Bai DABTTL Quan He Vuong Goc

Kha hc Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - ThyTrn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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a
a
a
a
O
A
B
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C
S

Phn 1: Quan h vung gc
Bi 1. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, tm O. Cnh bn SA vung gc vi
mp (ABCD) v SA = a; M l trung im cnh SD.
a) Mt phng () i qua OM v vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) ct hnh chp SABCD theo thit
din l hnh g? Tnh din tch thit din theo a.
b) Gi H l trung im ca CM; I l im thay i trn SD. Chng minh OH (SCD); v hnh chiu
ca O trn CI thuc ng trn c nh.
Gii:
a. K MQ//SA => ( ) ( ) ( ) MQ ABCD MQO
Thit din l hnh thang vung MNPQ (MN//PQ)
2
( ). 3
2 8
td
MN PQ MQ a
S
+
= = (vdt)
b. : / / , , AMC OH AM AM SD AM CD
( ) ( ) AM SCD OH SCD
Gi K l hnh chiu ca O trn CI
, ( ) OK CI OH CI CI OKH CI HK
Trong mp(SCD) : H, K c nh, gc HKC vung
=> K thuc ng trn g knh HC.
Bi 2. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, SA
= SB = SC = a. Chng minh rng: SB vung gc SD.
Gii:
+ Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD. V ABCD l hnh thoi
nn O l trung im ca AC v BD

0
1
2
90
ABC ASC SO BO BD
BSD SB SD
+ = = =
=

QUAN H VUNG GC
P N BI TP T LUYN
Gio vin: TRN VIT KNH
Cc bi tp trong ti liu ny c bin son km theo Chuyn Quan h vung gc thuc kha hc Chuyn
Hnh hc 11 Thy Trn Vit Knh ti website Hocmai.vn gip cc Bn kim tra, cng c li cc kin thc c
gio vin truyn t trong Chuyn Quan h vung gc. s dng hiu qu, Bn cn lm trc bi tp sau so
snh vi p n.
O
Q
H
P
A D
B
C
S
I
M
N
I


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O
A
B
D
C
S
H
K
I
N
K
I
O
D
A
C
B
S
M
Bi 3. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh vung, SA vung gc mt phng (ABCD). Gi H, K
ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SD.
a. CMR: SC vung gc mt phng (AHK).
b. Gi I l giao im ca SC vi mt phng (AHK). CMR: HK vung gc AI.
Gii:
a. Ta c:
( ) (1)
AH SB
AH SBC AH SC
AH BC

`
)

( ) (2)
AK SD
AK SDC AK SC
AK DC

`
)

T (1) v (2) ta suy ra ( ) SC AHK
b. Ta c:
v v
SAB SAD SH SK = =
/ /
SH SK
HK BD
SB SD
= ( nh l Ta lt o)
( )
BD AC
BD SAC
BD SA

`
)

/ /
( )
( )
HK BD
HK SAC HK AI
BD SAC

`
)

Bi 4. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O, SA = SC, SB = SD.
a. Chng minh rng: ( ) SO ABCD
b. I, K ln lt l trung im ca BA v BC. Chng minh rng IK vung gc SD.
c. Gi (P) l mt phng song song vi SO cha IK. Chng minh BD vung gc vi mt phng (P).
Gii:
a. Ta c:
( )
SO AC
SO ABCD
SO BD

`
)

b.
( )
( )
IK BD do AC BD
IK SBD IK SD
IK SO

`
)

c. + Gi M l giao im ca SB vi mt phng (P),
N l giao im ca DB vi mt phng (P).
/ /( ), ( )
/ /
( ) ( )
/ /
( )
SO P SO SBD
SO MN
SBD P MN
SO BD
MN BD
MN SO
BD IK
BD P
BD MN

+
`
=
)

+
`
)

+
`
)

Bi 5. Cho lng tr ng ABCD.ABCD, y ABC c AB = AD = a v gc
0
60 BAD = ,
3
AA'
2
a
= .
M, N ln lt l trung im AD v AB. Chng minh rng: ' ( ). AC BDMN

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Gii:
+ Gi S BN DM = M l trung im SD, N l trung im SB, A l trung im SA.
+ Gi O = ACBD
+ BAD u
3
2 3 , '
2
a
AO AC AO a SA CC AO = = = = =
+ Hai vung SOA v ACC bng nhau AS ' O CAC = .
M
0 0
AS 90 ' 90 ' O SOA CAC SOA AC SO + = + =
+
'
' ( )
'
AC BD
AC BDMN
AC SO

`
)

Bi 6. T din SABC c ( ). SA mp ABC Gi H, K ln lt l trc tm ca cc tam gic ABC v SBC.
a. Chng minh SC vung gc vi mp(BHK) v ( ) ( ) SAC BHK
b. Chng minh ( ) HK SBC v ( ) ( ). SBC BHK

Gii:

a. V H l trc tm tam gic ABC BH AC , theo gi thit
( ) SA mp ABC BH SA . Nn ( ) BH mp SAC SC BH
Do K l trc tm SBC BK SC
T suy ra ( ) ( ) ( ) SC mp BHK mp BHK mp SAC (pcm)
b. Tng t nh trn ta cng chng minh c: ( ) SB mp CHK SB HK
M ( ) SC mp BHK SC HK .
Do : ( ) ( ) ( ) HK mp SBC mp SBC mp BHK
Bi 7. Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC c tt c cc cnh u bng a. Gi M l trung im ca AA. Chng
minh rng BM vung gc vi BC.
Gii:
Gi I l tm hnh vung BCCB nn I l trung im ca BC.
M l trung im AA nn MC=MB suy ra tam gic MBC cn ti M
B
S
C
A
H
K

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N
M
D
S
A B
C
K
' ; ' ' ' . B C MI B C BC B C MB

Phn 2: Gc
Bi 1: Cho chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti C, AC = 2, BC = 4. Cnh bn SA = 5 vung
gc vi y. Gi D l trung im cnh AB. Tnh gc gia AC v SD
Gii:
Ta c : AB = 2 5 ,
Gi M l trung im ca BC ,ta c : DM = 1
SD =
2 2
30 SA AD + = ,
SC =
2 2
29 SA AC + =
SM =
2 2
33 SC CM + =
Ta c :
2 2 2
30 1 33 1
cos
2 . 2 30 30
SD MD SM
SDM
SDMD
+ +
= = = (*)
Gc gia hai ng thng AC v SD l gc gia hai ng thng DM v SD hay b vi gc
SDM . Do : cos =
1
30

Vy = arcos
1
30

Bi 2: Cho t din ABCD, gi M v N ln lt l trung im BC, AD. Bit AB = CD = 2a, MN = 3 a .
Tnh gc gia 2 ng thng AB v CD
Gii:
Gi P l trung im AC. Khi MP // AB, NP // CD v MP = NP = a
( , ) ( , ) AB CD MP NP =
Trong tam gic MPN ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
0
2 3 1
os MPN=
2 . 2 . 2
120
MP NP MN a a
c
MP NP a a
MPN
+
= =
=

