Mc lc

Trang

Phn 1 : h thng thy lc ........................................ 6

Chng 1 : c s l thuyt...................................................................... 6
1.1. Lch s pht trin v kh nng ng dng ca HTT thy lc................ 6
1.2. Nhng u im v nhc im ca h thng iu khin bng thy lc . 6
1.1.1. u im.................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2. Nhc im .............................................................................................. 6
1.3. nh lut ca cht lng................................................................................ 6
1.2.1. p sut thy tnh ...................................................................................... 7
1.2.2. Phng trnh dng chy............................................................................ 7
1.2.3. Phng trnh Bernulli ............................................................................... 7
1.4. n v o cc i lng c bn ................................................................... 8
1.3.1. p sut (p)................................................................................................ 8
1.3.2. Vn tc (v)................................................................................................ 8
1.3.3. Th tch v lu lng................................................................................ 8
1.3.4. Lc (F)...................................................................................................... 9
1.3.5. Cng sut (N) ........................................................................................... 9
1.5. Cc dng nng lng ................................................................................... 9
1.5.1. S thy lc to chuyn ng tnh tin ................................................. 9
1.5.2. S thy lc to chuyn ng quay..................................................... 10
1.6. Tn tht trong h thng truyn ng bng thy lc .............................. 11
1.7. nht v yu cu i vi du thy lc .................................................. 15
Chng 2 : c cu bin i nng lng v h thng
x l du.................................................... 17
2.1. Bm du v ng c du ........................................................................... 17
2.1.1. Nguyn l chuyn i nng lng ......................................................... 17
2.1.2. Cc i lng c trng.......................................................................... 17
2.1.3. Cng thc tnh ton bm v ng c du............................................... 19
2.1.4. Cc loi bm........................................................................................... 20
2.1.5. Bm bnh rng ....................................................................................... 20
2.1.6. Bm trc vt ............................................................................................ 22
2.1.7. Bm cnh gt.......................................................................................... 23
2.1.8. Bm pittng ............................................................................................ 24
2.1.9. Tiu chun chn bm ............................................................................. 27

2.2. Xilanh truyn ng (c cu chp hnh) .................................................. 27

2.2.1. Nhim v ................................................................................................ 27
2.2.2. Phn loi ................................................................................................. 27
2.2.3. Cu to xilanh......................................................................................... 29
2.2.4. Mt s xilanh thng dng ...................................................................... 30
2.2.5. Tnh ton xilanh truyn lc .................................................................... 30
2.3. B du ......................................................................................................... 32
2.3.1. Nhim v ................................................................................................ 32
2.3.2. Chn kch thc b du.......................................................................... 32
2.3.3. Kt cu ca b du ................................................................................. 32
2.4. B lc du ................................................................................................... 33
2.4.1. Nhim v ................................................................................................ 33
2.4.2. Phn loi theo kch thc lc ................................................................. 33
2.4.3. Phn loi theo kt cu............................................................................. 34
2.4.4. Cch lp b lc trong h thng............................................................... 35
2.5. o p sut v lu lng ............................................................................. 36
2.5.1. o p sut............................................................................................... 36
2.5.2. o lu lng........................................................................................... 36
2.6. Bnh trch cha........................................................................................... 37
2.6.1. Nhim v ................................................................................................ 37
2.6.2. Phn loi ................................................................................................. 37
Chng 3 : cc phn t ca h thng iu khin
bng thy lc ........................................ 41
3.1. Khi nim.................................................................................................... 41
3.1.1. H thng iu khin ............................................................................... 41
3.1.2. S cu trc h thng iu khin bng thy lc ................................. 41
3.2. Van p sut ................................................................................................. 42
3.2.1. Nhim v ............................................................................................... 42
3.2.2. Phn loi ................................................................................................. 42
3.2.2.1. Van trn v van an ton .................................................................... 42
3.2.2.2. Van gim p...................................................................................... 44
3.2.2.3. Van cn............................................................................................. 46
3.2.2.4. Rle p sut ...................................................................................... 46
3.3. Van o chiu ............................................................................................. 46
3.3.1. Nhim v ................................................................................................ 46
3.3.2. Cc khi nim......................................................................................... 46
3.3.3. Nguyn l lm vic................................................................................. 47
3.3.4. Cc loi tn hiu tc ng....................................................................... 48

