau sach v cn trn cn k thut vi d chnh xc dn 0,01 g d xc djnh khi luong th tch v
d m ban du ca mu dt. m ban du duoc xc djnh bng hiu s gia khi luong dt
truc v sau khi th nghim nn.
CH THCH: C th ly dt cn tha sau khi cho vo dao vng d xc djnh d m ca dt truc
khi th nghim.
4.3 Cch tin hnh
4.3.1 Sau khi mu dt duoc chun bj xong nhu 4.2, ly hp nn ra khi bn my v lp mu
vo.
Truc khi lp mu, phi bi mt lp du my hoc vadolin mt ngoi dao vng v thnh hp
nn.
Trn hai mt mu dt phi dt hai t giy thm d duoc lm m truc (dt giy thm truc khi
cn mu). Mu duoc dt gia, tm d thm cng duoc thm ut truc v pha trn cng l
tm nn truyn ti trong.
4.3.2 t hp nn d lp xong mu ln bn nn, cn bng h thng tng ti bng di trong v dt
hp dng vo dim truyn luc lp dng h do bin dang v diu chinh kim dng h d v vj tr
ban du hoc v vj tr s 0.
CH THCH: cc b phn ca my nn tip xc tt v hoat dng chnh xc khi lp dao vng
v dt vo hp nn, cn phi xoay d c su tip xc cht nht truc khi th nghim nn tc dung
ln mu dt mt p luc khong 1 x 10
3
Pa v chinh kim dng h bin dang v vj tr ban du hoc
v vj tr 0.
4.3.3 Tng ti trong v theo di bin dang ca mu
Tng ti trong ln mu dt theo chi dn 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 v 3.8.
Theo di bin dang nn trn dng h bin dang dui mi cp ti trong ngay sau 15 s tng ti.
Khong thi gian doc bin dang nn ln sau duoc ly gp di so vi ln doc truc: 15 s 30 s 1
min 2 min 4 min 8 min 15 min 30 min, 1 h 2 h 3 h 6 h 12 h v 24 h k t lc bt du th
nghim cho dn khi n djnh quy uc theo 3.8.
Khi khng cn do tc d ln, th c th doc bin dang nn ng vi mi cp ti trong cc thi
dim 10 min 20 min 30 min, 1 h 2 h 3 h v 4 h cho dn khi dat n djnh quy uc.
4.3.4 Ti trong cn thit d tc dung ln mu mi p luc, duoc tnh bng niuton (N) theo cng
thc (5) sau
trong d:
mc l trong luong ca tm nn, hn bi v vin d thm trn mu, tnh bng niuton (N)
l din tch mu, tnh bng mt vung (m)
l p luc tc dung ln mu, tnh bng pascan (Pa)
l t l cnh tay dn ca h thng truyn luc.
4.3.5 Nu cn lm bo ho mu th d nuc theo ng dn qua d hp nn, cho thm dn t
dui ln v gi trong khong thi gian khng t hon 10 min di vi ct 6 h di vi ct pha v st
pha c chi s do lp khng ln hon 12 12 h di vi st pha c p ln hon 12 v st c p khng
ln hon 22 24 h di vi st c p t 22 dn 35 48 h di vi st c p ln hon 35.
Trong thi gian bo ho, phi hm khng cho dt n v theo di s doc dng h do bin dang.
Nu kim dng h do bin dang djch chuyn th chng t mu bj n lc d phi chinh lai vt hm
d dua kim tr lai vj tr ban du truc khi lm m mu.
Dng bng ut ph ln mu d khi bj kh. Nu mu trong tu nhin l bo ho nuc, th d
thm nuc cho ngp mu.
4.3.6 Sau khi d dat n djnh ln cp cui cng th thm v ht ht nuc trong hp nn, d ti
trong trn gi treo, nng h thng truyn luc ln, ly hp nn ra, nhc tm truyn luc v d thm
bn trn mu dt, sau d ly dao vng c dt ra khi hp nn.
4.3.7 Xc djnh khi luong th tch v d m ca mu dt sau khi nn: dng vi hoc giy thm
kh lau sach nuc dem cn dao vng c dt m v do th tch ca mu dt, sau d sy kh
ton b mu (gm c dao vng, dt v giy thm) dem cn lai trn cn k thut vi d chnh xc
ti 0,01 g d tm khi luong kh.
m v khi luong th tch duoc xc djnh bng phuong php cn.