Vy
0 0
( , ) 60 ( , ) 60 MP NP AB CD = =

Bi 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A v D, AD=DC=a, AB=2a. SA vung gc
vi AB v AD, SA=
2 3
3
a
. Tnh gc gia 2 ng thng:
a, DC v SB
A
A
B
B
C
C
M
I

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b, SD v BC
Gii:
a. Do / / ( , ) ( , ) DC AB DC SB AB SB = =
Tam gic SAB vung ti A nn l gc nhn, khi
0
2 3
3
3
tan 30
2 3
a
SA
AB a
= = = =
Vy
0
( , ) 30 DC SB =
b. Gi I l trung im AB, khi AI=a. T gic ADCI l hnh bnh hnh, li c AI=AD=a nn l hnh
thoi, m gc A, D vung nn ADCI l hnh vung cnh a 2 DI a =
T gic BIDC l hnh bnh hnh nn BC // DI
Khi ( , ) ( , ) SD BC SD DI = =
Tam gic SAI vung ti A nn
2
2 2 2
7
3
a
SI SA AI = + =
Tam gic SAD vung ti A nn
2
2 2 2
7
3
a
SD SA AD = + =
p dng nh l hm s cosin trong tam gic SDI:
2 2 2 2
2 3
os
2 . 21 42
. . 2
3
SD DI SI a
c SDI
SD DI a
a a
+
= = = >0
Suy ra SDI l gc nhn v SDI =arccos
3
42

Bi 4: Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u . ' ' ' ABC A B C c 1, ' ( 0). AB CC m m = = > Tm m bit rng gc
gia hai ng thng ' AB v ' BC bng
0
60 .
Gii:
- K / / ' ( ' ') BD AB D A B
0
( ', ') ( , ') 60 AB BC BD BC = =

0
' 60 DBC = hoc
0
' 120 . DBC =
- Nu
0
' 60 DBC =
V lng tr u nn ' ( ' ' '). BB A B C
p dng nh l Pitago v nh l cosin ta c
2
' 1 BD BC m = = + v ' 3. DC =
Kt hp
0
' 60 DBC = ta suy ra ' BDC u.
Do
2
1 3 2. m m + = =
- Nu
0
' 120 DBC =
p dng nh l cosin cho ' BDC suy ra 0 m = (loi).
Vy 2. m =
Bi 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB = a, AD = 3 a , SD= 7 a v SA
(ABCD). Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA v SB.
a) Chng minh rng cc mt bn ca hnh chp l cc tam gic vung.
b) Tnh gc hp bi cc mt phng (SCD) v (ABCD).
Gii:
a) Chng minh rng cc mt bn ca hnh chp l cc tam gic vung.

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( )
SA AB
SA ABCD
SA AD

cc tam gic SAB, SAD vung ti A

Tng t :
BC AB
BC SB SBC
BC SA

vung ti B
CD AD
CD SD SDC
CD SA

vung ti D
b) Tnh gc hp bi cc mt phng (SCD) v (ABCD).
( ) ( ) SCD ABCD CD =
( ), AD ABCD AD CD , ( ), SD SCD SD CD
Suy ra:
( )
( )
3 21
( ), ( ) ; cos
7 7
21
( ), ( ) ar cos
7
AD a
SCD ABCD SDA SDA
SD a
SCD ABCD SDA
= = = =
= =

Bi 6: Cho t din S.ABC c SA, SB, SC i mt vung gc v SA = SB = SC. Gi I, J ln lt l trung
im AB, BC. Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SAJ) v (SCI)
Gii:
Do SA = SB = SC AB = BC = CA tam gic ABC u
Trong tam gic ABC, gi H l giao ca SJ v CI.
Khi H va l trng tm va l trng tm ca tam gic ABC
Ta c ( AJ) ( ) S SCI SH = ,
do , xc nh gc gia 2 mp (SAJ) v (SCI),
trc tin ta xc nh mp vung gc vi SH
Ta c : AH BC (1) do tam gic ABC u
Li c SA, SB, SC i mt vung gc nn SA (SBC) SABC (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c BC (SAH) suy ra BCSH (*)
Tng t ta cng c
( )
( )
AB CH AB CH
AB SCH
SC SAB AB SC

Hay ABSH (**)
T (*) v (**) suy ra SH (ABC)
M
( ) ( AJ) AJ
(( AJ), ( )) (AJ, )
( ) ( )
ABC S
S SCI CI
ABC SCI CI
=
=

Do tam gic ABC u nn
0 0 0 0
90 90 30 60 CHJ HCJ = = =
Vy
0
(( AJ), ( )) (AJ, ) 60 S SCI CI CHJ = = =

Bi 7: Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a, dng 3 SA a = v vung gc vi (ABCD). Tnh gc gia cc mp
sau:
a. (SAB) v (ABC)
b. (SBD) v (ABD)

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c. (SAB) v (SCD)
Gii:
a. Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD
Suy ra:
2
2
a
AO AC = =
Khi ( ) ( ) SAB ABC AB =
Ta c : ( )
AB SA
AB SAD
AB AD

Mt khc
0
( ) ( )
(( ), ( )) ( , ) 90
( ) ( )
SAD SAB SA
SAB ABC SA AD SAD
SAD ABC AD
=
= = =

b. ( ) ( ) SBD ABD BD =
Ta c ( )
BD SA
BD SAC
BD AC

Mt khc
( ) ( )
(( ), ( )) ( , )
( ) ( )
SAC SBD SA
SBD ABD SO AO SOA
SAC ABD AO
=
= =

Trong tam gic vung SOA ta c:
3
tan 6 (( ), ( )) arctan 6
2
2
SA a
SOA SBD ABD
AO a
= = = =
c. ( ) ( ) / / / / SAB SCD Sx AB CD =
M ( ) ( ) AB SAD Sx SAD
Do
( ) ( )
(( ), ( )) ( , )
( ) ( )
SAD SAB SA
SAB SCD SA SD ASD
SAD SCD SD
=
= =

Trong tam gic vung ASD:
0 0
1
tan 30 (( ), ( )) 30
3 3
AD a
ASD ASD SAB SCD
SA a
= = = = =
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung ABCD cnh a, tm O. Cnh SA = a v
SA(ABCD). Gi E, F ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln cc cnh SB v SD.
a) Chng minh BC (SAB), CD (SAD).
b) Chng minh (AEF) (SAC).
c) Tnh tan vi l gc gia cnh SC vi (ABCD).
Gii:
a. V ( ) , ( ) SA ABCD SA BC BC AB BC SAB
( ) , ( ) SA ABCD SA CD CD AD CD SAD
b. ( ), SA ABCD SA a = , cc tam gic SAB, SAD vung cn
FE l ng trung bnh tam gic SBD FE BD
, ( ) BD AC FE AC SA ABCD BD SA FE SA
( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) FE SAC FE AEF SAC AEF
c. ( ) SA ABCD nn AC l hnh chiu ca SC trn (ABCD) SCA =

