Hng dn v Matlab/Simulink

1. Gii thiu

MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) l mt phn mm khoa hc c thit k cung cp
vic tnh ton s v hin th ha bng ngn ng lp trnh cp cao. MATLAB cung cp
cc tnh nng tng tc tuyt vi cho php ngi s dng thao tc d liu linh hot di
dng mng ma trn tnh ton v quan st. Cc d liu vo ca MATLAB c th c
nhp t "Command line" hoc t "mfiles", trong tp lnh c cho trc bi
MATLAB.
MATLAB cung cp cho ngi dng cc toolbox tiu chun ty chn. Ngi dng cng
c th to ra cc hp cng c ring ca mnh gm cc "mfiles" c vit cho cc ng
dng c th.
Chng ta c th s dng cc tp tin tr gip ca MATLAB cho cc chc nng v cc
lnh lin quan vi cc toolbox c sn (dng lnh help).

V d: Command Window: >> help plot

Mn hnh tiu chun sau khi khi ng Matlab:




s dng Simulink:


2. S dng Matlab

a/ nh ngha bin:
Chng ta cn hiu c cch Matlab thao tc vi cc ma trn. V d mt mng cc gi tr
A = 1, 0, 9, 11, 5 cng l ma trn 1x5, B = 9 l ma trn 1x1. lu bin A, ti ca s
lnh, g vo lnh:

Matlab s hin th kt qu:

khng hin th kt qu trn mn hnh, chng ta dng du ; ti cui cu lnh.
xc nh kch thc mt ma trn hay mng, dng lnh size


Trong Matlab, cc hng ca ma trn c cch bi ; v cc ct c ngt bi ,. V d
ma trn B c cc thnh phn nh sau:
Dng 1: 1, 0, 9, 4, 3
Dng 2: 0, 8, 4, 2, 7
Dng 3: 14, 90, 0, 43, 25
(c th dng khong trng thay cho , ngt ct)

Chng ta c th cng, tr, nhn, chia cc ma trn bng cc ton t n gin +, -, *, / trong
Matlab. Ta cng c th to ra bin mi t cc ma trn c sn, v d nh:
(du : i din cho tt c cc ct trong hng 2)

Hoc c th t hp mt ma trn mi t cc ma trn c sn

Hoc c th xa cc hng hay ct ca mt ma trn


Mt khi cc bin c nhp, chng s c hin th trong vng lm vic. Chng ta c th
double click vo tn bin trong vng lm vic m ra ca s Variable Editor, y
chng ta c th sa cha cc gi tr nh trong Excel.

b/ Lm vic vi mng
Nhp vo Matlab 2 ma trn A, B
>> A = [1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 0
>> B = [2 4 6;0 3 7;9 8 1]
B =
2 4 6
0 3 7
9 8 1
Ton t M t V d
+ Php cng >> C=A+B
C =
3 6 9
4 8 13
16 16 1
- Php tr >> C=A-B
C =
-1 -2 -3
4 2 -1
-2 0 -1
* Php nhn >> C=A*B
C =
29 34 23
62 79 65
14 52 98
.* Php nhn phn t vi phn
t
>> C=A.*B
C =
2 8 18
0 15 42
63 64 0
/ Php chia theo chiu phi >> C=A/B
C =
0.5000 0.0000 0.0000
3.6875 -2.2500 -0.3750
-8.3125 6.7500 2.6250
\ Php chia theo chiu tri >> C=A\B
C =
-4.5556 -5.3333 -4.5556
5.1111 5.6667 4.1111
-1.2222 -0.6667 0.7778
./ Php chia phn t (phi) >> C=A./B
C =
0.5000 0.5000 0.5000
Inf 1.6667 0.8571
0.7778 1.0000 0
.\ Php chia phn t (tri) >> C=A.\B
C =
2.0000 2.0000 2.0000
0 0.6000 1.1667
1.2857 1.0000 Inf
.^ Element-by-element power
Ly s m phn t - phn t
>> C=A.^B
C =
1 16 729
1 125 279936
40353607 16777216 0

c/ M-file
Ngoi phng php g lnh trc tip ca s lnh, chng ta cn c th to mt script m-
file gm tp hp cc lnh g ca s lnh. Khi chy mfile, cc lnh ny s c thc
hin tng t nh ca s lnh.

Menu File New Script


3. Simulink

Simulink l mt cng c trong Matlab dng m hnh, m phng v phn tch cc h
thng ng vi mi trng giao din s dng bng ha. Vic xy dng m hnh c
n gin ha bng cc hot ng nhp chut v ko th. Simulink bao gm mt b th
vin khi vi cc hp cng c ton din cho c vic phn tch tuyn tnh v phi tuyn.
Simulink l mt phn quan trng ca Matlab v c th d dng chuyn i qua li trong
qu trnh phn tch, v v vy ngi dng c th tn dng c u th ca c hai mi
trng.

Hng dn s dng Simulink:

C th m Simulink bng 2 cch:
- Click vo biu tng nh hnh di (Simulink icon)



- T ca s lnh, nh lnh simulink v enter

Ca s th vin Simulink s hin th:






















Th vin
Khung tm
kim
Cc khi chc nng
To mt m hnh mi bng cch:
- Click vo icon New model hoc g Ctrl-N



- Menu File New Model

Ca s xy dng m hnh xut hin:



To cc khi: t th vin Simulink chn khi cn dng, nhp chut vo v ko ra ra ca
s m hnh




Lu tr m hnh bng lnh Save (File Save) hoc nhp vo icon Save
Vng lm vic, xy dng
m hnh



Dch chuyn cc khi n gin bng cch nhp vo khi v ko th



Ni tn hiu: a con chut ti ng ra ca khi (du >), khi con chut s c dng
+. Ko r chut ti ng vo ca mt khi khc v th ra kt ni tn hiu.



M phng m hnh: Dng lnh Start (Menu Simulation Start) hoc nhp chut vo
icon Start



Xem tn hiu t Scope: nhp i vo khi Scope



Chnh thng s ca mt khi bng cch nhp i vo khi cn chnh

Trc khi m phng m hnh Simulink, chng ta cn t cc thng s m phng bng
cch chn menu Simulation Configuration Parameters



ca s Configuration Parameters, chng ta c th t mt s thng s nh Start
time, Stop time (second giy), v phng php gii Solver, Solver options,.. sau
nhn nt OK




Tham kho
1. Ti liu hng dn ca phn mm Matlab
2. http://edu.levitas.net/Tutorials/Matlab/

Ti liu t c:
Introduction to Simulink with Engineering Applications

Link download: http://www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~nntu/