4.3.8 Nu cn xc djnh bin dang khi phuc ca dt, phi doi cho dn khi su ln ca mu dt
dui ti trong d ngng hn mi bt du d ti ln luot tng cp cho dn cp cui cng, v ly
s doc trn dng h do bin dang. Khi chi quan tm dn bin dang khi phuc cui cng, khng
nht thit phi d ti ln luot tng cp c th d mi ln hai cp. Nu c yu cu, c th d ti
mt cp no d, ri lai tng tip, hoc tng v d ti theo mt s chu k. Thi gian theo di bin
dang khi phuc ca dt ct pha v st pha duoc php gim bt hai ln so vi lc tng ti. i vi
dt st th tiu chun n djnh v bin dang khi phuc cng duoc ly nhu bin dang nn ln.
4.3.9 Sau khi d d ht cp cui cng v bin dang khi phuc d n djnh, ly dao vng c dt ra
khi my nn. Th nghim xong, phi kim tra v bi tron du m tt c cc chi tit ca my d
chng gi.
CH THCH: Cc trj hiu chinh bin dang ca my nn chi c gi trj cho tng chic cu th, vi
cng loai giy thm, cng diu kin cht v d ti hon ton ging nhu khi th nghim. Bin dang
thuc t ca mu dt ng vi mi cp ti bng hiu s gia tng bin dang ghi duoc khi th
nghim v bin dang ring tuong ng ca tng my (cc trj hiu chinh theo 4.1.4).
4.3.10 Khi cn xc djnh d ln ut tuong di ca dt (ln do tm ut, ln sp) th sau khi n djnh
d ln dui p luc bng tng ti trong cng trnh v p luc bn thn ca ct dt mt d su
no d, tin hnh tm ut mu v theo di d ln do bj bo ho nuc. Tip d, lai tng ti thm
tng cp cho dn trj b sung cui cng t 100 kPa dn 300 kPa (ty yu cu). Luong bin di
chiu cao (d ln) ca mu dt cp ti trong truc v sau khi tm ut phi duoc theo di v
ghi chp dy d.
4.4 Biu thj kt qu
4.4.1 Tnh ton cc dc trung vt l ca dt
m truc khi th nghim (0) duoc tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc (6):
m sau khi th nghim (k) duoc tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc (7):
Khi luong th tch truc khi th nghim (o), duoc tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm), theo
cng thc (8):
Khi luong th tch sau khi th nghim (k) duoc tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm), theo
cng thc (9):
H s rng ban du ca dt (e0) duoc tnh theo cng thc (10):
Mc d bo ho nuc truc khi th nghim (G0) duoc tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc:
trong d:
md l khi luong dao vng, tnh bng gam (g)
m1 l khi luong dao vng c dt truc khi th nghim, tnh bng gam (g)
m2 l khi luong dao vng c dt sau khi th nghim, tnh bng gam (g)
m3 l khi luong dao vng c dt sau khi sy kh, tnh bng gam (g)
p l khi luong ring ca dt, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm)
V l th tch dao vng, tnh bng xentimt khi (cm).
4.4.2 Xc djnh bin dang ca mu (hn) trong qu trnh th nghim cp ti trong th n theo
cng thc (12):
hn rn - r0 - Mn (12)
trong d:
hn l bin dang ca mu dt cp ti trong th n, tnh bng milimt (mm)
Mn l bin dang ca my cp ti trong th n, tnh bng milimt (mm)
r0 l bin dang ban du dng h do bin dang, tnh bng milimt (mm)
rn l bin dang cp ti trong th n dng h do khi d n djnh bin dang nn ca mu dt, tnh
bng milimt (mm).
4.4.3 Tnh ton su thay di ca h s rng (en) di vi mi p luc theo cng thc (13):
v h s rng (en) ng vi cp p luc d theo cng thc (14):
i vi cp p luc cui cng, tuong ng c:
v
Trong d
h0 l chiu cao mu dt truc khi th nghim, tnh bng milimt (mm)
e0 l h s rng ca dt truc khi th nghim
hn l bin dang ca mu dt dui cp p luc th n, tnh bng milimt (mm)
ek l h s rng ca dt ng vi cp p luc cui cng
ek l luong bin di (gim) h s rng ng vi cp p luc cui cng
hk l bin dang ca mu dt dui cp p luc cui cng, tnh bng milimt (mm).