3.3.5. Cc loi mp iu khin ca van o chiu ........................................... 49

3.4. Cc loi van in thy lc ng dng trong mch iu khin t ng .. 49
3.4.1. Phn loi ................................................................................................. 49
3.4.2. Cng dng .............................................................................................. 50
3.4.3. Van solenoid........................................................................................... 50
3.4.4. Van t l ................................................................................................. 51
3.4.3. Van servo................................................................................................ 52
3.5. C cu chnh lu lng .............................................................................. 58
3.5.1. Van tit lu ............................................................................................ 58
3.5.2. B n tc................................................................................................. 60
3.6. Van chn ..................................................................................................... 62
3.6.1. Van mt chiu ........................................................................................ 62
3.6.2. Van mt chiu iu khin c hng chn .......................................... 64
3.6.3. Van tc ng kha ln............................................................................ 64
3.7. ng dn, ng ni ........................................................................................ 65
3.7.1. ng dn .................................................................................................. 65
3.7.2. Cc loi ng ni...................................................................................... 66
3.7.3. Vng chn .............................................................................................. 66
Chng 4 : iu chnh v n nh vn tc....................................... 68
4.1. iu chnh bng tit lu ............................................................................ 68
4.1.1. iu chnh bng tit lu ng vo .................................................... 68
4.1.2. iu chnh bng tit lu ng ra ....................................................... 69
4.2. iu chnh bng th tch............................................................................ 70
4.3. n nh vn tc .......................................................................................... 71
4.3.1. B n tc lp trn ng vo ca c cu chp hnh............................... 72
4.3.2. B n tc lp trn ng ra ca c cu chp hnh ................................. 73
4.3.3. n nh tc khi iu chnh bng th tch kt hp vi tit lu ........... 73
Chng 5 : ng dng v thit k h thng
truyn ng thy lc ......................... 76
5.1. ng dng truyn ng thy lc ................................................................ 76
5.2. Thit k h thng truyn ng thy lc................................................... 81

Phn 2 : h thng kh nn .......................................... 92

Chng 6 : c s l thuyt.......................................................................... 92

6.1. Lch l pht trin v kh nng ng dng ca HTT kh nn ............... 92

6.1.1. Lch s pht trin.................................................................................... 92
6.1.2. Kh nng ng dng ca kh nn............................................................. 92
6.2. Nhng u im v nhc im ca HTT bng kh nn....................... 93
6.2.1. u im.................................................................................................. 93
6.2.2. Nhc im ............................................................................................ 93
6.3. Nguyn l truyn ng............................................................................... 93
6.4. S nguyn l truyn ng..................................................................... 94
6.5. n v o cc i lng c bn ................................................................. 94
Chng 7 : cc phn t kh nn v in kh nn ......................... 96
7.1. C cu chp hnh....................................................................................... 96
7.2. Van o chiu ............................................................................................. 97
7.2.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca van o chiu................................................. 97
7.2.2. K hiu van o chiu ............................................................................ 97
7.2.3. Cc tn hiu tc ng.............................................................................. 98
7.2.4. Van o chiu c v tr 0................................................................... 100
7.2.5. Van o chiu khng c v tr 0........................................................ 102
7.3. Van chn ................................................................................................... 103
7.3.1. Van mt chiu ...................................................................................... 104
7.3.2. Van logic .............................................................................................. 104
7.3.3. Van OR................................................................................................. 104
7.3.4. Van AND.............................................................................................. 104
7.3.5. Van x kh nhanh ................................................................................. 104
7.4. Van tit lu ............................................................................................... 104
7.4.1. Van tit lu c tit din khng thay i ............................................... 104
7.4.2. Van tit lu c tit din thay i .......................................................... 105
7.4.3. Van tit lu mt chiu .......................................................................... 105
7.5. Van iu chnh thi gian.......................................................................... 105
7.5.1. Rle thi gian ng chm .................................................................... 105
7.5.2. Rle thi gian ngt chm...................................................................... 105
7.6. Van chn khng........................................................................................ 105
7.7. Cm bin bng tia .................................................................................... 106
7.7.1. Cm bin bng tia r nhnh.................................................................. 106
7.7.2. Cm bin bng tia phn hi.................................................................. 106
7.7.3. Cm bin bng tia qua khe h .............................................................. 107
Chng 8 : h thng iu khin kh nn v in kh nn .. 108