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0
1
tan 45
2 2
SA a
AC a
= = = =
Bi 9: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c SA (ABCD), y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a ; SA = a 6 . Gi
AH, AK ln lt l ng cao ca cc tam gic SAB v SAD.
1) Chng minh : SAD ; SDC l nhng tam gic vung.
2) Chng minh: AK (SDC) ; HK (SAC)
3) Tnh gc gia ng thng SD v mt phng (SAC).
Gii:
1). C/m: SAD l tam gic vung.
Ta c : SA(ABCD) ; AD (ABCD)
SA AD
SAD vung ti A.
C/m: SDC l tam gic vung.
Ta c : SA (ABCD) ; DC(ABCD)
DC SA
DC AD (do ABCD vung)
DC (SAD)
SD (SAD)
DC SD
SDC vung ti D.
2). C/m: AK (SDC)
Ta c: DC (SAD) ; AK (SAD)
AK DC
AK SD (gi thit)
AK (SDC) (pcm)
C/m: HK (SAC)
Ta c : SAB = SAD (c-g-c)
SB=SD
M H, K l hnh chiu ca A ln SB, SD

SH SK
SB SD
=
HK // BD (1)
Xt tam gic cn SBD
OB=OD (O l tm hvung ABCD)
SO BD (2)
T (1),(2) HK SO (*)
Mt khc: AO BD (3)
T (1),(3) HK AO (**)
T (*),(**) HK(SAO)
Hay HK(SAC) (pcm)
3). Tnh gc gia SD v mp (SAC).
Ta c: SOOD
SO l hnh chiu ca SD trn mp (SAC)
S
B
C
D
A
H
K
o

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gc gia SD v mp (SAC) l gc hp bi SD v SO.
DO=
2
2
a , SD= 7a
Sin DSO =
2
1
2
7 14
a
DO
SD a
= =
Vy DSO = arcsin
1
14

Bi 10: Cho hnh chp u S.ABCD, y c cnh bng a v c tm O. Gi M,N ln lt l trung im
SA;BC.Bit gc gia MN v (ABCD) bng 60
0
.Tnh MN, SO, gc gia MN v mt phng (SAO)
Gii:
Gi P l trung im AO. Khi MP // SO v SO (ABCD).
Do (MN;(ABCD)) = MNP = 60
0

Trong NCP , theo nh l hm s Cosin ta c:
2
2 2 2 0
5
2 . . os45
2
a
NP CN CP CN CP c = + =
Trong tam gic vung MNP ta c
0
5
os60 2
PN
MN a
c
= =
v
0
15 15
. tan 60 2
8 2
PM PN a SO MP a = = = =
Gi H l trung im OC. Suy ra NH // BD m BD (SAC), do (MN;(SAC)) = NMH.
Ta c
1 2 5
,
2 4 2
a
NH OB MN a = = = . Suy ra trong tam gic vung MNH ta c
1
sin
2 5
NH
NHM
MN
= =
Vy gc gia MN v mt phng (SAC) l 1 gc c gi tr tha mn
1
sin ; 0
2 2 5

=
Bi 11: Cho hnh vung ABCD v tam gic u SAB cnh a nm trong 2 mt phng vung gc. Gi I l
trung im AB. CMR: SI (ABCD) v tnh gc hp bi SC vi (ABCD)
Gii:
S dng tnh cht 2 mp vung gc ta c:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
SI SAB
SAB ABCD AB SI ABCD
SI AB

Khi , I l hnh chiu ca S ln (ABCD) suy ra SC c hnh chiu ln (ABCD) l IC
( , ( )) ( , ) SC ABCD SC IC SCI = = ( do tam gic SIC vung ti I nn gc SCI l gc nhn)
SI l ng cao ca tam gic u ABC nn
3
2
a
SI =
Trong tam gic vung ICB:

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45
I
B
C
A D
S
E
H
SCD
A B
I
2
2 2 2
5
4 2
3
15
2
tan
2 5
2
a a
IC IB BC a
a
SI
SCI
CI a
= + = + =
= = =

Vy
15
( , ( )) arctan( )
2
SC ABCD SCI = =

Phn 3: Khong cch
Bi 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, ( ) ( ) SAB ABCD , SA = SB, gc gia
SC v (ABCD) bng 45
0
. Tnh khong cch t B n mt phng (SCD).
Gii:
Gi I l trung im ca AB, v tam gic SAB cn ti S SI AB
( ) ( )
( )
( ),
SAB ABCD
SI ABCD
SI SAB SI AB

`

)

0
45 SCI =
V / /( ) ( , ( )) ( , ( )) BA SCD d B SCD d I SCD =
Gi J l trung im ca CD, ta c:
( )
CD IE
CD SIE
CD SI

`
)

m ( ) ( ) ( ) CD SCD SIE SCD theo giao tuyn SE.
Do trong mt phng (SIE)
k ( ) ( ) IH SE H SE IH SCD
( , ( )) IH d I SCD =
Ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
IS IH IE
= +
M IE = a,
2
2 2 2
5
2 2
a a
SI IC BI BC a
| |
= = + = + =
|
\

( SIC vung cn nn SI = IC)
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 4 1 9
5 5
5
2
IH a a a a
a
= + = + =
| |
|
\

2
2
5 5
9 3
a a
IH IH = =
Vy
5
( , ( ))
3
a
d B SCD = .
Bi 2. Cho chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, ( ) SA ACBD , gc gia mt bn (SBC) v
mt y (ABCD) bng 60
0
, G l trng tm tam gic SAD. Tnh khong cch t G n mt phng (SBC).
Gii :
Ta c :
0
60 SBA =

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M
D
A
B
C
S
G
K
SBC
S
M
G
I
A
C
B
S
H
K
SAH
S
B
K
Gi M l trung im ca AD, ta c :
( , ( )) 2
( , ( )) 3
d G SBC SG
d M SBC SM
= =
2
( , ( )) ( , ( ))
3
d G SBC d M SBC =
V / /( ) ( , ( )) ( , ( )) AM SBC d M SBC d A SBC =
Do ( ) ( ) SAB SBC theo giao tuyn SB
nn k ( ) ( ) AK SB K SB AK SBC
( , ( )) AK d A SBC =
Ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
AS AK AB
= +
M ta li c:
0 0
tan 60 . tan 60 3
SA
SA AB a
AB
= = =
( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 4 3 3
3 4 2
3
a a
AK AK
AK a a
a
= + = = =
Vy
2 3 3
( , ( )) .
3 2 3
a a
d G SBC = =
Bi 3. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A, 2 AB a = , I l trung im ca
BC, hnh chiu vung gc ca S ln mt phng (ABC) l im H tha mn I nm gia AH. Tnh khong
cch t trung im K ca SB ti mt phng (SAH).
Gii:
( )
BI AH
BI SAH
BI SH

