3

45

46

3
f (z)
C0
C0

f (z) = f (z0 ) +

z0

r0
f

f  (z0 )
f  (z0 )
(z z0 ) +
(z z0 )2 + . . .
1!
2!
f (z)
(z z0 )

z = z0

f (z) =

3z
9

z2

(z 3)

0 < |z 3| < 6
6
z=3

z=3

z0 = +3
(z 3)

f (z)

1
3z
3z
=
;
z 3 z + 3
 9
3z
z+3
3
;
= 3

z+3
z+3 z+3
f (z) =

z2

g(z) = 1/(z + 3)
g
1
1
(1)(2)
; g  (z) =
; g  (z) =
;
2
z+3
(z + 3)
(z + 3)3
(1)(2)(3)
;...
g  (z) =
(z + 3)4
g(z) =

47

1
z+3
1 (1!)
1 +2!
1
+
(z 3) +
(z 3)2 +
=
2
6 1! 6
2! 63
1 (3!)
+
(z 3)3 + . . .
3! 64

g(z) =

f (z)


1
3
f (z) =
3 1
z3
z+3


1 (z 3) (z 3)2 (z 3)3
9
3
+

+ ...

=
z+3 z+3 6
62
63
64
1 (z 3) (z 3)2
1
+
+
...
=
2(z 3) 4
24
144
f (z)
z

C1

C1

C2



A0 + A1 (z z0 ) + A2 (z z0 )2 + . . . +


A1
A2
+
+
+ ...
z z0 (z z0 )2
+

An (z z0 )n ,
=

f (z) =

n=

An
An

r1 < |z z0 | < r2
A

f (z)
1
=
, (n = 0, 1, 2, ...) ;
2i C1 (z z0 )n+1

f (z)
1
=
, (n = 1, 2, ...) .
2i C2 (z z0 )n+1
An

48

An

C2

3
C1

C2

z0

z=0
z
z2 z3
+
+
+ ... ;
1! 2!
3!
z2 z4
+
... ;
cos z = 1
2!
4!
z3 z5
+
... ;
sen z = z
3!
5!
1
= 1 + z + z2 + z3 + . . . .
1z
ez = 1 +

f (z) =
f
z0 = 3

A1 = 1

1
;
z+3
An



2
ez
1
z 2 (z 2 )2
g(z) =
= 3 1+
+
+ ...
z3
z
1!
2!
1 z z3
1
+ ...
= 3 +
z
z 2
6

49

A3 = 1 A1 =

g(z)
1 A1 = 1/2 A3 = 1/6
z0 = 0

A2j

f (z)

z0
f

z0
z0
z0 = 0

f (z) = 1/z
g(z) =

z = 3i

1 + 2z
,
z(z 2 + 9)
z = 0 z = +3i

h(z) = sec (/z)

/z
3 5

= , , ,...
z
2
2
2
2 2
z = 2, , , . . .
3 5
h(z)

z=0
z=0
N

2/(2N + 1)

z0
A1
f (z)

1/(z z0 )
z0
Res [f (z)]z=z0 = A1

50

f (z)
z0

f (z)

1
=
2i

f (z) dz .

3z
dz
9

z2

|z 2| < 2

z=2

2
z0 = 3

z0 = 3
1
1 (z 3) (z 3)2
3z
=
+

+
...
z2 9
2(z 3) 4
24
144
1/(z 3)
A1

1/2

1
3z
1
dz ,
= =
2
2
2i C z 9

3z
dz = i .
2
C z 9

z=3

z0 = 3

f (z)
C

C
z1 z2

z0
An2 = . . . = 0

f (z) dz = 2i

n


zn

Res [f (z)]zk .

k=1

f (z)
f (z)

An1 =
z0


A1
A2
An
f (z) =
+
+
.
.
.
+
+
An (z z0 )n .
z z0 (z z0 )2
(z z0 )n n=0
+

51

C
z1 z2

f (z)

zn
z0

f
(z z0 )
f (z)

z0

z2 + 2
f (z) =
z1
1

z0 = 1

z2 + 2
z 2 2z + 1 2z + 2 (1)
=
+
+
z1
z1
z1
z1
(1)
= 1 . (z 1) + 2 +
z1
f (z)

(1)
g(z) =
2

52

sen z
z3

z0 = 0


z3 z5
sen z
1
+
...
= 3 z
z3
z
3!
5!
1
1
1
= 2 + z2 + . . .
z
3! 5!
g
z0 = 0

1
e1/z e1/z
=
2
z
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
+
+ ...+
=
1+
+
2
2
1! z 2! z
3! z 3


1 1
1 1
1 1

+ ...
1
+
1! z 2! z 2 3! z 3
1 1
1 1
+
=
+ ...
1! z 3! z 3

h(z) = sh

C
z0

2iA1 =

f (z) dz .