8.1. H thng iu khin kh nn ................................................................... 108

8.1.1. Biu trng thi ................................................................................. 108
8.1.2. Cc phng php iu khin ................................................................ 108
a. iu khin bng tay................................................................................. 108
b. iu khin theo thi gian ........................................................................ 110
c. iu khin theo hnh trnh ...................................................................... 112
d. iu khin theo tng................................................................................ 113
e. iu khin theo nhp................................................................................ 115
8.2. H thng iu khin in kh nn........................................................... 117
8.2.1. Cc phn t in ................................................................................... 117
8.2.2. Mch iu khin kh nn ...................................................................... 118
a. Mch iu khin c tip im t duy tr.................................................. 118
b. Mch iu khin c rle thi gian tc ng chm................................... 119
c. Mch iu khin theo nhp c hai xilanh kh nn.................................... 120
Ti liu tham kho ........................................................................................ 121

Phn 1: h thng thy lc

Chng 1: c s l thuyt
1.1. lch s pht trin v kh nng ng dng ca h thng
truyn ng thy lc
+/ 1920 ng dng trong lnh vc my cng c.
+/ 1925 ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc cng nghip khc nh: nng nghip, my khai
thc m, my ha cht, giao thng vn ti, hng khng, ...
+/ 1960 n nay ng dng trong t ng ha thit b v dy chuyn thit b vi trnh
cao, c kh nng iu khin bng my tnh h thng truyn ng thy lc vi cng
sut ln.
1.2. nhng u im v nhc im ca h thng truyn ng
bng thy lc
1.1.1. u im
+/ Truyn ng c cng sut cao v lc ln, (nh cc c cu tng i n gin,
hot ng vi tin cy cao nhng i hi t v chm sc, bo dng).
+/ iu chnh c vn tc lm vic tinh v v cp, (d thc hin t ng ho theo
iu kin lm vic hay theo chng trnh c sn).
+/ Kt cu gn nh, v tr ca cc phn t dn v b dn khng l thuc nhau.
+/ C kh nng gim khi lng v kch thc nh chn p sut thy lc cao.
+/ Nh qun tnh nh ca bm v ng c thy lc, nh tnh chu nn ca du nn
c th s dng vn tc cao m khng s b va p mnh (nh trong c kh v in).
+/ D bin i chuyn ng quay ca ng c thnh chuyn ng tnh tin ca c
cu chp hnh.
+/ D phng qu ti nh van an ton.
+/ D theo di v quan st bng p k, k c cc h phc tp, nhiu mch.
+/ T ng ho n gin, k c cc thit b phc tp, bng cch dng cc phn t
tiu chun ho.
1.1.2. Nhc im
+/ Mt mt trong ng ng dn v r r bn trong cc phn t, lm gim hiu sut
v hn ch phm vi s dng.
+/ Kh gi c vn tc khng i khi ph ti thay i do tnh nn c ca cht
lng v tnh n hi ca ng ng dn.
+/ Khi mi khi ng, nhit ca h thng cha n nh, vn tc lm vic thay
i do nht ca cht lng thay i.
1.3. nh lut ca cht lng

1.2.1. p sut thy tnh

Trong cht lng, p sut (do trng lng v ngoi lc) tc dng ln mi phn t
cht lng khng ph thuc vo hnh dng thng cha.
pL

F A

F1

A1
l1

pF

pF

ps

l2
F2

A2

Hnh 1.1. p sut thy tnh

Ta c:
Hnh a: pS = h.g. + pL
Hnh b: pF =
Hnh c:

(1.1)

F
A

(1.2)

F1
F
l
A
F
= pF = 2 v 2 = 2 = 1
A1
A2
l1 A1 F2

(1.3)

Trong :
- khi lng ring ca cht lng;
h- chiu cao ca ct nc;
g- gia tc trng trng;
pS- p sut do lc trng trng;
pL- p sut kh quyn;
pF- p sut ca ti trng ngoi;
A, A1, A2- din tch b mt tip xc;
F- ti trng ngoi.
1.2.2. Phng trnh dng chy lin tc
Lu lng (Q) chy trong ng ng t v tr (1) n v tr (2) l khng i (const).
Lu lng Q ca cht lng qua mt ct A ca ng bng nhau trong ton ng (iu kin
A2
lin tc).
Ta c phng trnh dng chy nh sau:
Q = A.v = hng s (const)
(1.4)
Vi v l vn tc chy trung bnh qua mt ct A.
A1
Nu tit din chy l hnh trn, ta c:
v1
v2
(1.5)
Q1 = Q2 hay v1.A1 = v2.A2
d 12 .
d2
= v2. 2
4
4
Vn tc chy ti v tr 2:

v1.