4.4.4 Tnh ton h s rng cp p luc cui cng theo d m v khi luong th tch ca mu
sau khi th nghim.
Trung hop th nghim mu dt d m tu nhin hoc d m khng ch, theo cng thc (17):
trong d:
e k l h s rng ca mu sau khi th nghim
k l d m ca mu dt sau khi th nghim, tnh bng phn trm ()
k l khi luong th tch ca mu sau khi th nghim, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm)
l khi luong ring ca dt, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm).
Trung hop th nghim mu dt hon ton bo ho nuc, tnh theo cng thc (18):
4.4.5 So snh gi trj cui cng ca h s rng tnh theo bin dang (ek) vi gi trj ca h s rng
tnh theo d m v khi luong th tch ca mu sau khi th nghim (ek).
Nu sai s gia ek v ek nm trong khong 5 (xem trj s ek l 100 ) th c th tin hnh v
dung cong nn ln t cc gi trj tnh ton theo bin dang ca mu.
Nu sai s gia chng ln hon 5 th hoc phi lm lai th nghim, hoc v dung cong nn
ln t cc h s rng theo d m v d cht truc v sau khi th nghim, cn cc h s rng
trung gian duoc xc djnh theo cng thc (19):
trong d:
l h s hiu chinh, duoc tnh bng cng thc (20):
en l h s rng cp trung gian th n d hiu chinh
en l h s rng cp trung gian th n tnh theo bin dang.
4.4.6 V dung nn ln
Lp lin h gia su bin di trj h s rng (e) v p luc thng dng () duoc goi l dung nn
ln (Hnh 1). Thng thung, trn truc honh dt cc gi trj p luc () theo t l t 1 cm cho 20
KPa dn 1 cm cho 50 kPa trn truc tung dt cc gi trj h s rng tuong ng (e) theo t l t 1
cm cho 0,01 dn 1 cm cho 0,05.
4.4.7 Sau khi hiu chinh v v dung nn ln, xc djnh h s nn ln () duoc tnh bng mt
trn pascan (Pa
-1
), theo cng thc (21):
trong d:
en-1 l h s rng cp ti trong th n - 1
en l h s rng cp ti trong th n
n-1 l p luc nn thng dng cp th n -1, tnh bng kilopascan (kPa)
n l p luc nn thng dng cp th n, tnh bng kilopascan (kPa).
Kt qu tnh ton duoc biu din vi d chnh xc dn 1 x 10
-5
kPa
-1
4.4.8 Trj s modun tng bin dang n-1,n theo kt qu th nghim nn khng n hng duoc tnh
bng kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (22):
chuyn sang trang thi ng sut - bin dang c n hng, phi xt ti h s (c quan h vi
h s n hng v h s p luc hng . Sau khi hiu chinh cho , cn nhn vi h s mk, tham
kho Phu luc , d c mdun tng bin dang tuong ng vi khi th nghim bng tm nn tai hin
trung.
4.4.9 Khi cn tnh ton d ln ca cng trnh theo thi gian, phi tin hnh x l s liu th
nghim theo phuong php ring.
T cc kt qu do bin dang nn ln ca mu dt dui mi cp p luc cc thi gian khc
nhau, v dung c kt trong toa d bin dang nn (h, mm) v cn s bc hai ca thi gian ( t
, min) theo phuong php D.Taylor (Hnh 1). Ko di doan thng ln pha trn, cho ct truc tung
tai dim dim ny duoc xem l dim gc ca giai doan c kt thm, ng vi mc d c kt
0 theo l thuyt. T dim v dung th hai c honh d moi dim du bng 1,15 honh d
ca cc dim tuong ng trn dung thng th nht. im B, giao dim gia dung thng th
hai v dung cong, l dim ng vi mc d c kt thm 90 (Hnh 1). im kt thc ca c
kt thm ( 100 ) duoc xc djnh theo phuong php . Casagrande: lp biu d lin h h -
lgt (Hnh 2). Giao dim ca phn dui dung c kt thm (duoc coi l thng) vi doan thng
ng vi c kt th cp (ro ca ct dt) s ng vi thi dim t100. Sau khi xc djnh duoc t0 v t100,
c th suy ra cc thi dim ng vi mc d c kt bt k, chng han t50, t80,... di chiu vi t90 d
xc djnh duoc theo phuong php D.Taylor. H s c kt (Cv) duoc tnh bng mt vung trn
giy (m
2
/s), theo cng thc (23):
trong d:
0,848 l yu t thi gian (thung vn duoc k hiu l t90) ng vi mc d c kt thm 90
H l chiu cao ca mu, tnh bng xentimt (cm)
t90 l thi gian ng vi 90 c kt thm, xc djnh theo phuong php t (phuong php
D.Taylor), tnh bng pht (min).