`
)

Ta c:
( , ( )) 1
2
d K SAH SK
BI SB
= =
1 1 1
( , ( )) .2
2 4 4 2
a
d K SAH BI BC a = = = =

Bi 4. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, I l trung im ca BC, D l im i
xng vi A qua I, ( ) SD ABC , K l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn SA,
2
a
IK = . Tnh khong cch t
D n mt phng (SBC).
Gii:
( ) ( ) SAD SBC theo giao tuyn SI, nn k ( ) ( ) DH SI H DI DH SBC
( , ( )) DH d D SCB =

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M
N
B
C
A D
S
H
K
l
C
B
A
D
S
K
H
Ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
DH DS DI
= +
M
3
2
a
DI AI = =
Ta c vung SDA ng dng vi vung IHA
(gc A chung)
2 2
3 6
2
2
SD DA SD a a
SD
a
IK KA
AI IK
= = =

Do :
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 2
2
6 3
2 2
a
DH
DH a
a a
= + = =
| | | |
| |
\ \

Vy ( ; ( ))
2
a
d D SBC = .
Bi 5. Cho chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, tam gic SAB u, tam gic SCD vung cn
ti S. H l hnh chiu vung gc ca S ln mt phng (ABCD). Tnh khong cch t H n mt phng
(SCD).
Gii:
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, CD.
Khi ( ) ( ) SMN ABCD theo giao tuyn MN.
Do , k ( ) ( ) SH MN H MN SH ABCD
( ) ( ) SHN SCD theo giao tuyn SN.
Do k ( ) HK SN K SN
( ) ( , ( )) HK SCD HK d H SCD =
Ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
HK HS HN
= +

Mt khc:
2 2 2
3
, ,
2 2
a a
MN a SM SN MN SM SN = = = = + SMN vung ti S.
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 4 4 16 3
3 3 16
3
2
2
a
SH
SH SM SN a a a
a
a
= + = + = + = =
| | | |
|
|
\
\

3
4
a
SH =
2 2
1
4 2
a
HN SN SH SN CD
| |
= = =
|
\

Do ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 16 16 64 3
3 3 3 8
16 16
a
HK
a a HK a a a
= + = + = =
Vy
3
( , ))
8
a
d H SCD = .

- Trang | 13 -

I
O
M
N
A
D
C
B
S
E
K
P
H
A
B
C
S
M
K
H
Bi 6. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D, ( ) SA ABCD ,
2 , 2 ; . SA a AB a AD DC a = = = = Gi M l trung im ca SD. Tnh khong cch t M n mt phng
(SBC).
Gii:
Gi E l trung im AB, N l trung im SE, O l tm hnh vung ADCE, I SO MN =
Ta c: / / / / / /( ) MN DE BC MN SBC
( , ( )) ( , ( )) ( , ( )) d M SBC d MN SBC d I SBC = =
Xt tam gic ACB c
1
2
CE a AB BC AC = =
( )
BC AC
BC SAC
BC SA

`
)

m ( ) ( ) ( ) BC SBC SAC SBC theo giao tuyn SC.
Do k ( ) ( ) IH SC H SC IH SBC
( , ( )) IH d I SBC =
Tnh IH: K ( ), ( ) OK SC K SC AP SC P SC
Ta c:
1 1
2 4
IH OK AP = =
M
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
AS
2 2
AP a
AP AC a
a a
= + = + = =
1
4 4
a
IH AP = =
Vy ( , ( ))
4
a
d M SBC = .
Bi 7: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, SA = AB = a, AC = 2a v SA vung
gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi M l im trn cnh AB sao cho BM = 2MA. Tnh khong cch t B n
mt phng (SCM).
Gii:
Tam gic BMC c
2
; 3
3
a
BM BC a = =
2 2
2 2 2 2
4 31
3
9 9
a a
MC BM BC a = + = + =
31
3
a
MC =
Ta c:
( , ( ))
2 ( , ( )) 2 ( , ( ))
( , ( ))
d B SCM BM
d B SCM d A SCM
d A SCM AM
= = =
Gi K l hnh chiu ca A trn ng thng CM
(do gc AMC > 90
0
nn K nm ngoi on CM).
Ta c ( ( ) CK AK v CK SA do SA ABC n n CK SAK
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) SCK SAK v SCK SAK SK = . K ( ) AH SK H SK
( ) AH SCM . Vy AH l khong cch t A n mt phng (SCM).
Cc tam gic AKM v CBM ng dng nn ta c:

- Trang | 14 -

A
B
C
S
H
K
E
. 3
31
AK AM BC AM a
AK
BC CM CM
= = =
AH l ng cao ca tam gic vung SAK nn:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 31 1 34 3
AS 3 3 34
a
AH
AH AK a a a
= + = + = =
Vy
2 3
( , ( ))
34
a
d B SCM =
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh a, tam gic SAC cn ti S, gc SBC bng 60
0
,
mt phng (SAC) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC).
Gii:
Gi H l trung im ca cnh AC
, ( ) ( ) SH AC c SAC ABC ,
( ) ( ) SAC ABC AC = nn ( ) SH ABC
t ( 0) SH x x = >
Tam gic SHC vung ta c:
2
2 2
4
a
SC x = +
Tam gic SHB vung ta c:
2
2 2
3
4
a
SB x = +
p dng nh l Csin trong tam gic SBC ta c:
2 2 2
2 . .cos SC SB BC SB BC SBC = +
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3 3 1
2 . .
4 4 4 2
a a a
x x a a x + = + + +
2
2
3 3 6
.
4 2 2
a a a
x x + = =
Vy
6
2
a
SH =
Gi K l hnh chiu ca H trn ng thng AC ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
BC HK
BC SHK SBC SHK v SBC SHK SK
BC SH

=
`
)

K ( ) ( ; ( )) HE SK HE SBC HE d H SBC =
Do H l trung im ca AC nn c: ( ; ( )) 2 ( ; ( )) 2 d d A SBC d H SBC HE = = =
Tam gic vung BHC c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 4 4 16
3 3 HK HB HC a a a
= + = + =
Tam gic vung SHK c:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 2 16 18 6
3 3 3 HE HS HK a a a a
= + = + = =
2
2
6 2 6 6
( ; ( ))
6 6 6 3 6
a a a a a
HE HE d d A SBC = = = = = =
Bi 9: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a, khong cch t trng tm G ca tam gic
SAC ti (SCD) l
3
6
a
. Tnh khong cch t tm O ca y ti (SCD).
Gii:

- Trang | 15 -

O
B
A
D
C
S
M
H
G
K
I
A
B
D C
S
M
G
K
Gi O l tm ca y ABCD.
V SO l mt trung tuyn ca tam gic SAC
nn trng tm G ca tam gic SAC nm trn SO l c
2
3
SG
SO
= .
Gi M l trung im ca CD
Ta c OM DC SM DC (nh l ba ng vung gc)
( ) ( ) ( ) DC SOM SDC SOM
Li c: ( ) ( ) SOM SDC SM = nn nu
k ( ) ( ) OH SM H SM th OH SDC
( ; ( )) d O SCD OH =
Trong tam gic SOM k GK// OH
( ) ( , ( )) GK SDC d G SDC GK =
T gi thit suy ra
3
6
a
GK =
Ta c:
2 3 3 3 3
.
3 2 2 6 4
GK SG a a
OH GK
OH SO
= = = = =
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh bng a, tm I v cnh bn SA
vung gc vi mt y (ABCD). Mt bn (SBC) to vi mt y (ABCD) mt gc bng 60
0
. Gi G l
trng tm tam gic SAC. Tnh khong cch t G n mt phng (SBC).
Gii:
Do , ( ) SA BC AB BC n n BC SAB .
Vy gc gia mt phng (SBC) v mt y (ABCD) bng gc SBA = 60
0
.
Suy ra SA=AB.tan60 3 a = .
Gi M l trung im AD.
H ( ( )) AK SB do BC SAB n n BC AK
Suy ra
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 4
( )
3
AK SBC v
AK SA AB a
= + =
Vy
3
2
a
AK = .
( , ( )) 2
( , ( )) 3
d G SBC GS
d M SBC MS
= =
V AM song song vi (SBC)
nn
3
( , ( )) ( , ( ))
2
a
d M ABC d A SBC AK = = =
Vy
2 3 3
( , ( )) .
3 2 3
a a
d G SBC = = .
2.4.2 Khong cch t mt im n mt mt phng.
V d 1. Cho t din SABC c tam gic ABC vung cn nh B, AB = a, SA vung gc vi mt phng
(ABC) v SA = a.
a. Chng minh (SAB) (SBC) .
b. Tnh khong cch t im A n mp(SBC).
c. Gi I l trung im ca AB. Tnh khong cch t im I n mp(SBC);

- Trang | 16 -

d. Gi J l trung im ca AC. Tnh khong cch t im J n mp(SBC);
e. G l trng tm tam gic ABC, tnh khong cch t im G n mp(SBC).
Nhn xt: chng minh 2 mt phng vung gc vi nhau ta chng minh mt phng ny cha ng
thng vung gc vi mt kia, p dng gi thit bi ton ta c c cu a.
ta xc nh c khong cch t A n mp(SBC) t tnh ra khong cch.
Cu c, d gi cho ta nh n kt qu rt ra v d 1, trn c s kt qu tnh c cu b suy ngh v p
dng tm ra li gii. n cu e gi thit cho di dng l hn i hi phi c suy ngh, hot ng tch
cc tm ra mi lin h gia khong cch t G n mt phng (SBC) v cc khong cch bit nh :
d(A, (SBC)), d(J, (SBC)), hay d(I, (SBC)).
Li gii

a. Theo gi thit ta c: SA (ABC)
suy ra SA BC (1)
m AB BC (gi thit) (2).
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra : BC (SAB) (SBC) (SAB) .
b. Ta c (SAB) (SBC) SB
K AH SB (H thuc SB). Do SAB vung cn nn H l trung im ca SB,khi AH ( SBC)
nn d(A, (SBC)) = AH
Xt SAB vung cn ti A. Theo h thc lng trong tam gic vung ta c :
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
a a AB AS AH
+ = + =

Khi
2
2 a
AH =
.
c. Ta c B SBC AB ) ( v
2
1
=
BA
BI
(do I l trung im ca AB) nn

2
2
.
2
1
)) ( , (
2
1
)) ( , (
a
SBC A d SBC I d = =

Vy
4
2
)) ( , (
a
SBC I d =
.
d. Tng t J l trung im ca AC nn
2
1
=
CA
CJ
, khi

4
2
)) ( , (
2
1
) ( , (
a
SBC A d SBC J d = =
.
e. V G l trng tm ABC nn c
3
2
=
CI
CG

Lc
4
2
.
3
2
)) ( , (
3
2
)) ( , (
a
SBC I d SBC G d = =

G
I
J
H
A
C
S
B
d
a

- Trang | 17 -

a
a 3
I
J
O
D
A
B C
S
H
Hay
6
2
)) ( , (
a
SBC G d =
.
V d 2. Cho hnh chp t gic SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a, SA vung gc vi
mp(ABCD) v SA = a 3 . O l tm hnh vung ABCD.
a. Tnh khong cch t im A n mp(SBC);
b. Tnh khong cch t im O n mp(SBC);
c.
1
G l trng tm SAC. T
1
G k ng thng song song vi SB ct OB ti I. Tnh khong cch t
im
1
G n mp(SBC), khong cch t im I n mp(SBC);
d. J l trung im ca SD, tnh khong cch t im J n mp(SBC);
e. Gi
2
G l trng tm ca SDC. Tnh khong cch t im
2
G n mp(SBC).
Li gii.
a. K AH SB(1);
Ta c SA AD ( v SA(ABCD))
M AB AD (ABCD l hnh vung) suy ra AD (SAB)
V BC // AD nn BC (SAB)
Li c AH (SBC) nn BC AH (2)
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra AH (SBC). Khi d(A, (SBC)) = AH
Xt SAD vung ti A.
Theo h thc lng trong tam gic vung ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
1
3
1 1 1 1
a a AB SA AH
+ = + =

Suy ra AH =
2
3 a
.
b. O l trung im ca AC nn d(O, (SBC)) =
2
1
d(A,(SBC))
hay d(O,(SBC)) =
4
3 a

c.
1
G l trng tm SAC nn :
3
2
1
=
SO
SG

Khi
1
2
( , ( )) ( , ( ))
3
d G SBC d O SBC =
hay

6
3
4
3
.
3
2
)) ( , (
1
a a
SBC G d = =
.
V
1
G I // SB nn d(I, (SBC)) = d(
1
G , (SBC)) =
6
3 a
.
d. J, O ln lt l trung im ca SD, DB nn JO l ng trung bnh ca tam gic SDB. Suy ra JO //
SB;
Do
4
3
)) ( , ( )) ( , (
a
SBC O d SBC J d = =
.