d2
v 2 = v 1 . 12
d2

(1.6)

1
2
Hnh 1.2. Dng chy lin tc

Trong :
Q1[m3/s], v1[m/s], A1[m2], d1[m] ln lt l lu lng dng chy, vn tc
dng chy, tit din dng chy v ng knh ng ti v tr 1;
Q2[m3/s], v2[m/s], A2[m2], d2[m] ln lt l lu lng dng chy, vn tc
dng chy, tit din dng chy v ng knh ng ti v tr 2.
1.2.3. Phng trnh Bernulli
Theo hnh 1.3 ta c p sut ti mt im cht lng ang chy:
.v 12
.v 22
p 1 + .g.h 1 +
= p 2 + .g.h 2 +
= const
2
2
Trong :
p1
p 1 + .g.h1
p sut thy tnh;
p 2 + .g.h 2

v1
p2

h1

.v .v
,
: p sut thy ng;
2
2
= .g : trng lng ring.
2
1

(1.7)

2
2

h2

v2

Hnh 1.3. Phng trnh Bernulli

1.4. n v o cc i lng c bn (H mt)

1.3.1. p sut (p)
Theo n v o lng SI l Pascal (pa)
1pa = 1N/m2 = 1m-1kgs-2 = 1kg/ms2
n v ny kh nh, nn ngi ta thng dng n v: N/mm2, N/cm2 v so vi
n v p sut c l kg/cm2 th n c mi lin h nh sau:
1kg/cm2 0.1N/mm2 = 10N/cm2 = 105N/m2
(Tr s chnh xc: 1kg/cm2 = 9,8N/cm2; nhng dng tnh ton, ta ly 1kg/cm2 =
10N/cm2).
Ngoi ra ta cn dng:
1bar = 105N/m2 = 1kg/cm2
1at = 9,81.104N/m2 105N/m2 = 1bar.
(Theo DIN- tiu chun Cng ha Lin bang c th 1kp/cm2 = 0,980665bar
0,981bar; 1bar 1,02kp/cm2. n v kG/cm2 tng ng kp/cm2).
1.3.2. Vn tc (v)
n v vn tc l m/s (cm/s).
1.3.2. Th tch v lu lng
a. Th tch (V): m3 hoc lt(l)
b. Lu lng (Q): m3/pht hoc l/pht.
Trong c cu bin i nng lng du p (bm du, ng c du) cng c th dng
n v l m3/vng hoc l/vng.

1.3.4. Lc (F)
n v lc l Newton (N)
1N = 1kg.m/s2.
1.3.5. Cng sut (N)
n v cng sut l Watt (W)
1W = 1Nm/s = 1m2.kg/s3.
1.5. Cc dng nng lng
+/ Mang nng lng: du.
+/ Truyn nng lng: ng dn, u ni.
+/ To ra nng lng hoc chuyn i thnh nng lng khc: bm, ng c
du(m t thy lc), xilanh truyn lc.
1.5.1. S thy lc to chuyn ng tnh tin
A1 Fs A2
5

x1, v1
ti

p1 Q1

Q2

p2

Ft
Fc

pT
p0

Qb
1
Hnh 1.4. S mch thy lc chuyn ng tnh tin

Tnh ton:
+/ Thng s ca c cu chp hnh: Ft v v(v1, v2)
Chuyn ng tnh tin (hnh trnh lm vic)
A1

A2

x1, v1

D
Q1, p1

Ft

Q2, p20

+/ Cc phng trnh:
Lu lng: Q1 = A1.v1
Q2 = A2.v1
Lc:
Ft = p1.A1

(1.8)
(1.9)

Ft .v 1

[kW]
60.103
p .Q
Cng sut thy lc:
N = 1 13 [kW]
60.10
Nu b qua tn tht t bm n c cu chp hnh th N Nbm
Nu tnh n tn tht th
N
N = Nc in =
( = 0,6 0,8)

Cng sut ca c cu chp hnh: N =

(1.10)
(1.11)

(1.12)

Chuyn ng li v (hnh trnh chy khng)

A1

A2

x2, v2

Fc

Q '2 , p '2 0 Q1, p2

Nu ti Ft = 0 p2 ch thng ma st p2.A2 Fc
Lu lng: Q1 = A2.v2

(1.13)

Q '2 = A1.v 2 Q2

Do A1 > A2 v2 > v1
1.5.2. S thy lc to chuyn ng quay
Mx

ti
J

n, Dm
p

pT
p
Qb

Hnh 1.5. S mch thy lc chuyn ng quay

10

M x .
(Mx = p.Dm)
102
M x .2 .n M x .n
[ kW]
N=
=
975
102.60

Cng sut ca c cu chp hnh: N =

hoc
Cng sut thy lc: N =

p1.Q
[ kW]
60.103

(Q = Dm.)