H s thm ca dt dui mi cp p luc (Kp) duoc tnh bng mt trn giy (m/s), theo cng thc
(24):
Trong d
n l khi luong ring ca nuc, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm)
Cv l h s c kt, tnh bng mt vung trn giy (m
2
/s)
a l h s nn ln ca dt trong khong p luc th nghim,tnh bng mt trn kilopascan(kPa
-1
)
etb l h s rng trung bnh trong khong p luc th nghim duoc tnh theo cng thc (25):
4.4.10 Km theo cc kt qu xc djnh phi ghi phuong php th nghim v cc tnh cht dc bit
ca dt.
4.4.11 C th tin hnh ghi chp v trnh by kt qu th nghim theo phuong php khc: cn c
vo s liu gc, ln luot lp cc biu d lin h gia phn trm nn ln vi ti trong gia h s
rng (t l khe h) vi logarit ti trong gia luong ln cng dn vi logarit thi gian cho tng gi
trj ti trong. T d xc djnh duoc thi gian bt du c kt thm t0 v bin dang tuong ng d0 thi
gian kt thc c kt thm t100 v bin dang tuong ng d100, thi gian dat mc d c kt 50 , tc
t50, ........
Hnh 1 - ung cong c kt.
Phuong php xc djnh dim c d c kt 90
CH DN:
a) Bt du c kt thm
b) Kt thc c kt thm
Hnh 2 - Xc djnh giai doan c kt thm ca dt bo ha nuc
4.5 Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim phi c cc thng tin sau:
a) M t loai dt th nghim
b) Gi trj d m tu nhin, khi luong th tch, khi luong ring ca dt
c) Mu duoc nn trang thi bo ha hay trang thi tu nhin
d) m truc v sau nn
d) Phuong php nn: nn nhanh hoc nn chm
e) Phuong php xc djnh h s c kt
) Kch thuc mu th nghim
h) Biu d quan h gia h s rng v p luc nn (d ti nu c)
g) Biu d quan h ln theo thi gian ng vi tng cp p luc (nu c)
i) Cc thng s dc trung cho tnh nn ln.
$18 G8C A
(Tham kho)
X5C >n1 3Hun IiJn 72n9 CK@ L;
Kt qu th nghim nn mt truc duoc tng hop theo tng don nguyn dja cht cng trnh d
duoc phn chia. Thnh lp biu d phn tn biu thj quan h h s rng e vi cc cp p luc
khc nhau. Sau d tnh gi trj trung bnh h s rng e cho mi cp p luc nhung vi diu kin bt
buc l s luong cc gi trj h s rng e phi nhu nhau cho tng cp p luc.
Mdun bin dang () cho quan h tuyn tnh duoc tnh bng kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (.
1):
trong d:
e0 l h s rng ca dt
l h s phu thuc vo h s bin dang ngang v duoc ly theo tng loai dt:
ct 0,80 ct pha 0,74 st 0,40 st pha 0,62
a l h s nn ln
mk l h s chuyn di mdun bin dang trong phng theo mdun bin dang xc djnh bng
phuong php nn ti trong tnh.
i vi cng trnh nh v va (cp - V), khi khng c kt qu th nghim nn ti trong tnh th
h s mk duoc ly theo bng dui dy di vi loai dt st c ngun gc bi tch, sun tch c chi
s st s 0,75.
Loai dt Trj s ca cc h s mk khi h s rng e bng
0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05
Ct pha 4.0 4.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 - -
St pha 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0
St - - 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.5
CH THCH: vi nhng gi trj trung gian ca e, cho php xc djnh mk bng ni suy.