- Trang | 18 -

O
M
B'
C'
D'
C
A B
D
A'
G
I
K
J
e.
2
G l trng tm SDC nn
3
2
2
=
CJ
CG

khi
4
3
.
3
2
)) ( , (
3
2
)) ( , (
2
a
SBC J d SBC G d = =

vy
2
3
( , ( ))
6
a
d G SBC =
.
V d 3. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a, AC ct BD ti O.
a. Tnh khong cch t im A n mp(BDDB).
b. Gi M l trung im ca AA. Tnh khong cch t im M n mp(BDDB) .
c. G l trng tm ABA. Tnh khong cch t im G n mp(BDDB).
d. I l trung im ca GB. Tnh khong cch t im I n mp(BDDB).
e. K l trng tm BMD. Tnh khong cch t K n mp(BDDB). Suy ra khong cch t im J n
mp(BDDB) vi J l trung im ca KO.
Li gii
a. Ta c AO BD( gi thit)
Mt khc AO DD(v DD (ABCD)) suy ra AO (BDDB) ;
Khi
2 .
2
1
2
1
)) ' ' ( , ( a AC AO B BDD A d = = =

Hay
a 2
( , ( DD'B'))=
2
d A B
.
b. Do AM // (BDDB) nn d(M,(BDDB))= d(A, (BDDB))
vy d(M, (BDDB)) =
2
2 a
.
c. Ta c
3
2
=
BM
BG
(do G l trng tm ABA)
Khi
2
2
.
3
2
)) ' ' ( , (
3
2
)) ' ' ( , (
a
B BDD M d B BDD G d = =

Hay
a 2
( , ( DD'B'))=
3
d G B
.
d.
2
1
=
BG
BI
(do I l trung im ca GB) nn
1
( , ( ' ')) ( , ' '))
2
d I BDD B d G BDD B =
hay
a 2
( , ( DD'B'))=
6
d I B
.
e. K l trng tm BMD nn
3
1
=
OM
OK

Khi
6
2
)) ' ' ( , (
3
1
)) ' ' ( , (
a
B BDD M d B BDD K d = =
.
Do J l trung im ca KO nn
2
1
=
OK
OJ


- Trang | 19 -

A
B
C
S
M
H
G
K
I
Lc
1
( , ( ' ')) ( , ( ' '))
2
d J BDD B d K BDD B =

Vy
12
2
)) ' ' ( , (
a
B BDD J d =
.
V d 4. Cho tam gic ABC u cnh a. Trn ng thng Ax vung gc vi mp(ABC), ly im S sao
cho 3 a SA = , K l trung im ca BC.
a. Tnh khong cch t im A n mp(SBC);
b. Gi M l im i xng vi A qua C. Tnh khong cch t im M n mp(SBC);
c. Gi G l trng tm SCM. Tnh khong cch t im G n mp(SBC);
d. I l trung im ca GK. Tnh khong cch t im I n mp(SBC).
Li gii.
a..Xt 2 vung SAB v SAC :

a AC SA SC
a AB SA SB
2
2
2 2
2 2
= + =
= + =

suy ra SB = SC hay SBC cn ti S.
Trong SBC c SK l ng trung tuyn ng thi
l ng cao khi
BC SK m BC SA( do SA (ABC)) nn BC (SAK),
suy ra SAK) (SBC).
Ta c (SAK) (SBC) SK. T A k AH SK ti H.
Khi d(A,(SBC)) = AH.
Xt SAK vung ta A, theo h thc lng trong tam gic vung ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
AK SA AH
+ =
(*)
Trong
2
3 a
AK =
(ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a),
SA = 3 a (gi thit) (1)
Thay (1) vo (*) ta c
5
15 a
AH =
.
b. M l im i xng vi A qua C nn ( , ( )) ( , ( )) d M SBC d A SBC =
vy
15
( , ( ))
5
a
d M SBC =
c. G l trng tm SCM nn ta c:

1
( , ( )) ( , ( ))
3
d G SBC d M SBC = hay
15
( , ( )) .
15
d G SBC a = ;
d. I l trung im ca KG, khi

1
( , ( )) ( , ( ))
2
d I SBC d G SBC = suy ra
15
( , ( )) .
30
d I SBC a = .
V d 5. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a. Gi M l trung im ca

- Trang | 20 -

cnh BC. O l tm hnh vung ABCD.
a. Tnh khong cch t im M n mp (ACCA);
b. N l trung im ca DC. Tnh khong cch t im N n mp(ACCA);
c. T N k ng thng song song vi CC ct DC ti N. Tnh khong cch t im N n
mp(ACCA);
d.
1
G l trng tm ACD. Tnh khong cch t im
1
G n mp(ACCA);
e.
2
G l trng tm A
1
G C. Tnh khong cch t im
2
G n mp(ACCA).
Li gii.

a. Ta c BD (ACCA)
K Mx // BD ct AC ti H. Lc :
MH A ACC M d = )) ' ' ( , ( m
1
2
MH BO =
nn
2
4
a
MH =

Vy
2
( , ( ' '))
4
a
d M ACC A =
.
b. Ta c MN l ng trung bnh ca BDC nn MN // BD
Suy ra H, M, N thng hng v HM = HN
Khi d(M, (ACCA)) = d(N, (ACCA)) hay d(M, (ACCA)) =
4
2 a
;
c. V NN // CC nn NN // (ACCA). Suy ra
d(N,(ACCA)) = d(N, (ACCA)) =
4
2 a
.
d.
1
G l trng tm ACD nn:
3
2
'
1
=
A N
A G

Lc
4
2
.
3
2
)) ' ' ( , ' (
3
2
)) ' ' ( , (
1
a
A ACC N d A ACC G d = =

Hay
1
2
( , ( ' '))
6
a
d G ACC A =
;
e. BD ct AC ti O nn O l trung im ca AC. Do
2
G l trng tm ca tam gic A
1
G C nn
3
1
1
2
=
OG
OG
.
Suy ra
6
2
.
3
1
)) ' ' ( , (
3
1
) ' ' ( , (
1 2
a
A ACC G d A ACC G d = =

Vy
2
2
( , ( ' '))
18
a
d G ACC A =
.

V d 6. Cho hnh chp SABCD. ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAB l tam gic u cnh a v
(SAB) vung gc vi mp(ABCD). Gi I l trung im ca cnh AB, E l trung im ca cnh BC.
a. Chng minh mp(SIC) mp(SED);
H
O
N'
N
M
B'
C'
D'
C
B
A
D
A'

- Trang | 21 -

b. Tnh khong cch t im I n mp(SED);
c. Tnh khong cch t im C n mp(SED);
d. Tnh khong cch t im A n mp(SED);
Li gii.
a. ABCD l hnh vung nn ED IC (1)
SI l ng trung tuyn ca u ABC nn SI AB m
(SAB) (ABCD) nn SI (ABCD), suy ra
SI IC ( v IC mp(ABCD)) (2)
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra IC (SED) do (SIC) (SED);
b. Gi J l giao im ca ED v IC, k IH SJ th
d(I, (SED)) = IH
Xt SIJ vung ti I. Theo h thc lng trong tam gic vung ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
IJ SI IH
+ =
(*)
Trong
2
3 a
SI = ( ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a) (3)
Mt khc ECD vung ti C c:
2 2 2 2 2
1 4 1 1 1
a a CD CE CJ
+ = + =
Suy ra CJ =
5
5 a
.
mt khc IC =
2 2
IB BC + nn
5
2
a
IC =
IJ = IC JC =
5 5
2 5
a a
hay
3 5
IJ= .
10
a (4)
Thay (3) v (4) vo (*) ta c:

32
9
2
2
a
IH =
do
a IH
8
2 3
=

Vy a SED I d .
8
2 3
)) ( , ( = .
c. Ta c IC (SED) J, xt t s
5 3 5
:
5 10
JC a
a
JI
= =
3
2

Do
2
( , ( )) ( , ( ))
3
d C SED d I SED = hay
2
( , ( )) .
4
d C SED a = ;
d. Gi F l giao im ca AB v DE, khi
2
1
= =
AD
BE
FA
FB
suy ra B l trung im ca FA
Ta c
3
4
=
FI
FA
nn
a SED I d SED A d
8
2 3
.
3
4
)) ( , ( .
3
4
)) ( , ( = =

J
F
E
I
C
A
D
B
S
H

- Trang | 22 -

hay
2
2
) ( , ( = SED A d a .
thi i hc khi D nm 2007 c mt bi Cho hnh chp SABCD c y hnh thang ABC = BAD =
0
90 , BA = BC = a, AD = 2a. Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y v 2 a SA = . Gi H l hnh chiu vung
gc ca A ln SB. Chng minh rng tam gic SCD vung v tnh khong cch t H n mp(SCD).
Gi gii:

a 2
a
J
C
I
A
B
D
S
H

Ly I l trung im ca AD, khi IA = ID = IC = a, suy ra CD AC m CD SA nn CD SC hay
tam gic SCD vung ti C.
+ Tnh d(H, (SCD))
Xt tam gic vung SAB c
3
2
2
2
= =
SB
SA
SB
SH

Do )) ( , (
3
2
)) ( , ( SCD B d SCD H d =
m d(B, (SCD)) = d(I, (SCD), )) ( , (
2
1
)) ( , ( SCD A d SCD I d =
nn )) ( , (
2
1
)) ( , ( SCD A d SCD H d = ;
Mt khc ta c :
CD SC (theo chng minh trn)
CD SA (v SA (ABCD))
(SCD) (SAC) SC
K AJ SC (J thuc SC) th J l trung im ca SC ( v tam gic SAC cn
ti A).
Khi d(A, (SCD)) = AJ
Xt tam gic SAC vung ti A c
2 2
AC SA SC + = nn SC = 2a;
m SC AJ
2
1
= suy ra d(A,(SCD)) = a
Vy a SCD H d
2
1
)) ( , ( = .

(SCD)
(SAC)

- Trang | 23 -

Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau
V d 1. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA = SB = SC = SD = 2 a . Tnh
khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau AD v SC.
Li gii

V AD // BC nn d(AD, SC) = d(AD, (SBC)) = d(A, (SBC))
Ta c AO (SBC) C v
2
1
=
CA
CO
do
d(A, (SBC)) = 2.d(O, (SBC)) ;
SO (ABCD) nn SO BC
K SJ BC th J l trung im ca BC
Suy ra BC (SOJ) (SBC) (SOJ)
(SBC) (SOJ) SJ, k OH SJ (H SJ). Khi d(O, (SBC)) = OH
Xt tam gic SOJ vung ti O, theo h thc lng trong tam gic vung ta c
2 2 2
1 1 1
OS OJ OH
+ = m a OJ .
2
1
= ,
2
6
2 2
a
CO SC SO = =
Suy ra a OH
14
42
=
Vy a a SC AD d .
7
42
14
42
. 2 ) , ( = =
b. Khong cch gia 2 ng thng cho nhau AD v SB;
c. T B k ng thng song song vi SC ct CH ti K, tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng cho nhau
AD v SK.
Theo li t duy trn hc sinh s nhn ra:
d(AD, SB) = d(A, (SBC)) =
a
7
42

d(AD, SK) = d(AD, (SBC)) =
a
7
42
.
V d 2. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung gc vi mp(ABCD), SA
= a 3 . E l im i xng ca B qua A, tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng cho nhau
a. AC v SD
b. AC v SE
Li gii

E l im i xng ca B qua A nn
= =
CD AE
a CD AE
//

AEDC l hnh bnh hnh. Do AC // ED hay AC // (SED) (1)
suy ra d(AC, SD) = d(AC, (SED)) = d(A, (SED));
* Tnh d(A, (SED))
SA ED, k SK ED(KED) th ED (SAK) suy ra (SED) (SAK);
(SED) (SAK) SK. K AH SK (HSK) th d(A, (SED)) = AH
a 3
a
E
C
A
D
B
S
a 2
a
I O
B
D
C
A
S
H

- Trang | 24 -

SAK v EAD l cc tam gic vung ti A. Theo h thc lng trong tam gic vung ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
1
3
1 1 1 1
AK a AK AS AH
+ = + =

2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
a a AD AE AK
+ = + =
Suy ra
2 2 2 2
1 1
3
1 1
a a a AH
+ + =
hay
a AH .
7
21
=

Vy
a SD AC d .
7
21
) , ( =
.
V AC // (SED) (theo 1) nn d(AC, SE) = d(AC, (SED)) =
a
7
21

Nhn xt:
AC // (SED)
) (
) (
SED SD
SED SE
khi d(AC, SE) = d(AC, (SD) = d(AC, (SED)).
V d 3 ( THI H-C KHI B NM 2007).
Cho chp t gic u SABCD c y hnh vung cnh a. Gi E l im i xng ca D qua trung im
ca SA, M l trung im ca AE, N l trung im ca BC. Chng minh MN vung gc vi BD; tnh
khong cch gia 2 ng thng MN v AC.
Li gii.

Gi P l trung im ca AS, khi MP // NC v MP = NC (u bng na a). Do MPCN l hnh bnh
hnh, suy ra MN // PC (1).
Mt khc BD (SAC) nn BD PC (2)
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra MN BD ;
d(MN,AC) = d(MN, (SAC)) trong d(MN,(SAC)) = d(N, (SAC)),
)) ( , (
2
1
)) ( , ( SAC B d SAC N d = , suy ra BD AC MN d
4
1
) , ( =
Vy
4
2
) , (
a
AC MN d = .
a
a
M
N
P
O
C
A
D
B
S
E

- Trang | 25 -

a
2a
a
a
I
A
B C
D
S
H
A
D
C
B
SCD
D
A
I
2a
3a
a
N
M
O
B
C
A
H
Bi 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh thang ni tip trong ng trn ng knh AD,
AD//BC, AD=2a, AB=BC=CD=a, SA(ABCD), d(A,(SCD)) = a 2 , I l trung im AD. Tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau BI v SC.
Gii
-
DC AC
( ).
DC A
DC SAC
S

=>

M DC (SCD) => (SAC) (SCD) theo giao tuyn SC.
Do k AH SC (HSC) => AH (SCD).
AH = d(A, (SCD)) = a 2 .
- (SCD) cha SC v // vi BI
=> d(BI, SC) = d(I, (SCD)).