(1.14)

(1.15)

1.6. Tn tht trong h thng truyn ng bng thy lc

Trong h thng thy lc c cc loi tn tht sau:
1.6.1. Tn tht th tch
Loi tn tht ny do du thy lc chy qua cc khe h trong cc phn t ca h
thng gy nn.
Nu p sut cng ln, vn tc cng nh v nht cng nh th tn tht th tch
cng ln.
Tn tht th tch ng k nht l cc c cu bin i nng lng (bm du, ng
c du, xilanh truyn lc)
i vi bm du: tn tht th tch c th hin bng hiu sut sau:
(1.16)
tb = Q/Q0
Q- Lu lng thc t ca bm du;
Q0- Lu lng danh ngha ca bm.
Nu lu lng chy qua ng c du l Q0 v lu lng thc t Q = q. th hiu
sut ca ng c du l:
t = Q0/Q
(1.17)
Nu nh khng k n lng du d cc mi ni, cc van th tn tht trong h
thng du p c bm du v ng c du l:
(1.18)
t = tb. t
1.6.2. Tn tht c kh
Tn tht c kh l do ma st gia cc chi tit c chuyn ng tng i trong
bm du v ng c du gy nn.
Tn tht c kh ca bm c biu th bng hiu sut c kh:
cb = N0/N
(1.19)
N0- Cng sut cn thit quay bm (cng sut danh ngha), tc l cng sut cn
thit m bo lu lng Q v p sut p ca du, do :
p.Q
(kW)
(1.20)
N0 =
6.10 4
N- Cng sut thc t o c trn trc ca bm (do mmen xon trn trc).
i vi du: N0 = (p.Q)/6.104
(1.21)
Do :
c = N/N0
(1.22)

11

T , tn tht c kh ca h thng thy lc l:

c = cb. c

(1.23)

1.6.3. Tn tht p sut

Tn tht p sut l s gim p sut do lc cn trn ng chuyn ng ca du t
bm n c cu chp hnh (ng c u, xilanh truyn lc).
Tn tht ny ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
+/ Chiu di ng dn
+/ nhn thnh ng
+/ ln tit din ng dn
+/ Tc chy
+/ S thay i tit din
+/ S thay i hng chuyn ng
+/ Trng lng ring, nht.
Nu p0 l p sut ca h thng, p1 l p sut ra, th tn tht c biu th bng hiu
sut:
p p 1 p
a = 0
(1.24)
=
p0
p0

Hiu p p l tr s tn tht p sut.

Tn tht p sut do lc cn cc b gy nn c tnh theo cng thc sau:

lN
l

p = 10.. .v 2 . 2 = 10 4.. .v 2 . [bar ]

2g
d m
2g
d
Trong :
- khi lng ring ca du (914kg/m3);
g- gia tc trng trng (9,81m/s2);
v- vn tc trung bnh ca du (m/s);
- h s tn tht cc b;
l- chiu di ng dn;
d- ng knh ng.

(1.25)

1.6.4. nh hng cc thng s hnh hc n tn tht p sut

a. Tit din dng trn
Nu ta gi:
l
p- Tn tht p sut;
l- Chiu di ng dn;
- Khi lng ring ca cht lng;
Q
Q- Lu lng;
D- ng knh;
- nht ng hc;
Hnh 1.6. Dng tit din trn
- H s ma st ca ng;

12

LAM- H s ma st i vi chy tng;

TURB- H s ma st i vi chy ri.

Chy tng

8
l..Q 2
Tn tht: p = 2 ..
D5

256 D.
= LAM .
Q

0,316
4 Q
4
.
D.
4 Q
S Reynold: .
> 3000.
D.
b. Tit din thay i ln t ngt

Chy ri

= TURB.

Chy ri
Chy tng
Hnh 1.7. Chy tng v chy ri
trong ng dn

D 2 8 .Q 2
Tn tht: p = 1 12 . 2 . 4
D 2 D1
Trong :
D1- ng knh ng dn vo;
D2- ng knh ng dn ra.
c. Tit din nh t ngt

D1

D2

Hnh 1.8. Tit din thay i ln t ngt

D 22 8 .Q 2
Tn tht: p = 0,5.1 2 . 2 . 4
D1 D1
D1- ng knh ng dn ra;
D2- ng knh ng dn vo.