$18 G8C M
(tham kho)
MNn9 91i 4= ;On1 ;P5n QJ; RuN ;1O n91iS3 nTn
Tn cng trnh:
S th nghim:
S hiu h khoan (h do):
S hiu mu dt:
su ly mu:
Ghi ch mu dt:
Ngui th nghim:
Phuong php th nghim:
Loai my nn:
S hiu my nn:
Kt cu mu dt: nguyn trang
H s rng tu nhin (ban du) e0 - 0,975
Ngy th nghim:
Ngui kim tra:
$HUN GHI TH) NGHI/0 N*N
Thi gian doc
nn
Bin dang ca mu dt theo thi gian, ng vi cp p luc nn (10
5
xPa)
Thi
dim
S doc Thi
dim
S doc Thi
dim
S doc Thi
dim
S doc Thi
dim
S doc
01 min 47,0 103,0 140,0 170,0
10 min 64,0
30 min
1,0 h
2,0 h 87,0 130,0 161,0 186,0
24,0h 189,0
$HUN T)NH T-'N VWT QUX
$18 G8C C
(tham kho)
T1O n91iS3 CY QJ;
S hiu mu X11
Kt cu mu
S hiu my th nghim
S hiu dao vng 28
Chiu cao ct dt, mm 9,15
Phuong php th nghim
iu kin th nghim
Ngy th nghim
Ngui th nghim
Ngui tnh v
Ngui kim tra
Cng trnh:......................................................................
ja dim:........................................................................
su:.............................................................................
Cc chi tiu Truc khi th nghim Sau khi th
nghim
Tu nhin Sau B/H
Luong
ngm
nuc,
40,8
Dung trong
ut, g/cm
1,72
Dung trong
kh, g/cm
1,22
T trong,
g/cm
2,67
T l khe
h
1,186
p luc nn (10
5
xPa) 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0
S doc ban du mm di 0 0,825 1,340 1,960 2,660
S hiu chinh my mm ac 0,050 0,070 0,095 0,120 0,150
S doc ban du d hiu
chinh
mm dc 0,050 0,845 1,365 1,985 2,690
im khng d hiu
chinh
mm d0 0,460 0,900 1,440 2,050 2,880
S doc cui mm d 0,825 1,840 1,960 2,660 3,605
im 100 c kt mm d100 0,810 1,320 1,940 2,640 3,580
Thi gian ng vi d50 t50 3 3 4 4 3
Chiu cao mu truc
gai ti
mm Hi 20,000 19,225 18,730 18,135 17,460
Thay di chiu cao mm H 0,775 0.495 0,595 0,675 0,915
Chiu cao cui cng mm HP 19,225 18,730 18,135 17,460 16,545
Thay di chiu cao cui
cng
mm Ht
0,775 1,270 1,865 2,540 3,455
H s c kt x 10
-8
m
2
/s Cv 10,11 9,60 6,75 6,25 7,49
Phn trm nn ln e 3,9 6,3 9,3 12,7 1,73
Thay di t l, khe h e 0,085 0,059 0,065 0,074 0,100
T l khe h (H s rng) e 1,186 1,101 1,047 0,982 0,908 0,808
Modun nn khng n
hng
(10
5
xPa) 6.4 4. 15.7 26.8 38.2
Chi s nn Cc 0,179 0,216 0,246 0,332
H s nn ln 10
-5
Pa
-1
av 0,34 0,216 0,130 0,074 0,050
p luc tin c kt (Pa) c
H s thm c kt m/s Kv
Hnh C.1 - Tuong quan gia tnh nn ln v p luc nn
Hnh C.2- Tuong quan gia h s rng v p luc nn
Hnh C.3- Luong ln cng dn
Bng C.1- Cc trj s , d0, d100, d50, t50, d
10
5
Pa 0.25 0.50 1.0 2.0 4.0
d0 mm 0,460 0,900 1,440 2,050 2,880
d100 mm 0,810 1,320 1,940 2,640 3,580
d50 mm
t50 min 3 3 4 4 3
d mm
0ZC LZC
Li ni du
1 Pham vi p dung
2 Thut ng v djnh ngha
3 Quy djnh chung
4 Phuong php th
Phu luc (tham kho) Xc djnh m dun bin dang ca dt
Phu luc B (Tham kho) Bng ghi v tnh ton kt qu th nghim nn
Phu luc C (Tham kho) Th nghim c kt