A1

1/(z z0 )

Res [f (z)]z=z0 = lim [(z z0 ) f (z)] .

zz0

Res [f (z)]z=z0

1
lim
=
(n 1)! zz0

dn1
[(z z0 )n f (z)]
n1
dz


.

53

f (z)
f (z) =

(z)
,
(z)

z0
Res [f (z)]z=z0 =

z0

(z0 )
 (z0 )
f (z0 ) = 0

(z0 )

3z
3z
=
9
(z + 3)(z 3)

f (z) =

z2

z0 = 3

Res [f (z)]z=3

 3z 
(z0 )
3
z+3 z=3

= 
= .
=
d(z3)
(z0 )
2
dz

z=3

z = 3

Res [f (z)]z=3 = 

d(z+3)
dz

3
.
2

z=3

3z
dz
z2 9

|z| = 4
C

54

3z
z3 z=3

z = 3

z = +3







3z
3z
3z
+ Res 2
dz = 2i Res 2
z2 9
z 9 z=+3
z 9 z=3


3 3
+
= 6i .
= 2i
2 2

I=
C
z1 = +2i z2 = 2i
z3

z4
dz
(z 2 + 4)(z + 4)

|z| = 3
f (z)
z3 = 4

I = 2i {Res[f (z)]z=+2i + Res[f (z)]z=2i }

z = +2i
z4
16
2 4i
=
=
z+2i (z + 2i)(z + 4)
4i(2i + 4)
5

Res = lim
z = 2i

16
2 + 4i
z4
=
=
.
z2i (z 2i)(z + 4)
(4i)(2i + 4)
5

Res = lim
I =0

I=
C

f (z)dz

|z| = 4
f (z) =

3 + z3
dz .
(z + 1)2 (z 3)

55

z = 1

z=3

15
3 + z3
30
=
=
2
z3 (z + 1)
16
8

Res[f (z)]z=3 = lim



Res[f (z)]z=1


d 3 + z3
3z 2 .(z 3) (3 + z 3 ).1
= lim
= lim
z1
z1
dz z 3
(z 3)2
3.(4) (3 1).1
7
=
= .
2
(4)
8


7 15
= 2i .
I = 2i +
8
8

I=

x2

1
1
dx =
2
x +4
2

1
dx .
+4

x2

1
dx
+4

R

C

dz
=
2
z +4

+R
R

dx
+
2
x +4

CR

dz
,
+4

z2

C

C

56



dz
1
1
1

=
2i
Res
=
2i
=
.
=
2i
lim
z+2i z + 2i
z2 + 4
z 2 + 4 z=+2i
4i
2

CR



 1 
1
1


 z 2 + 4  |z|2 4 = R2 4
R ei

z





CR



1
dz 
|dz|
R

2
R d = 2

2
2
z +4
R 4 0
R 4
CR |z + 4|
R

=
2

I=

I=

z = ei ;

dx
.
+4

x2

dx

=
.
x2 + 4
4

d
.
5 + 3 cos

dz = i ei d = iz d .

57

cos =

ei + ei
z + 1/z
z2 + 1
=
=
;
2
2
2z
I
3z 2 + 10z + 3
z2 + 1
=
2z
2z
3(z + 1/3)(z + 3)
=
2z

5 + 3 cos = 5 + 3

dz
2z
= 2i Res[f (z)]z=1/3
C 3(z + 1/3)(z + 3) iz

2i
= .
= 2i
3(1/3 + 3)
2

I =

(z 4)/(z 4 4z 2 )

I1 =
|| < 1

I1

dx
1 +  cos x

I2 =

58

I2

dx
.
+1

x6

59