D1

D2

Hnh 1.9. Tit din nh t ngt

d. Tit din thay i ln t t

D 4 8 .Q 2
Tn tht: p = [0,12 0,2]1 14 . 2 . 4
D 2 D1

D1

< 80

D2

Hnh 1.10. Tit din thay i ln t t

d. Tit din nh t t
Tn tht: p = 0

< 80

Hnh 1.11. Tit din nh t t

13

f. Vo ng dn
Tn tht p sut c tnh theo cng thc sau:
8 .Q 2
.
2 D 4
Trong h s tht thot E c chia thnh hai trng hp nh bng sau:

p = E .

a
b

Cnh

H s tht thot E

Sc
Gy khc
Trn
C trc

0,5
0,25
0,06
<3

b
Hnh 1.12. Du vo ng dn

g. Ra ng dn
Tn tht p sut c tnh theo cng thc sau:
8 .Q 2
p = U . 2 . 4
D
H s tht thot U

4 Q
.
< 3000
D.
4 Q
.
> 3000
D.

2
Hnh 1.13. Du ra ng dn

h. ng dn gy khc

R
4
D

8 .Q 2
p = U . 2 . 4
D
Gc ,
H s tht thot U

= 20
= 40
= 60

0,06
0,2
0,47

R
Hnh 1.14. ng dn gy khc

14

 = 20
= 40
= 60
= 80
= 90

0,04
0,07
0,1
0,11
0,11

i. Tn tht p sut van

k. Tn tht trong h thng thy lc
1.7. nht v yu cu i vi du thy lc
1.7.1. nht
nht l mt trong nhng tnh cht quan trng nht ca cht lng. nht xc
nh ma st trong bn thn cht lng v th hin kh nng chng bin dng trt hoc
bin dng ct ca cht lng. C hai loi nht:
a. nht ng lc
nht ng lc l lc ma st tnh bng 1N tc ng trn mt n v din tch
b mt 1m2 ca hai lp phng song song vi dng chy ca cht lng, cch nhau 1m v
c vn tc 1m/s.
nht ng lc c tnh bng [Pa.s]. Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn dng n v
poaz (Poiseuille), vit tt l P.
1P = 0,1N.s/m2 = 0,010193kG.s/m2
1P = 100cP (centipoiseuilles)
Trong tnh ton k thut thng s quy trn:
1P = 0,0102kG.s/m2
b. nht ng
nht ng l t s gia h s nht ng lc vi khi lng ring ca cht
lng:

=
(1.26)

n v nht ng l [m2/s]. Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn dng n v stc ( Stoke),

vit tt l St hoc centistokes, vit tt l cSt.
1St = 1cm2/s = 10-4m2/s
1cSt = 10-2St = 1mm2/s.
c. nht Engler (E0)
nht Engler (E0) l mt t s quy c dng so snh thi gian chy 200cm3
du qua ng dn c ng knh 2,8mm vi thi gian chy ca 200cm3 nc ct nhit
200C qua ng dn c cng ng knh, k hiu: E0 = t/tn
nht Engler thng c o khi u nhit 20, 50, 1000C v k hiu tng
ng vi n: E020, E050, E0100.

15

1.7.2. Yu cu i vi du thy lc
Nhng ch tiu c bn nh gi cht lng cht lng lm vic l nht, kh
nng chu nhit, n nh tnh cht ho hc v tnh cht vt l, tnh chng r, tnh n
mn cc chi tit cao su, kh nng bi trn, tnh si bt, nhit bt la, nhit ng
c.
Cht lng lm vic phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
+/ C kh nng bi trn tt trong khong thay i ln nhit v p sut;
+/ nht t ph thuc vo nhit ;
+/ C tnh trung ho (tnh tr) vi cc b mt kim loi, hn ch c kh nng xm
nhp ca kh, nhng d dng tch kh ra;
+/ Phi c nht thch ng vi iu kin chn kht v khe h ca cc chi tit di
trt, nhm m bo r du b nht, cng nh tn tht ma st t nht;
+/ Du phi t si bt, t bc hi khi lm vic, t ho tan trong nc v khng kh,
dn nhit tt, c mun n hi, h s n nhit v khi lng ring nh.
Trong nhng yu cu trn, du khong cht tho mn c y nht.

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