SHMMU

Majhmatik Anlush

Lseic tou 1ou fulladou asksewn

Askhsh 1.

Na dexete ti an

x1 , x2 , ..., xn R

|x1 + ... + xn |

, tte

x2 + ... + x2 .
n
1

Lsh. To sumprasma prokptei efarmzontac thn anisthta

sta diansmata

x Rn
yx <1 x

Askhsh 2.
isqei

(x1 , x2 , ..., xn )

'Estw

Na

kai
me

Cauchy-Schwarz

(1, 1, ..., 1).

x < 1

dexete

ti

Upojtoume

y <1

ti

gia

kpoio

y Rn

Lsh. Ap thn trigwnik anisthta kai thn upjesh qoume ti

y = y x + x y x + x < 1 x + x = 1.

Askhsh 3.

'Estw

ginmeno twn

f, g

f, g : [0, 1] R

suneqec sunartseic.

Orz
oume to eswterik

wc exc:

f, g =

f (x)g(x) dx .
0

(i)

Dexte

ti

aut

to

eswterik

sto mjhma ti ikanopoie

(ii)

ginmeno

to eswterik

ikanopoie
ginmeno

tic

tou

idithtec

Rn

pou

edame

Jtoume

[f (x)]2 dx .

f =
0
Dexte

ti

| f, g | f

g .

Lsh.

(i) H metajetik idithta profanc isqei. Oi do llec dhlad

f, g + h = f, g + f, h ,
gia kje

f, g, h

suneqec sunartseic sto

[0, 1]

kai

f, g = f, g ,
gia kje

f, g

suneqec sunartseic sto

[0, 1]

ap th grammikthta tou oloklhrmatoc.

kai

prokptoun mesa

(ii) An

g = 0,

tte h anisthta profanc isqei. Diaforetik jtoume

f, g
g 2

kai qrhsimopointac tic idithtec ap to (i) qoume ti

g, f g = 0 .
Rn ,

Epomnwc, pwc kai sthn apdeixh gia ton

= f g + g

= f g

qoume ti

+ g

Opte

| f, g | f

Askhsh 4.

Dexte

ti

x
gia

x = (x1 , x2 ) R2
(0, 0)

sfara kntrou

h sunrthsh

enai

tou

ma

g .

: R2 R

me

= |x1 | + |x2 |

nrma

me aut

ston

R2

Poi

enai

monadiaa

anoikt

th nrma?

Lsh. Oi do prtec idithtec thc nrmac profanc isqoun. Gia thn trig-

wnik anisthta, ekmetaleumenoi ti aut isqei sto

x+y

R,

qoume ti

= |x1 + y1 | + |x2 + y2 | (|x1 | + |x2 |) + (|y1 | + |y2 |) = x

(0, 0) tou R2 me aut th
(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0) kai (0, 1).

H monadiaa anoikt sfara kntrou

tetrgwno me korufc ta shmea
Askhsh 5.

Na apodexete ti kje kleist sfara tou

Rn

+ y

nrma enai to

enai kleist snolo.

Lsh. Gia na dexoume ti h kleist sfara kleist sfara

B(x, )

enai

kleist snolo arke na dexoume ti to sumplrwma tou

Rn \ B(x, ) = {y Rn : x y > }
enai anoikt. Qwrc blbh thc genikthtac mporome na jewrsoume ti
kai stw

y Rn \ B(0, ).

Tte gia

= y >0

qoume ti

B(y, ) Rn \ B(0, ) .
Prgmati an

z B(y, ),

tte

z = zy+y y zy > y y +=
kai sunepc qoume to zhtomeno.

x=0