Ta c:
( , ( )) 1
2
d I SCD DI
AH DA
= =
=> d(I, (SCD))=
1 2
( , ).
2 2
a
AH d IB SC = =

Bi 2. Cho t din OABC c OA, OB, OC i mt vung gc, OA=a, OB=2a, OC=3a. M l trung im
OB. Tnh d(AM, OC).
Gii
- Gi N l trung im BC, khi (AMN) cha AM v // vi OC
=> d(AM,OC) = d (O, (AMN)).
-
MN OB
( ).
MN A
MN AOB
O

=>

M MN(AMN) => (AOB) (AMN) theo giao tuyn AM.
Do k OH AM (HAM) => OH (AMN)
=> OH=d(O,(AMN)).
- Ta c
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 2
.
2 2
a a
OH OH
OH OA OM a a a
= + = + = => = => =
Bi 3. Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c AC = a, BC=2a,
0
120 ACB = , gc gia ng thng AC
v (ABBA) bng 30
0
. M l trung im ca BB. Tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng AM v CC.
Gii
- (CAB) (ABBA) theo giao tuyn AB,
nn trong (CAB) k CH AB (HAB)

- Trang | 26 -

120
a
2a
30
M
C'
A'
B'
B
A
C
H
B
1
A
30
A
1
C
1
C
B
H
K
=> CH(ABBA) =>
0
( ' , ( ' ') ' 30 . A C ABB A CA H = =
- (ABBA) cha AM v // vi CC
=> d(AM, CC) = d(C, (ABBA))=CH.
- Tnh CH?
p dng nh l hm s cosin ta c:
AB
2
=CA
2
+CB
2
-2CA.CB.cos 120
0

= a
2
+4a
2
-2a.2a.
1
( )
2
= 7a
2
=> AB=a 7 .
Mt khc ta c:
1
.
2
ABC
S ABCH
=

0
1 1
. .sin120 .
2 2
CACB ABCH =
a.2a.
3
2
= a 7 .CH => CH = a.
3
7
= a
21
7
= d (AM, CC).
Bi 4. Cho lng tr tam gic ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c tt c cc cnh bng a, gc gia cnh bn AA
1
v mt y
bng 30
0
. Hnh chiu H ca A trn (A
1
B
1
C
1
) thuc B
1
C
1
. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AA
1
v
B
1
C
1.
Gii
- AH ( A
1
B
1
C
1
) => gc gia AA
1
v (A
1
B
1
C
1
) l gc
1
AA H , theo gi thit
1
AA H =30
0
.
- Xt tam gic vung AHA
1
, ta c:
cos 30
0
=
1
1
A H
AA
=> A
1
H = AA
1
cos30
0
= a
3
2
.
- A
1
B
1
C
1
u, A
1
H =a
3
2
=> A
1
HB
1
C
1
.
- K HK AA
1
(K AA
1
), ta c:
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
B C A H
B C ( A H) B C HK
B C AH
A

=> =>

=> HK l on vung gc chung ca A A
1
v B
1
C
1

=> HK = d(A A
1
, B
1
C
1
).
- Tnh HK?
1
AA 1 1
1 1
. .
2 2
H
S AH AH AA HK
= = => A
1
H.AH = AA
1
.HK => HK=
1
1
3
.
A H.AH 3
2
.
AA 2
a
AH
AH
a
= =
Xt tam gic vung AA
1
H, ta c:
sin 30
0
=
1
AH
AA

1 3 3
.
2 2 2 2 4
AH a a a
AH HK
a
= <=> = => = =
Bi 5. Chp SABC y ABC l tam gic vung cn A, AB = a, gc gia cc cnh bn v mt y bng
60
0
. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AB v SC theo a.
Gii
- Gi H l hnh chiu ca S trn (ABC).
Ta c
0
60 SAH SBH SCH = = =
=> AH=BH=CH => H l trung im ca BC.

- Trang | 27 -

B
A
S
C
D
H
E
K
K
SDC
D
A
H
K
O
N
M
C
B
A
A'
B'
C'
H
- Gi D l im i xng vi A qua H
=> AB//CD => AH//(SCD)
=> d(AB,SC) = d(AB,(SCD))=d(A,(SCD)).
- Gi E l trung im ca CD.
Khi (SHE) (SCD) theo giao tuyn SE,
nn trong (SHE) k HK SE(KSE)
=> HK (SCD) => HK=d(H,(SCD)).
- Ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
HK HS HE
= +

M :
- Xt tam gic vung SHA, ta c: tan60
0
=
SH
AH
=> SH=AH.tan60
0
=
1
2
. tan60
0
=
1
2
. 2. 3 a =
6
2
a
.
- Xt tam gic vung HEC ( vung ti E), ta c: HE
2
= HC
2
- EC
2
=
2
2 2
2 3
( ) ( )
2 2 4
a a a
=
Do :
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1 2 4 2
.
3 3 2 3 6 2
( )
4 2
a a
HK HK
HK a a a a a
= + = + = => = => =

- Ta c:
1
( , ( )) 2
HK DH
d A SCD DA
= =
1 1
( , ( )) .
2 2 2
a
d A SCD HK => = =
Bi 6. Cho lng tr u ABCABC (lng tr ng c y l tam gic u) c tt c cc cnh bng a. Gi
M, N ln lt l trung im ca AA, BB. Tnh d(BM, CN).
Gii
- BM//AN => BM//(ACN)
=> d(BM//CN)= d(BM,(ACN))= d(B,(ACN))=d(B,(ACN)).
(BB ct (ACN) ti trung im N ca BB
=> d(B,(ACN))= d(B,(ACN)) ).
- Gi O l trung im BC, k OKCN(KCN). Khi :
(OAK) (ACN) => OH=d(O, (ACN)).
- Ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1
OH OK OA
= +
M:
- Tam gic vung OKC ng dng vi tam gic vung NBC ( C chung)

2 2
2 2
2 2
( )
2 2
2
a a
OK CO OK OK
a a
NB CN a
CB BN
a
= <=> = <=> =
+
+


- Trang | 28 -

N
ACN
B'
B

2
2
.
2 2 4
5 2 5
5
2
4
a a a
a
OK
a
a
= = =
+) OA=
3
2
a
.
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 20 4 64 3 3
.
3 3 64 8 3
20 4
a a
OH OH
OH a a a a a
= + = + = => = => =
Ta c:
1
( , ( )) 2
OH CO
d B ACN CB
= =
- d(B,(ACN)) = 2.OH=
3
4
a
= d(BM, CN).

Gio vin: Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn

Bai DABTTL Quan He Vuong Goc

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Kha hc Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - ThyTrn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

cc tam gic SAB, SAD vung ti A

Kha hc Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - ThyTrn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

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